Wind power plant booster station building space design method based on solar energy utilization

Abstract

The invention provides a wind power plant booster station building space design method based on solar energy utilization. The method comprises the steps that the orientation and shape of a building are optimized according to geographic coordinates and meteorological data; constructing a southbound facade integrated model; generating a thermally driven ventilation layout in conjunction with the thermal load; a thermal mass material is configured and integrated; and establishing a digital model, performing multi-target performance simulation and iterative optimization, and outputting a final scheme. The energy consumption of the booster station of the wind power plant can be reduced, the indoor thermal comfort is improved, and the dual goals of green energy conservation and efficient operation are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building energy saving and renewable energy utilization, and more particularly, relates to a wind farm booster station building space design method based on solar energy utilization. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the modern energy system, as a key component of renewable energy, the performance of the booster station building of the wind farm directly affects the energy utilization efficiency and long-term operation economy. The current booster station building design generally focuses on electrical equipment installation and function guarantee, and the importance of building energy saving potential and renewable energy integration is not enough. Specifically, the building orientation planning lacks the support of geographic coordinates and meteorological data, and cannot be optimized according to the solar radiation distribution and dominant wind direction of a specific region, resulting in that the building cannot fully obtain solar radiation heat in winter to reduce the heating demand, and the aspect ratio of the building shape design does not consider the influence of cold wind penetration, which aggravates heat loss. In the design of the south facade, the proportion of transparent components and non-transparent components is random, and the window-wall area ratio is not scientifically calculated according to the solar radiation characteristics, so that the heat transfer performance of the transparent components is poor, which cannot maximize the heat gain in winter and suppress the overheating in summer. The internal space planning of the building ignores the waste heat value of the main heating equipment room, and cannot integrate these areas as auxiliary heat sources into the overall thermal environment regulation system. There is a lack of coherent air flow channel between the direct solar benefit area and the north area room, and the position and opening area design of the high-level air vent and the low-level air vent is unreasonable, which cannot form an effective heat-driven natural ventilation cycle. This design state makes the booster station building excessively rely on artificial energy consumption to maintain indoor thermal comfort, and the annual heating and cooling energy consumption is high, the indoor temperature fluctuates frequently beyond the comfortable range, which significantly increases the operation cost and weakens the overall sustainability of renewable energy facilities. The core of the above problems is that the existing technology fails to systematically integrate the solar energy utilization mechanism and the building space layout, resulting in low energy efficiency and thermal environment imbalance. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a wind farm booster station building space design method based on solar energy utilization, comprising: S1, generating building orientation and shape optimization parameters based on the geographic coordinates of the wind farm booster station and a preset meteorological database; S2, constructing a south facade integrated design model of the wind farm booster station building according to the building orientation and shape optimization parameters; S3, generating a building internal space heat-driven ventilation layout based on the south facade integrated design model and the internal heat load distribution; S4, calculating the configuration parameters of thermal mass materials and integrating them according to the south facade integrated design model and the building internal space heat-driven ventilation layout. S5. Establish a digital model of building performance and conduct multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization until the final design scheme is output.

[0004] Further, in step S1, the generation of building orientation and shape optimization parameters includes: S1.1 Obtain the geographical coordinates of the wind farm booster station building, and extract the annual solar radiation data and prevailing wind direction data of the geographical coordinates from the preset meteorological database; S1.2 Based on the annual solar radiation data, with the goal of maximizing the total solar radiation during the winter heating season, calculate the optimal orientation angle of the building's south-facing facade, where the optimal orientation angle is the angle relative to due south. S1.3 Determine whether the angle between the optimal orientation angle and the prevailing wind direction is less than 45 degrees; S1.4 When the included angle is less than 45 degrees, the optimal orientation angle is corrected with the goal of reducing the cold wind infiltration load in winter, and the corrected building orientation angle is generated. S1.5. Based on the building orientation angle, generate the building aspect ratio constraint.

[0005] Furthermore, in step S2, the integrated design model of the south-facing facade of the wind farm booster station building includes: S2.1. Based on the building orientation and shape optimization parameters, determine the area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components on the south-facing facade; S2.2. Based on the area ratio and the preset heat transfer coefficient threshold, select multi-layer hollow Low-E glass as the transparent component; S2.3 Based on the annual solar radiation data, the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade is calculated. S2.4. Based on the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range, generate the specific dimensions and distribution locations of the windows; S2.5 Construct a model of an adjustable external shading device that is linked to the window.

[0006] Further, in step S2.3, the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade is calculated iteratively using the following formula:

[0007] Where WWR represents the window-to-wall area ratio, This represents the area of ​​the i-th window. This indicates the total area of ​​the south-facing facade. Indicates the total number of windows; Furthermore, the range of values ​​for WWR is constrained by an energy balance equation, which is:

[0008]

[0009] in, This indicates the amount of heat gained from solar radiation in winter. Indicates building heat loss during winter. This represents the minimum net heat gain required in winter. This indicates the heat gained from solar radiation in summer. It indicates the maximum permissible heat gain in summer.

[0010] Further, in step S2.5, the adjustment logic of the adjustable external sunshade device model is specifically as follows: Based on seasonal variations in solar altitude angle, summer and winter patterns are distinguished. When in summer mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to descend until it completely blocks the upper third of the window area; When in winter mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to rise to the fully retracted state.

[0011] Further, in step S3, generating the building's interior space heat-driven ventilation layout includes: S3.1 Identify the main heat-generating equipment rooms inside the wind farm substation building and define the main heat-generating equipment rooms as auxiliary heat sources; S3.2. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the direct solar energy benefit area inside the building; S3.3 Construct an airflow channel network connecting the solar energy direct benefit area, the auxiliary heat source, and the rooms in the north area of ​​the building; S3.4. High-level ventilation openings and low-level ventilation openings shall be provided at the highest and lowest points of the airflow channel network, respectively. S3.5. Based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, calculate and determine the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening.

[0012] Further, in step S3.5, the thermo-pressure ventilation principle formula upon which the effective opening areas of the high-level vent and the low-level vent are calculated and determined is:

[0013] in, This indicates the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening or the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the design ventilation volume. Represents the flow coefficient. Represents gravitational acceleration. This indicates the vertical height difference between the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. This indicates the absolute temperature of indoor air.

[0014] Further, in step S4, the calculation of the configuration parameters of the thermal mass material and its integrated execution includes: S4.1. Based on the area and location of the transparent components in the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the location of the thermal mass material arrangement in the directly exposed area. S4.2. Based on the thermally driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, determine the additional placement positions of thermalmass material along the airflow path; S4.3. Based on the operating characteristics of the wind farm booster station and the indoor temperature fluctuation requirements, select the type and physical properties of thermalmass material; S4.4. Based on the physical property parameters and the required smooth temperature fluctuation range, calculate the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material.

[0015] Further, in step S4.4, the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material is calculated using the following formula:

[0016] in, This represents the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material. Indicates the thermal conductivity of a material. Indicates the thermal fluctuation period, This indicates the permissible range of indoor surface temperature fluctuations. Indicates the density of the material. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the material. This indicates the amount of solar radiation heat absorbed by the directly exposed area.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, the establishment of a digital model of building performance and the performance simulation and iterative optimization of multiple objectives include: S5.1. Integrate the following parameters to establish the digital model of the building performance: building orientation angle, building length-to-width ratio constraint, window-to-wall area ratio, window size and distribution location, adjustable external shading device model parameters, airflow channel network topology, effective opening area of ​​ventilation openings, thermal mass material layout location and minimum effective thickness; S5.2 Set evaluation indicators for multi-objective performance simulation, including annual heating energy consumption, annual cooling energy consumption and number of hours when indoor thermal comfort does not meet the standard; S5.3 Run the digital model of building performance to obtain the initial performance simulation results; S5.4 Determine whether the initial performance simulation results simultaneously meet the preset thresholds of all the evaluation indicators; S5.5 When the judgment is negative, start the optimization algorithm, automatically adjust the window-to-wall area ratio and ventilation opening area, generate new design parameters and re-perform performance simulation; S5.6 When the determination is yes, output the current design parameters as the final design scheme.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: 1. By optimizing the building's orientation and shape, and taking into account local meteorological conditions, the building's energy efficiency is significantly improved by maximizing solar radiation heat gain in winter and reducing cold air infiltration load. This reduces winter heating energy consumption while also taking into account summer shading needs, thus reducing summer cooling load and achieving an effective reduction in annual energy consumption.

[0019] 2. By utilizing a heat-driven ventilation layout and adjustable external shading devices, combined with direct solar energy benefit areas and auxiliary heat sources within the building's interior spaces, a highly efficient natural ventilation system was constructed. This design not only improves indoor thermal comfort but also reduces reliance on mechanical ventilation, further lowering the building's operating energy consumption and enhancing its sustainability.

[0020] 3. By integrating thermal mass materials and optimizing their placement and thickness, indoor temperature fluctuations were effectively smoothed, improving the stability of the indoor thermal environment. Simultaneously, through multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization, the design scheme was ensured to meet energy-saving targets while also considering indoor thermal comfort, achieving a comprehensive improvement in building performance. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings by way of example and not limitation, wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for designing the architectural space of a wind farm booster station based on solar energy utilization, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0023] In the traditional design of wind farm booster stations, the building orientation and shape design do not fully take into account local meteorological conditions, resulting in low solar energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, the internal thermal environment is not optimized enough, and it is impossible to effectively utilize solar energy and equipment waste heat to improve indoor thermal comfort. This leads to increased energy consumption for heating in winter and cooling in summer. The mismatch between the building spatial layout and the distribution of heat sources further exacerbates the problem of thermal environment imbalance.

[0024] For example, in a substation building of a wind farm in northern China, the building's orientation is fixed to east-west, resulting in insufficient solar radiation reception in winter and excessive direct sunlight in summer; the internal equipment's heat-generating areas and ventilation layout are not coordinated, causing hot air to accumulate in the electrical equipment area, leading to uneven indoor temperature distribution, affecting the stability of equipment operation and the operating environment for personnel.

[0025] If the above problems are not resolved, the building's energy consumption will remain high, and the unstable indoor thermal environment may cause electrical equipment to overheat and fail, increasing maintenance frequency and operating costs. In particular, the deterioration of thermal comfort further limits the long-term reliable operation of the substation building.

[0026] In response, this application proposes a method for the architectural space design of a wind farm booster station based on solar energy utilization, including the following steps: S1. Based on the geographical coordinates of the wind farm booster station and a pre-set meteorological database, generate building orientation and shape optimization parameters; S2. Based on the building orientation and shape optimization parameters, construct an integrated design model of the south facade of the wind farm booster station building; S3. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the internal heat load distribution, generate the heat-driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space. S4. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the thermally driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, calculate the configuration parameters of the thermalmass material and integrate them into a single unit. S5. Establish a digital model of building performance and conduct multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization until the final design scheme is output.

[0027] The pre-defined meteorological database can be a database storing historical meteorological data, which can be implemented using meteorological datasets obtained from publicly available meteorological data sources, such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed data. Its primary purpose is to provide meteorological information corresponding to geographic coordinates for building optimization design. Furthermore, the south-facing facade integrated design model refers to the comprehensive design representation of the building's south facade. This can be implemented using a 3D model constructed with Building Information Modeling (BIM) software, such as parametric design using BIM tools. Its main purpose is to coordinate the building facade structure with its solar energy reception characteristics.

[0028] Specifically, a heat-driven ventilation layout can be understood as an airflow system driven by thermal pressure difference. It can be implemented by using ventilation shafts designed based on the building height difference, such as setting exhaust vents at the top of the building and air inlets at the bottom. Its main purpose is to promote natural ventilation to regulate indoor temperature distribution.

[0029] As a preferred implementation, thermal mass materials refer to building materials with high heat capacity, which can be achieved using concrete, masonry, or water, such as embedding a concrete layer in the building floor. Their primary purpose is to absorb and store heat to smooth indoor temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization can be understood as the process of evaluating multiple performance indicators through a digital model. This can be achieved through iterative calculations using building energy consumption simulation software, such as using EnergyPlus software to adjust design parameters, primarily to balance heating energy consumption, cooling energy consumption, and thermal comfort requirements.

[0030] Therefore, this application integrates geographic meteorological data with architectural space design elements to achieve the optimization of solar energy utilization and thermal environment of wind farm substation buildings, thereby solving the problems of insufficient solar energy utilization, high energy consumption caused by insufficient integration of building orientation with meteorological conditions, and lack of internal thermal environment optimization in traditional designs.

[0031] Based on the geographical coordinates of the wind farm's booster station and a pre-set meteorological database, building orientation and shape optimization parameters are generated. This process utilizes the annual solar radiation and prevailing wind direction data of the specific location to specifically optimize the amount of solar radiation received in winter and coordinate the influence of wind direction, avoiding energy waste caused by ignoring regional meteorological differences in traditional designs.

[0032] Furthermore, based on the generated building orientation and form optimization parameters, an integrated design model of the south-facing facade of the wind farm substation building was constructed to ensure close integration between the design and the previous optimization results. By precisely controlling the ratio of transparent to non-transparent components and shading devices, a dynamic balance between maximizing heat gain in winter and effective shading in summer was achieved. Next, based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the internal heat load distribution, a heat-driven ventilation layout for the building's interior space was generated. This layout combines the heat source characteristics of the areas directly benefiting from solar energy and the equipment's heat generation areas, enabling the ventilation channel network to actively utilize the internal and external temperature differences to drive airflow, significantly improving natural ventilation efficiency. Then, based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the heat-driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, the configuration parameters of the thermal mass material were calculated and integrated, allowing the arrangement of the thermal mass material to work synergistically with the heated areas of the facade and the ventilation paths. By absorbing and releasing heat, temperature fluctuations were smoothed, enhancing the building's thermal stability. Finally, a digital model of building performance was established and multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization were carried out. All design parameters were integrated for simulation, and heating energy consumption, cooling energy consumption and thermal comfort indicators were evaluated simultaneously through digital means to ensure that the design scheme achieves optimal comprehensive performance under complex constraints.

[0033] This application further proposes that, in step S1, generating building orientation and shape optimization parameters includes: S1.1 Obtain the geographical coordinates of the wind farm booster station building, and extract the annual solar radiation data and prevailing wind direction data of the geographical coordinates from the preset meteorological database; S1.2 Based on the annual solar radiation data, with the goal of maximizing the total solar radiation during the winter heating season, calculate the optimal orientation angle of the building's south-facing facade, where the optimal orientation angle is the angle relative to due south. S1.3 Determine whether the angle between the optimal orientation angle and the prevailing wind direction is less than 45 degrees; S1.4 When the included angle is less than 45 degrees, the optimal orientation angle is corrected with the goal of reducing the cold wind infiltration load in winter, and the corrected building orientation angle is generated. S1.5. Generate building aspect ratio constraints based on building orientation angle.

[0034] Annual solar radiation data refers to historical solar radiation data at specific geographic coordinates, which can be obtained using meteorological satellite observation data or ground meteorological station records, aiming to provide accurate solar energy input information; prevailing wind direction data refers to the wind direction with the highest frequency throughout the year, which can be obtained using wind rose diagram data or historical data from wind speed and direction sensors, aiming to identify the main wind direction to assess the impact of cold winds; optimal orientation angle refers to the angle relative to due south, which can be calculated using numerical optimization algorithms, aiming to maximize solar radiation heat gain in winter; angle judgment refers to calculating the angle difference between the optimal orientation angle and the prevailing wind direction, which can be achieved using trigonometric functions, aiming to identify high-risk scenarios for cold wind infiltration; corrected orientation angle refers to the adjusted building orientation angle, which can be corrected using linear interpolation or empirical formulas, aiming to reduce the cold wind infiltration load in winter; building aspect ratio constraint refers to the proportional restriction of building plan dimensions, which can be achieved using geometric proportion settings, aiming to ensure that the building form and orientation are optimized in harmony.

[0035] As a specific implementation method, in the design of a wind farm booster station, the geographical coordinates are located in northern China. After extracting annual solar radiation data and prevailing wind direction data from the meteorological database, the optimal orientation angle of the building's south-facing facade was calculated to be 15 degrees east of east. It was determined that the angle between this orientation angle and the prevailing northwest wind direction was 35 degrees, which is less than the 45-degree threshold. Therefore, with the goal of reducing cold air infiltration load, the orientation angle was corrected to 5 degrees east of east. Based on the corrected orientation angle, the building's length-to-width ratio constraint was generated to be 1.2 to ensure that the building's shape is appropriately extended in the east-west direction to reduce the windward surface.

[0036] This application further proposes the following steps for constructing an integrated design model of the south-facing facade of a wind farm booster station building: determining the area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components on the south-facing facade based on building orientation and shape optimization parameters; selecting multi-layer insulated Low-E glass as the transparent component based on the area ratio and a preset heat transfer coefficient threshold; calculating the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade based on annual solar radiation data; generating the specific dimensions and distribution of windows based on the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range; and constructing a model of an adjustable external shading device linked to the windows.

[0037] The area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components refers to the proportion of transparent to non-transparent areas in the south-facing facade. This ratio can be calculated using radiation analysis software to accurately match local radiation characteristics and wind direction data, avoiding imbalances that could lead to insufficient heat gain in winter or excessive heat gain in summer. Multi-layered insulated Low-E glass refers to heat-insulating glass assemblies with a low-emissivity coating. This can be achieved using double or triple-layered insulated structures filled with inert gas, aiming to maintain high visible light transmittance while suppressing unnecessary heat transfer and enhancing passive heating potential in winter. The optimal window-to-wall area ratio range refers to the dynamic adaptation of the total window area to the total area of ​​the south-facing facade. The window-to-wall ratio can be dynamically adapted to the differences in winter and summer loads by using an optimization algorithm based on solar radiation data. This aims to avoid seasonal performance imbalances caused by a fixed ratio. The specific dimensions and distribution of windows refer to their geometric parameters and spatial layout on the facade. This can be achieved by using uniform distribution or radiation intensity weighted distribution. The goal is to maximize radiation capture efficiency and reduce local thermal stress. The adjustable external shading device model refers to a system that can automatically adjust the shading state according to seasonal changes. This can be achieved by using louvers or roller blinds. The goal is to achieve seasonal adaptive regulation, effectively suppressing the risk of overheating without sacrificing winter heat gain.

[0038] The area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components is determined based on building orientation and shape optimization parameters to ensure that the ratio setting closely follows the previous optimization results. Multi-layer insulated Low-E glass is selected based on this ratio and heat transfer coefficient threshold, directly linking material selection with thermal performance requirements. The optimal window-to-wall area ratio range is calculated based on annual solar radiation data, and the actual radiation data is used to dynamically adapt to the differences in winter and summer loads. The specific size and distribution of windows are generated based on this range to ensure that the windows are evenly distributed to cover the directly benefiting area. An adjustable external shading device model linked to the windows is constructed to achieve coordinated operation between the shading device and the windows.

[0039] As a specific implementation method, in the design of a wind farm booster station, after obtaining meteorological data based on geographical coordinates, the area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components on the south facade is determined; triple-glazed Low-E glass is selected as the transparent component; the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range is calculated; the specific dimensions and distribution of windows are generated to ensure that windows are evenly distributed in the central area of ​​the south facade; and an adjustable external shading device model is constructed. This device can be specifically an electric louver system that can automatically adjust the shading depth according to seasonal changes.

[0040] This application further proposes that in step S2.3, the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade is calculated iteratively using the following formula:

[0041] Where WWR represents the window-to-wall area ratio, This represents the area of ​​the i-th window. This indicates the total area of ​​the south-facing facade. Indicates the total number of windows; Furthermore, by constraining the range of values ​​for WWR using the energy balance equation, the energy balance equation is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] in, This indicates the amount of heat gained from solar radiation in winter. Indicates building heat loss during winter. This represents the minimum net heat gain required in winter. This indicates the heat gained from solar radiation in summer. It indicates the maximum permissible heat gain in summer.

[0044] In practical applications, the window-to-wall ratio (WWR) refers to the ratio of the total area of ​​windows on the south-facing facade to the total area of ​​the facade. It can be achieved using numerical integration methods based on building geometric parameters or discretized grid calculations. The purpose is to dynamically quantify the window-to-wall ratio to avoid the subjectivity of empirical values ​​and ensure that the calculation process closely matches the building's physical dimensions. The winter net heat gain constraint equation means that the solar radiation heat gain minus heat loss in winter should not be less than the minimum net heat gain requirement. It can be achieved through iterative verification based on the coupling of building thermal models and meteorological data. The purpose is to ensure that the window-to-wall ratio meets the feasibility of using solar energy to reduce heating energy consumption. The summer heat gain upper limit constraint equation means that the solar radiation heat gain in summer should not exceed the maximum allowable heat gain. It can be achieved by setting a dynamic allowable range based on the radiation intensity threshold in the meteorological database. The purpose is to prevent the risk of indoor overheating caused by an excessively large window-to-wall ratio.

[0045] By deeply coupling the iterative calculation of the WWR formula with a two-way energy balance constraint mechanism, a complete closed loop for thermal performance optimization is formed. First, initial building geometric parameters are obtained based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, and the window-to-wall ratio is dynamically calculated using the WWR formula. Then, in each iteration, winter net heat gain constraints and summer heat gain upper limit constraints are simultaneously applied for verification: if winter net heat gain is insufficient, the window-to-wall area ratio is increased to enhance solar radiation heat gain; if summer heat gain exceeds the limit, the window-to-wall area ratio is decreased to suppress the risk of overheating. This two-way constraint mechanism ensures that the determination of the window-to-wall area ratio not only depends on solar radiation data input but also, through real-time feedback from thermodynamic equations, ensures that the iterative process always balances winter heating demand and summer cooling limitations, thereby achieving systematic optimization of year-round thermal performance during the building space design phase.

[0046] In the design of the south-facing facade of the wind farm substation building, the total area of ​​the south-facing facade was determined based on the annual solar radiation data extracted from geographical coordinates. The window distribution and location were considered; the WWR value was calculated iteratively, and the energy balance equation was dynamically verified by combining winter heat loss parameters and summer radiation intensity data from the meteorological database; when the winter net heat gain constraint was not met, the window size distribution was adjusted to increase the south-facing lighting area; when the summer heat gain upper limit constraint was exceeded, the window layout was optimized to reduce the direct sunlight area until the WWR range was simultaneously satisfied. - ≥ and ≤ conditions.

[0047] This application further proposes that the adjustment logic of the adjustable external shading device model in step S2.5 is as follows: Based on seasonal variations in solar altitude angle, summer and winter patterns are distinguished. When in summer mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to lower it to completely cover the upper third of the window area. When in winter mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to rise to the fully retracted position.

[0048] In practical applications, solar altitude angle seasonal variation data refers to a dataset that reflects the periodic variation of the solar altitude angle in different seasons. It can be obtained using historical meteorological observation databases or astronomical calculation models. The purpose is to provide a scientific basis for the seasonal adjustment of external shading devices and avoid the shortcomings of fixed shading methods that cannot adapt to seasonal differences.

[0049] The distinction between summer and winter modes can be understood as an automatic classification mechanism based on solar altitude angle thresholds. This can be achieved using preset solar altitude angle thresholds or seasonal classification algorithms based on geographical location. The aim is to accurately distinguish the solar radiation characteristics of different seasons, ensuring that the adjustment strategy is closely related to the actual local radiation conditions. Specifically, blocking the upper third of the window area refers to partial shading of the upper part of the window. This can be achieved using retractable sunshades or louver systems. The purpose is to reduce the heat gain from direct high-angle solar radiation while maintaining natural lighting in the lower lighting area, avoiding the problems of limited visibility or increased lighting energy consumption caused by complete shading.

[0050] The fully retracted state refers to the state in which the sunshade device does not block the window at all. This can be achieved by using an electric roller blind or a folding mechanism. The purpose is to maximize the amount of low-angle solar radiation transmitted in winter and significantly improve indoor thermal benefits.

[0051] By dividing the system into summer and winter modes based on seasonal variations in solar altitude angle, the system fully leverages the natural pattern of higher solar altitude angles in summer and lower ones in winter, ensuring that the adjustment strategy is closely linked to local radiation characteristics. In summer mode, the adjustable external shading device is lowered to completely block the upper third of the window. Based on the characteristic that high-angle solar radiation in summer primarily affects the upper part of the window, targeted shading of the upper area effectively reduces direct heat gain while preserving natural light in the lower area. In winter mode, the adjustable external shading device is raised to a fully retracted state. Taking advantage of the characteristic that low-angle solar radiation in winter penetrates deeper into the interior space, fully retracting the shading device maximizes solar radiation transmission, significantly improving indoor thermal benefits. Overall, this adjustment logic, through intelligent seasonal mode division and refined control of shading actions, achieves adaptive response of the external shading device under dynamic weather conditions.

[0052] The adjustable external sunshade device employs a motorized louver system, which integrates a solar altitude angle sensor and a season recognition module. In summer, when the system detects that the solar altitude angle exceeds a preset threshold, the louvers automatically descend to cover the upper third of the window area. The louvers are made of high-reflectivity aluminum alloy to enhance the shading effect. In winter, when the solar altitude angle falls below another preset threshold, the louvers retract completely, leaving the window area unobstructed and ensuring sufficient solar radiation enters the indoor space. In this embodiment, the louver system's drive mechanism can be configured to automatically switch modes based on a preset seasonal schedule or real-time meteorological data, thereby achieving dynamic adjustment without manual intervention.

[0053] This application further proposes steps for generating a heat-driven ventilation layout for the interior space of a building, including: S3.1 Identify the main heat-generating equipment rooms inside the wind farm substation building and define the main heat-generating equipment rooms as auxiliary heat sources; S3.2. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the area inside the building that directly benefits from solar energy. S3.3 Construct an airflow channel network connecting the area directly benefiting from solar energy, the auxiliary heat source, and the rooms in the north section of the building; S3.4. High-level ventilation openings and low-level ventilation openings shall be installed at the highest and lowest points of the airflow channel network, respectively. S3.5. Based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, calculate and determine the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening.

[0054] In practical applications, the main heat-generating equipment room refers to the area within the wind farm's booster station where electrical equipment generates significant heat. This area can be identified using a temperature sensor array combined with equipment power parameter analysis. The aim is to convert waste heat from the equipment into a driving force for natural ventilation, avoiding additional energy consumption. The direct solar energy benefit area can be understood as the area inside the building that is directly exposed to solar radiation and generates a thermal effect. This area can be dynamically determined through 3D building models and solar trajectory simulation software, ensuring a synergistic effect between solar energy capture and ventilation design. The airflow channel network refers to the continuous airflow path system connecting heat sources and cold zones. This can be achieved through building interior corridors, equipment partitions, or dedicated duct structures, with the aim of creating efficient airflow channels to promote the directional flow of hot air. High-level and low-level vents refer to ventilation openings located at the highest and lowest points of the airflow path, respectively. These can be achieved using louvers, adjustable grilles, or automatically opening and closing skylights, with the aim of precisely utilizing the natural convection principle of hot air rising and cold air sinking. The effective opening area refers to the net flow area of ​​the vent that actually participates in airflow exchange. Its calculation can be based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation and quantified using computational fluid dynamics simulation or empirical coefficient methods, with the aim of ensuring that the ventilation volume accurately matches the thermal environment requirements.

[0055] By identifying rooms with primary heat-generating equipment as auxiliary heat sources, waste heat from these equipment is converted into ventilation driving force. Simultaneously, based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, the direct solar energy benefit area is determined, ensuring close integration of solar radiation capture with building orientation parameters. Building upon this, an airflow channel network connecting the direct solar energy benefit area, auxiliary heat sources, and rooms in the north section of the building is constructed, forming a continuous airflow path that allows hot air to flow naturally from the benefit area and auxiliary heat sources to the north section rooms. Furthermore, high-level and low-level ventilation openings are respectively installed at the highest and lowest points of the channel network, utilizing thermal pressure differences to drive directional airflow. Finally, the effective opening area of ​​the ventilation openings is calculated based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, ensuring that the ventilation volume meets thermal comfort requirements while avoiding energy waste, thus forming a complete heat-driven ventilation closed-loop system.

[0056] For example, in a wind farm substation building, the main control room and transformer room are identified as the main heat-generating equipment rooms and defined as auxiliary heat sources. The south-facing equipment room is determined to be the direct solar energy benefit area through building performance simulation software. The internal corridor is designed as an air flow channel network, connecting the south-facing equipment room, the main control room and the north-side duty room. High-level ventilation openings are set on the roof of the corridor, and low-level ventilation openings are set on the ground floor. The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature difference and height difference is analyzed using the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, and it is determined that the ventilation openings adopt an adjustable louver structure to achieve dynamic matching of effective opening area.

[0057] This application further proposes that, in step S3.5, the formula for calculating and determining the effective opening area of ​​the high-level vent and the low-level vent, based on the thermo-pressure ventilation principle, is as follows:

[0058] in, This indicates the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening or the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the design ventilation volume. Represents the flow coefficient. Represents gravitational acceleration. This indicates the vertical height difference between the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. This indicates the absolute temperature of indoor air.

[0059] The effective opening area of ​​high-level and low-level vents refers to the effective flow cross-section of the vent when actual airflow passes through. This can be achieved using vent structures with geometric shapes such as circles, squares, or rectangles, aiming to ensure sufficient airflow capacity for the thermal pressure ventilation system to meet design ventilation requirements. The design ventilation volume refers to the minimum ventilation volume set to meet the building's internal heat load requirements. It can be determined based on the heat dissipation of the main heat-generating equipment in the wind farm's booster station and indoor thermal comfort standards, aiming to effectively convert waste heat from internal equipment and solar heat gain into ventilation driving force. The flow coefficient is a dimensionless parameter reflecting the degree of energy loss when actual airflow passes through the vent, which can be determined based on... The geometry and surface roughness of the ventilation openings are obtained through experimental calibration or table lookup to compensate for the difference between actual and ideal flow and improve the accuracy of opening area calculation. The vertical height difference refers to the vertical distance between high-level and low-level ventilation openings, which can be adjusted through building space layout design to quantify the driving force of thermal pressure ventilation and enable the ventilation system to make full use of the natural pressure difference formed by the building height. The indoor and outdoor air temperature difference refers to the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air, which can be dynamically calculated based on local meteorological data and building thermal performance to capture the instantaneous change characteristics of thermal pressure difference and enable the ventilation system to automatically optimize operation according to the season and diurnal temperature difference.

[0060] By integrating design ventilation volume, flow coefficient, gravitational acceleration, vertical height difference, indoor-outdoor temperature difference, and indoor absolute temperature into a unified mathematical model, the effective opening area of ​​high-level and low-level ventilation openings is accurately calculated. During the calculation, the design ventilation volume serves as the fundamental input parameter, directly related to the building's internal heat load demand, ensuring the ventilation system effectively responds to the thermal pressure difference generated by equipment waste heat. The flow coefficient corrects for energy loss during actual airflow through the ventilation openings, making the calculation results closer to the real flow state. The coupling effect of vertical height difference and temperature difference is precisely quantified, dynamically reflecting the driving force of thermal pressure ventilation through the square root term in the formula. This allows the opening area to automatically adjust with changes in building height difference and indoor-outdoor temperature difference, thereby optimizing the circulation efficiency of rising hot air and sinking cold air. This mathematical model, through the organic combination of physical constants and key parameters, ensures that the heat-driven ventilation layout can construct efficient airflow channels based on verifiable physical principles, effectively utilizing internal equipment waste heat and solar energy to improve the indoor thermal environment.

[0061] In the wind farm booster station building, based on the location of the direct solar benefit area determined by the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, high-level ventilation openings are set in the building's roof area, and low-level ventilation openings are set in the building's ground floor area. The design ventilation volume Q is obtained through a digital building performance model, and this value is determined based on the heat dissipation of the main heat-generating equipment in the booster station and indoor thermal comfort standards; flow coefficient; Based on the structural characteristics of the louvers used in the ventilation openings, the vertical height difference H was obtained through a standard table lookup method; the indoor-outdoor temperature difference was measured through architectural spatial layout measurements. and indoor absolute temperature Based on local meteorological databases and dynamic calculations of building interior heat load distribution, these parameters are substituted into the thermal pressure ventilation principle formula to calculate the effective opening area of ​​high-level and low-level ventilation openings, thereby guiding the actual size design and installation location of the ventilation openings.

[0062] This application further proposes that step S4, calculating the configuration parameters of the thermal mass material and performing integrated assembly, includes: S4.1. Based on the area and location of the transparent components in the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the location of the thermal mass material arrangement in the directly exposed area. S4.2. Based on the thermally driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, determine the additional placement positions of thermalmass material along the airflow path; S4.3. Based on the operating characteristics of the wind farm booster station and the indoor temperature fluctuation requirements, select the type and physical properties of thermalmass material; S4.4. Based on the physical property parameters and the required smooth temperature fluctuation range, calculate the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material.

[0063] The determination of the thermal mass material placement location in directly exposed areas involves positioning the material based on the area and location of transparent components in the integrated design model of the south-facing facade. This can be achieved using solar radiation path simulation software or radiation intensity distribution analysis tools, with the aim of precisely placing the material in areas directly exposed to sunlight to efficiently absorb and store radiant heat. Determining the additional placement location of the thermal mass material along the airflow path can be understood as identifying key airflow nodes based on the building's internal space heat-driven ventilation layout. This can be achieved using ventilation network topology analysis or airflow trajectory tracking methods, with the aim of embedding the material within the natural ventilation path to exchange heat with the flowing air and regulate air temperature. Selecting the type and physical properties of the thermal mass material specifically refers to selecting the material based on the operating characteristics of the wind farm's booster station and the requirements for indoor temperature fluctuations. This can be achieved using materials with different heat capacity characteristics, such as concrete, masonry, or phase change materials, with the aim of matching the material's thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity with the building's dynamic heat load characteristics. Calculating the thermal mass... The minimum effective thickness of a mass material refers to the material thickness determined based on physical properties and temperature fluctuation range. It can be achieved by numerical solution of the thermal conduction differential equation or by empirical model based on historical data. The purpose is to ensure that the material thickness is sufficient to store and release enough heat to suppress the temperature fluctuation range.

[0064] First, based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, the placement of thermal mass materials in directly exposed areas is determined, enabling the material to efficiently capture solar radiation and convert it into stored heat energy. Then, based on the building's internal thermally driven ventilation layout, additional placement locations are determined, embedding the material into the airflow channel network. Utilizing the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, the material exchanges heat with the flowing air to regulate airflow temperature. Next, considering the continuous heat generation characteristics of the wind farm's booster station equipment and indoor temperature fluctuation requirements, the material type and physical properties are selected to ensure that the material's thermal performance adapts to dynamic changes in heat load. Finally, based on the physical properties and temperature fluctuation range, the minimum effective thickness is calculated to optimize the material's thermal response capability. Each step is executed sequentially, with the output parameters of the preceding steps serving as the input for subsequent steps, forming a parameter transmission chain. This allows the thermal mass material to work synergistically in directly exposed areas and ventilation paths, jointly achieving the absorption, storage, and release of heat energy, thereby stabilizing the indoor thermal environment.

[0065] Thermal mass material can be made of concrete slabs and placed in the directly exposed area below south-facing windows, as well as at corners of ventilation ducts and near high-level ventilation openings as additional placement locations. Ordinary concrete is selected as the material type, and its physical properties such as thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat capacity are selected based on the heating characteristics of the substation equipment and the requirements for indoor temperature fluctuations. The minimum effective thickness is calculated by combining a thermal conduction model with local meteorological data.

[0066] This application further proposes that in step S4.4, the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material is calculated using the following formula:

[0067] in, This represents the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material. Indicates the thermal conductivity of a material. Indicates the thermal fluctuation period, This indicates the permissible range of indoor surface temperature fluctuations. Indicates the density of the material. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the material. This indicates the amount of solar radiation heat absorbed by the directly exposed area.

[0068] The minimum effective thickness of a thermal mass material refers to the critical material thickness that can dynamically buffer indoor temperature fluctuations. It can be achieved using concrete, masonry, or phase change materials. The purpose is to ensure that the material thickness is sufficient to absorb and release heat without wasting resources or causing insufficient buffering. The thermal conductivity of a material can be understood as a physical property that quantifies the efficiency of heat transfer in the material. Specifically, building materials with different thermal conductivity, such as aerated concrete or thermal insulation mortar, can be selected to match the thermal conductivity of the material with the intensity of the heat source input.

[0069] Thermal fluctuation cycle refers to the periodic characteristics of temperature changes, which can be set based on daily or seasonal cycles. Its purpose is to adapt the thickness design to environmental fluctuation patterns. The allowable indoor surface temperature fluctuation range refers to the boundary conditions of thermal comfort requirements. Its range can be determined according to ASHRAE standards. Its purpose is to directly relate to human thermal comfort needs. The combination of material density and specific heat capacity can be understood as a comprehensive characterization of the material's heat storage capacity. It can be obtained based on the physical properties of the selected material. Its purpose is to accurately assess the heat capacity to optimize the thickness. The solar radiation heat absorbed by the directly exposed area refers to the core input parameter of solar thermal load. It can be calculated by combining meteorological databases with building orientation. Its purpose is to ensure that the thickness design closely matches the actual solar energy utilization scenario.

[0070] Specifically, by integrating material thermophysical parameters, environmental thermal fluctuation characteristics, and design objectives, a dynamic calculation model for the minimum effective thickness was established. In the formula, thermal conductivity... With thermal fluctuation cycle Together, they determine the depth of heat diffusion in the material and the allowable temperature fluctuation range. Design boundary conditions were set, including material density. and specific heat capacity The product of these two values ​​reflects the heat capacity characteristics, specifically the solar radiation heat. The thermal mass material acts as a heat source input, driving the entire calculation process. These parameters are interconnected and dynamically balanced through square root relationships, ensuring that under the specific operating conditions of the wind farm substation, the thermal mass material thickness can effectively absorb solar heat and smooth temperature fluctuations, thereby avoiding heat transfer imbalances or insufficient buffering caused by unreasonable thickness.

[0071] This application further proposes that step S5, which involves establishing a digital model of building performance and performing multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization, includes: S5.1. Integrate the following parameters to establish a digital model of building performance: building orientation angle, building aspect ratio constraint, window-to-wall area ratio, window size and distribution, adjustable external shading device model parameters, airflow channel network topology, effective opening area of ​​ventilation openings, thermal mass material layout location and minimum effective thickness. S5.2 Set evaluation indicators for multi-objective performance simulation. The evaluation indicators include annual heating energy consumption, annual cooling energy consumption, and the number of hours when indoor thermal comfort does not meet the standards. S5.3 Run the digital model of building performance to obtain the initial performance simulation results; S5.4 Determine whether the initial performance simulation results simultaneously meet the preset thresholds of all evaluation indicators; S5.5 When the judgment is negative, start the optimization algorithm, automatically adjust the window-to-wall area ratio and ventilation opening area, generate new design parameters and re-perform performance simulation; S5.6 When the judgment is yes, output the current design parameters as the final design scheme.

[0072] In practical applications, a digital building performance model refers to a virtual simulation platform that integrates multi-dimensional building design parameters. It can be constructed using building energy consumption simulation software such as EnergyPlus or TRNSYS, aiming to accurately reproduce the building's thermal response characteristics under different meteorological conditions. The evaluation indicators of multi-objective performance simulation can be understood as a benchmark system for quantifying the comprehensive performance of a building. Specifically, it can be defined according to ASHRAE Standard 55 as the number of hours of thermal comfort non-compliance, aiming to simultaneously assess the balance between energy efficiency and human comfort. Specifically, the optimization algorithm refers to a mathematical method that can automatically search for Pareto optimal solutions. It can be implemented using multi-objective genetic algorithms or simulated annealing algorithms, aiming to efficiently coordinate conflicting performance objectives. Furthermore, the automatic adjustment mechanism is specifically the control logic for dynamic parameter optimization, for example, implemented by calling the simulation software interface through scripts, aiming to reduce manual intervention and improve the systematic nature of the optimization process.

[0073] This application's solution integrates key parameters such as building orientation angle and window-to-wall area ratio generated in the early design stages into a digital model, constructing a complete building performance simulation environment. Based on this, it sets annual heating energy consumption, cooling energy consumption, and the number of hours indoor thermal comfort fails to meet standards as multi-dimensional evaluation indicators, ensuring that the simulation results comprehensively reflect the building's overall performance in actual operation. After obtaining initial simulation results, the model uses a comprehensive judgment mechanism with preset thresholds to ensure that the design scheme achieves a balance between energy consumption and comfort. When the results do not meet the thresholds, the optimization algorithm automatically adjusts variable parameters such as the window-to-wall area ratio and ventilation area, forming a closed-loop optimization process, effectively avoiding local optimization defects caused by manual trial and error. Finally, when all indicators simultaneously meet the requirements, the design scheme is output, ensuring the coordinated optimization of energy utilization and the thermal environment.

[0074] More specifically, EnergyPlus software is used to establish a digital model of building performance, integrating parameters such as building orientation angle and window-to-wall area ratio generated in the previous steps; when setting evaluation indicators, the number of hours of indoor thermal comfort failure is defined according to ASHRAE Standard 55; after running the model to obtain initial results, if it is found that the heating energy consumption is too high and the thermal comfort is insufficient, the optimization algorithm automatically fine-tunes the window-to-wall area ratio and ventilation opening size, and through multiple iterations, the design scheme can simultaneously meet the requirements of low energy consumption and high comfort.

[0075] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for architectural space design of a wind farm booster station based on solar energy utilization, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Based on the geographical coordinates of the wind farm booster station and a pre-set meteorological database, generate building orientation and shape optimization parameters; S2. Based on the building orientation and shape optimization parameters, construct an integrated design model of the south facade of the wind farm booster station building; S3. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the internal heat load distribution, generate the heat-driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space; S4. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade and the thermally driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, calculate the configuration parameters of the thermal mass material and perform integrated design. S5. Establish a digital model of building performance and conduct multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization until the final design scheme is output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the generation of building orientation and shape optimization parameters includes: S1.1 Obtain the geographical coordinates of the wind farm booster station building, and extract the annual solar radiation data and prevailing wind direction data of the geographical coordinates from the preset meteorological database; S1.2 Based on the annual solar radiation data, with the goal of maximizing the total solar radiation during the winter heating season, calculate the optimal orientation angle of the building's south-facing facade, where the optimal orientation angle is the angle relative to due south. S1.3 Determine whether the angle between the optimal orientation angle and the prevailing wind direction is less than 45 degrees; S1.4 When the included angle is less than 45 degrees, the optimal orientation angle is corrected with the goal of reducing the cold wind infiltration load in winter, and the corrected building orientation angle is generated. S1.

5. Based on the building orientation angle, generate the building aspect ratio constraint.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the integrated design model of the south facade of the wind farm booster station building includes: S2.

1. Based on the building orientation and shape optimization parameters, determine the area ratio of transparent to non-transparent components on the south-facing facade; S2.

2. Based on the area ratio and the preset heat transfer coefficient threshold, select multi-layer hollow Low-E glass as the transparent component; S2.3 Based on the annual solar radiation data, the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade is calculated. S2.

4. Based on the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range, generate the specific dimensions and distribution locations of the windows; S2.

5. Construct a model of an adjustable external shading device that is linked to the window.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.3, the optimal window-to-wall area ratio range for the south-facing facade is calculated iteratively using the following formula: Where WWR represents the window-to-wall area ratio, This represents the area of ​​the i-th window. This indicates the total area of ​​the south-facing facade. Indicates the total number of windows; Furthermore, the range of values ​​for WWR is constrained by an energy balance equation, which is: in, This indicates the amount of heat gained from solar radiation in winter. Indicates building heat loss during winter. This represents the minimum net heat gain required in winter. This indicates the heat gained from solar radiation in summer. It indicates the maximum permissible heat gain in summer.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2.5, the adjustment logic of the adjustable external shading device model is specifically as follows: Based on seasonal variations in solar altitude angle, summer and winter patterns are distinguished. When in summer mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to descend until it completely blocks the upper third of the window area; When in winter mode, control the adjustable external sunshade to rise to the fully retracted state.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, generating the building's interior space heat-driven ventilation layout includes: S3.1 Identify the main heat-generating equipment rooms inside the wind farm substation building and define the main heat-generating equipment rooms as auxiliary heat sources; S3.

2. Based on the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the direct solar energy benefit area inside the building; S3.3 Construct an airflow channel network connecting the solar energy direct benefit area, the auxiliary heat source, and the rooms in the north area of ​​the building; S3.

4. High-level ventilation openings and low-level ventilation openings shall be provided at the highest and lowest points of the airflow channel network, respectively. S3.

5. Based on the principle of thermal pressure ventilation, calculate and determine the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3.5, the thermo-pressure ventilation principle formula upon which the effective opening area of ​​the high-level vent and the low-level vent is calculated and determined is as follows: in, This indicates the effective opening area of ​​the high-level ventilation opening or the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the design ventilation volume. Represents the flow coefficient. Represents gravitational acceleration. This indicates the vertical height difference between the high-level ventilation opening and the low-level ventilation opening. Indicates the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor air. This indicates the absolute temperature of indoor air.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, calculating the configuration parameters of the thermal mass material and performing integrated processing includes: S4.

1. Based on the area and location of the transparent components in the integrated design model of the south-facing facade, determine the location of the thermal mass material arrangement in the directly exposed area. S4.

2. Based on the thermally driven ventilation layout of the building's interior space, determine the additional placement positions of thermal mass materials along the airflow path; S4.

3. Based on the operating characteristics of the wind farm booster station and the indoor temperature fluctuation requirements, select the type and physical properties of the thermal mass material; S4.

4. Based on the physical property parameters and the required smooth temperature fluctuation range, calculate the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4.4, the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the minimum effective thickness of the thermal mass material. Indicates the thermal conductivity of a material. Indicates the thermal fluctuation period, This indicates the permissible range of indoor surface temperature fluctuations. Indicates the density of the material. Indicates the specific heat capacity of the material. This indicates the amount of solar radiation heat absorbed by the directly exposed area.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, establishing a digital model of building performance and performing multi-objective performance simulation and iterative optimization includes: S5.

1. Integrate the following parameters to establish the digital model of the building performance: building orientation angle, building length-to-width ratio constraint, window-to-wall area ratio, window size and distribution location, adjustable external shading device model parameters, airflow channel network topology, effective opening area of ​​ventilation openings, thermal mass material layout location and minimum effective thickness; S5.2 Set evaluation indicators for multi-objective performance simulation, including annual heating energy consumption, annual cooling energy consumption and number of hours when indoor thermal comfort does not meet the standard; S5.3 Run the digital model of building performance to obtain the initial performance simulation results; S5.4 Determine whether the initial performance simulation results simultaneously meet the preset thresholds of all the evaluation indicators; S5.5 When the judgment is negative, start the optimization algorithm, automatically adjust the window-to-wall area ratio and ventilation opening area, generate new design parameters and re-perform performance simulation; S5.6 When the determination is yes, output the current design parameters as the final design scheme.

Images