Agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plant, method for improving abiotic stress tolerance, preparation for improving abiotic stress tolerance, product for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and plant

Abstract

Provided is an agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, said agent being capable of further improving the effect of improving abiotic stress tolerance using a compound such as ergothioneine. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance of plants according to the present invention comprises: a first component that is a compound represented by formula (I), a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof; and at least one second component selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2-10 amino acids, a betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol. (In formula (I), R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and R3, R4, and R5 independently represent an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms)

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to agents that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress, methods for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, preparations for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, products for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, and plants. Background Technology

[0002] Methods for alleviating abiotic stresses, promoting plant growth, and increasing yields by applying pesticides have been studied. For example, Patent Document 1 describes the following: Glycine betaine has the effect of alleviating stress caused by insufficient irrigation of plants.

[0003] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes the following: if an aqueous solution of ergothioneine is applied to germinating plants, the plant height increases, the number of flowers and fruits increases, and the seed yield also increases.

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Patent documents

[0006] Patent Document 1: International Publication No. 96 / 014749

[0007] Patent Document 2: International Publication No. 2021 / 005970 Summary of the Invention

[0008] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0009] Abiotic stress is considered to severely hinder the realization of a plant's potential productivity. Therefore, by applying biostimulants that eliminate abiotic stress, a dramatic increase in plant productivity can be expected.

[0010] The compounds such as ergothioneine described in Patent Document 2 have effects such as increasing yield, plant height, seeds, flowers, fruits, and fruit quantity. Therefore, these compounds are considered to be highly promising first-in-class components for plants. On the other hand, there is also a need to discover methods to further improve the abiotic stress tolerance effect achieved by these compounds, thereby further improving the yield reduction caused by abiotic stress.

[0011] The present invention was made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer for plants that can further enhance the abiotic stress tolerance using compounds such as ergothioneine, a method for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, a formulation and product for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance containing the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, and plants treated with the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer.

[0012] Solution for solving the problem

[0013] One embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems relates to the following [1] to [9]: a plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, a method for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance, an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer preparation, an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer product, and a plant.

[0014] [1] A plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, the plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer comprising:

[0015] The first component is a compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; and

[0016] The second component is selected from at least one of the following groups: amino acids, peptides of two or more but less than ten amino acids in length, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols.

[0017] [Chemical Formula 1]

[0018]

[0019] (In formula (I), R) 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 (Independently representing alkyl groups with 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms)

[0020] [2] According to the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer described in [1], wherein,

[0021] The compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine.

[0022] [3] According to the non-biological stress tolerance enhancer described in [1] or [2], wherein,

[0023] The plant's tolerance to abiotic stress is improved by applying the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer to the plant. The abiotic stress is selected from at least one group consisting of high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excessive nutrient stress, dryness stress, excessive water stress, ultraviolet stress, low light stress, strong light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress.

[0024] [4] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein,

[0025] The plant's tolerance to abiotic stress is improved by applying the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer to the plant, wherein the abiotic stress is at least one selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, ultraviolet stress, and excessive water stress.

[0026] [5] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein,

[0027] The second component contains amino acids.

[0028] The amino acid in question is either glutamic acid or arginine.

[0029] [6] A method for improving the tolerance of abiotic stress to plants, the method comprising the following steps:

[0030] Prepare the plants; and

[0031] The plant was treated with an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of [1] to [5].

[0032] [7] A preparation for improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, the preparation comprising:

[0033] The first component is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof;

[0034] The second component is selected from at least one of the following groups: amino acids, peptides of two to ten amino acid lengths, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols; and

[0035] Liquid carrier or solid carrier.

[0036] [Chemical Formula 2]

[0037]

[0038] (In formula (I), R) 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 (Independently representing alkyl groups with 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms)

[0039] [8] A product for improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, the product for improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress having:

[0040] A first container containing a first component, the first component being a compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; and

[0041] The second container contains a second component, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides of two or more but less than ten amino acids in length, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols.

[0042] [Chemical Formula 3]

[0043]

[0044] (In formula (I), R) 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 (Independently representing alkyl groups with 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms)

[0045] [9] A plant grown by applying an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of [1] to [5].

[0046] Invention Effects

[0047] According to the present invention, an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer for plants that can further enhance abiotic stress tolerance using compounds such as ergothioneine is provided; a method for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance using the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer; a formulation and product for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance containing the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer; and plants treated with the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer. Detailed Implementation

[0048] One embodiment of the present invention relates to a plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, the plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer comprising: a first component, the first component being a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; and a second component, the second component being at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides of two or more but less than 10 amino acid lengths, betaine, organic acids or salts thereof, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols.

[0049] [First component]

[0050] The first component is a compound represented by formula (I) below, or its tautomers, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof. An abiotic stress tolerance enhancer may contain only one first component or may contain multiple first components.

[0051] [Chemical Formula 4]

[0052]

[0053] In equation (I), R 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 Alkyl groups are independently represented by having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms.

[0054] R 1 ~R 5 The alkyl group can be either straight-chain or branched. 1 ~R 5 Examples of desirable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl.

[0055] Preferred R 1 and R 2 At least one of them is a hydrogen atom, more preferably R 1 and R 2 All are hydrogen atoms. In R 1 and R 2 When the alkyl group is used, it is preferably methyl, ethyl or propyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and even more preferably methyl.

[0056] R 3 R 4 and R 5 Preferably, it is methyl, ethyl, or propyl, more preferably methyl or ethyl, and even more preferably methyl. R is preferred. 3 R 4 and R 5 At least one of them is methyl, more preferably R 3 R 4 and R 5 At least two of them are methyl groups, and R is even more preferred. 3 R 4 and R 5 All are methyl groups.

[0057] In R 1 and R 2 When at least one of the atoms in R is a hydrogen atom, the compound shown in formula (I) has tautomerism. More specifically, in R 2 When the atom is hydrogen, the compound shown in formula (I) has the following compound shown in formula (II) as a tautomer. Furthermore, in R... 1When the atom is hydrogen, the compound shown in formula (I) has the following compound shown in formula (III) as a tautomer. It should be noted that, in this specification, when referred to simply as "tautomer", it refers to both the compound shown in formula (II) and the compound shown in formula (III).

[0058] [Chemical Formula 5]

[0059]

[0060] In equations (II) and (III), R 1 ~R 5 With R in equation (I) 1 ~R 5 same.

[0061] Typically, in solution, the compound represented by formula (I) can exist in equilibrium with the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III). The ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) to the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III) can vary depending on factors such as solvent, temperature, or pH.

[0062] The compound represented by formula (I) or its tautomer is preferably ergothioneine, more preferably L-(+)-ergothioneine.

[0063] These compounds can be commercially available or synthesized using techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2013-506706 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-160748. Furthermore, ergothioneine is known to be produced by bacteria and fungi. Examples of production methods using such microorganisms include those described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-105618, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-223051, International Publication No. 2016 / 104437, International Publication No. 2016 / 121285, International Publication No. 2015 / 168112, and International Publication No. 2017 / 150304. Ergothioneine can be used as a culture containing ergothioneine obtained from these microorganisms, or it can be obtained by concentrating or purifying the aforementioned culture.

[0064] "Agronomically permissible" means that it is safe, non-toxic, and will not produce any unintended adverse effects in a biological or other sense, and is permissible for use as a pesticide, especially as a pesticide to improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.

[0065] The term "agronomically permissible salt" for the compound or its tautomers represented by formula (I) refers to an agronomically permissible salt as defined above, which is a salt that produces the effects and functions of the compound or its tautomers represented by formula (I). Examples of such salts include hydrates, solvates, acid addition salts, salts formed by the substitution of a proton in the compound or its tautomers represented by formula (I) with a metal ion, and salts formed by coordination of the aforementioned proton with an organic or inorganic base.

[0066] Acid addition salts can form with both inorganic and organic acids. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. Examples of organic acids include acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheponic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucoconic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trimethylacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0067] Examples of metal ions that can be substituted with acidic protons present in the compound shown in formula (I) or its tautomers include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and aluminum ions.

[0068] Examples of organic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound shown in formula (I) or its tautomers include diethanolamine, ethanolamine, N-methylglucosamine, triethanolamine, and tromethamine. Examples of inorganic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound shown in formula (I) or its tautomers include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide.

[0069] The first component mentioned above is believed to function as a so-called biotic growth promoter (abiotic stress tolerance enhancer) that promotes plant growth or alleviates abiotic stress.

[0070] [Second component]

[0071] The second component is at least one component selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides with a length of two to ten amino acids, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols. These second components, through a synergistic effect with the first component, significantly enhance the plant's tolerance to abiotic stress. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one second component or may contain multiple second components.

[0072] Amino acids can be any of the following: acidic, neutral, and basic. Furthermore, amino acids can be polar or nonpolar. Additionally, amino acids may contain sulfur.

[0073] Examples of amino acids include glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, serine, glutamine, asparagine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, cysteine, methionine, and ornithine. Among these, glutamic acid and arginine are preferred. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one amino acid or multiple amino acids.

[0074] A peptide is a peptide having a length of 2 or more but less than 10 amino acids, preferably a peptide having a length of 2 or more but less than 6 amino acids. The peptide is preferably glutathione, such as oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one peptide or may contain multiple peptides.

[0075] Betaine is preferably an N-alkyl-substituted derivative of an amino acid, more preferably an N-trialkyl-substituted derivative of an amino acid, and even more preferably an N-trimethyl-substituted derivative of an amino acid. Examples of betaine include N-alkyl-substituted derivatives, preferably N-trialkyl-substituted derivatives, more preferably N-trimethyl-substituted derivatives, of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, serine, glutamine, asparagine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, cysteine, methionine, and ornithine, as well as carnitine. Preferred examples of betaine include glycine betaine, alanine betaine, and glutamic acid betaine. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one type of betaine or multiple types of betaine.

[0076] Examples of organic acids include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phenols, and thiols. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one organic acid or multiple organic acids.

[0077] The number of carbon atoms in a carboxylic acid is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 6 or less. The carboxylic acid can be a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, or a tricarboxylic acid. Specific examples of carboxylic acids include lactic acid, glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, pyruvic acid, and benzoic acid. Among these, acetic acid, citric acid, and maleic acid are preferred.

[0078] Examples of phenols include phenol and aminophenol.

[0079] Examples of sulfonic acids include methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, pentasulfonic acid, hexanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and toluenesulfonic acid.

[0080] Examples of salts of organic acids include alkali metal salts such as sodium and lithium salts of the aforementioned organic acids, as well as alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium and calcium salts.

[0081] From the viewpoint of improving the synergistic effect with the first component, the organic acid or its salt is preferably a carboxylic acid or its salt, more preferably a carboxylic acid or its salt with 1 or more but less than 10 carbon atoms, and even more preferably acetic acid, citric acid or maleic acid or its salt.

[0082] Nucleic acid bases refer to the bases contained in the nucleotide molecules that make up deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Examples of nucleic acid bases include guanine, thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine. Among these, guanine, thymine, and uracil are preferred. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers may contain only one type of nucleic acid base or multiple types.

[0083] Vitamins can be fat-soluble or water-soluble. Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers can contain only one vitamin or multiple vitamins. When containing multiple vitamins, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer can contain only multiple fat-soluble vitamins, only multiple water-soluble vitamins, or both.

[0084] Examples of fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. Examples of vitamin D include vitamins D2, D3, and D4. In addition, examples of water-soluble vitamins include B vitamins (such as B1, B2, B6, and B12) and vitamins C. Among these, vitamins B1 and D2 are preferred.

[0085] Sugars can be monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Examples of disaccharides include trehalose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Examples of polysaccharides include cellulose and starch.

[0086] Examples of sugar alcohols include mannitol, inositol, erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol.

[0087] [Increased tolerance to abiotic stress]

[0088] The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer involved in this implementation significantly improves plant tolerance to abiotic stresses through the synergistic effect of its first and second components, which are the active ingredients. Abiotic stresses refer to non-biotic stresses that differ from biotic stresses such as pests, diseases, weeds, and thinning. Examples of abiotic stresses include high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excessive nutrient stress, drought stress, excessive water stress, ultraviolet radiation stress, low light stress, high light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer improves the tolerance of treated plants to these abiotic stresses, such as high temperature stress.

[0089] In addition, the aforementioned abiotic stress tolerance enhancers can also inhibit the reduction in plant yield caused by abiotic stress, or inhibit the reduction in plant height, the reduction in plant height growth rate, or the reduction in flower number caused by environmental stress, or the reduction in aboveground and underground weight, by improving tolerance to abiotic stress.

[0090] The aforementioned abiotic stress tolerance enhancers can also be used to treat any plant. Examples of plants include: grasses such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticose, corn, sorghum, sugarcane, zoysia grass, creeping bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass; legumes such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, red bean, and alfalfa; Convolvulaceae such as sweet potato; Solanaceae such as red pepper, bell pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, and tobacco; Polygonaceae such as buckwheat; Asteraceae such as sunflower; Araliaceae such as ginseng; Brassicaceae such as rapeseed, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, arugula, radish, and radish; Chenopodiaceae such as beet; Malvaceae such as cotton; and madder such as coffee trees. Herbaceous plants; Sterculiaceae (such as cocoa trees); Theaceae (such as tea trees); Cucurbitaceae (such as watermelon, melon, cucumber, and pumpkin); Liliaceae (such as onions, scallions, and garlic); Rosaceae (such as strawberries, apples, almonds, apricots, plums, cherries, prunes, peaches, and pears); Apiaceae (such as carrots); Taroaceae (such as taro); Anacardiaceae (such as mangoes); Bromeliaceae (such as pineapples); Papayaaceae (such as papayas); Ebenaceae (such as persimmons); Ericaceae (such as blueberries); Juglandaceae (such as hickory nuts); Musaceae (such as bananas); Oleaceae (such as olives); Palmaceae (such as coconuts and dates); Rutaceae (such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, and lemons); Vitaceae (such as grapes); Herbaceous flowers (flowers and ornamental plants), trees other than fruit trees, and other ornamental plants.

[0091] Furthermore, the aforementioned plants can also be any of the following: wild plants, cultivated varieties, plants and cultivated varieties obtained through existing biological breeding methods such as crossbreeding or protoplasmic fusion, and transgenic plants and cultivated varieties obtained through gene editing. Examples of transgenic plants and cultivated varieties obtained through gene editing include herbicide-tolerant crops, insect-resistant crops integrated with genes that produce insecticidal proteins, disease-resistant crops integrated with genes that produce genes that induce resistance to diseases, flavor-improving crops, yield-enhancing crops, preservation-enhancing crops, and yield-enhancing crops. Examples of transgenic plant cultivated varieties recognized in various countries include various varieties stored in the database of the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA). Specifically, this includes the following registered trademarks: AgriSure, AgriSure 3000GT, AgriSure 3122 EZ Refuge, AgriSure 3122 Refuge Renew, AgriSure Artesian 3030A, AgriSure Artesian 3011A, AgriSure Duracade, AgriSure Duracade 5222 EZ Refuge, AgriSure GT, AgriSure GT / CB / LL, AgriSure RW, AgriSureViptera 3110, AgriSure Viptera 3111, AgriSure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge, AgriSureViptera 3220 Refuge Renew, BiteGard, Bolgard, Bolgard II, Bolgard II / RoundupReady, Bolgard 3 XtendFlex Cotton, Bolgard Cotton, Bollgard / Roundup ReadyCotton, Bt, Bt / BXN Cotton, BtMaize, BtXtra, BXN, BXN Canola, BXN Cotton, Clearfield, DroughtGard, Enlist, Enlist Cotton, Enlist WideStrike 3 Cotton, Genuity, Genuity Bollgard II XtendFlex, Genuity Intacta RR2 Pro, GenuitySmartStax, GenuitySmartStax RIB Complete, Genuity VT DoublePro, Genuity VTDouble Pro RIB Complete, Genuity VT Triple Pro, Genuity VT Triple Pro RIBComplete, GlyTol, GlyTol Cotton, Herculex, Herculex 1, Herculex RW, Herculex XTRA, IMI, IMI Canola, InVigor, KnockOut, Liberty Link, Liberty Link Conola, Liberty Linkcotton, NatureGard, Newleaf, Nucotn, Optimum, Optimum AcreMax, Optimum AcreMax I, Optimum AcreMax-R, Optimum AcreMax RW, Optimum AcreMax RW-R, Optimum AcreMaxXtra-R, Optimum AcreMax Xtreme-R, Optimum AcreMax Xtreme, Optimum Intrasect, Optimum Intrasect Xtra, Optimum Intrasect Xtreme, Optimum Leptra, OptimumTRIsect, Poast Compatible, Powercore, Powercore Corn, Powercore Corn RefugeAdvanced, Protecta, Roundup Ready, Roundup Ready 2, Roundup Ready Conola, RoundupReady Cotton, Roundup Ready Xtend, Roundup Ready / YieldGard, RR Flex / Bollgard II, SCS, SmartStax, SmartStax Refuge Advanced, StarLink, Twinlink, VipCot, VipCotCotton, WideStrike, WideStrike3, YieldGard, YieldGard Corn Borner, YieldGardRootworm, YieldGard Plus, and YieldGard VT Triple, etc.

[0092] [Other ingredients]

[0093] Regarding the first and second components mentioned above, these components can be included as active ingredients and further marketed in various dosage forms together with other excipients or other active ingredients. The active ingredients can be formulated on their own or together with other excipients or other active ingredients in various dosage forms. Dosage forms are not particularly limited and can be selected according to the processing method. Examples of dosage forms include powders, granules, wettable powders, water-soluble formulations, emulsions, liquids, oils, aerosols, microcapsules, pastes, coatings, fumigants, fumigants, and microdispersible agents, etc.

[0094] (Extraneous agents)

[0095] The examples of the above-mentioned auxiliary agents include carriers, surfactants, and other auxiliary agents.

[0096] The aforementioned carrier can be a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.

[0097] Examples of solid carriers include various powdered and granular carriers, such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, pyrophyllite, acid clay, activated clay, attapulgite, and attapulgite clay. Minerals such as clay, limestone, calcite, marble, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica, silica sand, sericite, and pottery stone; synthetic organic compounds such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, slaked lime, and sodium bicarbonate; synthetic inorganic compounds such as amorphous silica (white carbon black, fumed silica, etc.) and titanium dioxide; plant-based carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cob), walnut shells (nut shells), fruit kernels, rice husks, coconut shells, sawdust, bran, soybean flour, powdered cellulose, starch, dextrin, and sugars (lactose, sucrose, etc.); and various polymeric carriers such as cross-linked lignin, cationic gels, gelatin gelled by heating or polyvalent metal salts, water-soluble polymeric gels (agar, etc.), chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, and urea / aldehyde resins.

[0098] Examples of liquid carriers include: aliphatic solvents such as paraffins (n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes); aromatic solvents such as xylene, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, and solvent naphtha; mixed solvents such as kerosene; machine oils such as purified high-boiling-point aliphatic hydrocarbons; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol; polyols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexanediol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol; polyol derivatives such as propylene glycol ethers; acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, and... Ketones such as γ-butyrolactone; esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (coconut oil fatty acid methyl ester), ethylhexyl lactate, propylene carbonate, and dicarboxylic acid methyl esters (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutamate, dimethyl adipate); nitrogen-containing solvents such as N-alkylpyrrolidones and acetonitrile; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; oils such as coconut oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil; amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctamide, N,N-dimethyldecylamide, methyl 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxovalerate, and N-acylmorpholine solvents (CAS No. 887947-29-7, etc.); and water, etc.

[0099] The surfactants mentioned above can be various surfactants such as nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, organosilicon surfactants, fluorinated surfactants, and biosurfactants.

[0100] Examples of the aforementioned nonionic surfactants include: sorbitol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formaldehyde condensates, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymers, alkyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, alkylphenyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene benzylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene styrene phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, and alkylglycosides, etc.

[0101] Examples of the aforementioned anionic surfactants include: alkyl sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfates, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfates, and sulfates of polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymers; paraffin (alkane) sulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, dialkyl sulfosuccinates, alkylbenzene sulfonates, mono- or dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonate / formaldehyde condensates, alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonates, and wood... Sulfonates such as polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfonates and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinate half esters; carboxylates such as fatty acids, resin acids, polycarboxylic acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkenyl succinic acids, N-acyl amino acids and cycloalkanoic acids; and phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkylphenyl ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl)phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether phosphates, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphates and alkyl phosphates.

[0102] Examples of the above-mentioned cationic surfactants include salts of amines such as alkylamines and alkylpentamethylpropanediamine; and salts of ammonium such as alkyltrimethylammonium, methylpolyoxyethylene alkylammonium, alkylpyridinium, monoalkylmethylammonium or dialkylmethylammonium, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium and benzylammonium (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium).

[0103] Examples of the aforementioned amphoteric surfactants include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine, alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine, and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.).

[0104] Examples of organosilicon surfactants mentioned above include trisiloxane ethoxylate, etc.

[0105] Examples of fluorinated surfactants mentioned above include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl trimethylammonium salts.

[0106] Examples of the aforementioned biosurfactants include sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, trehalolipids, mannitol lipids, cellobiose lipids, glucose lipids, oligosaccharide esters of fatty acids, penicillic acid, corynomycolic acid, agaritinic acid, surfactants, serrawettin, viscosin, lichenysin, arthrofactin, emulsifiers, and arasan.

[0107] Other examples of excipients include: inorganic salts (sodium, potassium, etc.) used as pH adjusters; water-soluble salts such as table salt; thickeners such as xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, water-soluble polymers (polysaccharides, etc.), alginic acid and its salts; disintegrants such as metal stearate salts, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate; and preservatives such as benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, propionic acid and its salts, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and 1,2-benzothiazolin-3-one. Sodium polyphosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium citrate, sodium gluconate / glucose-heptanoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its disodium or ammonium salts, etc., used as supplements; pigments and dyes, etc., used as colorants; fluorinated defoamers, silicone defoamers, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, etc., used as defoamers; phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, sulfur antioxidants, phosphate antioxidants, etc., used as antioxidants; salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, etc., used as ultraviolet absorbers; quicklime, magnesium oxide, etc., used as desiccants; as well as spreading agents and pesticide damage mitigators, etc.

[0108] (Other active ingredients)

[0109] Other examples of active ingredients include those found in bio-growth promoters, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, and herbicides. It should be noted that combining other bio-growth promoters with the first and second ingredients mentioned above can further enhance tolerance to abiotic stress or further improve growth-promoting effects.

[0110] Examples of the aforementioned biological growth promoters include seaweed extracts, corn extracts, microalgae, mycorrhizal fungi, humic acid, fulvic acid, oxidized glutathione, L-proline, glycine betaine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-hexenal, trehalose, silicic acid, nicotinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.

[0111] Examples of plant growth regulators mentioned above include aminoethoxyvinylglycine, chlormequat chloride, chlorfenapyridine, cyclopropionic acid amide, furfurylic acid, butyrylhydrazine, ethephon, furazolidone, flubendioxonil, chlorpyrifos, gibberellin, mepiquat chloride, methylcyclopropene, benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, cyclopropionic acid, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphate, anti-loosening ester, uniconazole, sodium 1-naphthacetate, 1-naphthylacetamide, 1-methylcyclopropene, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPB (ethyl 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyrate), isoprothiolane, indolebutyric acid, indole-3-methylpropene, calcium formate, chlormequat chloride, choline, cyanamide, dichlorpropanol, decanol, and sorbitan trioleate. Triole, nicosulfuron, basilyl, butralin, prohydrojasmon, anisiflupurin, and pendimethalin, etc.

[0112] Examples of the aforementioned fungicides include nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism inhibitors, fungicides that act on cytoskeleton and motor proteins, respiration inhibitors, amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function inhibitors, cell membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, host plant resistance inducers, multi-site-of-action fungicides, and biopesticides / biologically derived pesticides with multiple mechanisms of action.

[0113] Specifically, examples of the aforementioned nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism inhibitors include benzalkonium chloride, kiralaxyl, furazolidone, metalaxyl, mefenoxam, furazolidone, oxazolidone, bromelain, dimethoprim, ethirimol, oxazolidone, octathione, and oxaquine, etc.

[0114] Examples of fungicides that act on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins include benomyl, carbendazim, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiophanate-methyl, ethionil, thiamethoxam, pendimethalin, benomyl, fluopyram, fluopyram, cyazofamid, benomyl, and pyriofenone.

[0115] Examples of respiratory depressants mentioned above include diflubenzuron, quinfenoxam, oxadiazon, benzovindiflupyr, benzovindiflupyr, bifenazate, cyazofamid, thiamethoxam, fenuram, flubenneteram, fluindapyr, fluopyram, flubafenoxam, fluopyram, indapoxam, isoprothiolane, isoprothiolane-fluopyram, pyraclostrobin, oxychlorpyrifos, fluopyram, fluopyram, fluopyram, pyridaben, pyridaben, fluopyram, fluopyram, pyridabenyl hydroxylamine, pyridabenamide, bifenpyrazanil, fluopyram, thifluzamide, azoxystrobin, eugenol, fenpyroxime, enestrobin, enoxastrone (obin), oxadiazon, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, flufenoxystrobin, flupyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin, tolufenoxystrobin, fenoxystrobin, tetrazalazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, oxadiazon, azoxystrobin, pyribencarb, chlorpyrifos, azoxystrobin, indazolesulfonamide, cyazofamid, pyridaben, florylpicoxamid, metarylpicoxamid, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, silthiamethoxam, and azoxystrobin, etc.

[0116] Examples of the aforementioned amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors include pyrimethanil, pyrimethanil, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline.

[0117] Examples of the aforementioned signal transduction inhibitors include proquinazid, fenofibrate, flufenoxuron, ethoxysulfuron, sclerotinib, cyprodinil, iprodione, procymidone, and ethylene sclerotinib.

[0118] Examples of the aforementioned inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function include dichlorvos (EDDP), isoprothiolane (IBP), isoprothiolane, difenoconazole, biphenyl, chloroanisole, chloronitrobenzin (CNA), terbufos, pentachloronitrobenzin (PCNB), tetrachloronitrobenzin (TCNB), methyl thiophanate, iodocarb, cymoxanil, thiophanate-methyl, extracts of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea oil tree), mixtures of plant oils (eugenol, geraniol, thymol), natamycin (pimmicin), fluoxapiprolin, and fluthiazopyrone, etc.

[0119] Examples of cell membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors mentioned above include azaconazole, bifenthrin, furazolidone, cyclohexazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, fluconazole, eticonazole, cyproconazole, fluoxytioconazole, fluquinazole, flusilazole, fenazol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imidacloprid, tebuconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, chlorfenapyr, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, oxpoconazole, isoprothiolane, tebuconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, thiophanate-methyl, tebuconazole, tetraflufenazole, triadimefon, triadimefon, fluconazole, styraconazole, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos, pyridaben, pyridaben, pyrazosulfanilamide, methyl(2RS)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-) [Chlorophenoxy]phenyl-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propionate, 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methylcyclopentan-1-ol, 2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methylcyclopentan-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester, aldimorph, dodecyl morpholine, butyl morpholine, tridecyl morpholine, benzyl benzoate, piperazine, spiroxamine, fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine, barnyardgrass, naftifine, and terbinafine, etc.

[0120] Examples of cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors mentioned above include polyoxin, benzimidazole (benzimidazole isopropyl ester), dimethomorph, flumorph, valamid, dimethomorph, buprofen, and valamid.

[0121] Examples of melanin biosynthesis inhibitors mentioned above include isoprothiolane, quinolones, tricyclazole, cyprothiophanate-methyl, cyhalothrin, cyazofamid, and tolprocarb.

[0122] Examples of resistance inducers for the aforementioned host plants include acibenzolar-S-methyl, allylbenzylthiazole, tiadinil, isothiazine, laminarin, Polygonum cuspidatum extract, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAS117 strain, ethphosphonic acid (aluminum ethphosphonate, potassium ethphosphonate, sodium ethphosphonate), phosphoric acid, phosphates, and dichlobentiazox.

[0123] Examples of multi-point action fungicides include ferrous sulfate, mancozeb, mancozeb, mancozeb, propineb, thiram, thiamethoxam, zinc thiamethoxam, zinc thiocyanate, zinc thiram, mancozeb, dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, dichlofluanid, toluenesulfonamide, biguanide octylamine, biguanide octylamine acetate, biguanide octylamine benzene sulfonate, copper or various copper salts (e.g., basic copper chloride, copper hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, copper sulfate, organic copper (hydroxyquinoline copper), nonylphenol sulfonate copper, DBEDC, etc.), sulfur, captan, chlorothalonil, thiophanate-methyl, TPN (chlorothalonil), quinoxaline ring system (methamidophos), fluoxetine, and sulfadiazine, etc.

[0124] Examples of biopesticides / bio-derived pesticides with multiple mechanisms of action include Bacillus subtilis strain AFS032321, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MBI600, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727, Alternaria alternata strain CR-7, Alternaria alternata strain J1446, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain AFS009, Streptomyces griseus strain K61, Streptomyces lidiella strain WYEC108, Trichoderma viride strain I-1237, Trichoderma viride strain LU132, Trichoderma viride strain SC1, Trichoderma echinococcosis strain T34, extracts derived from Manchurian tangutorum, and extracts derived from the cotyledons of lupinus seedlings.

[0125] Examples of compounds used as fungicides include chloroinconazide, cymoxanil, flumetylsulforim, fluoxazine, cycloflufenoxam, cymoxanil, pyridaben, dipymetitrone, doxycycline, seed coat ester, pyraclostrobin, sulfadiazine, flutianil, harpin, inorganic salts (bicarbonates (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate), potassium carbonate), ipflufenoquin, ipflufenoquin, natural origin, engine oil, organic oil, picarbutrazox, pyridachlometyl, quinofumelin, tebufloquin, chlorothalonil (bactericide), imidazosin, jinggangmycin, aminopyrifen, and shiitake mycelium extract, etc.

[0126] Examples of the aforementioned insecticides include acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-agonistic chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, glutamate-agonistic chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, juvenile hormone analogs, other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, string organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors acting on CHS1, insect midgut membrane disruptors derived from microorganisms, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agents that disrupt the proton gradient, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChE). The following are listed as inhibitors of various types of insects: nAChR channel blockers, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on CHS1, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (type 1), molting inhibitors (diptera), ecdysone receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport system complex III inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport system complex I inhibitors (METI), voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport system complex IV inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport system complex II inhibitors, reniform base receptor modulators, string organ modulators, GABA-stimulating chloride ion channel allosteric modulators, and baculoviruses.

[0127] Specifically, examples of the aforementioned acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors include: alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, NAC (carbofuran), carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, BPMC (butanyl bismuth subcitrate), fenothiocarb, formetanate, and furathion. iocarb, MIPC (isoprocarb), methiocarb, methomyl, MTMC (methomyl), oxamyl, pirimicarb, PHC (propiconazole), thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimetacarb, XMC, MPMC (methomyl), acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methy l), cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, CVP (chlormephos), chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, CYAP (methamidophos), demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, DDVP (dichlorvos), didrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfuron-methyl oton), EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, MEP (fenitrothion), MPP (methoxyphosphine), fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylic acid isopropyl ester), isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, DMTP (chlorpyrifos).Mevinphos, monocrotophos, BRP (dibromophos), omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, PAP (Indomethacin), phorate, phosalone, PMP (phosphamidon), phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos-methyl, profenofos Enofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridafenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, CVMP (carbendazim), thiometon, triazophos, DEP (dichlorvos), and vamidothion, etc.

[0128] Examples of GABA-stimulating chloride ion channel blockers mentioned above include chlordane, endosulfan, dienochlor, ethiprole, fipronil, pyriprole, and nicofluprole.

[0129] Examples of sodium channel modulators mentioned above include flufenthrin, allethrin (allethrin, d-cis-trans-, d-trans-isomers), bifenthrin, bioallethrin (bioallethrin, S-cyclopentenyl-isomer), bioresmethrin, chloroprallethrin, chlorfenson, cycloprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin (lambda-cyhalothrin, β-isomer), and cyhalothrin (lambda-cyhalothrin, λ-, γ-isomers). Cypermethrin (cypermethrin, α-, β-, θ-, ζ- isomers), deltamethrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, fenvalerate [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, ethofenprox, fenpropathrine, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate ), flumethrin, t-flumethrin, hallenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, ε-methoxybenzylflumethrin, ε-methoxyflumethrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, profluthrin Pyrethrin, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and lindane, etc.

[0130] Examples of competitive modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mentioned above include acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, nicotine sulfate (nicotine), flupyradifurone, didicloromezotiazine, fenmezoditiazine, and trifluorophenylpyrimidine, etc.

[0131] Examples of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators include spinosad, spinosad, flupyrimine, and GS-omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide.

[0132] Examples of the above-mentioned glutamate-stimulating chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators include abamectin, emamectin-benzoate, lepimectin, and milkemectin.

[0133] Examples of the aforementioned juvenile hormone analogues include hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen.

[0134] Examples of other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors mentioned above include methyl bromide, other haloalkanes, chloropicrin, sodium aluminum fluoride, thiocyanate, borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium metaborate, tartaric acid, dazomet, metam ammonium, metam sodium, and methylisothiocyanate.

[0135] Examples of TRPV channel modulators for the aforementioned string organs include pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, and afidopyropen.

[0136] Examples of mite growth inhibitors that act on CHS1 include clofentezine, diflovidazin, hexythiazox, and etoxazole.

[0137] Examples of insect midgut disruptors derived from microorganisms include Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, proteins contained in Bt crops (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1), and Bacillus sphaericus.

[0138] Examples of mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors mentioned above include bufenozide, triazole tin, hydroxytricyclohexyltin (tricyclotin), phenylbutazone, BPPS (propyritin), and trichlorfon.

[0139] Examples of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agents that disrupt the proton gradient include chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and fipronil.

[0140] Examples of the aforementioned nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers include chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion hydrochloride, chlorpyrifos ring, chlorpyrifos monosodium salt, and chlorpyrifos monosodium salt.

[0141] Examples of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors that act on CHS1 include bis(triflufenoxuron), diflubenzuron, fenflurfen, flucyclovir, flufenoxuron, flufenoxuron, flupropoxyurea, diphenylfluorourea, polyfluorourea, fenflurfen, and chlorfenapyr.

[0142] Examples of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (Type 1) mentioned above include thiamethoxam and the like.

[0143] Examples of molting inhibitors (for dipteran insects) mentioned above include cyromazine, etc.

[0144] Examples of the ecdysone receptor agonists mentioned above include cyclotetracycline, chlorfenapyr, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0145] Examples of octopamine receptor agonists mentioned above include dimethylamidine, etc.

[0146] Examples of the aforementioned inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport system complex III include fenestration hydrazone, fenestration quinone, pyrimethanil, flupyroxystrobin, and bifenazate.

[0147] Examples of the aforementioned inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport system complex I (METI) include quinclorac, azoxystrobin, pyridaben, pyrimethanil, pyridaben, acetamiprid, oxadiazon, and rotenone.

[0148] Examples of voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers mentioned above include indoxacarb and cyfluthrin.

[0149] Examples of acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors mentioned above include spiropidion, spirodiclofen, spiropidion, spirooxamat, spirobudifen, and spirodiclofen.

[0150] As the aforementioned complex IV inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport system, these include aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, zinc phosphide, cyanides (calcium cyanide / sodium cyanide), and potassium cyanide.

[0151] Examples of the aforementioned inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport system complex II include pyridaben, etoxazole, buprofen, pyflubumide, and cyclobutrifluram.

[0152] As the aforementioned reniform receptor modulators, these include chlorantraniliprole, broflaniprole, cyclobromhizobium, flufenoxuron, tetraliprole, fluchlordiniliprole, thiorantraniliprole, pioxaniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, and cyproflanilide.

[0153] Examples of string organ modulators mentioned above include flonicamid, etc.

[0154] Examples of GABA-stimulating chloride ion channel allosteric modulators mentioned above include bromfenac, fluoxazolamide, and isocycloseram.

[0155] Examples of the aforementioned baculoviruses include Cydia pomonella GV, Thaumatitibia leucotreta GV, Anticarsis gemmatalis MNPV, and Helicoverpa armigera NPV.

[0156] Other examples of insecticides, acaricides, and nematicides include azadirachtin, benzalkonium chloride, bromopropylate, quinoxaline (Dictamni), trichlorfon (Kelsen), lime sulfur, mancozeb, trifluralin, sulfur, acynonapyr, amidoflumet, benzpyrimoxan, fluazaindolizine, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, fometoquin, metaldehyde, tyclopyrazoflor, dimpropyridaz, trifluenfuronate, and indazain. Pyroxamet), sulfiflumin, bisulflufen, isoflualanam, pipeflanilide, Burkholderia bacteria, Culex spp. Wolbachia Zap strain, neem oil extract, fatty acid monoesters containing glycerol or propylene glycol, neem oil, engine oil, rapeseed oil, blended oil, starch, reduced starch saccharide, sodium oleate, ferric phosphate, nemesistin, Beauveria bassiana strain, Metarhizium anisopliae strain (F52), Paecilomyces roximatei apopka strain (97), diatomaceous earth, DCIP (dichloroisopropyl ether), DD (1,3-dichloropropene), levamisole hydrochloride, moranteltartrate, and tioxazafen, etc.

[0157] Examples of the herbicides mentioned above include acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitors, amino acid compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, acetamide compounds, bipyridinium compounds, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds, carbamate compounds, pyridine compounds, urea compounds, dinitroaniline compounds, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, phenoxyacetic acid compounds, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxidase (HPPD) inhibitors, and triazine compounds.

[0158] Specifically, examples of the aforementioned acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitor compounds include imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, and chlorimuron-methyl. lorimuron and chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, chlortoluron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron and ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron Flupyrsulfuron-methyl and its salts, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron and its salts, iodosulfuron-methyl and its salts, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, metazosulfuron, and mesosulfuron-methyl etsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron.Sulfuryl sulfadiazine, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, triasulfuron, tribensulfuron-methyl, trifloxysulfuron and its salts, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, imazamethabenz-methyl, bispyribac Sodium, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone and its salts, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, pyroxsulam, propoxycarbazone and its salts, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac and its salts, pyroxsulam, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, and triafamone, etc.

[0159] Examples of the aforementioned amino acid compounds include dipropylphosphonic acid and its salts, glufosinate and its salts, succinylphosphonic acid and its salts, and glyphosate and its salts.

[0160] Examples of the aforementioned cyclohexanedione compounds include butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxydim, cycloxydim, profoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, and feproxydim.

[0161] Examples of the aforementioned acetamide compounds include napropamide, dimethachlor, pethoxamid, acetochlor, alachlor, CDAA, butenachlor, delachlor, diethatyl-ethyl, propisochlor, prynachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-p, metazachlor, metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet, and mefenacet.

[0162] Examples of the aforementioned bipyridinium compounds include cyperquat, morfamquat, diquat, and paraquat.

[0163] Examples of the above-mentioned allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds include clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clofop, cyhalofop-butyl, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P-methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fluazifop, and butyl fenoxaprop. The herbicides include fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, isoxapyrifop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P-ethyl, and quizalofop-P-tefuryl.

[0164] Examples of the aforementioned carbamate compounds include asulam, carbetamide, desmedipham, chlorprocarb, phenisopham, cycloate, dimepiperate, pebulate, tiocarbazil, vernolate, barban, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham, swep, phenmedipham, butylate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, benthiocarb, and triallate.

[0165] Examples of the aforementioned pyridine compounds include aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, halauxifen, florpyrauxifen, picloram and its salts, picolinafen, thiazopyr, and triclopyr and its salts.

[0166] Examples of the aforementioned urea compounds include benzothiazole, bromuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloroxuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluothiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, and metribuzin. CMU, neburon, parafluron, siduron, thiazafluron, chlorotoluron, daimuron, DCMU, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, cumyluron, karbutilate, and isouron, etc.

[0167] The aforementioned dinitroaniline compounds include benfluralin, butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropalin, nitrarine, profluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin.

[0168] The compounds that inhibit the aforementioned protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) include acifluorfen, aclonifen, azafenidin, bifenox, chlomethoxynil, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazolate, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, butafenacil, epyrifenacil, CNP, fluorodifen, CFNP, NIP, oxyfluorfen, and chlorimide. Thalim, flumipropyn, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, pentoxazone, pyraclonil, piraflufen, piraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimin, benzfendizone, profluazol, and flufenpyr-ethyl, etc.

[0169] The phenoxyacetic acid compounds mentioned above include 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D and their salts, 2,4-DB and their salts, clonprop, dichlorprop, fenoprop, MCPA and its salts, MCPB and its salts, MCPP and its salts, and mecoprop-P and its salts.

[0170] Compounds that inhibit the aforementioned hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrzolate, pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, toramezone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate.

[0171] The aforementioned triazine compounds include atrazine, aziprotryne, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetryn, dipropetryn, eglinazine-ethyl, ipazine, methoprotryne, procyazine, proglinazine, prometon, propazine, sebuthylazine, and secbumeto. n), terbumeton, trietazine, ametryne, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryne, hexazinone, indaziflam, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryne, CAT, simetryne, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and triaziflam, etc.

[0172] Other examples of herbicides include amicarabazone, ethiozin, isomethiozin, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, piperophos, beflubutamid, benzolin, benfuresate, bentazone, bromacil, isocillin, and bromobutichlor. de), bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, butamifos, DMPA, TCTP (methyl chlorphthalate), cefenstrole, PAC, brompyrazon, chlorthal, clonzone, cumyluron, MDBA and its salts, chloramben, TCBA (2,3,8-TBA), benzolin-ethyl, chlorfenac, chlor... Fenprop, DBN, DCBN, cinmethylin, methamidophos, amitrol, flamprop-M, fosamine, methyldymron, monalide, MSMA, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, endothall and its salts, ethofumesate, etobenzanid, and fenoxasulfur One), fentrazamide, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamone, indanofan, tridiphane, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isoxaben, triaziflam, lenacil, methylarsine, naptalam, flurochloridone, norflurazon.Oxaziclomefone, pinoxaden, butyrazoline, CMMP, propanil, propyzamide, pyridate, pyroxasulfone, promacyl, quinclorac, quinmerac, terbacil, cyclopyrimorate, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, oxyphenoxypropargyl Lancotrione and its salts, cyclopyranil, bixlozone, tetflupyrolimet, dimesulfazet, dinosam, dinoseb (DNBP), DNOC, etinofen, medinoterb, disodium methylarsinate (DSMA), cacodylicacid, diphenamid, naproanilide, forage grasses amine (tebutam), bensulide, dalapon, TCA, mefluidide, perfluidone, CAMA, tiafenacil, trifludimoxazin, rimisoxafen, fenpyrazone, dioxopyritrione, cypyrafluone, bipyrazone, benquitrione, fluchlorfon Aminooxalic acid (fluchloraminopyr), pyriflubenzoxim, flufenoximacil, iptriazopyrid, flusulfinam, broclozone, indolauxipyr, isoxaflutole, pyraquinate, metproxybicyclone, flupropanate and its salts, and D-limonene, etc.

[0173] [content]

[0174] The content of the first component in the formulation can be arbitrarily set according to the dosage form, the application rate to the plant, etc. For example, the formulation preferably contains a first component of 0.01% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to its total mass, and more preferably contains a first component of 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less relative to its total mass. In addition, the formulation preferably contains a second component of 0.00001% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to its total mass, and more preferably contains a second component of 0.0001% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less relative to its total mass.

[0175] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the second component to the total mass of the first component (second component / first component) can be set to 0.001 or more and 1000 or less, preferably 0.01 or more and 100 or less, more preferably 0.1 or more and 10 or less, and even more preferably 0.5 or more and 5 or less.

[0176] The above-mentioned formulation can be used as a treatment agent while remaining unchanged, or it can be used as a treatment agent prepared by mixing it with the above-mentioned adjuvants or other active ingredients in any way.

[0177] [Manufacturing Method]

[0178] Abiotic stress tolerance enhancers can be prepared by mixing the first and second components. In this case, a solid or liquid carrier can be used to prepare a formulation with a specified dosage form. It should be noted that the first component can also be an extract of microorganisms, plants, or seaweed containing it. Furthermore, the second component can also be an extract of microorganisms, plants, or seaweed containing it. Additionally, extracts of microorganisms, plants, or seaweed containing both the first and second components can also be used as abiotic stress tolerance enhancers.

[0179] It should be noted that the first and second components can be stored and transported in a mixed state, or the first component can be contained in a first container and the second component in a second container, and stored and transported in their unmixed, independent states. Alternatively, a product can be manufactured by packaging (packaging) the first container containing the first component and the second container containing the second component.

[0180] [Methods to improve the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress]

[0181] The aforementioned abiotic stress tolerance enhancer or a formulation containing the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer can be used to enhance the abiotic stress tolerance of a plant by applying the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer to a pre-prepared plant.

[0182] There are no particular restrictions on the method of application. It can be applied by any method, such as spreading it through stems and leaves, mixing it into the water supply, spreading it in the soil, injecting it into the lower soil layer using an injector, treating seeds, bulbs and tubers (propagules), or directly fertilizing the plants.

[0183] When mixed into the water supply, the above-mentioned preparation can be applied to the water supply to crops or the surface water of paddy fields in the form of granules or treatment liquid. For example, the concentration of the first component in the water supply to crops can be set to 0.1 mg / L or more, preferably 1 mg / L or more. Furthermore, when applied to the surface water, the application amount of the first component can be set to 0.1 g or more per 10 years of paddy field, preferably 1 g or more.

[0184] When applying the mixture to the stems and leaves or to the soil, it can be done by applying granules to the planting hole or its surroundings during seedling transplanting, or by applying granules and wettable powders to the soil around the seeds, plant, or plant. Alternatively, the soil and the preparation can be mixed together after spraying. The application rate of the first component when applying the mixture to the stems and leaves or to the soil surface is relative to 1 m². 2 Agricultural and horticultural land can be designated as having a concentration of 0.1 mg or higher, with 1 mg or higher being preferred.

[0185] When treating the propagules, for example, one can simply mix and stir the propagules with a wettable powder or similar agent, or immerse the propagules in a diluted wettable powder. Alternatively, a coating agent containing a solid carrier can be used to coat the propagules. The amount of the first component used in treating the propagules should be 0.005 g or more per 100 kg of seeds, preferably 0.05 g or more.

[0186] The treated plants can be grown under the same conditions used for their growth. Plants cultivated in this way can also be transplanted to other soils or culture media for further cultivation once they have reached a certain stage of growth.

[0187] [Other Implementation Methods]

[0188] It should be noted that the above-described embodiments are exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention can of course include embodiments other than those described above within the scope of its core technical concept.

[0189] Example

[0190] The present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0191] [Evaluation Example 1] Comparison of tolerance effects to high temperature stress

[0192] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Examples 1-3 and 5-7 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 1 below. Ergothioneine (EGT), arginine (Arg), and glutamic acid (Glu) were commercially available products, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0193] In a 60mm diameter, 55mm high plastic pot, add 90mL of seedling potting soil (made by Takii Seed). Sow one individual Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) in each pot. Prepare two deep plastic trays, each 160mm diameter and 28mm high.

[0194] In an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, the light period was set to 16 hours and the dark period to 8 hours. Light conditions were set such that the central area under fluorescent lamp illumination reached a light intensity of 5000 lx. Water was supplied from the bottom, with the water level set at approximately 5 mm. On the 92nd day after sowing, 40 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added instead of water. Two days later, the mixture was exposed to 45°C for 1 hour, and then three days later, to 42°C for 3 hours, thus applying high-temperature stress.

[0195] The number of wilted leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to high-temperature stress was counted, and the wilting rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. The wilting rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) of the leaves were calculated according to the following formula.

[0196] Leaf wilting rate (%)

[0197] = (Number of wilted leaves / Total number of leaves in the tested plant) × 100

[0198] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0199] ={1 - (Wilting rate of leaves in the treated area / Wilting rate of leaves in the untreated area)} × 100

[0200] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0201] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0202] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0203] [Table 1]

[0204]

[0205] As shown in Table 1, due to high-temperature stress, wilting was observed in 67% of the leaves of the tested Arabidopsis thaliana (Comparative Example 4). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Arg or Glu (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Example 1), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 1 and 2 showed lower wilting rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 1 and 2 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0206] [Evaluation Example 2] Comparison of tolerance effects to ultraviolet stress

[0207] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 3 and Comparative Examples 9, 10, 12, and 13 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 2 below. EGT and Glu were commercially available products, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0208] Add 5 mL of pure water to each 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and sow 10 wheat seeds in each dish. Manage the petri dishes in an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, with a light period of 16 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. Set the light conditions so that the center of the petri dish under fluorescent light has a light intensity of 5000 lx.

[0209] Eight days after sowing, the pure water in the culture dish was removed, and then 5 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added. One day later, the dish was irradiated with a 254 nm wavelength ultraviolet light lamp (Toshiba, GL-15) with an ultraviolet radiation intensity of 535 μW / cm². -2 Exposure for 1 hour, thereby subjecting ultraviolet stress.

[0210] Leaves that died 5 days after the application of ultraviolet stress were counted, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 10. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation rate) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0211] Leaf mortality rate (%)

[0212] = (Number of dead leaves / Total number of leaves in the test plant) × 100

[0213] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0214] ={1 - (leaf mortality rate in the tested compound-treated area / leaf mortality rate in the untreated area)} × 100

[0215] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0216] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0217] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0218] [Table 2]

[0219]

[0220] As shown in Table 2, physiological disorders such as chlorosis were observed in wheat due to ultraviolet stress, with 48% of the leaves of the tested wheat dying (Comparative Example 11). Compared with the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only Glu (Comparative Example 10) and the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 9), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 3 showed a lower leaf mortality rate and superior abiotic stress inhibition rate. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 3 exceeded the theoretical value when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0221] [Evaluation Example 3] Comparison of tolerance effects to excessive water stress

[0222] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 4 to 7 and Comparative Examples 15 to 17, and Comparative Examples 19 to 21 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 3 below. Commercially available EGT and Glu were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0223] Add 5 mL of pure water to each 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and sow 10 rapeseed seeds in each dish. Manage the petri dishes in an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, with a light period of 16 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. Set the light conditions so that the center of the petri dish under fluorescent light has a light intensity of 5000 lx.

[0224] Eight days after sowing, the pure water in the petri dish was removed, and then 5 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the petri dish. One day later, 50 mL of pure water was added to the petri dish to apply excessive water stress.

[0225] Plants surviving 10 days after the application of excessive water stress were counted, and the plant mortality rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological impairment. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. The mortality rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0226] Mortality rate (%)

[0227] ={1 - (Number of surviving plants / Number of plants tested)} × 100

[0228] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0229] ={1 - (mortality rate in the treated area / mortality rate in the untreated area)} × 100

[0230] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0231] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0232] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0233] [Table 3]

[0234]

[0235] As shown in Table 3, physiological disorders such as chlorosis were observed in rapeseed due to excessive water stress, and 84% of the tested rapeseed plants withered (Comparative Example 18). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Arg or Glu (Comparative Examples 16 and 17) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Example 15), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed lower mortality rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 4 and 6 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0236] [Evaluation Example 4] Comparison of tolerance effects to dryness stress

[0237] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 8 to 15 and Comparative Examples 23 to 31 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 4 below. Ergothioneine (EGT), trehalose, methionine (Met), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), citric acid, ascorbic acid (VitC), and potassium sorbate (sorbic acid) were commercially available, and purified water was used as the solvent.

[0238] Add 150mL of granular potting soil (combined horticultural potting soil) to a plastic pot with sides of 60mm and a height of 66mm, and sow one soybean seed in each pot. Prepare four deep plastic trays with a diameter of 160mm and a height of 28mm.

[0239] Management was carried out in a greenhouse with a room temperature of 25°C. On the 31st day after sowing, 50 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the deep trays to replace watering, and watering was stopped for the next 5 days to apply desiccation stress.

[0240] The number of dead leaves in soybeans subjected to drought stress was counted, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0241] Leaf mortality rate (%)

[0242] = (Number of dead leaves / Total number of leaves in the test plant) × 100

[0243] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0244] ={1 - (leaf mortality rate in the tested compound-treated area / leaf mortality rate in the untreated area)} × 100

[0245] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0246] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0247] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0248] [Table 4]

[0249]

[0250] As shown in Table 4, physiological disorders such as necrosis were observed in soybeans due to drought stress, with 56% of the leaves of the tested soybeans dying (Comparative Example 32). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only trehalose, Met, GSSG, GABA, citric acid, vitamin C, or sorbic acid (Comparative Examples 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Example 23), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 showed lower leaf mortality rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0251] [Evaluation Example 5] Comparison of tolerance effects to low temperature stress

[0252] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 16-17 and Comparative Examples 34-36 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 5 below. Ergothioneine (EGT), histidine (His), and uracil were commercially available products, and purified water was used as the solvent.

[0253] Add 5 mL of pure water to each 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and sow 20 arugula seeds in each dish. Manage the petri dishes in an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, with a light period of 16 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. The light conditions are set such that the center of the petri dish receives 5000 lx of light under fluorescent illumination.

[0254] Six days after sowing, the pure water in the culture dish was removed, and then 5 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the culture dish. After 24 hours, the dish was exposed to 4°C for 48 hours to apply low temperature stress.

[0255] The number of wilted leaves was counted two days after the application of low-temperature stress, and the leaf wilting rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5. The leaf wilting rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0256] Leaf wilting rate (%)

[0257] = (Number of wilted leaves / Total number of leaves in the tested plant) × 100

[0258] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0259] ={1 - (Wilting rate of leaves in the treated area / Wilting rate of leaves in the untreated area)} × 100

[0260] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0261] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0262] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0263] [Table 5]

[0264]

[0265] As shown in Table 5, due to low-temperature stress, wilting was observed in 94% of the tested arugula leaves (Comparative Example 37). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only His or uracil (Comparative Examples 35 and 36) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Example 34), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 16 and 17 showed lower wilting rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 16 and 17 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0266] [Evaluation Example 6] Comparison of tolerance effects to freezing stress

[0267] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 18, 39, and 40 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 6 below. Ergothioneine (EGT) and malic acid were commercially available, and purified water was used as the solvent.

[0268] Add 5 mL of pure water to each 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and sow 20 cauliflower (broccoli) seeds in each dish. Manage the petri dishes in an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, with a light period of 16 hours and a dark period of 8 hours. The light conditions are set such that the center of the petri dish receives 5000 lx of light under fluorescent illumination.

[0269] Six days after sowing, the pure water in the culture dish was removed, and then 5 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the culture dish. After 24 hours, the dish was exposed to -20°C for 30 minutes, and then after 48 hours, it was exposed to -20°C for 30 minutes, thus applying freezing stress.

[0270] Plants surviving one day after the application of freezing stress were counted, and the plant mortality rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological impairment. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6. The mortality rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0271] Mortality rate (%)

[0272] ={1 - (Number of surviving plants / Number of plants tested)} × 100

[0273] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0274] ={1 - (mortality rate in the treated area / mortality rate in the untreated area)} × 100

[0275] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0276] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0277] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0278] [Table 6]

[0279]

[0280] As shown in Table 6, physiological disturbances such as stem breakage or necrosis were observed in cauliflower due to freezing stress, with 44% of the tested cauliflower samples dying (Comparative Example 41). Compared to the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only malic acid (Comparative Example 40) and the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 39), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 18 showed a lower mortality rate and superior abiotic stress inhibition rate. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 18 exceeded the theoretical value when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0281] [Evaluation Example 7] Comparison of tolerance effects to excessive nutrient stress

[0282] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 19-23 and Comparative Examples 43-48 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 7 below. Ergothioneine (EGT), proline (Pro), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), glycine betaine (GB), and acetic acid were commercially available products, and purified water was used as the solvent.

[0283] Add 150mL of granular potting soil (combined horticultural potting soil) to a plastic pot with sides of 60mm and a height of 66mm, and sow one soybean seed in each pot. Prepare two deep plastic trays with a diameter of 160mm and a height of 28mm.

[0284] Management was carried out in a greenhouse with a room temperature of 25°C. On the 31st day after sowing, 50 mL of abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the deep trays instead of water. One day later, liquid fertilizer (HYPONeX, manufactured by Hyponex Japan) was applied at a 5-fold dilution to induce nutrient stress.

[0285] The number of dead leaves in soybeans one day after the application of excessive nutrient stress was counted, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) were calculated according to the following formula.

[0286] Leaf mortality rate (%)

[0287] = (Number of dead leaves / Total number of leaves in the test plant) × 100

[0288] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0289] ={1 - (leaf mortality rate in the tested compound-treated area / leaf mortality rate in the untreated area)} × 100

[0290] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0291] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0292] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0293] [Table 7]

[0294]

[0295] As shown in Table 7, physiological disorders such as chlorosis were observed in soybeans due to excessive nutrient stress, with 76% of the leaves of the tested soybeans dying (Comparative Example 49). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Pro, 5-ALA, GB, or acetic acid (Comparative Examples 45, 46, 47, and 48) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Examples 43 and 44), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 showed lower leaf mortality rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0296] [Evaluation Example 8] Comparison of tolerance effects to high temperature stress

[0297] The non-biological stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 24, 25, and Comparative Examples 51 to 54 were adjusted to the concentrations described in Table 8 below. Ergothioneine (EGT), acetic acid, and proline (Pro) were commercially available products, and purified water was used as the solvent.

[0298] Add 90mL of seedling potting soil (made by Takii Seed) to a 60mm diameter, 55mm high plastic pot, and sow one individual tomato (Regina) in each pot. Prepare four deep plastic trays with a diameter of 160mm and a height of 28mm.

[0299] In an artificial climate chamber set at 22°C, the light period was set to 16 hours and the dark period to 8 hours. Light conditions were set so that the central area under fluorescent lamp illumination reached a light intensity of 5000 lx. Water was supplied from the bottom, with the water level set at approximately 5 mm. On the 30th day after sowing, 50 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to replace the water supply. Two days later, the mixture was exposed to 45°C for 1 hour, followed by exposure to 55°C for 30 minutes, thus applying high-temperature stress.

[0300] The number of wilted leaves in tomatoes subjected to high-temperature stress was counted, and the wilting rate was evaluated as an indicator of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8. The wilting rate and abiotic stress inhibition rate (evaluation value) of the leaves were calculated according to the following formula.

[0301] Leaf wilting rate (%)

[0302] = (Number of wilted leaves / Total number of leaves in the tested plant) × 100

[0303] Inhibition rate of abiotic stress (evaluation value) (%)

[0304] ={1 - (Wilting rate of leaves in the treated area / Wilting rate of leaves in the untreated area)} × 100

[0305] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was determined using the Colby formula (the formula below):

[0306] Theoretical value of abiotic stress inhibition rate (%) when mixed addition = α + ((100-α)×β) / 100.

[0307] It should be noted that in the above formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress inhibition rate when each compound is added individually.

[0308] [Table 8]

[0309]

[0310] As shown in Table 8, due to high-temperature stress, wilting was observed in 62% of the leaves of the tested tomatoes (Comparative Example 55). Compared with abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only acetic acid or Pro (Comparative Examples 53 and 54) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Examples 51 and 52), the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 24 and 25 showed lower wilting rates and superior abiotic stress inhibition rates. Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 24 and 25 exceeded the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0311] This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-197530, filed November 21, 2023. The matters set forth in the original description and claims of that application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0312] Industrial availability

[0313] According to the present invention, the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses can be improved, and the yield of plants can be easily increased.

Claims

1. A plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer, said plant abiotic stress tolerance enhancer comprising: The first component is a compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; and The second component is at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides of two to ten amino acid lengths, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols. [Chemical Formula 1] In equation (I), R 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently represents an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms.

2. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to claim 1, wherein, The compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine.

3. The non-biological stress tolerance enhancer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The plant's tolerance to abiotic stress is improved by applying the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer to the plant. The abiotic stress is selected from at least one group consisting of high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excessive nutrient stress, dryness stress, excessive water stress, ultraviolet stress, low light stress, strong light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress.

4. The non-biological stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The plant's tolerance to abiotic stress is improved by applying the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer to the plant, wherein the abiotic stress is at least one selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, ultraviolet stress, and excessive water stress.

5. The non-biological stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The second component contains amino acids. The amino acid in question is either glutamic acid or arginine.

6. A method for improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants, the method comprising the following steps: Prepare the plants; and The plant is treated with the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. A formulation for enhancing plant tolerance to abiotic stress, said formulation comprising: The first component is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; The second component is selected from at least one of the following groups: amino acids, peptides of two or more but less than ten amino acids in length, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols; and Liquid carrier or solid carrier, [Chemical Formula 2] In equation (I), R 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently represents an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms.

8. A product for improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, said product for improving the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress having: A first container, the first container containing a first component, the first component being a compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agronomically permissible salt thereof; and The second container contains a second component, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides of two to ten amino acids in length, betaine, organic acids or their salts, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols. [Chemical Formula 3] In equation (I), R 1 and R 2 Independently representing an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms, R 3 R 4 and R 5 Independently represents an alkyl group having 1 or more but less than 4 carbon atoms.

9. A plant grown by applying an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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