Mechanized seed breeding method for radix hedysari in dry land

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical seed breeding method for dry land hedysarum polybotrys. The method comprises the steps of breeding technology, field management, pest control and mechanical harvesting. The breeding technology comprises the following steps: selecting sandy loam or loess soil blocks with deep and loose soil layers and fertile soil; deeply plowing after previous crops are harvested, sunning upturned soil and receiving rain, and leveling and raking the soil before the soil is frozen up; applying a fully decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer, a radix hedysari formula fertilizer and a microbial continuous cropping antiseptic root strengthening agent; healthy hedysarum polybotrys seeds which are full, free of mildew and free of worm damage are selected; seed coats are scratched, and seed kernels are not broken; sowing is conducted from late April to early May, a black mulching film is covered, and mechanical hole sowing is conducted; thinning: thinning in a seedling stage by combining weeding, removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings, and performing final singling on each hole; plant protection unmanned aerial vehicles are used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, and mechanical unified harvesting is performed when seeds are mature. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the standardization, high efficiency and large scale of the dry land hedysarum polybotrys seed breeding process are realized in a mechanical seed breeding manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for propagating Astragalus membranaceus seeds, specifically a mechanized method for propagating Astragalus membranaceus seeds in dryland areas. Background Technology

[0002] Both Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus mongholicus are qi-tonifying Chinese herbs. Astragalus membranaceus is the root of Astragalus membranaceus, a legume, while Astragalus mongholicus or Astragalus membranaceus is the root of Astragalus mongholicus. Both have the effects of tonifying qi, raising yang, and enhancing immunity, but their clinical applications differ.

[0003] Astragalus seed propagation is a crucial step in the cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus, directly impacting plant growth and yield. Currently, seed propagation is primarily manual, employing a method of first raising seedlings and then transplanting. Planting sites should be selected with deep, loose, and well-aerated soils such as yellow loam, black loam, or sandy loam, with appropriate crop rotation. In late March, apply 750 kg of compound fertilizer and 150 kg of urea per hectare, till the soil with a rotary tiller, and select robust seedlings with straight roots, free from pests and diseases, without defects, and with 1-2 plump white buds at the root tip. Dig furrows 12-15 cm deep, and place the seedlings diagonally against the furrow walls at a row spacing of 20 cm and a plant spacing of 25-30 cm. Cover the seedlings with soil from the furrows behind, leaving a 5 cm layer of soil around the seedling tips. After the seedlings have emerged in the second year, weeding is carried out for the first time. During the bud stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed 2-3 times. When the pods turn from green to yellow and the seeds turn light brown, they are harvested manually in batches according to their maturity.

[0004] However, existing methods have many limitations in practice. For example, manual seedling transplanting is labor-intensive and inefficient, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale production. Field management relies on experience and judgment, and the timing and amount of weeding and fertilization are not precisely controlled, which can easily lead to resource waste or inadequate management. Manual harvesting in batches during the seed collection process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the seed maturity is inconsistent, which reduces the overall quality and utilization rate of the seeds.

[0005] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanized seed propagation method for Astragalus membranaceus in dryland areas. This method uses mechanized direct seeding and harvesting of seeds, changing the traditional model centered on manual seedling raising and transplanting. It achieves a leap from "extensive manual labor" to "precise mechanization," from "experience-based" to "standardized and regulated," and from "single-product production" to "green and efficient." Through the innovation of the core model and the optimization of key links, it not only solves many key problems of traditional technology such as long cycle, low efficiency, poor adaptability, and unstable quality, but also provides core technical support for the large-scale and high-quality development of the Astragalus membranaceus industry.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for mechanized seed propagation of Astragalus membranaceus in dryland areas, the method comprising: propagation techniques, field management, pest and disease control, and mechanized harvesting; 1) Breeding techniques Land preparation: Select sandy loam or yellow loam soil with deep, loose, and fertile soil. The previous crop should be a gramineous crop (wheat, corn, etc.), and continuous cropping should be avoided. After the previous crop is harvested, plow to a depth of 35cm to 45cm, expose the soil to the sun and rain, and level and harrow the soil before it freezes. Fertilization: Apply fully decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer, Astragalus membranaceus compound fertilizer and microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent; the microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent contains: Bacillus subtilis viable bacteria count ≥200 million / g; Seed selection and treatment: Select healthy red astragalus seeds that are plump, free from mold and insect infestation; make a small incision in the seed coat, ensuring the kernel does not break. Sowing: Sowing time is from late April to early May, covered with black plastic film, and mechanically sown in holes; Thinning: When the seedlings are 20cm tall, thin them in conjunction with weeding, removing weak and diseased seedlings, and planting 2 seedlings per hole; 2) Field Management Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after the seedlings have emerged; Topdressing: From the budding stage to the fruit ripening stage, apply urea in conjunction with rainfall, and alternately spray the leaves with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; 3) Pest and disease control To prevent and control root rot, wilt, powdery mildew, and aphids, agricultural drones are used to spray pesticides.

[0008] This invention designs a three-stage land preparation method specifically for dryland areas, consisting of deep plowing, sun-drying, and pre-freezing leveling. After the previous crop is harvested, the soil is deeply plowed to a depth of 35-45 cm. Sun-drying allows for the retention of natural moisture through rainwater. Before the soil freezes, it is leveled and harrowed, addressing the moisture retention problem in dryland areas from the source and laying the foundation for subsequent yields. In contrast, traditional techniques leave the land idle after the previous crop is harvested in October, only performing deep tillage and plowing with a rotary tiller at the end of March of the following year. These techniques lack specific treatment for soil moisture retention and maturation, have no clear requirements for soil depth, and only emphasize the selection of plots with deep, loose soil. Their applicability is limited to ordinary plots, and they fail to consider the water shortage problem in dryland areas.

[0009] This invention also constructs a three-dimensional fertilization system of "farmyard manure or organic fertilizer + special compound fertilizer + microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent", which has significant advantages: ① precise application of organic fertilizer (1000 kg / hm). 2 ) or farmyard manure (45000 kg / hm) 2 ~60000 kg / hm 2 ① It meets the soil fertility replenishment needs of dryland areas; ② The total nutrients in the Astragalus membranaceus compound fertilizer are ≥45%, using a special ratio of N: P2O5:K2O=20:15:10 or N: P2O5:K2O=22:15:8, which meets the differentiated nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of Astragalus membranaceus seed development; ③ For the first time, a microbial agent containing Bacillus subtilis (total effective live bacteria count ≥200 million / g) is introduced, with a dosage of 300 kg / hm². Through microbial activity, it improves soil structure and inhibits harmful bacteria, solving the problems of soil compaction and low nutrient utilization rate caused by traditional fertilization.

[0010] This invention replaces "seedling transplanting" with "mechanical direct seeding." The core process of traditional technology is "seedling cultivation → transplanting," which relies on manual selection of "strong seedlings with straight roots, no diseases or pests, and 1-2 plump white buds at the top." Transplanting requires manual trenching (12-15cm deep), slanting seedlings, covering with 5cm of soil, and a plant spacing of 20cm × (25-30cm). The entire process is manual, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Sowing without mulch film results in poor environmental adaptability. This invention simplifies the process to "seed treatment → mechanical hole sowing," offering significant advantages: ① Standardized seed selection, with clear requirements for purity ≥98.0%, thousand-seed weight 3.5g-6.0g, germination rate ≥60.0%, and moisture content ≤12.0%. It also addresses the pain points of high seed hardness and difficult germination in traditional seed treatment by "scraping the seed coat (without breaking the kernel)." ② Mechanized sowing, from late April to May... In early October, black plastic film is used for hole sowing, with a row spacing of 50cm and a hole spacing of 20cm. 3 to 5 seeds are sown per hole, with horizontal rows spaced 4m to 5m apart. The plastic film covering not only conserves moisture but also suppresses weeds, making it suitable for arid and water-scarce environments. ③ The seedling raising stage is eliminated, and direct sowing in the field significantly shortens the breeding cycle. Traditional seedling raising and transplanting takes about 24 months from land preparation to seed collection (harvesting the previous crop in October → transplanting in March of the following year → seed collection in September-October of the third year). The newly invented technology only takes 16 to 18 months from sowing to seed collection (sowing in April-May → seed collection the following year), shortening the cycle by 6 to 8 months, solving the core pain points of long traditional breeding cycles and limited large-scale production.

[0011] This invention specifies that "when seedlings reach 20cm, weeding and thinning should be combined," requiring the removal of weak and diseased seedlings, with two seedlings planted per hole to ensure a uniform and robust seedling population, providing sufficient space and nutrients for subsequent seed development, thus solving the problem of uncontrolled seedling density in traditional methods.

[0012] Furthermore, this invention emphasizes timely weeding and cultivation after seedling emergence, intervening dynamically based on seedling conditions rather than at fixed times. It also uses black plastic film mulching to suppress weed growth, reducing weeding frequency and labor input, meeting the high-efficiency requirements of mechanized production and solving the problems of high labor intensity and significant interference with seedlings associated with traditional weeding methods. This invention also expands the scope of control to include root rot, wilt, powdery mildew, and aphids, covering the main pests and diseases throughout the entire seed propagation cycle of Astragalus membranaceus, addressing the issues of omissions and high disease risks associated with traditional control methods.

[0013] Preferably, the fertilization involves applying 45,000 kg / hm² of fully decomposed farmyard manure. 2 ~60000 kg / hm 2 Or 1000 kg / hm of organic fertilizer 2 Red Astragalus Formula Fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 ~1200kg / hm 2 And microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent 300 kg / hm 2 .

[0014] More preferably, the total nutrients in the Astragalus compound fertilizer are ≥45%, and the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 20:15:10, or the ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is 22:15:8.

[0015] Preferably, the topdressing involves applying 75 kg / hm² of urea in conjunction with rainfall. 2 ~150kg / hm 2 Foliar spraying with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at 1500 mL / hm² 2 Apply fertilizer with a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 to 3 times.

[0016] Preferably, the prevention and control of root rot and wilt include: 1) Agricultural control: implementing crop rotation with gramineous plants for more than 3 years; deep plowing and sun-drying the soil, and increasing the application of organic fertilizer; selecting healthy seeds, and removing weeds and diseased plant debris from the field; timely early sowing, and strengthening field management; 2) Chemical control: uniformly spraying 30% hymexazol aqueous solution at 600 to 800 times dilution or 40% iprodione·fluazinam solution at 1000 to 1500 times dilution for soil disinfection.

[0017] Preferably, the control of powdery mildew includes: 1) agricultural control: reasonable planting density; timely burning of plant debris and fallen leaves; 2) chemical control: spraying 40% azoxystrobin·tebuconazole suspension at a dilution of 500 times or 430 g / L tebuconazole suspension at 225 mL / hm² at the initial stage of disease. 2 ~300 mL / hm 2 10% difenoconazole water-dispersible granules, diluted 750 to 1250 times, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

[0018] Preferably, the aphid control employs biological and chemical methods, including: foliar spraying of 1.3% matrine aqueous solution at 450 g / hm². 2 ~600 g / hm 2 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300 g / hm 2 ~450 g / hm 2 Spray once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

[0019] This invention constructs a comprehensive system of "agricultural control as the foundation, biological control as a supplement, and chemical control as an emergency measure," which has significant advantages: ① Enhanced agricultural control: In addition to continuing crop rotation for more than 3 years, measures such as deep plowing and sun-drying the soil, increasing the application of organic fertilizer (to improve soil microbiota), selecting healthy seeds, removing diseased plant debris, and reasonable planting density are added to suppress pests and diseases at the source; ② Introduction of biological control: Aphid control uses 1.3% matrine aqueous solution (450g / hm²). 2 ~600g / hm 2Matrine is a plant-derived pesticide, which is green and environmentally friendly, reducing dependence on chemical pesticides; ③ Chemical control is more precise. For root rot and wilt, use 30% hymexazol aqueous solution (600-800 times dilution) or 40% isopyram-flufenican (1000-1500 times dilution). For powdery mildew, use 40% azoxystrobin-tebuconazole suspension, etc., and specify the dosage and spraying interval (7-10 days / time, 2-3 consecutive sprays) to avoid blind use of pesticides; ④ The combination of biological and chemical methods ensures the control effect while reducing pesticide residues, which is in line with the trend of green agriculture development and solves the problems of strong drug resistance, environmental pollution and seed quality impact of traditional control methods.

[0020] Preferably, the thinning is carried out in conjunction with weeding when the seedlings are 20cm tall.

[0021] Preferably, the sowing is carried out with a row spacing of 50cm and a hole spacing of 20cm, with 3 to 5 seeds per hole, and a horizontal strip is made on the mulch film every 4m to 5m.

[0022] Preferably, the seed selection involves selecting healthy Astragalus membranaceus seeds with a purity of ≥98.0%, a thousand-seed weight of 3.5 g to 6.0 g, a germination rate of ≥60.0%, a moisture content of ≤12.0%, and that are plump, free from mold and insect infestation.

[0023] Preferably, the field management further includes: weeding and removing inferior plants: removing weeds, diseased plants, and weak plants during transplanting, flowering, and seed harvesting; and overwintering management: clearing residual branches and leaves from the field to prevent trampling. Traditional techniques lack clear weeding and overwintering management procedures. Weeds and diseased plants compete with healthy plants for nutrients, and residual branches and leaves in the field become overwintering carriers of pests and diseases, affecting seed purity and the following year's growth. This invention adds two core steps: ① Weeding and removing inferior plants is carried out throughout the transplanting, flowering, and seed harvesting periods, removing weeds, diseased plants, and weak plants throughout to ensure seed genetic purity; ② During the overwintering period, residual branches and leaves in the field are cleared and trampling is prohibited to reduce the overwintering base of pests and diseases, protecting the growth of the following year, and solving the pain points of insufficient seed purity and suitable overwintering fields for pests and diseases in traditional methods.

[0024] Preferably, the mechanized harvesting is carried out in the second year when the seed pods are yellowish-white and the seed coat is light brown. The pods are harvested uniformly by machinery (harvester), leaving a stubble height of not less than 20cm. Then, the seeds are threshed and selected.

[0025] The mechanized seed propagation method for Astragalus membranaceus in dryland areas of this invention solves many problems of traditional techniques, such as long cycle, low efficiency, poor adaptability, and unstable quality, and has the following advantages: (1) The method of this invention, in terms of breeding technology, precisely controls the depth of land preparation, fertilizer ratio, seed treatment and sowing time, combined with black mulch and hole sowing, to create a suitable environment for seed germination and seedling growth; field management, through weeding, scientific topdressing, weeding and removal of inferior plants, and overwintering management, effectively promotes robust plant growth; pest and disease control adopts a combination of agricultural and chemical control, and specific control measures are formulated for major pests and diseases such as root rot, wilt, powdery mildew and aphids, reducing the incidence of pests and diseases, constructing an integrated control system of "agriculture + biology + chemistry", introducing plant-derived biological pesticides to achieve green control, which is in line with the development direction of "reducing pesticides and increasing efficiency" in modern agriculture. At the same time, the seed collection time, harvesting method and subsequent processing procedures are clearly defined to ensure seed quality. This method is standardized and highly operable, and can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of Astragalus membranaceus seed breeding in dryland areas, providing strong technical support for the large-scale and standardized planting of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0026] (2) In the breeding technology stage, the scientific land preparation operation can effectively improve the soil structure, enhance soil aeration and water retention, and provide a good soil environment for seed germination and seedling growth; reasonable fertilization meets the nutrient requirements of Astragalus membranaceus at different growth stages. Farmyard manure or organic fertilizer can improve soil fertility, Astragalus membranaceus compound fertilizer provides precise nutrition, and microbial agents can improve the soil microecology. The combined application of special Astragalus membranaceus compound fertilizer and microbial agents can specifically optimize the nutrient supply for Astragalus membranaceus seed development and improve the soil microecology, breaking through the limitations of traditional conventional fertilization; through standardized seed screening (clearly defining net purity) This method, which includes measures such as seed density and thousand-grain weight, seed coat breaking treatment, and full-cycle impurity and inferior seed removal, solves the problems of low germination rate and insufficient purity of traditional seeds, thus improving the seed quality rate. Seed treatment ensures a high germination rate, and breaking the seed coat breaks seed dormancy and promotes rapid germination. Using black mulch during sowing not only effectively suppresses weed growth and reduces nutrient competition between weeds and Astragalus seedlings, but also maintains stable soil temperature and humidity, which is conducive to seed emergence and robust seedling growth. Thinning removes weak and diseased seedlings, ensuring the quality and growing space of each Astragalus seedling, laying a solid foundation for high-quality and high-yield Astragalus cultivation. This method is simple to operate, significantly improves the success rate and efficiency of Astragalus seed propagation in dryland areas, reduces labor costs, and is suitable for large-scale application in dryland Astragalus planting areas.

[0027] (3) The method of the present invention replaces the seedling transplanting with the mechanical direct seeding, eliminating the three time-consuming links of seedling raising, transplanting and manual harvesting in stages and batches. Combined with the moisture retention of mulch film and the acceleration of growth by precise fertilization, the seed breeding cycle is shortened from about 24 months to 16 to 18 months, saving 900 yuan of labor per mu, solving the industry pain points of long breeding cycle and low efficiency of large-scale production in the traditional way; (4) The method of the present invention addresses the problem of adaptability to dry land by designing deep plowing and sun-drying to absorb rainwater, black mulch covering to conserve moisture, and topdressing in conjunction with rainfall. This solves the problems of low germination rate and nutrient loss caused by water shortage in dry land and expands the regional adaptability of Astragalus membranaceus seed breeding. The introduction of special formula fertilizer (total nutrients ≥45%) and microbial agents improves soil structure and increases nutrient utilization, solving the problems of unbalanced nutrients and soil compaction caused by traditional fertilization. Through full coverage of prevention and control and comprehensive green prevention and control measures, the problems of omissions in traditional prevention and control, strong drug resistance, and pesticide residues are solved, ensuring seed yield and quality.

[0028] (5) The method of the present invention combines mechanized direct seeding technology, mechanized prevention and control technology, mechanized harvesting technology and dryland red astragalus seed breeding for the first time, subverting the traditional seedling transplanting mode and realizing direct cultivation "from seed to seed", providing a feasible path for the precise, mechanized and large-scale production of red astragalus seed breeding. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that: Unless otherwise specified in the examples, conditions should be followed according to standard conditions or the manufacturer's recommendations. Instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available products. Raw materials and reagents whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available goods or can be prepared using known methods.

[0031] In this invention, all features defined in the form of numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are used only for simplicity and convenience. Accordingly, the description of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0032] The features mentioned in this invention can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification, provided that there is no contradiction in the combination of these features. Each feature disclosed in the specification can be replaced by any alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, the disclosed features are merely general examples of equivalent or similar features.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Description of some of the materials used in the following embodiments: Commercial organic fertilizer: N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 5%, organic matter ≥ 45%, pH: 5.5~8.5, moisture ≤ 30%, formulation: granules, available from Gansu Impression Ecology (Group) Co., Ltd.

[0035] Example 1 A mechanized method for direct seeding and seedling cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus in dryland areas includes: propagation techniques, field management, pest and disease control, and seed collection, as detailed below: 1. Breeding techniques Land preparation: Select sandy loam or loamy land with deep, loose, and fertile soil. The previous crop should preferably be wheat, corn, or other gramineous crops. Avoid continuous cropping. After harvesting the previous crop, plow to a depth of 35cm-45cm, expose the soil to the sun and rain, and level and harrow the soil before it freezes.

[0036] Fertilization: Before sowing, apply 45,000 kg / hm² of fully decomposed farmyard manure in conjunction with land preparation. 2 ~60000 kg / hm 2 Or 1000 kg / hm of commercial organic fertilizer 2 Red astragalus compound fertilizer (total nutrients ≥45%, N:P2O5:K2O=20:15:10, or N:P2O5:K2O=22:15:8) 750kg / hm 2 ~1200kg / hm 2 Microbial replanting preservative and root-strengthening agent (Bacillus subtilis viable count ≥ 200 million / g) 300kg / hm 2 .

[0037] Seed selection and treatment: Select healthy Astragalus membranaceus seeds with a purity ≥98.0%, a thousand-seed weight of 3.5 g to 6.0 g, a germination rate ≥60.0%, a moisture content ≤12.0%, and that are plump, free from mold and insect infestation. Quickly pound the seeds once using a rice milling machine, just enough to break the seed coat without crushing the kernel.

[0038] Sowing: Sowing time is from late April to early May. Use a fertilizer mulching and soil covering machine to cover the soil with a 120 cm wide and ≥0.01 mm thick black plastic film. Sow 3 to 5 seeds per hole at a row spacing of 50 cm and a hole spacing of 20 cm, spacing them 4 meters apart. Make a horizontal strip on the plastic film every 5 meters.

[0039] Thinning: When the seedlings are 20cm tall, thin them in conjunction with weeding, removing weak and diseased seedlings, and planting 2 seedlings per hole.

[0040] 2. Field Management Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after the seedlings have emerged.

[0041] Topdressing: From the budding stage to the fruit ripening stage, apply 75 kg / hm² of urea in conjunction with rainfall. 2 ~150kg / hm 2 Foliar spraying with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at 1500 mL / hm² 2 Apply fertilizer with a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 to 3 times.

[0042] Remove weeds and inferior plants: Remove weeds, diseased plants, and weak plants during the transplanting, flowering, and seed harvesting periods.

[0043] Winter management: Remove dead branches and leaves from the field to prevent cattle and sheep from trampling them.

[0044] 3. Pest and disease control (1) Prevention and control of root rot and wilt Agricultural control: Implement crop rotation with gramineous plants for more than 3 years; deep plow and sun-dry the soil, and increase the application of organic fertilizer; select disease-free seedlings, and remove weeds and diseased plant debris from the field; plant early at the appropriate time and strengthen field management.

[0045] Chemical control: Apply 30% hymexazol aqueous solution at a dilution of 600 to 800 times or 40% isopyram·flufenican at a dilution of 1000 to 1500 times evenly to disinfect the soil.

[0046] (2) Control of powdery mildew Agricultural control: Plant at a reasonable density; burn plant debris and fallen leaves in a timely manner.

[0047] Chemical control: Spray with a 500-fold dilution of 40% azoxystrobin·tebuconazole suspension or 225 mL / hm of 430 g / L tebuconazole suspension at the initial stage of disease. 2 ~300 mL / hm 2 10% difenoconazole water-dispersible granules, diluted 750 to 1250 times, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

[0048] (3) Control of aphids Biological and chemical control: Foliar spray with 1.3% matrine aqueous solution at 450 g / hm²2 ~600 g / hm 2 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300 g / hm 2 ~450 g / hm 2 Spray once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

[0049] 4. Seed collection Seeds can be harvested in the second year. When the pods are yellowish-white and the seed coat is light brown, they are harvested uniformly with a harvester, leaving a stubble height of no less than 20cm. Then, the seeds are threshed and selected.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mechanized seed propagation method for Astragalus membranaceus in dryland areas, characterized in that, This method includes: breeding techniques, field management, pest and disease control, and mechanized harvesting; 1) Breeding techniques Land preparation: Select sandy loam or yellow loam soil with deep, loose, and fertile soil. The previous crop should be a gramineous crop, and continuous cropping should be avoided. After the previous crop is harvested, plow to a depth of 35cm to 45cm, expose the soil to the sun and rain, and level and harrow the soil before it freezes. Fertilization: Apply fully decomposed farmyard manure or organic fertilizer, red astragalus compound fertilizer and microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent; the replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent contains: Bacillus subtilis viable bacteria count ≥200 million / g; Seed selection and treatment: Select healthy red astragalus seeds that are plump, free from mold and insect infestation; make a small incision in the seed coat, ensuring the kernel does not break. Sowing: Sowing time is from late April to early May, covered with black plastic film, and mechanically sown in holes; Thinning: When the seedlings are 20cm tall, thin them in conjunction with weeding, removing weak and diseased seedlings, and planting 2 seedlings per hole; 2) Field Management Cultivation and weeding: Cultivate and weed promptly after the seedlings have emerged; Topdressing: From the budding stage to the fruit ripening stage, apply urea in conjunction with rainfall, and alternately spray the leaves with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; 3) Pest and disease control To prevent and control root rot, wilt, powdery mildew, and aphids, agricultural drones are used to spray pesticides.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization process involves applying 45,000 kg / hm² of fully decomposed farmyard manure. 2 ~60000 kg / hm 2 Or 1000 kg / hm of organic fertilizer 2 Red Astragalus Formula Fertilizer 750kg / hm 2 ~1200kg / hm 2 And microbial replanting antiseptic and root-strengthening agent 300 kg / hm 2 .

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The total nutrients in the Astragalus membranaceus compound fertilizer are ≥45%, with N:P2O5:K2O=20:15:10 or N:P2O5:K2O=22:15:

8.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The topdressing application, combined with rainfall, involves applying 75 kg / hm of urea. 2 ~150kg / hm 2 Foliar spraying with amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at 1500 mL / hm² 2 Apply fertilizer with a 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 to 3 times.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prevention and control of root rot and wilt include: 1) Agricultural control: Implement crop rotation with gramineous plants for more than 3 years; deep plow and sun-dry the soil, and increase the application of organic fertilizer; select disease-free seedlings, and remove weeds and diseased plant debris from the field; plant early at the appropriate time and strengthen field management; 2) Chemical control: Apply 30% hymexazol aqueous solution at a dilution of 600 to 800 times or 40% iprodione·fluazinam at a dilution of 1000 to 1500 times evenly to disinfect the soil; The prevention and control of powdery mildew includes: 1) Agricultural control: Reasonable planting density; timely burning of plant debris and fallen leaves; 2) Chemical control: Spray with 500 times dilution of 40% azoxystrobin·tebuconazole suspension or 225 mL / hm of 430 g / L tebuconazole suspension at the initial stage of disease. 2 ~300 mL / hm 2 10% difenoconazole water-dispersible granules, diluted 750 to 1250 times, sprayed once every 7 to 10 days, for 2 to 3 consecutive sprays; The control of aphids employs biological and chemical control methods, including: Foliar spray with 450 g / hm of 1.3% matrine aqueous solution. 2 ~600 g / hm 2 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 300 g / hm 2 ~450 g / hm 2 Spray once every 7 to 10 days, for a total of 2 to 3 sprays.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Thinning is carried out when the seedlings are 20cm tall, in conjunction with weeding.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, For sowing, the row spacing is 50cm and the hole spacing is 20cm. Sow 3 to 5 seeds per hole and make a horizontal strip on the plastic film every 4m to 5m.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seeds selected are healthy Astragalus membranaceus seeds with a purity of ≥98.0%, a thousand-seed weight of 3.5 g to 6.0 g, a germination rate of ≥60.0%, a moisture content of ≤12.0%, and are plump, free from mold and insect infestation.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management also includes: Remove weeds and inferior plants: Remove weeds, diseased plants, and weak plants during the transplanting, flowering, and seed harvesting periods; Winter management: Remove residual branches and dead leaves from the field to prevent trampling.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanized harvesting is carried out in the second year when the seed pods are yellowish-white and the seed coat is light brown. The pods are harvested uniformly by machine, leaving a stubble height of not less than 20cm. Then the seeds are threshed and selected.