A method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low atmosphere and a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low atmosphere.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for identifying ozone pollution layers in the low-altitude atmosphere and a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere. The ozone pollution layer identification method achieves precise spatial positioning of the pollution layer through the synergy of a localized ozone exceedance risk threshold and lidar three-dimensional scanning. By combining precursor concentration data, ozone photochemical process correlation parameters, and observation-driven models to quantify regional transport contributions, it effectively identifies ozone pollution accumulation areas in the upper boundary layer, overcoming the limitations of ground monitoring stations and satellite remote sensing in terms of vertical resolution. The rapid ozone deposition method in the low-altitude atmosphere addresses the problems of difficult photochemical reaction control, insufficient intervention in the upper-altitude pollution layer, and weak suppression of cross-regional transport faced by existing ozone control technologies. Through the synergistic effect of physical disturbance and deposition, it accelerates turbulent diffusion, achieving large-scale, strongly disturbed ozone pollution control and reducing the height of the pollution layer and the impact of cross-regional transport.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of atmospheric environment monitoring technology, and particularly relates to a method for identifying ozone pollution layers in the low-altitude atmosphere and a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies for identifying and controlling low-altitude ozone pollution layers are limited by the complexity of photochemical reactions, dynamic changes in meteorological conditions, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). ) and nitrogen oxides ( The challenges of coordinated control are significant. Ozone, as a secondary pollutant, involves complex nonlinear photochemical reactions of multiple pollutants, with the process involving the interconversion of hundreds of intermediate products. Ground-based monitoring stations cannot capture pollution accumulation in the upper boundary layer, while satellite remote sensing is limited by resolution and cannot pinpoint the location accurately. Ozone monitoring is disconnected from the dynamic changes of precursors, leading to delayed warnings. Meteorological criteria rely on single parameters and lack local calibration, resulting in resource waste. Horizontal navigation modes cannot analyze the vertical transport mechanism of ozone. These shortcomings collectively restrict the effectiveness of ozone pollution control. Existing ozone control technologies primarily focus on source control, reducing precursor emissions through industrial upgrading, energy structure adjustment, and improved vehicle standards. However, such measures generally suffer from long transformation cycles and high costs. Due to the lack of precise dynamic control methods, it is difficult to determine the optimal reduction ratio of VOCs and NOx, easily leading to a "whack-a-mole" dilemma, or even a rebound in ozone concentration due to an imbalance in pollutant reduction. Meanwhile, ozone exhibits a significant spatial three-dimensional distribution, with peak concentrations located in the upper part of the boundary layer. Traditional ground-based spraying and adsorption devices struggle to reach high-altitude polluted areas, and residual ozone sinks with the inversion layer at night, exacerbating pollution through photochemical reactions the following day. Current control measures mostly focus on localized areas or controlling single precursors, failing to systematically break the chain reaction of ozone formation at a regional scale, and thus failing to fundamentally curb the frequent outbreaks and cross-regional transport of ozone pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere and a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere, comprising:

[0006] Based on historical meteorological data and ozone concentration data of the target area, a localized ozone exceedance risk threshold associated with the meteorological data is generated through regression analysis or machine learning models.

[0007] Acquire real-time meteorological data, real-time precursor concentration data, and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters for ozone balance analysis in the target area;

[0008] When real-time meteorological data meets the localized ozone exceedance risk threshold, the contribution of regional transport to ozone generation is calculated using an observation-driven model based on real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters.

[0009] When regional transmission contributes more to ozone formation than local photochemical formation, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out based on wind direction, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone are obtained by analyzing the backscattered laser signal.

[0010] The continuous spatial region in the upper part of the boundary layer where the ozone concentration exceeds the ozone concentration threshold is marked as the ozone pollution layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the meteorological data includes temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction.

[0012] Furthermore, the precursor includes and .

[0013] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the precursor concentration data includes: monitoring the concentration within a region using gas chromatography. Concentration was monitored within the area using chemiluminescence immunoassay. concentration.

[0014] Furthermore, the parameters associated with the ozone photochemical process include ozone. Concentration, carbon monoxide Concentration, radiation intensity, photolysis rate, mixed layer height, peracetic acid nitrate Concentration and nitrite concentration.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific method for calculating the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation using the observation-driven model includes:

[0016] Using the OBM model as an observation-driven model, real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters were input into the OBM model to calculate the local ozone photochemical generation rate. :

[0017]

[0018] in, ;

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, P(O3) is the net ozone formation rate; F(O3) is the ozone formation term; D(O3) is the ozone consumption term; and k is the rate constant.

[0021] The measured rate of change in ozone concentration With the calculated local ozone photochemical generation rate Interpolation as the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation , In the formula, This represents the contribution of local photochemical generation to ozone formation.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes: obtaining the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone by analyzing the backscattered laser signals in the mobile lidar monitoring data, and obtaining the results of local ozone generation, regional transport, vertical transport, and stratospheric escape.

[0023] A method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere includes:

[0024] The ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere is identified using the method described above.

[0025] The firing position, firing height, and firing angle of the gas cannon are set according to the spatial location of the ozone pollution layer, and the firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon are set according to the ozone concentration of the ozone pollution layer.

[0026] The ozone layer is destabilized by shock waves from a gas cannon at a set launch position, launch height, launch angle, launch frequency, launch intensity, and duration, causing ozone in the lower atmosphere to settle rapidly.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes: when the shock wave destabilizes, real-time monitoring of the ozone-related multidimensional meteorological parameter change rate in the target area, and dynamic adjustment of the gas cannon's firing position, firing height, firing angle, firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration based on the multidimensional meteorological parameter change rate.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes: after the shock wave destabilizes, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out according to the wind direction to obtain three-dimensional distribution data of ozone in the boundary layer, the boundary layer disturbance results are evaluated, and the shock wave emission strategy is optimized based on the evaluated boundary layer disturbance results.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] This invention proposes a method for identifying ozone pollution layers in the low-altitude atmosphere. This method achieves precise spatial localization of the pollution layer by combining a localized ozone exceedance risk threshold with lidar 3D scanning. By integrating precursor concentration data, ozone photochemical process correlation parameters, and an observation-driven model (OBM) to quantify regional transport contributions, it effectively identifies ozone pollution accumulation regions in the upper boundary layer, overcoming the limitations of ground monitoring stations and satellite remote sensing in terms of vertical resolution.

[0031] This invention proposes a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere. This method addresses the challenges of controlling photochemical reactions, insufficient intervention in the upper-level pollution layer, and weak suppression of cross-regional transport in existing ozone control technologies. Through the synergistic effect of physical disturbance and deposition, it achieves large-scale, highly disturbed ozone pollution control, reducing the height of the pollution layer and the impact of cross-regional transport. Furthermore, this invention enhances turbulent diffusion within the ozone pollution layer by disrupting it with shock waves, effectively accelerating ozone deposition and improving deposition efficiency.

[0032] The ozone rapid deposition method of the present invention obtains the ozone pollution situation by coupling the real-time determination of the pollution layer, and intervenes in the early stage of the formation of a large-area pollution transport zone, effectively reducing the residence time of high concentration ozone in highly polluted areas.

[0033] The ozone rapid deposition method of this invention sets the firing position, firing height, and firing angle of a gas cannon based on the spatial location of the ozone pollution layer, and sets the firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon based on the ozone concentration of the ozone pollution layer. By using the set firing position, firing height, firing angle, firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon to destabilize the ozone pollution layer with shock waves, it efficiently drives the rapid deposition of ozone in the low-altitude atmosphere, with particularly significant effects on improving the atmospheric environmental quality in areas downstream of pollution transport channels. The turbulent accelerated diffusion mechanism triggered by this technical feature promotes ozone deposition, and this technical feature is the key physical path for accelerating the structural change of the pollution layer and achieving rapid deposition.

[0034] When the shock wave breaks down, the ozone rapid deposition method of the present invention monitors the rate of change of ozone-related multidimensional meteorological parameters in the target area in real time, and dynamically adjusts the firing position, firing height, firing frequency, firing intensity and duration of the gas cannon based on the rate of change of the multidimensional meteorological parameters, so as to achieve adaptive optimization of resources and ozone deposition.

[0035] After the shock wave breaks down, the ozone rapid deposition method of the present invention conducts ozone lidar mobile monitoring according to the wind direction to obtain three-dimensional distribution data of ozone in the boundary layer, evaluates the boundary layer disturbance results, and optimizes the shock wave emission strategy based on the evaluated boundary layer disturbance results to achieve a closed loop of pollution control. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere in this embodiment.

[0037] Figure 2(a) is one of the comparison charts of Raman temperature and humidity lidar data and sounding balloon data within the same altitude range;

[0038] Figure 2(b) is the second comparison chart of Raman temperature and humidity lidar data and sounding balloon data within the same altitude range;

[0039] Figure 2(c) is the third comparison chart of Raman temperature and humidity lidar data and sounding balloon data within the same altitude range;

[0040] Figure 2(d) is the fourth comparison chart of Raman temperature and humidity lidar data and sounding balloon data within the same altitude range;

[0041] Figure 3(a) is one of the schematic diagrams of joint observation by Raman temperature and humidity radar, ozone radar and wind radar;

[0042] Figure 3(b) is the second schematic diagram of the joint observation of Raman temperature and humidity radar-ozone radar-wind radar;

[0043] Figure 3(c) is the third schematic diagram of the joint observation of Raman temperature and humidity radar, ozone radar and wind radar;

[0044] Figure 3(d) is the fourth schematic diagram of the joint observation of Raman temperature and humidity radar, ozone radar and wind radar. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. After reading this invention, any modifications of the invention in various equivalent forms by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] The present invention provides a method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:

[0048] S1. Based on historical meteorological data and ozone concentration data of the target area, generate localized ozone exceedance risk thresholds associated with meteorological data through regression analysis or machine learning models.

[0049] S2. Acquire real-time meteorological data, real-time precursor concentration data, and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters for ozone budget analysis of the target area; wherein the real-time meteorological data is used for threshold determination, while the real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters serve as the input basis for the observation-driven model.

[0050] S3. When the meteorological data in the real-time multidimensional meteorological parameters meet the localized ozone exceedance risk threshold, the contribution of regional transport to ozone generation is calculated by an observation-driven model based on the ozone budget analysis data and precursor concentration data in the multidimensional meteorological parameters.

[0051] S4. When the contribution of regional transmission to ozone formation is greater than the contribution of local photochemical formation to ozone formation, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out according to wind direction, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone are obtained by analyzing the backscattered laser signal.

[0052] S5. Mark the continuous spatial region in the upper part of the boundary layer where the ozone concentration exceeds the ozone concentration threshold in the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics as the ozone pollution layer.

[0053] Furthermore, the specific steps of S1 above can be performed as follows:

[0054] Obtaining historical meteorological and ozone concentration data for the target area: First, it is necessary to collect meteorological data (such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind direction, wind speed, etc.) and ozone concentration data for the target area over a past period. This data can be obtained from environmental monitoring stations, meteorological bureaus, or relevant research institutions and used as input for the model.

[0055] An ozone exceedance risk assessment model is established using regression analysis or machine learning models: Next, a predictive model is built using the collected data. Regression analysis is a commonly used method, establishing the relationship between meteorological factors and ozone concentration through statistical methods (e.g., using multiple linear regression models to predict near-surface ozone concentration in cities, and ensuring prediction accuracy through controlled residuals and significance tests). Furthermore, machine learning methods are also widely used for ozone concentration prediction (e.g., using random forests, XGBoost, neural networks to predict hourly ozone concentrations, and optimizing model performance through parameter tuning).

[0056] Based on an ozone exceedance risk assessment model, localized ozone exceedance risk thresholds are obtained corresponding to meteorological data. Once a prediction model is established, it can be used to predict future meteorological data, thereby determining the corresponding ozone concentration and whether it exceeds the legally mandated exceedance threshold. For example, a stochastic gradient tree boosting algorithm can be used to predict the average pollutant concentration over the next 24 hours, and a logistic regression model can be used to predict whether the daily ozone concentration exceeds the limit. To improve the accuracy of predictions, the threshold can be lowered to identify more high-concentration events.

[0057] The aforementioned method for obtaining localized ozone exceedance risk thresholds mainly includes three steps: data collection, model building, and threshold determination. Through regression analysis or machine learning models, the relationship between meteorological factors and ozone concentration can be effectively established, and future ozone concentrations can be predicted accordingly, thereby determining whether the legally mandated exceedance thresholds have been reached.

[0058] Example 2:

[0059] This embodiment is a further design based on Embodiment 1, in which the meteorological data includes temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction.

[0060] Example 3:

[0061] This embodiment further designs upon embodiment one in that the precursor includes... and .

[0062] Example 4:

[0063] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 3, further designs the method for obtaining precursor concentration data by including: monitoring the concentration within a region using gas chromatography. Concentration was monitored within the area using chemiluminescence immunoassay. concentration.

[0064] Example 5:

[0065] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further designs the ozone photochemical process by including ozone as a related parameter. Concentration, carbon monoxide Concentration, radiation intensity, photolysis rate, mixed layer height, peracetic acid nitrate Concentration and nitrite concentration.

[0066] Example 6:

[0067] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further incorporates the following method for calculating the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation using an observation-driven model:

[0068] The OBM (Observation-Based Model) was used as the observation-driven model. Real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters were input into the OBM model to calculate the local ozone photochemical generation rate. :

[0069]

[0070] in, ;

[0071]

[0072] In the formula, P(O3) is the net ozone formation rate; F(O3) is the ozone formation term; D(O3) is the ozone consumption term; and k is the rate constant.

[0073] Furthermore, For ozone formation; Ozone depletion item; The rate constant for the reaction HO2 + NO; This represents the concentration of peroxy free radicals (HO2). This refers to the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). The rate constant for the RO2 + NO reaction; This represents the concentration of alkoxy radicals (RO2). The rate constant for the reaction OH + NO2; This represents the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (OH). This refers to the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The rate constant for the reaction O3 + OH; This refers to the concentration of ozone (O3). The rate constant for the reaction of O3 with alkenes; The concentration of olefins; The rate constant for the reaction of O1D (oxygen atom) with H2O; The concentration of oxygen atoms (O1D);

[0074] The measured rate of change in ozone concentration With the calculated local ozone photochemical generation rate Interpolation as the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation , In the formula, This represents the contribution of local photochemical generation to ozone formation.

[0075] Example 7:

[0076] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further includes the following design: the ozone pollution layer identification method in the low-altitude atmosphere in this embodiment also includes: obtaining the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone by analyzing the backscattered laser signal in the mobile monitoring data of lidar, and obtaining the results of local generation, regional transport, vertical transport and stratospheric escape of ozone.

[0077] Example 8:

[0078] The present invention provides a method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere, comprising:

[0079] The ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere is identified using the ozone pollution layer identification method described in any of the above embodiments;

[0080] The firing position, firing height, and firing angle of the gas cannon are set according to the spatial location of the ozone layer, and the firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon are set according to the ozone concentration of the ozone layer.

[0081] The ozone layer is destabilized by shock waves from a gas cannon at a set launch position, launch height, launch angle, launch frequency, launch intensity and duration. The shock waves accelerate turbulent diffusion, causing ozone to settle rapidly in the lower atmosphere.

[0082] Among them, the gas cannon uses the cloud layer intervention and regulation device to emit acoustic shock waves towards the pollution layer. The shock waves act on the atmospheric boundary layer, break the inversion layer structure, enhance vertical turbulence, and promote the vertical diffusion and dilution of ozone.

[0083] The firing parameters of the aforementioned gas cannon (firing position, firing height, firing angle, firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration) can be set as follows:

[0084] Launch location: It is recommended to launch directly below the contaminated area.

[0085] Launch altitude: It is recommended to launch between 1000 and 1500 meters. This altitude range can effectively penetrate the inversion layer and disturb the lower atmosphere. The specific altitude can be adjusted based on the spatial location of the ozone layer. Fine-tuning can be made according to the thickness of the inversion layer. If the inversion layer is thin, the launch altitude can be reduced to 800 meters; if the inversion layer is thick, it can be increased to 1500 meters.

[0086] Launch angle: Maintain a 90-degree angle perpendicular to the ground to ensure the shock wave propagates vertically and maximizes its disturbance effect on the boundary layer. If a wider area needs to be covered or the target area has complex terrain, the launch angle can be adjusted appropriately based on the spatial location of the ozone layer to make the shock wave spread in a cone shape, thus better covering the target area.

[0087] Emission frequency: 1000 shots / hour is recommended. This frequency provides continuous disturbance. The emission frequency can be adjusted based on the ozone concentration in the ozone layer, or dynamically adjusted to 800-1200 shots / hour depending on the disturbance effect. For example, if no significant change in ozone concentration is detected, the emission frequency can be increased appropriately; if a decrease in ozone concentration is detected, the frequency can be decreased appropriately.

[0088] Emission intensity: 65 dB sound energy is recommended, which is sufficient to cause air vibration. The emission intensity can also be adjusted based on the ozone concentration of the ozone layer.

[0089] Duration: 4 hours is recommended. This time range can effectively break the stable structure of the inversion layer. It can be dynamically adjusted to 2-6 hours based on meteorological conditions or ozone concentration in the ozone layer.

[0090] When the shock wave breaks down, the path of the pollution layer / pile to freeze can be predicted by the HYSPLIT model, and the shock wave parameters can be adjusted 2 hours in advance. Alternatively, multiple accelerated sedimentation systems (gas cannons) can be deployed at intervals along the pollutant transmission channel. Through the coordinated action of multiple devices, a progressive treatment chain of "interception-diffusion-sedimentation" can be formed on the transmission path, which strengthens turbulent diffusion, weakens the stability of local pollution piles, and provides a physical basis for ozone deposition.

[0091] A shock wave is a high-intensity, short-duration mechanical wave whose formation and propagation depend on the nonlinear elastic behavior of the medium. This nonlinear behavior gives shock waves extremely high energy density and steep wavefronts, enabling them to generate strong disturbances. The propagation of shock waves leads to localized high-temperature and high-pressure environments; these extreme conditions can trigger physical or chemical changes, with temperatures high enough to dissociate ozone molecules.

[0092] Ozone (O3) is an unstable molecule, and its stability is greatly affected by temperature and pressure. At room temperature and pressure, the dissociation reaction of ozone is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] On the other hand, the deposition of ozone typically involves chemical reactions with other molecules in the atmosphere, such as the reaction with water molecules to generate hydroxyl radicals. ):

[0095]

[0096] This reaction is a key step in the oxidation process involving ozone, and It is a strong oxidant that can further degrade organic pollutants.

[0097] In summary, the physical mechanism of shock waves and ozone deposition involves multi-level interactions. Shock waves can promote the rapid dissociation of ozone; while ozone dissociation products (such as...) These then participate in subsequent oxidation reactions, affecting their distribution and deposition in the atmosphere.

[0098] Example 9:

[0099] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 8, further includes the following design: when the shock wave destabilizes, the method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere further includes: real-time monitoring of the rate of change of ozone-related multidimensional meteorological parameters in the target area, and dynamically adjusting the firing position, firing height, firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon based on the rate of change of multidimensional meteorological parameters to optimize the turbulent diffusion effect.

[0100] The following example further illustrates the above adjustment process:

[0101] Meteorological parameter monitoring: temperature T, relative humidity RH, wind speed ws, wind direction wd, boundary layer thickness h;

[0102] Calculation of rate of change: ,like ;

[0103] Parameter adjustment strategy: The adjustment strategy is triggered based on the rate of change threshold, as shown in the table below:

[0104] Parameter change rate Triggering conditions Adjusting the action <![CDATA[R T >2℃ / h]]> Temperature rises sharply Launch altitude increased by 30%, frequency increased by 30%. <![CDATA[R RH <−5% / h]]> Humidity drops rapidly Emission intensity increased by 20%, and the location shifted towards areas with lower humidity. <![CDATA[R O3 >10% / h]]> Ozone concentration increased Frequency ↑20% ws>10 m / s High wind speed interference Duration ↓50%

[0105] Parameter adjustment: Adjust the launch position, launch altitude, launch frequency, launch intensity, and duration according to the parameter adjustment strategy.

[0106] Example 10:

[0107] This embodiment, based on Embodiment 8, further includes the following: after the shock wave destabilizes, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out according to the wind direction to obtain three-dimensional distribution data of ozone in the boundary layer, the boundary layer disturbance results are evaluated, and the shock wave emission strategy is optimized based on the evaluation of the boundary layer disturbance results.

[0108] If wind speed increases and boundary layer height decreases (turbulence intensifies), then the single launch time should be shortened (to avoid excessive mixing).

[0109] If the wind speed decreases and the boundary layer height increases (stable stratification), the launch time will be extended by 30 minutes.

[0110] Based on the lidar navigation results, the launch position was shifted downwind to the upper part of the boundary layer monitored by the lidar, where ozone concentration is high (concentration > 160 μg m−3), as the new target area.

[0111] Application Example 1:

[0112] This example demonstrates the application of the rapid ozone deposition method in the low-altitude atmosphere of this invention to region A on April 7, 2025. The gas cannon was deployed 10-15 kilometers upwind of the target area under southeasterly wind conditions. Continuous operation for 3 hours (16:00-19:00) achieved a 3-hour continuous improvement in regional ozone pollution. Monitoring data shows that the method of this invention has a significant efficiency in regulating ozone concentration downstream of the transmission channel, specifically as follows:

[0113] I. Optimization Results of Regional Concentration Difference

[0114] Before the operation (14:00-16:00): the hourly average concentration differences between the four downwind areas B, C, D, and E and the upwind area A were -15, 35, -24, and -29 μg / m³, respectively, indicating that these four areas were significantly affected by upstream pollution transport.

[0115] During the operation (17:00-19:00): the average concentration difference between the above-mentioned areas was optimized to -34, -2, -37, and -38 μg / m³, with a difference of 9-37 μg / m³ before and after the operation. Among them, the concentration in area C decreased from 35 μg / m³ higher than that in area A to 2 μg / m³ lower than that in area A, indicating that the system effectively reduced the intensity of cross-regional pollution transport.

[0116] II. Ability to regulate concentration change trends

[0117] Before the operation (14:00-16:00): The average hourly concentration changes in the downwind four areas and the upwind A area were 1.2%, 1.2%, -0.7%, and -2.2%, respectively, indicating that the pollution was spreading.

[0118] During the operation (17:00-19:00): the concentration change range was optimized to -10.8%, -7.9%, -6.1%, and -5.5%, with a difference of -12.0% to -3.3% before and after the operation. The concentration change range in area B changed from 1.2% to -10.8%, achieving a reversal of 12 percentage points.

[0119] III. Summary

[0120] 1. Targeted regulation of transmission channels: For pollution transmission paths dominated by southeasterly winds, the gas cannons create a "barrier effect" 10-15 kilometers upwind, resulting in an improvement of ozone concentration in the downstream area of ​​the transmission channel by 15-30 μg / m³, verifying the system's proactive intervention capability in regional pollution transmission.

[0121] 2. Dynamic response timeliness: Within 3 hours after the operation, the trend of ozone concentration in the four downstream areas changed from rising to continuously declining, indicating that the method of the present invention can quickly establish a disturbance field during the pollution transmission process and shorten the duration of pollution impact.

[0122] 3. Spatial gradient adaptability: In downstream areas far from the operation site, there is also a large concentration difference optimization range (from -15μg / m³ to -30μg / m³), which conforms to the diffusion and attenuation law of "shock wave disturbance + ozone deposition", providing data support for multi-site network governance.

[0123] IV. Application Scenarios Extension

[0124] The test results further validate the system's application value in the following scenarios:

[0125] 1. Joint pollution prevention and control in urban clusters: In areas with active ozone transmission, such as the Yangtze River Delta, gas cannons can be deployed in an upwind gradient to create cross-city pollution interception zones.

[0126] 2. Emergency Warning and Response: In response to ozone bursts during the high-temperature period in summer, operations can be initiated 2-3 hours before pollution transmission to reduce the peak pollution level in the receiver area.

[0127] 3. Special terrain control: In areas with obvious prevailing wind directions, such as valleys and plains, targeted treatment can be achieved by "controlling pollution through disturbance" through precise site selection.

[0128] Application Example 2:

[0129] This example demonstrates the implementation of the rapid ozone deposition method in the low-altitude atmosphere of this invention in region A on April 18, 2025. The gas cannon was deployed near a road 15.3 km southeast of site M and 13.2 km southeast of site N, operating continuously for 4 hours under southeasterly wind (level 1 wind speed, humidity 51-60%, clear weather). Ozone radar and ground observation data simultaneously verified the gas cannon's dynamic control capability against ozone pollution. Specific results are as follows:

[0130] I. Results of LiDAR 3D Monitoring

[0131] When the gas cannon was not in operation, the ozone concentrations at the upwind and downwind locations from the upper atmosphere to near the ground were similar. One hour after the gas cannon began operation, monitoring revealed that ozone had settled to a point 5 km downwind of the operation site. The gas cannon triggered vertical convection, promoting the migration of ozone from the upper atmosphere to near the ground. Two hours after operation, monitoring showed continuous external ozone transport at the upper atmosphere, causing the average ozone concentration at both sites to increase by 34 micrograms per cubic meter. At this point, the settling effect was offset. Four hours after operation, ozone radar again detected ozone settling at a distance of about 2 km from the operation site and at an altitude of 1 km. The ozone concentration settled to a point 4 km from the operation site, after which the ozone data began to decrease. This indicates that the gas cannon can induce ozone settling within a range of 5-10 km when there is no external transport, but continuous external pollution weakens the effect. Therefore, the operation period needs to be dynamically adjusted in conjunction with regional transport warnings.

[0132] II. Ground-based observation of concentration change trends

[0133] Before the operation, the ozone concentration in area A was 152 micrograms per cubic meter, while in area B downwind it was 167 micrograms per cubic meter, 15 micrograms per cubic meter higher, consistent with the characteristics of pollution transport by southeasterly winds. After 2 hours of operation, the ozone concentration in area A was 175 micrograms per cubic meter, while in area B downwind it was 180 micrograms per cubic meter, narrowing the concentration difference to 5 micrograms per cubic meter, indicating that the gas cannon enhanced local mixing and slowed down regional transport and accumulation. After 4 hours of operation, the ozone concentration in area A was 222 micrograms per cubic meter, while in area B downwind it was 170 micrograms per cubic meter, a decrease of 52 micrograms per cubic meter, confirming that the deposition effect spread downstream, and the downstream of the pollution transport channel improved significantly.

[0134] III. Technical Advantages and Application Recommendations

[0135] 1. Emergency disturbance capability: Under stable weather conditions (level 1 wind speed), the gas cannon can cause ozone in the upper atmosphere 4-5km downwind to migrate to the lower atmosphere, thereby reducing the peak ozone level at ground level in the short term.

[0136] 2. Transmission channel control: When the external transmission is weak, the influence range of the gas cannon can reach 10km. It is recommended to deploy it at intervals of 10-15km in the Yangtze River Delta ozone transmission channel to form a regional interception zone.

[0137] 3. Early warning and linkage mechanism: By combining the prediction of the external transmission period with meteorological radar, the gas cannon can be started 1-2 hours in advance, which can improve the settling efficiency and reduce the pollution peak at the provincial control point.

[0138] Application Example 3:

[0139] This example demonstrates the application of the rapid ozone deposition method in the low-altitude atmosphere of this invention in a specific region, and verifies the turbulent accelerated diffusion mechanism induced by the method and its deposition effect on ozone using monitoring data. The example first involves a comparative test of temperature and humidity radar sounding data, conducted from September 22, 2023 to June 9, 2024 at the Nanjing National Reference Climate Station. The test results are shown in Figures 2(a) to 2(d). As can be seen from the figures, the Raman temperature and humidity lidar exhibits good structural stability and laser energy stability, with no abnormal shutdowns. It can operate stably for extended periods in the test environment, ranging from a minimum of -10℃ to a maximum of 30℃, meeting the requirements for long-term observation under various conditions and adapting to field detection needs. Comparison between the Raman temperature and humidity lidar data and sounding data shows a goodness of fit of 0.997 for temperature and a root mean square error of 0.823; and a goodness of fit of 0.984 for water vapor mixing ratio and a root mean square error of 0.420.

[0140] In this example, after implementing the method of the present invention in June 2024, a joint observation was conducted using Raman temperature and humidity radar, ozone radar, and wind radar. The results are shown in Figures 3(a) to 3(d). As can be seen from the figures, the method of the present invention can accelerate turbulent diffusion.

[0141] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere, characterized in that, include: Based on historical meteorological data and ozone concentration data of the target area, a localized ozone exceedance risk threshold associated with the meteorological data is generated through regression analysis or machine learning models. Acquire real-time meteorological data, real-time precursor concentration data, and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters for the target area; When real-time meteorological data meets the localized ozone exceedance risk threshold, the contribution of regional transport to ozone generation is calculated using an observation-driven model based on real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters. When regional transmission contributes more to ozone formation than local photochemical formation, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out based on wind direction, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone are obtained by analyzing the backscattered laser signal. The continuous spatial region in the upper part of the boundary layer where the ozone concentration exceeds the ozone concentration threshold is marked as the ozone pollution layer.

2. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, The meteorological data includes temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction.

3. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precursor includes and .

4. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method for obtaining the precursor concentration data includes: monitoring the concentration area using gas chromatography. Concentration was monitored within the area using chemiluminescence immunoassay. concentration.

5. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters associated with the ozone photochemical process include ozone. Concentration, carbon monoxide Concentration, radiation intensity, photolysis rate, mixed layer height, peracetic acid nitrate Concentration and nitrite concentration.

6. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific method for calculating the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation using an observation-driven model includes: Using the OBM model as an observation-driven model, real-time precursor concentration data and real-time ozone photochemical process correlation parameters were input into the OBM model to calculate the local ozone photochemical generation rate. : ； in, ; ； In the formula, P(O3) is the net ozone formation rate; F(O3) is the ozone formation term; D(O3) is the ozone consumption term; and k is the rate constant. The measured rate of change in ozone concentration With the calculated local ozone photochemical generation rate Interpolation as the contribution of regional transport to ozone formation , In the formula, This represents the contribution of local photochemical generation to ozone formation.

7. The method for identifying the ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: By analyzing the backscattered laser signals in the mobile lidar monitoring data, the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of ozone were obtained, and the results of local ozone generation, regional transport, vertical transport, and stratospheric escape were obtained.

8. A method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere, characterized in that, include: The ozone pollution layer in the low-altitude atmosphere is identified using the ozone pollution layer identification method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; The firing position, firing height, and firing angle of the gas cannon are set according to the spatial location of the ozone pollution layer, and the firing frequency, firing intensity, and duration of the gas cannon are set according to the ozone concentration of the ozone pollution layer. The ozone layer is destabilized by shock waves from a gas cannon at a set launch position, launch height, launch angle, launch frequency, launch intensity and duration. The shock waves accelerate turbulent diffusion, causing ozone to settle rapidly in the lower atmosphere.

9. The method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: When the shock wave destabilizes, the rate of change of ozone-related multidimensional meteorological parameters in the target area is monitored in real time, and the firing position, firing height, firing angle, firing frequency, firing intensity and duration of the gas cannon are dynamically adjusted based on the rate of change of the multidimensional meteorological parameters to optimize the turbulent diffusion effect.

10. The method for rapid ozone deposition in the low-altitude atmosphere according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: After the shock wave destabilizes, ozone lidar mobile monitoring is carried out according to the wind direction to obtain three-dimensional distribution data of ozone in the boundary layer, evaluate the boundary layer disturbance results, and optimize the shock wave emission strategy based on the evaluated boundary layer disturbance results.

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