Heavy ammonium nitrate explosive and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of industrial explosive production, and discloses a heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive which is prepared by mixing 20.0-80.0% of porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and 20.0-80.0% of a latex matrix, wherein the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive comprises porous granular ammonium nitrate, fuel oil and charcoal powder slurry; the latex matrix comprises ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, water, a composite oil phase, micron charcoal powder and 1.5-3% of glass microspheres based on the total mass of the above-mentioned raw materials. The preparation method of the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive is also disclosed. The preparation method is simple and effective, and the prepared heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive can ensure excellent explosive performance, replace non-renewable substances in the original explosive with renewable substances, and achieve the purposes of low carbon, environmental protection, low cost and high performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of industrial explosives production technology, specifically relating to a heavy ammonium phosphate explosive and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy ammonium phosphate (HAM) explosives, widely used in industrial blasting, combine the advantages of porous granular HAM explosives (low cost and readily available raw materials) with the excellent detonation performance and good water resistance of emulsion explosives, playing a vital role in infrastructure fields such as mining, water conservancy, and transportation. Traditional HAM explosives, particularly the porous granular HAM component, rely on diesel fuel, a non-renewable petroleum derivative, which does not meet the low-carbon and environmentally friendly requirements of the "dual-carbon" goal. The composite oil phase in the latex matrix component is also primarily composed of non-renewable petrochemical oils, resulting in high costs. CN105367361B discloses a method for preparing HAM explosives using waste engine oil, which is low-cost and recycles waste engine oil, meeting low-carbon and environmentally friendly requirements; however, the performance of the resulting explosive is reduced. While other patents and literature disclose some solutions to improve detonation performance, their raw materials are either expensive or environmentally unfriendly. Therefore, to meet the demand for "excellent detonation performance and low-carbon environmental friendliness," the development of low-carbon, high-performance HAM explosives is crucial. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heavy ammonium nitrate explosive that overcomes the defects in the prior art and, while ensuring the excellent performance of the explosive, uses renewable materials to replace the original non-renewable materials in the explosive.

[0004] The second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing heavy ammonium nitrate explosive, which is simple and effective.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A heavy ammonium nitrate (HAM) explosive is prepared by mixing 20.0% to 80.0% by mass of porous granular HAM explosive and 20.0% to 80.0% by mass of latex matrix. The porous granular HAM explosive comprises the following components by mass percentage: 90.82% to 92.45% porous granular ammonium nitrate, 1.97% to 2.32% fuel oil, and 5.58% to 6.86% charcoal powder slurry. The latex matrix comprises the following components by mass percentage: 71.66% to 72% ammonium nitrate, 9.95% to 10% sodium nitrate, 1.99% to 2% urea, 8.96% to 9% water, 3.98% to 7% composite oil phase, 0% to 3.46% micronized charcoal powder, and 1.5% to 3% glass microspheres by mass of the total mass of the above raw materials.

[0007] Preferably, the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared by mixing 20% ​​by weight of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive and 80.0% by weight of latex matrix; the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive is prepared by mixing the following components by weight percentage: 1.97% fuel oil, 92.45% porous granular ammonium nitrate, and 5.58% charcoal powder slurry; the latex matrix includes the following components by weight percentage: 72% ammonium nitrate, 10% sodium nitrate, 2% urea, 9% water, and 7% composite oil phase, as well as 2% by weight of glass microspheres of the total mass of the above raw materials.

[0008] Furthermore, the porous granular ammonium nitrate is industrial porous granular ammonium nitrate, conforming to the HG / T 3280-2011 standard, with a water content ≤0.1%, an oil absorption rate ≥8%, and a particle size of 1.0mm~2.8mm content ≥85%.

[0009] Furthermore, the fuel oil includes one or more of diesel, biodiesel, and low-cooling-point oleic acid.

[0010] Furthermore, the charcoal powder slurry is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 49.15%–81.10% micronized charcoal powder, 12.26%–42.20% activator, 6.44%–8.82% recycled fuel oil, and 0.2%–0.3% anti-caking agent.

[0011] Furthermore, the renewable fuel oil includes one of biodiesel and low-cooling-point oleic acid; the biodiesel is first-generation biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester); the low-cooling-point oleic acid is industrial low-cooling-point oleic acid with a freezing point ≤ -8℃.

[0012] Preferably, the charcoal powder slurry is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 77.65% micronized charcoal powder, 13.23% activator, 8.82% recycled fuel oil, and 0.3% anti-caking agent.

[0013] Furthermore, the micron-sized charcoal powder is pure wood charcoal powder with a particle size of 100-200 mesh; the activator is industrial potassium perchlorate with a purity of ≥98%; and the anti-caking agent is butyl oleate.

[0014] Furthermore, the composite oil phase is composed of diesel oil, composite wax, and SP-80 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the average particle size of the glass microspheres is 50 μm.

[0015] Furthermore, the composite wax is a composite wax specifically for emulsion explosives, prepared by a eutectic method.

[0016] A method for preparing heavy ammonium phosphate explosive includes the following steps:

[0017] Step (1) Preparation of charcoal powder slurry: Micronized charcoal powder and activator are added to the first mixing device according to the proportion; at a speed of 30-100 r / min, recycled fuel oil and anti-caking agent are atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device according to the proportion, and mixed with micronized charcoal powder and activator; after the recycled fuel oil and anti-caking agent are sprayed in, the mixture is stirred for 5-10 min at a speed of 30-100 r / min to obtain charcoal powder slurry;

[0018] Step (2) Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive: Add porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device according to the proportion; spray fuel oil into the second mixing device after atomization at a speed of 30-100 r / min, stir for 5-10 min, and then add the charcoal powder slurry prepared in step (1) to the second mixing device according to the proportion, and stir for 5-10 min at a speed of 100-200 r / min to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive explosive product;

[0019] Step (3) Preparation of latex matrix: Ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea and water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank according to the proportion and heated to 95-105℃; the composite oil phase is mixed in an oil phase mixing tank according to the proportion and heated to 85-95℃; the liquid in the aqueous phase is sent to the emulsifier, and the composite oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at a speed of 800-1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix; then micron-sized charcoal powder is added to the emulsifier according to the proportion, and stirred at a speed of 50-150 r / min for 3-5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix; after the matrix temperature drops to 30-50℃, glass microspheres of 1.5-3% of the total mass of the crude latex matrix are added to sensitize the matrix, and mechanically stirred for 2 min to obtain the finished latex matrix.

[0020] Step (4) Preparation of finished heavy ammonium nitrate explosive: The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and the latex matrix obtained in step (3) are added to the third mixing device in proportion and stirred at 50-150 r / min for 5-10 min to obtain the finished heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0021] Preferably, the first mixing device, the second mixing device, and the third mixing device are all reaction vessels equipped with a stirring system and a temperature control system.

[0022] Preferably, the atomized spraying process is completed by a spraying and feeding device, which is a spraying device equipped with an atomizing nozzle.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The combustible agent in the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive component of this invention can be made from recycled materials, achieving the goal of low carbon and environmental protection. Using micron-sized charcoal powder to replace part of the composite oil phase in the latex matrix and as a raw material for the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive effectively reduces and controls costs. Furthermore, the addition of an activator to the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive of this invention improves the explosive's reactivity and detonation performance, thus achieving the goals of low carbon and environmental protection, low cost, and high performance.

[0025] (1) Excellent detonation performance: The activator in the charcoal powder slurry achieves full contact between the oxidant and the reducing agent, which improves the reactivity of the explosive and regulates the oxygen balance to achieve "self-activation and detonation assistance"; the glass microspheres form uniformly distributed micro bubbles in the latex matrix, forming hot spots, which significantly improves the detonation sensitivity and detonation stability of the explosive.

[0026] (2) Cost control: Micron-sized charcoal powder, biodiesel and other recycled raw materials are inexpensive and flexible in compounding ratio. The ratio of ammonium nitrate explosive to latex matrix can be adjusted according to demand, so as to reduce and control production costs while ensuring performance.

[0027] (3) Outstanding environmental protection characteristics: The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive uses recycled micron-sized charcoal powder and biodiesel to replace part of the diesel, reducing dependence on non-renewable resources and meeting the "dual carbon" target; the latex matrix uses micron-sized charcoal powder to partially replace the composite oil phase, reducing the amount of non-renewable petrochemical oils added.

[0028] In summary, the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive of the present invention has the beneficial effects of being low-carbon and environmentally friendly while ensuring detonation performance, and the preparation method is simple. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the detonation velocity testing device and the propellant column of the present invention (the propellant column is on the left). Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments:

[0032] The materials used in this invention are sourced or specified as follows: Diesel: No. 0 diesel; Biodiesel: Jinan Keruida Chemical Co., Ltd., industrial grade biodiesel; Low-cold-point oleic acid: Weifang Daming Biotechnology Co., Ltd., industrial low-cold-point oleic acid with a freezing point ≤-8℃; Porous granular ammonium nitrate: Henan Jinkai Chemical Investment Holding Group Co., Ltd., industrial porous granular ammonium nitrate; Micron-sized charcoal powder: Zhangji Charcoal Powder Products Co., Ltd., Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, pure wood charcoal powder; Potassium perchlorate: industrial grade, purity ≥98%; Butyl oleate: Wuhan Kemike Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., industrial grade, purity ≥98%; Urea: Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd., analytical grade; Composite oil phase: Anhui Jin'aobo New Material Technology Co., Ltd., industrial grade; Glass microspheres: Yituo Technology Co., Ltd., D50 is 50μm.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 77.65 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82 grams and 0.3 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 30 r / min for 10 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0035] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 5 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0036] Step 3, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 95°C. 70 g of the composite oil phase is placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 85°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase is pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. After the matrix temperature drops to 30°C, 3% (by weight) of the crude latex matrix is ​​added to sensitize the matrix.

[0037] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 800 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 200 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 150 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 77.65 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82 grams and 0.3 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 30 r / min for 10 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0040] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 5 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0041] Step 3, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): Mix 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heat to 105°C; place 70 g of the composite oil phase in an oil phase mixing tank and heat to 95°C. Pump the liquid in the aqueous phase into an emulsifier, and slowly pump the oil phase into the emulsifier at a speed of 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix; after the matrix temperature drops to 40°C, add 2% (by weight) of glass microspheres from the total mass of the semi-finished latex matrix to sensitize the matrix.

[0042] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 500 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 500 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 77.65 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82 grams and 0.3 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 30 r / min for 10 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0045] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 5 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0046] Step 3, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 70 g of the composite oil phase is placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase is pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. After the matrix temperature drops to 40°C, 2% (by weight) of glass microspheres are added to sensitize the matrix.

[0047] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 200 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 800 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 81.1 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 12.26 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 6.44 grams and 0.2 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0050] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 200 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product.

[0051] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 718.8 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.8 g of sodium nitrate, 20.0 g of urea, and 89.9 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 59.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 11.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 50 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 45°C, 1.5% of the total mass of the crude latex matrix was added to sensitize the matrix.

[0052] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 800 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 200 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 81.1 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 12.26 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 6.44 grams and 0.2 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0055] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 200 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product.

[0056] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 718.8 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.8 g of sodium nitrate, 20.0 g of urea, and 89.9 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 59.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 11.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 35°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0057] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 500 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 500 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100 grams): 81.1 grams of micronized charcoal powder and 12.26 grams of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 6.44 grams and 0.2 grams, respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0060] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per 1 kg): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 200 r / min for 5 min to obtain the finished product.

[0061] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 718.8 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.8 g of sodium nitrate, 20.0 g of urea, and 89.9 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 95°C. 59.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 95°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 800 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 11.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 50 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 50°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0062] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 200 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 800 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 50 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0063] Example 7

[0064] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): 77.65g of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23g of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82g and 0.3g respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0065] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive finished product (per kilogram): Add 908.2 grams of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 23.2 grams of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 68.6 grams of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0066] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 717.7 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.7 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.7 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 49.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 23.1 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 150 r / min for 3 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 40°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0067] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 800 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 200 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 50 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0068] Example 8

[0069] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): 77.65g of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23g of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82g and 0.3g respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0070] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive finished product (per kilogram): Add 908.2 grams of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 23.2 grams of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 30 r / min for 10 min; then add 68.6 grams of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0071] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 717.7 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.7 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.7 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 49.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 23.1 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 150 r / min for 3 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 50°C, 1.5% of the total mass of the crude latex matrix was added to sensitize the matrix.

[0072] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 500 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 500 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0073] Example 9

[0074] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): 77.65g of micronized charcoal powder and 13.23g of potassium perchlorate were added to the first mixing device; biodiesel and butyl oleate were atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.82g and 0.3g respectively, and mixed with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate. The mixture was stirred in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain the charcoal powder slurry.

[0075] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive finished product (per kilogram): Add 908.2 grams of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 23.2 grams of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 68.6 grams of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0076] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 717.7 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.7 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.7 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 49.9 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 23.1 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 40°C, glass microspheres (2% of the total mass of the crude latex matrix) were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0077] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 200 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 800 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0078] Example 10

[0079] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): Add 49.15g of micronized charcoal powder and 42.2g of potassium perchlorate to the first mixing device; atomize biodiesel and butyl oleate into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.45g and 0.2g respectively, mix with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate, and stir in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain charcoal powder slurry.

[0080] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive finished product (per kilogram): Add 924.5 grams of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 grams of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 30 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 grams of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0081] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 716.6 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.5 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.6 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 105°C. 39.8 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 95°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 800 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 34.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 50 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 40°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0082] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 800 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 200 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0083] Example 11

[0084] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): Add 49.15g of micronized charcoal powder and 42.2g of potassium perchlorate to the first mixing device; atomize biodiesel and butyl oleate into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.45g and 0.2g respectively, mix with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate, and stir in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain charcoal powder slurry.

[0085] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per kilogram): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0086] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 716.6 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.5 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.6 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 39.8 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 34.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 40°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0087] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 500 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 500 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0088] Example 12

[0089] Step 1, Preparation of charcoal powder slurry (per 100g): Add 49.15g of micronized charcoal powder and 42.2g of potassium perchlorate to the first mixing device; atomize biodiesel and butyl oleate into the first mixing device at amounts of 8.45g and 0.2g respectively, mix with the micronized charcoal powder and potassium perchlorate, and stir in the first mixing device at a speed of 50r / min for 8min to obtain charcoal powder slurry.

[0090] Step 2, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per kilogram): Add 924.5 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device; atomize 19.7 g of biodiesel into the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min; then add 55.8 g of the charcoal powder slurry prepared in the first step to the second mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product.

[0091] Step 3, Preparation of latex matrix (per 1 kg): 716.6 g of ammonium nitrate, 99.5 g of sodium nitrate, 19.9 g of urea, and 89.6 g of water were mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 39.8 g of composite oil phase was placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase was pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase was slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix. 34.6 g of micronized charcoal powder was added to the emulsifier and stirred at 100 r / min for 5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix. After the matrix temperature dropped to 40°C, 2% by weight of glass microspheres were added to sensitize the matrix.

[0092] Step 4, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): Add 200 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and 800 g of the latex matrix obtained in step (3) to the third mixing device and stir at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] Step 1, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per kg): 945 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate is pumped into a stirring device after being metered; at a speed of 100 r / min, 55 g of diesel oil is atomized and sprayed into the stirring device after being metered by a flow meter, and stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0095] Step 2, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 70 g of the composite oil phase is placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase is pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain the latex matrix. After the matrix temperature drops to 40°C, 2% (by weight) of glass microspheres are added to sensitize the matrix.

[0096] Step 3, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): 800 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive prepared in step (1) and 200 g of latex matrix prepared in step (2) are respectively pumped into the third mixing device after being quantitatively processed, and stirred at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0097] Comparative Example 2

[0098] Step 1, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per kg): 945 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate is pumped into a stirring device after being metered; at a speed of 100 r / min, 55 g of diesel oil is atomized and sprayed into the stirring device after being metered by a flow meter, and stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0099] Step 2, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 70 g of the composite oil phase is placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase is pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain the latex matrix. After the matrix temperature drops to 40°C, 2% (by weight) of glass microspheres are added to sensitize the matrix.

[0100] Step 3, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): 500 g of the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive prepared in step (1) and 500 g of the latex matrix prepared in step (2) are respectively pumped into the third mixing device after being quantitatively processed, and stirred at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0101] Comparative Example 3

[0102] Step 1, Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive (per kg): 945 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate is pumped into a stirring device after being metered; at a speed of 100 r / min, 55 g of diesel oil is atomized and sprayed into the stirring device after being metered by a flow meter, and stirred at a speed of 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0103] Step 2, Preparation of the latex matrix (per 1 kg): 720 g of ammonium nitrate, 100 g of sodium nitrate, 20 g of urea, and 90 g of water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank and heated to 100°C. 70 g of the composite oil phase is placed in an oil phase mixing tank and heated to 90°C. The liquid in the aqueous phase is pumped into an emulsifier, and the oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at 1000 r / min to obtain the latex matrix. After the matrix temperature drops to 40°C, 2% (by weight) of glass microspheres are added to sensitize the matrix.

[0104] Step 3, prepare the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive (based on 1 kg): 200 g of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (1) and 800 g of latex matrix obtained in step (2) are respectively pumped into the third mixing device after being quantitatively processed, and stirred at 100 r / min for 10 min to obtain the finished product of heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

[0105] Results and Analysis:

[0106] 1. Detonation Velocity Performance: Detonation velocities of Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested according to the test methods in GB / T 13228-2015 "Methods for Detonation Velocity Determination of Industrial Explosives". The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive prepared by this invention has a detonation velocity similar to that of superior products prepared in the prior art, fully meeting market demands. However, this invention achieves low-carbon and environmentally friendly goals because the combustible agent can be recycled. The use of micron-sized charcoal powder to replace part of the composite oil phase in the latex matrix and as a raw material for porous granular ammonium nitrate explosives effectively reduces and controls costs; therefore, it achieves the goals of low-carbon environmental protection and cost savings.

[0107] Table 1. Test results of detonation velocity performance of heavy ammonium phosphate explosives

[0108] Example Content (%) of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive Latex matrix content (%) Explosive speed (m / s) Example 1 80 20 3882 Example 2 50 50 4766 Example 3 20 80 5088 Example 4 80 20 3211 Example 5 50 50 4613 Example 6 20 80 5028 Example 7 80 20 3085 Example 8 50 50 4307 Example 9 20 80 5014 Example 10 80 20 3330 Example 11 50 50 4344 Example 12 20 80 5030 Comparative Example 1 80 20 3483 Comparative Example 2 50 50 4648 Comparative Example 3 20 80 5032

[0109] 2. Impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity: The impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested according to the test methods in WJ / T 9052 "Test Method for Sensitivity of Industrial Explosives". The test results are shown in Table 2. The results show that the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive prepared by the present invention is similar to the existing technology products in terms of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity, and therefore can meet the market application requirements.

[0110] Table 2. Test results of sensitivity performance indicators of heavy ammonium phosphate explosives

[0111] Content (%) of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive Latex matrix content (%) Impact sensitivity (%) Friction sensitivity (%) Example 1 80 20 4 0 Example 2 50 50 4 0 Example 3 20 80 4 0 Example 4 80 20 8 0 Example 5 50 50 4 0 Example 6 20 80 4 0 Example 7 80 20 4 4 Example 8 50 50 4 0 Example 9 20 80 4 0 Example 10 80 20 8 4 Example 11 50 50 4 0 Example 12 20 80 4 0 Comparative Example 1 80 20 4 0 Comparative Example 2 50 50 4 0 Comparative Example 3 20 80 4 0

[0112] 3. Room temperature storage experiment: Room temperature storage experiments were conducted on the products of Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1-3, and the appearance of the heavy ammonium nitrate explosive was observed. The results are shown in Table 3. The results of room temperature storage for three months were similar for all examples and comparative examples, indicating that the products of the present invention have good storage performance, no clumping occurred after six months, and there was no demulsification on the surface, which meets the product requirements.

[0113] Table 3. Storage test results of heavy ammonium nitrate explosives

[0114] one month Three months Six months Example 1 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 2 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 3 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 4 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 5 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 6 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 7 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 8 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 9 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 10 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 11 No clumping No clumping No clumping Example 12 No clumping No clumping No clumping Comparative Example 1 No clumping No clumping No clumping Comparative Example 2 No clumping No clumping No clumping Comparative Example 3 No clumping No clumping No clumping

[0115] It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heavy ammonium phosphate explosive, characterized in that: It is prepared by mixing 20.0% to 80.0% by mass of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive and 20.0% to 80.0% by mass of latex matrix. The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive comprises the following components by mass percentage: 90.82% to 92.45% porous granular ammonium nitrate, 1.97% to 2.32% fuel oil, and 5.58% to 6.86% charcoal powder slurry. The latex matrix comprises the following components by mass percentage: 71.66% to 72% ammonium nitrate, 9.95% to 10% sodium nitrate, 1.99% to 2% urea, 8.96% to 9% water, 3.98% to 7% composite oil phase, 0% to 3.46% micronized charcoal powder, and 1.5% to 3% glass microspheres by mass of the total mass of the above raw materials.

2. The heavy ammonium phosphate explosive as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The heavy ammonium nitrate explosive is made by mixing 20% ​​by weight of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive and 80.0% by weight of latex matrix; the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive is made by mixing the following components by weight percentage: 1.97% fuel oil, 92.45% porous granular ammonium nitrate, and 5.58% charcoal powder slurry; the latex matrix includes the following components by weight percentage: 72% ammonium nitrate, 10% sodium nitrate, 2% urea, 9% water, and 7% composite oil phase, as well as 2% by weight of glass microspheres of the total mass of the above raw materials.

3. The heavy ammonium nitrate explosive as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel oil includes one or more of diesel, biodiesel, and low-cooling-point oleic acid.

4. The heavy ammonium nitrate explosive as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The charcoal powder slurry is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 49.15%–81.10% micronized charcoal powder, 12.26%–42.20% activator, 6.44%–8.82% recycled fuel oil, and 0.2%–0.3% anti-caking agent.

5. The heavy ammonium phosphate explosive as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The recycled fuel oil includes one of biodiesel and low-cooling-point oleic acid.

6. The heavy ammonium nitrate explosive as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The charcoal powder slurry is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 77.65% micronized charcoal powder, 13.23% activator, 8.82% recycled fuel oil, and 0.3% anti-caking agent.

7. The heavy ammonium nitrate explosive as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The composite oil phase is composed of diesel oil, composite wax, and SP-80 in a mass ratio of 1:1:

1.

8. The method for preparing heavy ammonium nitrate explosive as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step (1) Preparation of charcoal powder slurry: Micronized charcoal powder and activator are added to the first mixing device according to the proportion; at a speed of 30-100 r / min, recycled fuel oil and anti-caking agent are atomized and sprayed into the first mixing device according to the proportion, and mixed with micronized charcoal powder and activator; after the recycled fuel oil and anti-caking agent are sprayed in, the mixture is stirred for 5-10 min at a speed of 30-100 r / min to obtain charcoal powder slurry; Step (2) Preparation of porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive: Add porous granular ammonium nitrate to the second mixing device according to the proportion; spray fuel oil into the second mixing device after atomization at a speed of 30-100 r / min, stir for 5-10 min, and then add the charcoal powder slurry prepared in step (1) to the second mixing device according to the proportion, and stir for 5-10 min at a speed of 100-200 r / min to obtain the porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive explosive product; Step (3) Preparation of latex matrix: Ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea and water are mixed in an aqueous phase mixing tank according to the proportion and heated to 95-105℃; the composite oil phase is mixed in an oil phase mixing tank according to the proportion and heated to 85-95℃; the liquid in the aqueous phase is sent to the emulsifier, and the composite oil phase is slowly pumped into the emulsifier at a speed of 800-1200 r / min to obtain a semi-finished latex matrix; then micron-sized charcoal powder is added to the emulsifier according to the proportion, and stirred at a speed of 50-150 r / min for 3-5 min to obtain a crude latex matrix; after the matrix temperature drops to 30-50℃, glass microspheres of 1.5-3% of the total mass of the crude latex matrix are added to sensitize the matrix, and mechanically stirred for 2 min to obtain the finished latex matrix. Step (4) Preparation of finished heavy ammonium nitrate explosive: The porous granular ammonium nitrate explosive obtained in step (2) and the latex matrix obtained in step (3) are added to the third mixing device in proportion and stirred at 50-150 r / min for 5-10 min to obtain the finished heavy ammonium nitrate explosive.

Images