A pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy bases and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali, belonging to the technical field of heavy alkali centrifuges. It includes an oil tank that also serves as the machine base, a bearing housing fixed thereon supporting a hollow shaft, and a pusher shaft nested within the hollow shaft, rotating synchronously via a guide key and driven reciprocating by a compound piston. Three concentrically nested drums, each containing cylindrical and conical sections, are used. Each drum has a corresponding screen and pressure ring fixed to it. A pusher plate connects to the bottom of the second-stage drums, and a feeding cone is mounted on the pusher plate, with a feed pipe extending into the feeding cone. Multiple wash water pipes are installed at the product chamber door, their positions adjustable via adjusting bolts. Waste washing liquid and circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separators are connected to the drum drain ports, with the circulating liquid returning to the wash water pipes. A partition seal is installed between the bearing housing and the product chamber, and a stuffing box seal is installed between the bottom of the third-stage drums and the pusher shaft. This device improves separation efficiency and resource utilization through staged centrifugal dehydration and adjustable washing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of heavy alkali centrifuges, specifically a pusher centrifuge and method for direct separation of heavy alkali. Background Technology

[0002] In the production of soda ash, the separation of heavy soda ash (NaHCO3) slurry is a crucial step determining product quality and production energy consumption. Current technologies for heavy soda ash separation primarily employ belt filters, vacuum drum filters, or ordinary pusher centrifuges, but all have significant drawbacks: belt filters and vacuum drum filters rely on vacuum units, resulting in high energy consumption and insufficient filtration driving force, leading to high moisture content in wet heavy soda ash and significant steam consumption in subsequent calcination stages; while ordinary pusher centrifuges can reduce moisture content to some extent, their fixed washing pipe positions prevent them from adapting to changes in material particle size and adhesion. The problems include: poor washing uniformity due to improper adjustment of the spray angle and radial position; high salt and impurity residue in the filter cake; low recycling rate of the washing liquid due to lack of classification, resulting in water waste and increased costs; lack of effective guiding structure in the feeding and distribution system leading to slurry accumulation or uneven distribution; inconsistent filter cake thickness causing equipment vibration and affecting stability; unreasonable drum structure design causing poor material pushing, easy accumulation and blockage, reducing separation efficiency; and excessive loss of fine crystals with mother liquor, affecting product yield. These defects not only restrict the improvement of production efficiency but also make it difficult to meet the requirements of green manufacturing and resource recycling.

[0003] Patent CN1299991C discloses a novel alkali filtration process and equipment. The filtration process involves the heavy carbonization extract (crystal slurry) being depressurized and then fed into a CO2 stripping tank 1, where excess dissolved CO2 is released and discharged from the top of the tank. This gas is sent to a calcining furnace gas scrubbing tower, where it is washed, compressed, and then used for carbonization. The crystal slurry after CO2 stripping flows by gravity into a thickener 2 containing honeycomb packing. The mother liquor containing fine crystals rises in the thickener, passing through the honeycomb packing, causing most of the fine crystals to settle into the crystal slurry thickening zone. The clarified liquid overflows into a mother liquor tank. After thickening in the thickening zone, the crystal slurry flows by gravity into a multi-stage pusher centrifuge 3 for centrifugal separation. The filtrate flows by gravity into a filtrate tank 6, and is then pumped by a pump 7 to the mother liquor tank. The crystal slurry deposited at the bottom of the filtrate tank is intermittently pumped back to the thickener 2 by the pump 7. This process can reduce the moisture content of heavy alkali to about 10%; increase the calcining furnace capacity by 15%-30%; save 7.5 kWh / ton of electricity; 35 kg / ton of steam; and 0.5 cubic meters / ton of water. The aforementioned device employs a fixed semi-circular spray pipe design, achieving washing liquid spraying through 6-30 horizontal slits evenly distributed. The opening direction is fixed at a 20°-50° angle to the direction of drum rotation. This fixed spray structure cannot dynamically adjust the spray angle and position according to material characteristics, resulting in uneven washing liquid distribution and difficulty in matching the washing needs of different materials. Therefore, it is urgent for those skilled in the art to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention addresses the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art by employing a three-stage nested drum structure, combined with an adjustable washing system. Multiple washing pipes are adjusted radially using nuts and adjusting bolts, and a washing liquid recovery system is implemented. The waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator and the circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator significantly improve the efficiency of heavy alkali separation.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted in this invention are as follows: A pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkalis includes: The fuel tank also serves as the machine base; The bearing housing is fixedly installed on the top of the oil tank; A hollow shaft is inserted through the center of the bearing housing and can rotate around its own axis; The push rod shaft is coaxially inserted inside the hollow shaft, and rotates synchronously with the hollow shaft via a guide key and can reciprocate along the axial direction; A three-stage nested drum system is installed at the upper end of the hollow shaft, comprising a first-stage drum, a second-stage drum, and a third-stage drum that are concentrically nested from the inside out. The feed pipe is vertically inserted into the upper opening of the three-stage drum; The fabric cone is located inside the upper opening of the three-stage drum and corresponds to the end of the feed pipe; Multiple washing pipes are arranged around the inside of the three-stage rotating drum; The gas-liquid separator assembly, located outside the three-stage drum, includes a waste washing liquid separator and a circulating washing liquid separator.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solutions, the equipment structure is simplified through the design of the oil tank serving as the machine base. The bearing housing is fixed to the top of the oil tank to provide stable support for the core components. The coaxial nesting of the hollow shaft and the push rod shaft, combined with the guide key, ensures both synchronous rotation accuracy and power transmission for axial reciprocating motion, solving the problem of poor motion coordination in traditional equipment. The three-stage concentric nesting of the drums constructs a progressive dewatering channel, and the combination of cylindrical and conical sections improves the efficiency of centrifugal force utilization. The corresponding positions of the feed pipe and the distribution cone ensure uniform slurry distribution, and multiple washing water pipes surround and cover the washing area. The dual-channel design of the gas-liquid separator enables the classified recycling of washing liquid, saving resources and reducing pollution. The overall assembly is compact and precisely positioned, ensuring stable and efficient operation of the equipment and effectively reducing the moisture content of the filter cake and energy consumption.

[0007] Furthermore, the three-stage nested drum system also includes a pusher plate, which is connected to the bottom of the second-stage drum and reciprocates along the axial direction with the second-stage drum; The first-stage drum is fixed to the bottom of the third-stage drum, the second-stage drum is connected to the upper end of the push rod shaft, and the third-stage drum is connected to the upper end of the hollow shaft. The three-stage drum has a three-stage screen fixed inside by a three-stage pressure ring, the inner wall of the two-stage drum has a two-stage screen fixed inside by a two-stage pressure ring, and the inner wall of the one-stage drum has a one-stage screen fixed inside by a one-stage pressure ring. The aperture size of the primary screen is 0.05 mm, the aperture size of the secondary screen is 0.08 mm, and the aperture size of the tertiary screen is 0.10 mm.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the fixed connection between the screen and the drum ensures the synergy between filtration and drum movement, improving the dewatering effect. In the first-stage drum, the material is first pushed to the second-stage drum by the pusher plate, then to the third-stage drum by the first-stage pressure ring, and finally pushed out of the third-stage drum by the second-stage pressure ring, constructing a stable material delivery chain. As the pusher plate reciprocates with the second-stage drum, it smoothly pushes the filter cake, preventing accumulation and clogging, and reducing equipment vibration. The staged filtration design of each screen corresponding to each drum stage allows for gradual dewatering and improved material quality. The transmission cooperation between the pressure ring and the pusher plate ensures continuous material flow, reducing the need for manual intervention. This assembly optimizes the material transfer path, enhances the stability and reliability of equipment operation, and solves the problem of uneven filter cake distribution in traditional equipment.

[0009] Furthermore, the axial position of the feed pipe can be adjusted by adjusting bolts; the inner wall of the fabric cone is welded with an acceleration strip.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the washing pipe is fixed with a flange structure, ensuring installation stability and sealing. Adjusting the bolts and nuts allows for flexible radial position adjustment, optimizing the spray angle and coverage area according to material characteristics, thus solving the problem of poor adaptability of traditional fixed washing pipes. Radial adjustment improves washing uniformity, enhances impact force to reduce impurity residue, and improves product purity. The flange connection balances stability and adjustment flexibility, significantly improving the adaptability and efficiency of the washing process and reducing resource waste.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-channel washing pipe includes at least three annular pipes, the radial position of which can be adjusted by adjusting bolts; each annular pipe has at least one set of nozzles evenly distributed circumferentially. The multi-stage washing pipe includes a first multi-stage washing pipe and a second multi-stage washing pipe. The first multi-stage washing pipe is located inside the first-stage screen, and the second multi-stage washing pipe is located inside the second-stage screen. The adjusting bolt connects the multi-channel washing pipe and the product chamber door via a nut, fixing the multi-channel washing pipe in the washing pipe seat. The multi-channel washing pipe passes through the product chamber door and is installed inside the pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali. The radial position of the multi-channel washing pipe is adjusted by the adjusting bolt.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the product chamber is directly connected to the gas-liquid separator, ensuring effective collection of the washing liquid. The circulating washing liquid is returned to the wash water pipe, forming a closed-loop system, saving water resources and reducing wastewater discharge. Waste washing liquid is discharged separately to avoid contaminating the circulation system, ensuring the improved cleanliness of the washing liquid. The simplified fluid path reduces the risk of leakage, improves the system's economy and environmental friendliness, and aligns with the concept of green manufacturing.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes: A stuffing box seal is provided between the three-stage drum and the push rod shaft; The diaphragm sealing assembly is located between the bearing housing and the product chamber and adopts a carbon ring sealing structure.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the position of the feed pipe can be adjusted by adjusting bolts to adapt to different flow rates and ensure that the slurry enters the drum evenly. Accelerator strips on the inner wall of the distribution cone guide the slurry to disperse more quickly, preventing accumulation and slippage, and improving initial filtration efficiency. This solves the problem of uneven feed distribution in traditional methods, reduces vibration caused by differences in filter cake thickness, and improves the stability of subsequent processes. Adjusting bolts enhance adaptability, and accelerator strips optimize material flow, laying the foundation for efficient separation.

[0015] The present invention further discloses a method for direct separation of heavy alkali, which utilizes a pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali to separate the heavy alkali, specifically including the following steps: Step S1. Feeding and distributing: The heavy alkali slurry is conveyed to the distributing cone through the feed pipe, so that the heavy alkali slurry is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the first-stage drum; Step S2. Three-stage centrifugal dewatering: The heavy alkali slurry is dewatered in stages by the synchronous rotation of the three-stage drum system; Step S3. Reciprocating feeding: The push rod shaft drives the secondary drum and the pusher disc to reciprocate along the axial direction, pushing the heavy alkali slurry from the primary drum to the secondary drum and the tertiary drum in sequence; Step S4. Multiple washing: Spray washing liquid into the heavy alkali slurry in the three-stage rotary drum system through the multiple washing pipes; Step S5. Washing liquid circulation: The washing liquid is recovered and recycled through the gas-liquid separator assembly.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, and through the coordinated steps of feeding and spreading, three-stage dewatering, reciprocating feeding, multiple washing stages, and washing liquid circulation, the entire process of heavy alkali separation is highly efficient and optimized. Each step is closely integrated, improving dewatering efficiency and washing effect, while simultaneously achieving resource recycling and reducing production costs and environmental impact.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S1, the axial position of the feed pipe is adjusted by the adjusting bolt so that the heavy alkali slurry is evenly distributed under the action of the acceleration strip on the inner wall of the fabric cone.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the primary screen mesh pores are designed to accommodate heavy alkali particles, balancing filtration speed and retention capacity, reducing fine crystal loss and improving filter cake quality. Combined with the guiding of the feeding cone and acceleration strips, the initial filtration effect is further optimized, providing a stable material base for subsequent dewatering, enhancing equipment operational reliability, and solving the problem of fine crystal loss in traditional screens.

[0019] Furthermore, in steps S2 and S3, the conical section of the three-stage drum achieves deep dewatering by increasing centrifugal force, and the pusher disc pushes the heavy alkali slurry to the next stage drum along with the reciprocating motion of the second-stage drum.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, and through a multi-stage washing pipe arrangement, the first stage washes surface impurities, and the second stage washes deep particles; adjusting bolts optimize the radial position of the spray angle, enhancing impact and coverage. This design adapts to the washing needs of different materials, improves uniformity, reduces dead zones, lowers impurity content, overcomes the limitations of traditional fixed washing pipes, and improves washing efficiency.

[0021] Further, in step S4, the radial position of the multiple washing pipes is adjusted by the adjusting bolts, so that the nozzles spray the washing liquid onto the heavy alkali slurry from different angles; the cylindrical and conical sections of the three-stage drum undergo final dewatering by centrifugal force. The cone angle of the conical section is 8°-12°. The centrifugal force on the material increases due to the increased radius in the conical section. The washing liquid passes through the primary screen, secondary screen, and tertiary screen, and through the holes on the primary, secondary, and tertiary drums, flows into the product chamber, and finally flows into the waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator and the circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the centrifugal force is enhanced through the three-stage drum conical section design, further reducing the moisture content; the combination of the conical and cylindrical sections avoids material accumulation and blockage, and a dedicated waste washing liquid channel ensures stable system pressure. The concentric nesting relationship improves dewatering efficiency, reduces energy consumption, ensures stable equipment operation, and solves the problem of incomplete dewatering in traditional methods.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S5, the waste washing liquid on the inner side is collected by the waste washing liquid separator, and the washing liquid on the outer side is recovered by the circulating washing liquid separator and returned to the multi-channel washing water pipe for recycling.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, continuous output and dewatering of filter cake are achieved through the coordinated action of a hydraulically driven pusher disc and a pressure ring. The pusher disc smoothly pushes the filter cake, avoiding impact damage, while the pressure ring compresses it to reduce moisture content and improve quality. Continuous output reduces manual intervention and lowers operating costs. This design optimizes the material output process, enhances the automation level and stability of the equipment, and improves production efficiency.

[0025] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses a combination design of cylindrical and conical sections of a three-stage drum, combined with a concentric nested structure of the secondary and primary drums, to reduce the moisture content of the heavy alkali filter cake by utilizing the progressively increasing centrifugal force, thus significantly reducing calcination steam consumption. At the same time, the material pushing channel connected to the bottom of the conical section and the side wall of the secondary drum avoids equipment vibration problems caused by filter cake accumulation, thereby improving operational stability. 2. This invention achieves dynamic optimization of the angle between the washing liquid spray direction and the material movement direction by fixing the flange structure of the multi-channel washing pipe and adjusting the radial position of the adjusting bolts, thereby enhancing the washing impact and coverage, adapting to the washing needs of materials with different particle sizes and adhesiveness, reducing the loss of fine crystals with the mother liquor, and improving washing uniformity and reducing salt impurity content by spraying in sections through the axially spaced multi-channel washing pipe one and multi-channel washing pipe two. 3. This invention utilizes a dual-channel design of a waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator and a circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator, combined with a closed-loop system that returns the circulating washing liquid to multiple washing water pipes, to achieve classified recycling and resource recycling of washing liquid, reduce fresh water consumption, reduce wastewater discharge, and simultaneously recover gas for recycling in the product chamber, thereby reducing energy consumption per unit product and significantly improving environmental benefits and production economy. 4. This invention ensures that the suspension slurry is uniformly accelerated and dispersed before entering the primary screen by optimizing the axial distribution design of the accelerating strips on the inner wall of the feeding cone and the position of the adjusting bolts on the feed pipe. This avoids material accumulation or slippage in the feeding cone, improving the initial filtration efficiency. At the same time, the hydraulically driven pusher plate, together with the primary and secondary pressure rings, achieves continuous output and continuous dewatering of the filter cake, reducing manual intervention and lowering operating costs. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a magnified view of a portion of the stuffing box sealing section; Figure 3 Axonometric drawing of a multi-channel water washing pipe Figure 4 Axonometric view of the second multi-channel wash pipe; Figure 5 Axonometric drawing of multiple wash pipes Figure 6Top view of two gas-liquid separators; Figure 7 Front view of two gas-liquid separators; Figure 8 This is a flow diagram of the detergent in the product compartment; Wherein: 1-Oil tank; 2-Bearing housing; 3-Front bearing; 4-Rear bearing; 5-Front bearing cover; 6-Rear bearing cover; 7-Hollow shaft; 8-Push rod shaft; 9-Guide key; 10-Rear bushing; 11-Front bushing; 12-Oil cylinder pulley; 13-Oil cylinder cover; 14-Composite piston; 15-Product chamber; 16-Baffle sealing assembly; 17-Third-stage drum bottom; 18-Third-stage drum; 19-Third-stage screen; 20-Third-stage pressure ring; 21-Stuffing gland; 22-Stuffing gland seal; 23-Push rod bushing; 24-Second-stage drum bottom; 25-Second-stage drum; 26-Second-stage screen; 27 - Secondary pressure ring; 28- Primary drum; 29- Primary screen; 30- Primary pressure ring; 31- Pusher plate support; 32- Pusher plate; 33- Distribution cone support; 34- Distribution cone; 35- Discharge trough; 36- Product chamber door; 37- Washing water pipe seat; 38- Multiple washing water pipes; 3801- Multiple washing water pipes; 3802- Multiple washing water pipes II; 39- Nut; 40- Adjusting bolt; 41- Connecting pipe; 42- Nozzle; 43- Feed pipe seat; 44- Feed pipe; 45- Nut; 46- Adjusting bolt; 47- Waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator; 48- Circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific preferred embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "left side," "right side," "upper part," "lower part," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. "First," "second," etc., do not indicate the importance of the components, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. The specific dimensions used in this embodiment are only for illustrating the technical solution and do not limit the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As can be seen, the overall structure of this centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali is based on the oil tank 1, which also functions as a machine base, as the basic load-bearing component. The bearing seat 2 is fixedly installed on the top of the oil tank 1, providing stable support for the core shaft system. The hollow shaft 7 passes through the center of the bearing seat 2 and can rotate freely around its own axis. The push rod shaft 8 is coaxially inserted inside the hollow shaft 7. The two rotate synchronously through the guide key 9. At the same time, the push rod shaft 8 can make reciprocating linear motion along its own axis, providing a precise power transmission path for the pushing action. The three-stage nested drum system is installed on the upper end of the hollow shaft 7 as the core separation component. The third-stage drum 18 is directly connected to the upper end of the hollow shaft 7 and rotates at high speed synchronously with the hollow shaft. The second-stage drum 25 is connected to the upper end of the push rod shaft 8 and can reciprocate along the axis under the axial driving force of the push rod shaft. The pusher plate 32 connected to its bottom also performs axial reciprocating motion synchronously, realizing the layer-by-layer pushing and separation of materials in the drum. The first-stage drum 28 is fixed to the bottom of the third-stage drum 18 and remains relatively stationary with the third-stage drum, forming the innermost separation chamber. To achieve refined grading and filtration, a three-stage screen 19 is tightly fixed inside the three-stage drum 18 by a three-stage pressure ring 20. A two-stage screen 26 is fixed to the inner wall of the two-stage drum 25 by a two-stage pressure ring 227. A one-stage screen 29 is fixed to the inner wall of the one-stage drum 28 by a one-stage pressure ring 30. The pore sizes of the three screens are set in a gradient: the pore size of the one-stage screen 29 is 0.05mm, the two-stage screen 26 is 0.08mm, and the three-stage screen 19 is 0.10mm. This can adapt to the grading and processing needs of heavy alkali materials with different particle sizes, and improve the separation accuracy and effect.

[0030] The feeding and distributing system is precisely aligned with the separation process of the three-stage drum. The feed pipe 44 is vertically inserted into the upper opening of the three-stage drum 18. Its axial position can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting bolt 46 to adapt to the feeding height requirements under different feed rates and material characteristics. The distributing cone 34 is located in the upper opening of the three-stage drum 18 and corresponds to the end of the feed pipe 44. Its inner wall is welded with acceleration strips, which can guide the material falling from the feed pipe to spread quickly along the cone surface and be evenly distributed to the inner wall of the drum, avoiding material accumulation and improving separation efficiency. Multiple washing pipes 38 are arranged around the inside of the three-stage drum 18, and are divided into multiple washing pipe one 3801 and multiple washing pipe two 3802. Multiple washing pipe one 3801 is located inside the first-stage screen 29 and washes the innermost layer of material. Multiple washing pipe two 3802 is located inside the second-stage screen 26 and washes the middle layer of material precisely. Each multiple washing pipe 38 contains at least three annular pipes, and at least one set of nozzles is evenly distributed circumferentially on each annular pipe to ensure that the washing liquid can fully cover the material layer and improve the washing effect. The installation structure of the washing pipes takes into account both fixation and adjustability. The multiple washing pipes 38 and the product chamber door 36 are connected by adjusting bolts 40 and nuts 39, and the multiple washing pipes 38 are fixed in the washing pipe seat 37. The whole structure passes through the product chamber door 36 and is installed inside the centrifuge. The operator can adjust the radial position of the multiple washing pipes 38 by adjusting bolts 40 to adapt to the washing needs of different material layer thicknesses in the drum.

[0031] The sealing system comprehensively ensures the stability and sealing of the centrifuge's internal operating conditions. The stuffing box 21 is installed at the bottom of the three-stage drum 18, and its internal stuffing box seal 22 achieves a dynamic seal between the push rod shaft 8 and the three-stage drum 18, preventing material or washing liquid from leaking into the bearing area. A partition seal assembly 16, using a carbon ring seal structure, is installed between the bearing housing 2 and the product chamber 15, effectively isolating the bearing lubrication area from the product separation area, avoiding cross-contamination between lubricating grease and material / washing liquid. A push rod bushing 23 is also installed on the push rod shaft 8, which, in conjunction with the stuffing box seal 22, further enhances the sealing performance and reduces wear and leakage risks during operation. The gas-liquid separator assembly, as a subsequent auxiliary processing unit, is installed outside the product chamber 15. It includes a waste washing liquid separator 47 and a circulating washing liquid separator 48, which efficiently separates the gas-liquid mixture generated during washing, introducing recyclable washing liquid into the circulation system, while waste liquid is centrally collected and treated, improving the equipment's environmental friendliness and resource utilization.

[0032] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As can be seen, the feed pipe 44 is fixed to the feed pipe seat 43 by adjusting bolt 46 and nut 45. The operator can rotate adjusting bolt 46 according to the slurry flow rate and characteristics to adjust the axial position of the feed pipe 44 so that its end is at a suitable distance from the distribution cone 34. The inner wall of the distribution cone 34 is provided with axially distributed acceleration strips, which can guide the slurry to be evenly dispersed and accelerate into the primary screen 29. The multi-stage washing pipe 38 is installed on the product chamber door 36 through washing pipe seat 37. Among them, the first multi-stage washing pipe 3801 and the second multi-stage washing pipe 3802 both adopt a ring structure. Each washing pipe is equipped with a connecting pipe 41 and a nozzle 42. The connecting pipe 41 is set with different lengths according to different washing positions to optimize the spray angle. The operator can loosen or tighten adjusting bolt 40 and nut 39 to adjust the radial position of the multi-stage washing pipe 38 so that the spray direction of the nozzle 42 is aligned with the direction of the spray. The material movement direction forms an adaptive angle to meet the washing needs of materials with different particle sizes or adhesiveness. In addition, the angle of the conical section of the three-stage drum 18 can be adjusted by replacing the three-stage drum assembly of different specifications. The length of the two-stage drum 25 can be adjusted by replacing the assembly of the two-stage drum bottom 24 and the two-stage drum 25. The reciprocating stroke of the pusher plate 32 can be indirectly controlled by adjusting the hydraulic circuit parameters of the composite piston 14. The carbon ring seal of the diaphragm sealing assembly 16 can be replaced with carbon rings of different wear levels by disassembling the bearing seat 2 to maintain the sealing effect. The sealing pressure of the stuffing box seal 22 can be adjusted by tightening the gland of the stuffing box 21 to ensure effective isolation between the medium in the product chamber 15 and the hydraulic and lubrication systems during equipment operation. These adjustment methods work together to enable the equipment to flexibly adapt to the heavy alkali separation needs under different working conditions, improving operational flexibility and adaptability.

[0033] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7As can be seen, after the equipment starts, the hydraulic cylinder pulley 12 drives the hollow shaft 7 to rotate at high speed under the support of the front bearing 3 and the rear bearing 4 of the bearing seat 2. The push rod shaft 8 rotates synchronously with the hollow shaft 7 through the guide key 9. At the same time, the compound piston 14 drives the push rod shaft 8 to make a stable axial reciprocating motion under the action of hydraulic oil. The heavy alkali slurry is fed into the feeding cone 34 through the feed pipe 44. After being uniformly accelerated by the inner wall acceleration strip, it slides along the inner wall of the feeding cone 34 into the inner side of the first-stage screen 29 of the first-stage drum 28. Under the action of centrifugal force, the initial solid-liquid separation is achieved. The mother liquor is discharged to the bottom of the product chamber 15 through the pores of the first-stage screen 29. The pusher plate 32 reciprocates with the bottom of the second-stage drum 24, and smoothly pushes the filter cake on the first-stage screen 29 to the inner side of the second-stage screen 26 of the second-stage drum 25. The second-stage drum 25 rotates and reciprocates synchronously with the push rod shaft 8, further enhancing the centrifugal force to achieve secondary separation. The residual mother liquor in the filter cake is effectively separated. The filter cake is then pushed into the inner side of the three-stage screen 19 of the three-stage drum 18. The conical section of the three-stage drum 18, due to its gradually increasing radius, significantly enhances the centrifugal force, achieving deep dehydration and further reducing the moisture content of the filter cake. Finally, the dehydrated filter cake is pushed to the discharge trough 35 by the secondary pressure ring 27 and discharged to the external collection system. During centrifugation, the carbon ring seal of the partition sealing assembly 16 effectively isolates the medium in the product chamber 15 from entering the hydraulic system, and the stuffing box seal 22 prevents the medium and lubricating oil from mixing. Waste washing liquid is discharged through the waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator 47, and the circulating washing liquid is recovered by the circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator 48 and returned to the multi-wash water pipe 38 for recycling. The separated gas is recovered to the product chamber 15 for recycling. The entire centrifugation process achieves efficient and stable heavy alkali separation through the coordination of rotation and reciprocating motion, the step-by-step separation of the multi-stage drum, and the effective isolation of the sealing system, ensuring product quality and production efficiency.

[0034] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 1As can be seen, the three-stage drum assembly consists of a three-stage drum base 17, a three-stage drum 18, a three-stage screen 19, and a three-stage pressure ring 20. The three-stage drum base 17 is fixed to the end of the hollow shaft 7 by bolts. The three-stage drum 18 adopts a combination structure of cylindrical and conical sections. The three-stage screen 19 is tightened and fixed to the inside of the three-stage drum 18 by the three-stage pressure ring 20. Operators can replace the three-stage screen 19 with different pore sizes or the three-stage drum 18 with different conical section angles according to the separation accuracy requirements to adapt to the separation of heavy alkali with different particle sizes. The two-stage drum assembly consists of a two-stage drum base 24, a two-stage drum 25, a two-stage screen 26, and a two-stage pressure ring 27. The two-stage drum base 24 is fixed to the end of the push rod shaft 8 by a key connection. The two-stage drum 25 is located inside the three-stage drum 18 and is shorter in length. The two-stage screen 26 is fixed by the two-stage pressure ring 27. Operators can adjust the two-stage drum assembly by replacing the two-stage screen 26. The separation effect can be improved by indirectly controlling the reciprocating stroke of the secondary drum 25 through adjusting the hydraulic parameters of the composite piston 14, thereby optimizing the filter cake pushing efficiency. The primary drum assembly consists of a primary drum 28, a primary screen 29, and a primary pressure ring 30. The primary drum 28 is connected to the bottom 17 of the tertiary drum by support bolts, and the primary screen 29 is fixed by the primary pressure ring 30. Operators can replace the primary screen 29 to adjust the initial separation accuracy. In addition, the pusher plate 32 is fixed to the bottom 24 of the secondary drum by pusher plate support 31 bolts, and the distribution cone 34 is fixed to the pusher plate 32 by distribution cone support 33. Operators can adjust the material pushing path and distribution uniformity by replacing support columns of different lengths. These screen drums can be adjusted by replacing parts or adjusting assembly parameters, enabling the equipment to flexibly cope with heavy alkali separation tasks under different process requirements, improve separation quality and efficiency, and reduce operating costs.

[0035] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 8It can be seen that the washing liquid enters the connector 41 of the multi-stage washing pipe 38 through the external conveying system. The connector 41 is set with different lengths according to different cleaning positions to optimize the spray angle. The washing liquid is sprayed at a specific pressure through the nozzle 42 onto the material surface inside the three-stage drum 18, the two-stage drum 25 and the first-stage drum 28. The washing liquid sprayed by the first multi-stage washing pipe 3801 mainly acts on the material in the areas of the first-stage screen 29 and the second-stage screen 26, while the second multi-stage washing pipe 3802 performs enhanced washing on the material in the area of ​​the third-stage screen 19. After being sprayed, the washing liquid comes into full contact with the heavy alkali material, dissolving the salt impurities in the filter cake. It then passes through the pores of the three-stage screen 19, the two-stage screen 26, and the first-stage screen 29 into the internal space of the product chamber 15. At this point, the partitions within the product chamber 15 function, dividing the washing liquid into an inner washing liquid area A and an outer washing liquid area B. The washing liquid in the inner area A mainly comes from the circulating washing section of the multi-wash water pipe 3801, flowing along the bottom of the product chamber 15 to the inlet pipe of the circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator 48. Separator 48 performs gas-liquid separation on the washing liquid. The separated liquid flows back to the connector 41 of the multi-wash water pipe 38 through the outlet pipe for recycling, while the separated gas is recovered to the product chamber 15 through the upper pipe to continue participating in the centrifugation process. The washing liquid in the outer B area, which is mainly waste washing liquid with more impurities, flows to the inlet pipe of the waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator 47. After separation by the separator 47, the liquid is discharged from the system as waste washing liquid for further treatment, and the gas is also recovered to the product chamber 15. Throughout the flow process, the multi-wash water pipe 38 is fixed to the product chamber door 36 through the wash water pipe seat 37. The adjusting bolt 40 can adjust its radial position to optimize the spray coverage. The product chamber 15, as the core space for solid-liquid separation, has a partition sealing assembly 16 that ensures that the washing liquid is isolated from the external environment. The concentric nested structure of the three-stage drum 18, the two-stage drum 25, and the one-stage drum 28 provides the physical basis for the stratified flow of the washing liquid, ultimately achieving efficient utilization and classified treatment of the washing liquid, which reduces water consumption and environmental pollution. This flow path makes full use of the product compartment's partitioned design and the function of the gas-liquid separator, combined with the adjustable characteristics of multiple wash pipes, to improve washing efficiency and resource utilization.

[0036] The present invention further discloses a method for direct separation of heavy alkali, which utilizes a pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali to separate the heavy alkali, specifically including the following steps: Step S1. Feeding and distributing: The heavy alkali slurry is conveyed to the distributing cone 34 through the feed pipe 44, so that the heavy alkali slurry is evenly distributed on the inner wall of the first-stage drum 28; Step S2. Three-stage centrifugal dewatering: The heavy alkali slurry is dewatered in stages by the synchronous rotation of the three-stage drum system; Step S3. Reciprocating feeding: The push rod shaft 8 drives the secondary drum 25 and the pusher plate 32 to reciprocate along the axial direction, pushing the heavy alkali slurry from the primary drum 28 to the secondary drum 25 and the tertiary drum 18 in sequence; Step S4. Multiple washing: Washing liquid is sprayed into the heavy alkali slurry in the three-stage rotary drum system through the multiple washing pipes 38; Step S5. Washing liquid circulation: The washing liquid is recovered and recycled through the gas-liquid separator assembly.

[0037] First, adjust the radial position of the multiple washing pipes 38 using adjusting bolt 40 and nut 39, so that washing pipe one 3801 is aligned with the inside of the first-stage drum 28 and washing pipe two 3802 is aligned with the inside of the second-stage drum 25. After adjustment, tighten adjusting bolt 40 and nut 39 to firmly fix the multiple washing pipes 38 in the washing pipe seat 37, ensuring the stability of the nozzle angle during subsequent washing. At the same time, adjust the axial position of the feed pipe 44 using adjusting bolt 46, so that the end of the stationary feed pipe 44 maintains a suitable distance from the inner wall of the material distribution cone 34 that rotates with the third-stage drum 18, avoiding material splashing or uneven distribution. Confirm that the stuffing box 21 is correctly installed on the bottom of the third-stage drum 18, the stuffing box seal 22 fits tightly against the gap between the bottom of the third-stage drum and the push rod shaft 8, and the push rod bushing 23 is fitted on the push rod shaft 8 to further enhance the sealing performance and prevent material or washing liquid from leaking into the bearing area during separation. After completing the preparation work, start the equipment and enter the feeding and distribution stage: the heavy alkali slurry is conveyed into the distribution cone 34 through the feed pipe 44. Under the action of the acceleration strip welded on the inner wall of the distribution cone 34, the heavy alkali slurry spreads rapidly along the cone surface and is evenly distributed on the primary screen 29 in the primary drum 28. At this time, the primary drum assembly, primary drum 28, primary pressure ring 30, and primary screen 29 are fixed on the bottom of the tertiary drum 18 and rotate at high speed synchronously with the tertiary drum assembly, tertiary pressure ring 20, and tertiary screen 19, along with the hollow shaft 7. The secondary drum assembly, secondary drum 25, secondary pressure ring 227, secondary screen 26, and pusher plate 32 are fixed on the push rod shaft 8 and rotate synchronously with the hollow shaft 7, while also preparing to perform axial reciprocating motion under the drive of the push rod shaft. The process then proceeds to the three-stage centrifugal dewatering stage. The high-speed rotation of the three-stage drum system generates gradient centrifugal force. The free water in the heavy alkali slurry first passes through the primary screen 29 with a pore size of 0.05 mm and enters the cavity between the primary drum 28 and the secondary drum 25. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, it continues to pass through the secondary screen 26 with a pore size of 0.08 mm and enters the cavity between the secondary drum 25 and the tertiary drum 18. Finally, it passes through the tertiary screen 19 with a pore size of 0.10 mm and is discharged into the product chamber 15 through the holes on the tertiary drum 18, achieving progressively deeper dewatering. The conical section of the tertiary drum 18, with its gradually increasing radius, further enhances the centrifugal force, allowing for more thorough dewatering of the material.During centrifugal dewatering, the reciprocating pushing action is carried out simultaneously: the pusher shaft 8 drives the secondary drum assembly to reciprocate along the axial direction, and the pusher plate 32 fixed on the bottom of the secondary drum 25 moves synchronously with the secondary drum. When the pusher plate moves towards the primary drum, it pushes the initially dewatered heavy alkali slurry in the primary drum into the secondary drum 25. When the pusher plate moves in the opposite direction, the new material in the primary drum adheres to the primary screen under the action of centrifugal force, while the material in the secondary drum is pushed into the tertiary drum 18 by the pushing action of the subsequent pusher plate and the blocking action of the primary pressure ring 30. Finally, under the pushing action of the secondary pressure ring 227, the dewatered and washed heavy alkali material is pushed out of the tertiary drum 18, realizing continuous discharge. After entering the multi-stage washing process, the nozzles of the multi-stage washing pipes 38 spray washing liquid into the heavy alkali slurry in the drum from different angles. Among them, washing pipe one 3801 performs preliminary washing on the material in the first-stage drum, and washing pipe two 3802 performs deep washing on the material in the second-stage drum. Under the action of centrifugal force, the washing liquid passes through the first-stage screen 29, the second-stage screen 26, and the third-stage screen 19, and then passes through the holes on the first-stage drum 28, the second-stage drum 25, and the third-stage drum 18 in sequence, flowing into the product chamber 15, and then flowing to the waste washing liquid separator 47 and the circulating washing liquid separator 48 respectively. Finally, in the washing liquid circulation stage, the waste washing liquid separator 47 on the left collects mixed waste liquid containing free water from the material. This waste liquid cannot be recycled due to its high impurity content and needs to be centrally treated. The circulating washing liquid separator 48 on the right collects pure washing liquid containing only a small amount of impurities and returns it to the first washing water pipe 3801 for recycling. At the same time, new washing liquid is injected into the second washing water pipe 3802 to ensure washing effect while improving resource utilization. Throughout the process, the stuffing box seal 22 always seals the gap between the bottom of the three-stage drum and the push rod shaft 8 to prevent material or washing liquid leakage. The push rod bushing 23 further reduces wear during the movement of the push rod shaft, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0038] Working Principle: This direct separation centrifuge for heavy alkali uses mechanical centrifugal force as its core driving force. It achieves efficient and continuous separation through a multi-stage nested drum structure and a precise, coordinated material pushing, washing, and recovery system. The oil tank 1, which also serves as the machine base, provides a stable foundation. The bearing seat 2 provides rigid support for the hollow shaft 7 passing through its center. The hollow shaft 7 can rotate at high speed around its own axis. The push rod shaft 8, coaxially passing inside the hollow shaft, rotates synchronously with the hollow shaft via a guide key 9. It can also perform reciprocating linear motion along the axial direction, providing precise power for the pushing action. The three-stage nested drum system installed on the upper end of the hollow shaft 7 is the core separation unit. The first-stage drum 18 is directly connected to the hollow shaft 7 and rotates at high speed with it. The outermost separation chamber is formed by a three-stage screen 19 tightly fixed by a three-stage pressure ring 20. The second-stage drum 25 is connected to the upper end of the push rod shaft 8 and rotates synchronously with the push rod shaft and performs axial reciprocating motion. The middle separation chamber is formed by a two-stage screen 26 fixed by a two-stage pressure ring 227 on its inner wall. The first-stage drum 28 is fixed to the bottom of the third-stage drum 18 and remains relatively stationary with the third-stage drum. The innermost separation chamber is formed by a first-stage screen 29 fixed by a first-stage pressure ring 30 on its inner wall. The pore sizes of the three-stage screens are set in a gradient: 0.05mm for the first stage, 0.08mm for the second stage, and 0.08mm for the third stage.The 10mm diameter allows for the grading, filtration, and retention of materials with different particle sizes. After startup, the heavy alkali slurry is vertically fed into the upper opening of the three-stage drum 18 through the adjustable axial feed pipe 44. Accelerator strips are welded to the inner wall of the distribution cone 34, opposite the end of the feed pipe. Under the action of centrifugal force, the slurry is guided to quickly diffuse along the cone surface and evenly distribute on the surface of the primary screen 29, preventing material accumulation. Subsequently, the high-speed rotation of the three-stage drum system generates strong centrifugal force, causing free water in the slurry to pass sequentially through the primary screen 29, the secondary screen 26, the tertiary screen 19, and the corresponding holes on the drum sidewalls, flowing into the product. Chamber 15 completes initial dewatering; simultaneously, push rod shaft 8 drives secondary drum 25 and bottom-connected pusher plate 32 to perform axial reciprocating motion. Pusher plate 32 pushes the filter cake initially dewatered in primary drum to secondary drum 25. Then, through the obstruction of primary pressure ring 30 and the continuous pushing of pusher plate, the material is sent into tertiary drum 18. Finally, secondary pressure ring 227 pushes the heavy alkali material that has completed deep dewatering and washing out of tertiary drum to achieve continuous discharge. During the material pushing process, multiple washing pipes 38 arranged around the inside of tertiary drum include at least 3 annular pipes. Each annular pipe has multiple sets of nozzles evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, which are adjusted by screws. After adjusting the radial position of bolt 40 and nut 39 and fixing them to the wash pipe seat 37, washing liquid is sprayed onto the material from different angles. Wash pipe 1 3801 performs preliminary washing on the material in the first-stage drum, while wash pipe 2 3802 performs deep washing on the material in the second-stage drum, ensuring that the washing liquid fully contacts the material. The washing liquid flows through the screen and drum holes into the product chamber 15, and then enters the gas-liquid separator assembly installed on the outside of the product chamber. Waste washing liquid separator 47 collects mixed waste liquid containing free water from the material, and circulating washing liquid separator 48 collects pure washing liquid containing only a small amount of impurities, which flows back to wash pipe 1 3802. The 801 system is used in a cyclical manner, while new washing liquid is injected into the second washing pipe 3802 to achieve cascade utilization. Throughout operation, the stuffing box seal 22 inside the stuffing box 21 installed on the bottom of the third-stage drum 18, in conjunction with the push rod bushing 23 fitted onto the push rod shaft 8, achieves a dynamic seal between the bottom of the third-stage drum and the push rod shaft, preventing material or washing liquid leakage into the bearing area. The partition sealing assembly 16 between the bearing housing 2 and the product chamber 15 adopts a carbon ring seal structure, effectively isolating the bearing lubrication area from the separation operation area, avoiding cross-contamination between lubricating grease and materials / washing liquid, and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0039] Addressing the issues of high energy consumption and insufficient filtration driving force caused by the reliance on vacuum units in belt filters and vacuum drum filters, this device uses mechanical centrifugal force as the sole separation driving force, eliminating the need for energy-intensive vacuum units. The conical section of the three-stage drum 18, with its increased radius, further enhances centrifugal force, enabling deep dewatering of heavy alkali slurry. This reduces the moisture content of wet heavy alkali compared to traditional equipment, directly reducing steam consumption in subsequent calcination stages and lowering overall production energy consumption by over 20%. Regarding the fixed position of the washing pipes in ordinary pusher centrifuges, resulting in poor washing uniformity, this device features multiple washing pipes 38 whose radial positions can be flexibly adjusted via adjusting bolts 40. It also includes at least three annular pipes and multiple sets of nozzles, allowing operators to adjust the washing uniformity according to the heavy alkali material. The spray angle and coverage are adjusted in real time based on particle size and adhesion to ensure uniform contact of the washing liquid with each layer of filter cake, reducing the residual salt and impurities in the filter cake to below 0.1%, far superior to ordinary push-feed centrifuges. Addressing the problem of low recycling rate and water waste due to unsorted washing liquid recovery, this device includes a waste washing liquid separator 47 and a circulating washing liquid separator 48 outside the product chamber 15. The waste washing liquid separator 47 collects the inner waste liquid containing free water from the material, which cannot be recycled due to its high impurity content. The circulating washing liquid separator 48 collects the outer pure washing liquid containing only a small amount of impurities, returning it to the first washing water pipe 3801 for recycling. Simultaneously, new washing liquid is injected into the second washing water pipe 3802, achieving classified recycling and tiered utilization of the washing liquid. The improved efficiency of the system significantly reduces water consumption and production costs. Addressing the issue of slurry accumulation and uneven filter cake thickness due to a lack of effective guidance in the feeding and distribution system, the feed pipe 44 of this device can be flexibly adjusted axially via adjusting bolts 46. Combined with the distribution cone 34 with welded acceleration strips on its inner wall, it guides the heavy alkali slurry to quickly and evenly distribute on the surface of the primary screen 29 under the action of centrifugal force, avoiding localized material accumulation and filter cake thickness deviation. This reduces equipment vibration amplitude, improving operational stability and service life. Addressing the problem of poor material feeding and easy blockage caused by the unreasonable drum structure of ordinary pusher centrifuges, this device adopts a three-stage nested drum structure. The primary drum 28 is fixed at the bottom of the secondary drum 18 and remains stationary, while the secondary drum 25 is pushed along. The shaft 8 reciprocates axially, and the pusher disc 32 pushes the material synchronously with the secondary drum. Combined with the guiding effect of the primary pressure ring 30 and the secondary pressure ring 227, the material is smoothly pushed from the primary drum to the secondary drum and then to the tertiary drum, completely solving the problem of material accumulation and blockage. The separation efficiency is improved compared with ordinary pusher centrifuges. In response to the problem of fine crystals being lost with the mother liquor, affecting the product yield, this device adopts a three-stage screen structure with gradient pores. The pore size of the primary screen 29 is only 0.05mm, which can effectively intercept fine crystalline heavy alkali materials with small particle size. The loss rate of fine crystals is reduced and the product yield is improved. At the same time, the setting of the graded screens is adapted to the separation needs of materials with different particle sizes, further optimizing the overall separation effect and meeting the production requirements of green manufacturing and resource recycling.

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various equivalent transformations can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these equivalent transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali, characterized in that, include: Oil tank (1), which also serves as the machine base; The bearing housing (2) is fixedly installed on the top of the oil tank (1); A hollow shaft (7) is inserted through the center of the bearing seat (2) and can rotate around its own axis; The push rod shaft (8) is coaxially inserted inside the hollow shaft (7), and rotates synchronously with the hollow shaft (7) through the guide key (9) and can reciprocate along the axial direction; The three-level nested drum system is installed on the upper end of the hollow shaft (7) and includes a first-level drum (28), a second-level drum (25) and a third-level drum (18) nested concentrically from the inside to the outside. The feed pipe (44) is vertically inserted into the upper opening of the three-stage drum (18); The fabric cone (34) is located in the upper opening of the three-stage drum (18) and corresponds to the end of the feed pipe (44); Multiple wash pipes (38) are arranged around the inside of the three-stage rotating drum (18); The gas-liquid separator assembly, installed outside the product chamber (15), includes a waste washing liquid separator (47) and a circulating washing liquid separator (48).

2. The pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-stage nested drum system also includes a pusher plate (32), which is connected to the bottom of the secondary drum (25) and reciprocates along the axial direction with the secondary drum (25); The first-stage drum (28) is fixed to the bottom of the third-stage drum (18), the second-stage drum (25) is connected to the upper end of the push rod shaft (8), and the third-stage drum (18) is connected to the upper end of the hollow shaft (7). The three-stage drum (18) is fixed with a three-stage screen (19) by a three-stage pressure ring (20), the inner wall of the two-stage drum (25) is fixed with a two-stage screen (26) by a two-stage pressure ring (227), and the inner wall of the one-stage drum (28) is fixed with a one-stage screen (29) by a one-stage pressure ring (30). The pore size of the primary screen (29) is 0.05 mm, the pore size of the secondary screen (26) is 0.08 mm, and the pore size of the tertiary screen (19) is 0.10 mm.

3. The pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed pipe (44) can be adjusted in axial position by adjusting bolt (46); the inner wall of the fabric cone (34) is welded with an acceleration strip.

4. The pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-channel washing pipe (38) includes at least three annular pipes, the radial position of which can be adjusted by adjusting bolts (40); each annular pipe has at least one set of nozzles evenly distributed circumferentially. The multi-channel washing pipe (38) includes a first multi-channel washing pipe (3801) and a second multi-channel washing pipe (3802). The first multi-channel washing pipe (3801) is located inside the first-stage screen (29), and the second multi-channel washing pipe (3802) is located inside the second-stage screen (26). The adjusting bolt (40) connects the multi-channel washing pipe (38) and the product chamber door (36) through the nut (39) to fix the multi-channel washing pipe (38) in the washing pipe seat (37). The multi-channel washing pipe (38) passes through the product chamber door (36) and is installed inside the pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali. The radial position of the multi-channel washing pipe (38) is adjusted by the adjusting bolt (40).

5. The pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A stuffing box seal (22) is installed inside a stuffing box (21), which is installed on the bottom (17) of the three-stage drum to achieve a seal between the push rod shaft (8) and the three-stage drum (18); The diaphragm sealing assembly (16) is disposed between the bearing housing (2) and the product chamber (15) and adopts a carbon ring sealing structure; The push rod shaft (8) is equipped with the push rod bushing (23) and the stuffing box seal (22).

6. A method for direct separation of heavy alkali, characterized in that, The separation of heavy alkali using the pusher centrifuge for direct separation of heavy alkali according to any one of claims 1-5 specifically includes the following steps: Step S1. Feeding and distributing: The heavy alkali slurry is conveyed to the distributing cone (34) through the feed pipe (44) so ​​that the heavy alkali slurry is evenly distributed in the primary screen (29) inside the primary drum (28); Step S2. Three-stage centrifugal dewatering: The heavy alkali slurry is dewatered in stages by the synchronous rotation of the three-stage drum system; Step S3. Reciprocating push: The push rod shaft (8) drives the secondary drum (25) and the pusher plate (32) to reciprocate along the axial direction, pushing the heavy alkali slurry from the primary drum (28) to the secondary drum (25) and the tertiary drum (18) in sequence. Step S4. Multiple washing: Spray washing liquid into the heavy alkali slurry in the three-stage rotary drum system through the multiple washing pipes (38); Step S5. Washing liquid circulation: The washing liquid is recovered and recycled through the gas-liquid separator assembly.

7. The direct separation method for heavy alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S1, the axial position of the feed pipe (44) is adjusted by the adjusting bolt (46) so that the heavy alkali slurry is evenly distributed under the action of the acceleration strip on the inner wall of the feeding cone (34).

8. The direct separation method for heavy alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that, In steps S2 and S3, the conical section of the three-stage drum (18) achieves deep dewatering by increasing centrifugal force, and the pusher disc (32) pushes the heavy alkali slurry to the next stage drum along with the reciprocating motion of the second-stage drum (25).

9. The direct separation method for heavy alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S4, the radial position of the multi-channel washing pipe (38) is adjusted by the adjusting bolt (40) so that the nozzle sprays the washing liquid onto the heavy alkali slurry from different angles; the cylindrical and conical sections of the three-stage drum (18) are dehydrated by centrifugal force. The cone angle of the conical section is 8°-12°. The centrifugal force of the material is enhanced due to the increased radius in the conical section. The washing liquid passes through the first-stage screen (29), the second-stage screen (26), and the third-stage screen (19), and through the holes on the first-stage drum (28), the second-stage drum (25), and the third-stage drum (18), and flows into the product chamber (15), and finally flows into the waste washing liquid gas-liquid separator (47) and the circulating washing liquid gas-liquid separator (48).

10. The direct separation method for heavy alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S5, the waste washing liquid on the outside is collected by the waste washing liquid separator (47), the washing liquid on the inside is recovered by the circulating washing liquid separator (48) and returned to the multi-channel washing water pipe (3801) for recycling, and new washing liquid is injected through the second multi-channel washing water pipe (3802) for the next cycle.

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