A method and device for distributing phosphorus application rate to improve alfalfa seed yield
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHIHEZI UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
Smart Images
Figure CN122250345A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of alfalfa cultivation technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield. Background Technology
[0002] The main alfalfa growing areas in China are concentrated in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. These areas receive very little natural rainfall annually, relying primarily on artificial irrigation to ensure alfalfa growth. Furthermore, most farmland has phosphorus-deficient soil, and the available phosphorus content often fails to meet the alfalfa's growth requirements. As a perennial leguminous forage crop, alfalfa is a widely cultivated high-quality forage in my country, and its seed yield directly impacts the supply of high-quality forage. Currently, irrigation and phosphorus application management are key factors affecting alfalfa seed yield. However, related research often focuses on the impact of setting single irrigation levels, single phosphorus application levels, or a simple synergy of both on alfalfa seed yield. There is a lack of systematic research on the allocation of irrigation and phosphorus application quotas and targeted dynamic control methods for different growth stages. While existing water-saving irrigation technologies have improved, field practice lacks scientific guidance, often employing uniform irrigation or extensive phosphorus application methods without dynamically controlling the water and phosphorus requirements of alfalfa at different growth stages.
[0003] Currently, the unstable yield and quality of alfalfa seeds are mainly due to the lack of precise water and phosphorus regulation programs for different growth stages. This makes it impossible to match the different nutrient requirements of alfalfa during its growth stages, resulting in low and fluctuating seed yields. Furthermore, the low efficiency of water and phosphorus resource utilization during the alfalfa seed yield formation process makes it difficult to meet the requirements of water-saving agriculture and sustainable industrial development. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Technical problems to be solved
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for allocating phosphorus quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield. This solves the problems of low and fluctuating seed yields due to the lack of precise water and phosphorus regulation schemes at different growth stages, which makes it impossible to match the different nutrient requirements of alfalfa during its growth stages, and the low efficiency of water and phosphorus resource utilization during the alfalfa seed yield formation process, which makes it difficult to meet the requirements of water-saving agriculture and sustainable industrial development.
[0006] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the planting plot. Clear weeds, level the land, and install an underground drip irrigation system in advance. Step 2: Sowing and application of base fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer when preparing the land. Plant the test varieties using a wide-narrow row mulching method. Drip water on the second day after sowing to ensure uniform emergence. Step 3: Implementation of irrigation and phosphate fertilizer quotas. The total irrigation amount and total phosphate application amount are set in hectares. By implementing the water and phosphorus management model of irrigation and phosphate application quota allocation, water and phosphorus are regulated to be applied in proportion to the growth stages of alfalfa, including the branching stage, budding stage, flowering stage and pod-setting stage, through underground drip irrigation. Step 4: Field Management. During the alfalfa growth period, in addition to the irrigation and phosphorus management measures described in Step 3, other management measures are the same as those in the local field, including regular weeding and pest and disease control, to ensure a healthy growth environment for alfalfa. Step 5: Harvesting and Measurement. During the harvest period, several representative quadrats are randomly selected within the planting area to harvest alfalfa. After drying, the seeds are threshed to remove impurities, weighed, and the seed yield per hectare is calculated. The yield composition indicators and seed quality indicators of alfalfa are also measured.
[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step three, the total irrigation water volume during the growth period of alfalfa is 2500 m³ / hm², and the proportion of underground drip irrigation implemented in each growth period is 15% of the total irrigation water volume during branching, 20% during budding, 30% during flowering, and 35% during pod formation. The total phosphorus application rate is 100 kg / hm², using monoammonium phosphate (containing P2O5≥52%). It is applied simultaneously with irrigation using an integrated water and fertilizer system, and topdressed through drip irrigation according to the following proportions: 33% of the total phosphorus during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, 33% during the flowering stage, and no phosphorus during the pod-setting stage.
[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step two, the wide row spacing of the mulched sowing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and 3-5 seeds are sown per hole. Before sowing, urea and potassium sulfate are applied to the soil as base fertilizer, with an application rate of 120kg / hm² for urea and 60kg / hm² for potassium sulfate.
[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, in step five, the number of inflorescences per plant, the number of florets per inflorescence, the number of pods per inflorescence, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the yield composition indicators of thousand-seed weight are measured according to the test standards, as well as the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, radicle length, and seed quality indicators, which are used to calculate the resource efficiency indicators of water use efficiency and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity.
[0010] The present invention also provides an apparatus for the above-mentioned method of phosphorus quota allocation for increasing alfalfa seed yield, comprising a ground control cabinet, a sensor group, a main water pump, a drip irrigation main pipeline, a water and fertilizer tank, and a water and fertilizer quota allocation system, and further comprising: The water and fertilizer mixing module is installed at the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank. It uses a circulating stirring method to mix the water and fertilizer mother liquor and homogenize the water and fertilizer during fertilization on site. At the same time, it can force the grinding and dissolution of solid phosphate fertilizer, so that the concentration of water and fertilizer stored in the water and fertilizer tank is uniform each time it is output. The dilution tank is located between the water and fertilizer mother liquor injection point and the drip irrigation main pipeline. It is used to premix the mother liquor with dilution water introduced through the bypass pipe to form a low-concentration uniform water and fertilizer solution, so as to reduce the difference in water and fertilizer output between the first and last ends caused by the pressure loss along the drip irrigation main pipeline, thereby weakening the impact of pressure loss of long-distance drip irrigation main pipeline on the uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution. The water and fertilizer quota allocation system is connected to the water and fertilizer control module through an output pipe, and the water and fertilizer quota allocation system is connected to the drip irrigation main pipeline through a conduit. The water and fertilizer tank has an opening at its upper end, and a sealing cap is provided at the opening. A water inlet pipe is installed at one end of the water and fertilizer tank.
[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, the water and fertilizer mixing module includes a sleeve. The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank has a circular opening that matches the wall of the sleeve. The upper end of the sleeve extends into the water and fertilizer tank and has multiple water inlets on its wall. A fixing ring is fixedly connected to the wall of the sleeve. The fixing ring is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water and fertilizer tank by fixing bolts. A housing is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sleeve. One side of the housing is fixedly connected to one end of the output pipe. A sealing plate is fixedly connected to the lower end of the housing. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the center of the sealing plate through a sealing bearing. An impeller is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plate. The output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. A guide pipe is provided inside the casing, and a connecting column is provided on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft. The guide pipe is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting column by bolts. The upper end of the guide pipe is located above the water inlet and is provided with a flared part. The flared part contacts the inner wall of the casing. The lower end of the guide pipe extends into the housing and is equipped with a grinding component. The grinding component and the guide pipe cooperate to form a flow channel inside the casing, so that the solid particles in the fertilizer-water mixture can be forcibly broken by the grinding component when flowing through the flow channel, thereby improving the mixing speed and uniformity of the fertilizer-water mixture.
[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the grinding assembly includes a ring, with annular grooves formed at both the upper and lower edges of the ring. An upper grinding disc and a lower grinding disc are respectively fitted into the two annular grooves. The centers of the upper and lower grinding discs are fitted into the wall of a guide pipe through circular holes. The wall of the guide pipe has multiple limiting grooves. Multiple limiting blocks are fixedly connected to the circular holes of the upper and lower grinding discs, and the multiple limiting blocks are respectively fitted into the multiple limiting grooves. One side of the upper grinding disc extends outside the ring. It contacts the inner side of the housing. One side of the lower grinding disc extends to the outside of the ring and contacts one side of the sealing plate. The upper and lower grinding discs are provided with guide grooves on opposite sides. The side wall of the ring is provided with multiple through holes. Springs are sleeved in the multiple through holes. The two ends of the springs contact the opposite sides of the upper and lower grinding discs, respectively. Multiple grinding blocks are fixedly connected to the wall of the guide pipe. The end of the multiple grinding blocks away from the guide pipe contacts the inner wall of the sleeve. A bevel is provided at one corner of the grinding block.
[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the water and fertilizer quota allocation system includes a mother liquor solenoid valve, which is installed on the wall of the output pipe. A metering pump is installed on the wall of the output pipe downstream of the mother liquor solenoid valve. A first check valve is installed on the wall of the output pipe downstream of the metering pump. The output end of the output pipe is connected to the inlet end of the dilution tank. An end cap is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dilution tank by bolts, and the center of the end cap is fixedly connected to the wall of the conduit through an assembly hole. A second check valve is installed on the wall of the conduit. One side of the dilution tank is fixedly connected to one end of a bypass pipe. A third check valve, a dilution water solenoid valve, and a booster pump are sequentially connected to the wall of the bypass pipe. A flow control valve is installed on the wall of the drip irrigation main pipeline.
[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution, an isolation liner is fixedly connected inside the dilution tank, and a spiral plate is fixedly connected between the isolation liner and the inner wall of the dilution tank. The spiral plate forms a mixing channel between the isolation liner and the dilution tank. An annular support plate is fixedly connected to the upper end of the isolation liner, and a perforated tube is sleeved on the upper end of the annular support plate. A snap-fit part is provided at the lower end of the end cap, and the snap-fit part snaps into the upper end of the perforated tube. One end of the conduit extends into the dilution tank.
[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution, the water and fertilizer quota allocation system is also equipped with a sensor group, which includes a weighing sensor, a metering sensor, a water pressure sensor, a bypass flow meter, and a total flow meter. The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank is conical, and a mounting part is fixedly connected to one side. Multiple weighing sensors are provided at the lower end of the mounting part, and multiple weighing sensors are fixedly connected to a support base for monitoring weight changes in the water and fertilizer tank. The metering sensor is integrated with the mother liquor solenoid valve and installed on the output pipe for monitoring the flow rate of the mother liquor. Two water pressure sensors are installed upstream and downstream of the flow control valve respectively for monitoring pressure changes in the drip irrigation main pipeline. The total flow meter is used to monitor the total irrigation volume of the drip irrigation main pipeline. The bypass flow meter is used to monitor the amount of water introduced from the bypass pipe into the dilution tank for regulating the concentration of the diluted water and fertilizer mother liquor.
[0016] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for allocating phosphorus quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This method deeply integrates the dynamic water and phosphorus requirements of alfalfa during its growth period with precision water and fertilizer supply technology, constructing a water and phosphorus synergistic regulation method that features "one-time preparation, time-series matching, online dilution, and automatic execution." This method uses the optimal water-phosphorus ratio as the core of its water and fertilizer control scheme. Relying on the frequency conversion control of the main water pump 7 and the cumulative metering of the total irrigation flow meter, it automatically executes the optimal irrigation quota allocation according to the growth period, and automatically stops the pump after reaching the target irrigation volume, achieving precise synergistic control of the total irrigation volume and the total phosphorus fertilizer volume.
[0017] 2. The phosphorus quota allocation device provided by this technical solution can implement the optimal water-phosphorus synergy mode. By identifying and adjusting the preset ratio scheme through the growth period, and relying on the frequency conversion control of the main water pump and the cumulative metering of the total irrigation flow meter, it can accurately execute the irrigation quota for each growth period, realizing the dynamic matching of water and phosphorus supply with the water and phosphorus requirements of crops. In addition, the device adopts a modular design and can directly replace the original fertilizer tank without changing the existing irrigation network. It provides a compact, precise, energy-saving, reliable and easy-to-promote engineering and technical solution for high-yield and high-efficiency production of alfalfa seeds, realizing "plug and play" transformation. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a technical roadmap for a method of allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a graph showing the actual seed yield under different irrigation and phosphorus application modes in the experimental examples of this invention; Figure 3 This is a graph showing the composition of alfalfa seed yield under different irrigation and phosphorus application modes in the experimental examples of this invention. Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the factors contributing to alfalfa yield under different irrigation and phosphorus application modes in the experimental examples of this invention. Figure 5 Seed quality graphs under different irrigation and phosphorus application modes in the experimental examples of this invention; Figure 6 This is a water use efficiency diagram under different irrigation and phosphorus application modes in the experimental examples of this invention; Figure 7 This is a graph showing the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer under different irrigation and phosphate application modes in the experimental examples of this invention. Figure 8 This is the optimal water and phosphorus management scheme selected from the experimental examples of this invention, which combines irrigation and phosphorus application quota allocation. Figure 9 This is a control system block diagram of a phosphorus application quota allocation device for improving alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 11 This invention relates to a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield. Figure 10 A sectional view; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the water and fertilizer allocation module in a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the water and fertilizer allocation module in a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding component in the water and fertilizer mixing module of a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller, shaft, and guide pipe in a phosphorus application quota distribution device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the upper grinding disc, lower grinding disc, and ring in a phosphorus application quota distribution device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the water and fertilizer quota allocation system in a phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the dilution tank in a phosphorus application quota distribution device for increasing alfalfa seed yield proposed in this invention.
[0019] In the diagram: 1. Water and fertilizer tank; 2. Sealing cap; 3. Dilution tank; 4. Metering pump; 5. Flow control valve; 6. Drip irrigation main pipeline; 7. Main water pump; 8. Drive motor; 9. Housing; 10. Sleeve; 11. Weighing sensor; 12. Impeller; 13. Shaft; 14. Guide pipe; 15. Grinding block; 16. Ring; 17. Upper grinding disc; 18. Mother liquor solenoid valve; 19. Fixing ring; 20. Sealing plate; 21. Inlet; 22. Limiting groove; 23. Guide groove; 24. Limiting block; 25. Annular groove; 26. Spring; 27. Guide tube; 28. Booster pump; 29. End cap; 30. Porous pipe; 31. Annular support plate; 32. Spiral plate; 33. Isolation liner; 34. Lower grinding disc. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] Example 1: The present invention provides a water and phosphorus quota allocation mode for high-yield alfalfa seeds, namely: 15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount are applied during the branching stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and pod-setting stage, respectively; 33% of the total phosphorus amount is applied during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, and 33% during the flowering stage; and no fertilizer is applied during the pod-setting stage. The method specifically includes the following: I. Preparation of planting plots; Clear weeds and level the land in advance, and install an underground drip irrigation system; II. Sowing and application of base fertilizer; Apply base fertilizer when preparing the land. Plant the test varieties using a wide-narrow row mulching method. Drip irrigation is applied uniformly on the second day after sowing to ensure uniform emergence. Emergence irrigation water is not included in the total irrigation amount. The wide row spacing is 60cm, the narrow row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, the sowing depth is 2-3cm, and 3-5 seeds are sown per hole. Before sowing, apply urea and potassium sulfate as base fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 120kg / hm² for urea and 60kg / hm² for potassium sulfate. III. Implementation of irrigation quotas and phosphate fertilizer quotas; The total irrigation volume and total phosphorus application volume are set in hectares. By implementing a water and phosphorus management model that allocates irrigation and phosphorus quotas, water and phosphorus are regulated and applied in proportion to the growth stages of alfalfa, including the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages, through underground drip irrigation. The total irrigation volume during the alfalfa growth period is 2500 m³ / hm². The proportion of underground drip irrigation implemented in each growth stage is 15% of the total irrigation volume for branching (375 m³ / hm²), 20% for budding (500 m³ / hm²), 30% for flowering (750 m³ / hm²), and 35% for pod-setting (875 m³ / hm²). The total phosphorus application rate is 100 kg / hm², using monoammonium phosphate (containing P2O5≥52%), and is implemented simultaneously with irrigation using an integrated water and fertilizer system. It is applied via drip irrigation in the following proportions: 33% of the total phosphorus application rate during the branching stage (i.e., 33 kg / hm²), 34% of the total phosphorus application rate during the budding stage (i.e., 34 kg / hm²), 33% of the total phosphorus application rate during the flowering stage (i.e., 33 kg / hm²), and no phosphorus application during the pod-setting stage (i.e., 33 kg / hm²). IV. Field Management: During the growth period of alfalfa, in addition to the irrigation and phosphorus management of the fixed phosphorus application quota as described in step three, other management measures are the same as those in the local field, including regular weeding and pest and disease control, to ensure a healthy growth environment for alfalfa. V. Harvesting and Measurement: During the harvest period, several representative quadrats were randomly selected within the planting area to harvest alfalfa. After drying, the seeds were threshed to remove impurities, weighed, and the seed yield per hectare was calculated. The yield composition indicators and seed quality indicators of alfalfa were also measured. Simultaneously, according to experimental standards, the yield composition indicators were measured as follows: number of inflorescences per plant, number of florets per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and thousand-seed weight. Seed quality indicators such as germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and radicle length were also measured to calculate water use efficiency and resource efficiency indicators for phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity.
[0022] This method deeply integrates the dynamic water and phosphorus requirements of alfalfa during its growth period with precision water and fertilizer supply technology, constructing a water and phosphorus synergistic regulation method that features "one-time formulation, time-series matching, online dilution, and automatic execution." The method uses an optimal water-phosphorus ratio scheme (15% irrigation + 33% phosphorus during branching stage, 20% irrigation + 34% phosphorus during budding stage, 30% irrigation + 33% phosphorus during flowering stage, and 35% irrigation during pod formation stage) as the core for water and fertilizer control. Relying on the frequency conversion control of the main water pump 7 and the cumulative metering of the total irrigation flow meter, it automatically executes irrigation quota allocations of 15%-20%-30%-35% according to the growth stage, and automatically stops the pump after reaching the target irrigation amount, achieving precise synergistic control of the total irrigation amount and the total phosphorus fertilizer amount.
[0023] By implementing this method, at the agronomical level, it can significantly improve alfalfa seed yield (reaching 762.50 kg / hm², an increase of 76.81% compared to the control), seed quality (germination potential increased by 36.51%, radicle length increased by 47.99%, germination index increased by 35.21%), and water and phosphorus use efficiency (water use efficiency 0.31 kg / m³, phosphorus fertilizer partial productivity increased by 51.21%). At the operational level, by discharging all the water and fertilizer needed for the entire growth period in one go, the tedious operation of weighing, dissolving, and applying fertilizer in three separate steps can be simplified into one preparation and fully automated execution, which lowers the technical threshold for farmers. At the same time, the PLC can automatically record and form a complete fertilization log, making the whole process traceable. In terms of deployment, the entire system adopts a modular design, allowing direct replacement of existing fertilizer and water tanks without altering the original irrigation network. Installation is convenient and plug-and-play, and core control parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the water and phosphorus requirements of different crops, demonstrating excellent scalability. In summary, this method achieves a deep integration of agronomic needs and engineering equipment, providing a replicable and scalable technical solution for high-yield and efficient alfalfa seed production in arid and phosphorus-deficient regions.
[0024] The above method, based on the water and phosphorus requirements of alfalfa at different growth stages, adopts a two-factor split-plot experimental design. By setting different irrigation quota allocation modes and phosphate fertilizer quota allocation modes, it systematically analyzes the effects of irrigation and phosphorus quota allocation modes and their synergistic effects on alfalfa seed yield, seed quality, and water and phosphorus use efficiency. The optimal water and phosphorus regulation mode is screened out to achieve precise water and phosphorus regulation for high alfalfa seed yield.
[0025] Furthermore, this technical solution is a targeted water and phosphorus regulation scheme for arid areas, temperate continental climates, and phosphorus-deficient soils. It can be directly applied, with high precision and strong regional adaptability. Through the two-factor interaction analysis of the water and phosphorus quota allocation model, the synergistic regulation law of water and phosphorus at different growth stages in alfalfa seed production was clarified, providing theoretical support for subsequent similar studies and showing broad application prospects.
[0026] Example 2: In another aspect, this invention provides an apparatus adapted to the method in Embodiment 1, which can implement an optimal water-phosphorus synergistic mode. It automatically calls up the mixing ratio scheme by identifying the growth stage, and relies on the frequency conversion control of the main water pump 7 and the cumulative metering of the total irrigation flow meter to accurately execute the irrigation quota for each growth stage. This achieves dynamic matching between water and phosphorus supply and the crop's water and phosphorus requirements. Furthermore, the apparatus adopts a modular design, which can directly replace the existing fertilizer tank without altering the existing irrigation network. It provides a compact, precise, energy-efficient, reliable, and easily promoted engineering solution for high-yield and efficient alfalfa seed production, achieving a "plug-and-play" modification. The specific technical solution is as follows: The device adapted to the phosphorus application quota allocation method provided by this invention is detailed in the appendix. Figures 1-10 ; The device mainly includes a main water pump 7, a drip irrigation main pipeline 6, a water and fertilizer tank 1 and a water and fertilizer quota distribution system. The upper end of the water and fertilizer tank 1 is provided with an opening, and a sealing cover 2 is provided at the opening. A water inlet pipe is installed at one end of the water and fertilizer tank 1.
[0027] It also includes a water and fertilizer mixing module, which is installed at the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank 1. It uses a circulating stirring method to mix the water and fertilizer mother liquor on site and homogenize the water and fertilizer during fertilization. At the same time, it can force the grinding and dissolution of solid phosphate fertilizer, so that the concentration of the water and fertilizer stored in the water and fertilizer tank 1 is uniform each time it is output. The water and fertilizer mixing module includes a sleeve 10. The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank 1 has a round opening that matches the wall of the sleeve 10. The upper end of the sleeve 10 extends into the water and fertilizer tank 1 and has multiple water inlets 21 on its wall. A fixing ring 19 is fixedly connected to the wall of the sleeve 10. The fixing ring 19 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water and fertilizer tank 1 by fixing bolts. A housing 9 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sleeve 10. One side of the housing 9 is fixedly connected to one end of the output pipe. A sealing plate 20 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the housing 9. A rotating shaft 13 is rotatably connected to the center of the sealing plate 20 through a sealing bearing. An impeller 12 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft 13. A drive motor 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plate 20. The output end of the drive motor 8 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 13. See attached document Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 When preparing the fertilizer solution, the drive motor 8 drives the rotating shaft 13 to select the impeller 12. When the impeller 12 rotates, it pushes the water in the sleeve 10 upward. At this time, the water below the impeller 12 enters from the inlet 21. This can realize the circulation of the fertilizer-water mixture in the fertilizer tank 1. During the mixing process, the impeller 12 can quickly stir the water to further and quickly blend the fertilizer and water. A guide pipe 14 is provided inside the sleeve 10, and a connecting column is provided on the shaft wall of the rotating shaft 13. The guide pipe 14 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting column by bolts. The upper end of the guide pipe 14 is located above the water inlet 21 and is provided with a flared part. The flared part contacts the inner wall of the sleeve 10. The gap between the flared part and the sleeve 10 is controlled at 1-2mm so that the guide pipe 14 can isolate the water inlet flow direction. The lower end of the guide pipe 14 extends into the shell 9 and is equipped with a grinding component. The grinding component and the guide pipe 14 cooperate to form a flow channel in the sleeve 10, so that the solid particles in the fertilizer-water mixture can be forcibly broken by the grinding component when flowing through the flow channel, thereby improving the mixing speed and uniformity of the fertilizer-water mixture. The grinding assembly includes a ring 16, with annular grooves 25 formed at both the upper and lower edges of the ring 16. An upper grinding disc 17 and a lower grinding disc 34 are respectively fitted into the two annular grooves 25. The centers of the upper grinding disc 17 and the lower grinding disc 34 are connected to the wall of the guide pipe 14 through circular holes. Multiple limiting grooves 22 are formed on the wall of the guide pipe 14. Multiple limiting blocks 24 are fixedly connected to the circular holes of the upper grinding disc 17 and the lower grinding disc 34, and are fitted into the multiple limiting grooves 22. Water enters through the inlet 21 and, isolated by the guide pipe 14, flows downwards into the housing 9. It first enters through the guide groove 23 on the surface of the upper grinding disc 17, and then through the guide groove 23 on the surface of the lower grinding disc 34 into the guide pipe 14. Driven by this technology, the mixing, internal circulation, and grinding functions can be integrated into one unit. The internal circulation pump drives the liquid in the tank to flow in a forced manner, and the grinding chamber mechanically shears and grinds the clumps in the circulating liquid, ensuring that all fertilizers are completely dissolved. This guarantees the uniformity and stability of the mother liquor concentration from the source, while effectively preventing undissolved particles from entering the subsequent pipelines. When using this technology, since all the water and fertilizer can be prepared at once, the water and fertilizer preparation module needs to start the mother liquor in the premixed water and fertilizer tank 1 each time water and fertilizer are taken out. The time can be set to about 10 minutes to thoroughly homogenize the mother liquor that has settled.
[0028] One side of the upper grinding disc 17 extends to the outside of the ring 16 and contacts the inside of the housing 9. One side of the lower grinding disc 34 extends to the outside of the ring 16 and contacts the side of the sealing plate 20. A guide groove 23 is provided on the opposite side of the upper grinding disc 17 and the lower grinding disc 34. Multiple through holes are opened on the side wall of the ring 16. A spring 26 is sleeved in each of the multiple through holes. The two ends of the spring 26 contact the opposite side of the upper grinding disc 17 and the lower grinding disc 34, respectively. Multiple grinding blocks 15 are fixedly connected to the pipe wall of the guide pipe 14. The end of the multiple grinding blocks 15 away from the guide pipe 14 contacts the inner wall of the sleeve 10. A bevel is opened at one corner of the grinding block 15.
[0029] This device integrates a compound fertilizer and water treatment system within the fertilizer tank. It solves the problem of phosphate precipitation in traditional fertilizer systems, where the prepared fertilizer solution cannot be used immediately, resulting in low concentration at the top and high concentration at the bottom, leading to inaccurate application rates. This device adopts a "one-time preparation of mother liquor, ready to use" design concept. It stores only high-concentration mother liquor in the fertilizer tank. Each time fertilizer is applied, a metering pump extracts the corresponding proportion of mother liquor and outputs it to the field. The circulation drives the liquid in the tank to flow in a forced manner, and the grinding component mechanically shears and grinds the clumps in the fertilizer solution, ensuring that all fertilizer is completely dissolved. This guarantees the uniformity and stability of the mother liquor concentration from the source, while effectively preventing undissolved particles from entering subsequent pipelines, ensuring accurate and consistent fertilizer concentration for each application.
[0030] This technical solution also includes a dilution tank 3 within the device. This tank is primarily used to extract a corresponding proportion of the mother liquor solution via a metering pump 4 during each fertilization. Simultaneously, the solution is instantly mixed with irrigation water introduced via a bypass in the dilution tank 3 and then immediately output to the field drip irrigation network. This further dilutes the mother liquor solution, preventing it from lingering in the system and ensuring precise and consistent fertilization concentration for each application. Furthermore, the dilution tank 3 is positioned between the mother liquor injection point and the main drip irrigation pipe 6 to premix the mother liquor with dilution water introduced via the bypass pipe, forming a low-concentration, homogeneous fertilizer solution. like Figure 10 As shown, an isolation liner 33 is fixedly connected inside the dilution tank 3. A spiral plate 32 is fixedly connected between the isolation liner 33 and the inner wall of the dilution tank 3. The spiral plate 32 forms a mixing channel between the isolation liner 33 and the dilution tank 3. The mixing channel is mainly used for preliminary mixing of dilution water and mother liquor. An annular support plate 31 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the isolation liner 33. A porous tube 30 is sleeved on the upper end of the annular support plate 31. The mixed liquid can be further mixed by passing through the porous tube 30. A snap-fit part is provided at the lower end of the end cap 29. The snap-fit part snaps into the upper end of the porous tube 30. One end of the conduit 27 extends into the dilution tank 3. Under continuous pressure, the conduit 27 will... The diluted low-concentration water and fertilizer in dilution tank 3 is transported to the main drip irrigation pipeline 6. Although water from the main drip irrigation pipeline 6 is used here, it can be further mixed and diluted on the branch pipeline compared to the traditional direct discharge of mother liquor. This reduces the concentration of the mother liquor in advance and allows it to be mixed with the irrigation water a second time when it is transported to the main pipeline. This not only improves the uniformity of mixing but also extends the discharge time of the mother liquor, thereby mitigating the difference in water and fertilizer output between the beginning and end of the pipeline caused by pressure loss along the main drip irrigation pipeline 6. This reduces the impact of pressure loss in the long-distance main drip irrigation pipeline 6 on the uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution. Furthermore, it does not require modification of the original drip irrigation network system.
[0031] When using the above-mentioned hardware equipment, the operator first adds monoammonium phosphate solid fertilizer and a measured amount of clean water to the water-fertilizer tank 1 according to the total phosphate fertilizer requirement (100 kg / hm²) for the entire growth period of alfalfa. The clean water can be calculated by weight. If injected, the "mother liquor preparation" program is started through the touch screen. The PLC automatically controls the operation of the compound fertilizer and water treatment equipment, which forces the solid fertilizer to circulate and grind in the water-fertilizer tank 1 until it is completely dissolved to form a high-concentration mother liquor. The weighing sensor 11 monitors the weight of the water-fertilizer tank 1 in real time. The weighing sensor 11 needs to be zeroed before configuration. Finally, the weight gain data in the water-fertilizer tank 1 is fed back to the PLC. After dissolution is completed, the equipment automatically stops and enters standby mode.
[0032] Before each growth stage, the operator selects the current growth stage (branching, budding, flowering, or pod formation) via a touchscreen or remote device. The PLC automatically retrieves the target irrigation amount (15%, 20%, 30%, or 35% of the total irrigation amount, respectively) and phosphate fertilizer ratio (33% for branching, 34% for budding, 33% for flowering, and no phosphate during pod formation) based on the built-in optimal mode. It also calculates the required amount of mother liquor to be extracted based on the total amount of mother liquor remaining in water and fertilizer tank 1. After confirmation, the operator presses the "Start" button, and the device automatically executes the water-phosphorus synergistic irrigation task without manual intervention.
[0033] The water and fertilizer quota allocation system is connected to the water and fertilizer control module via an output pipe. The system is also connected to the drip irrigation main pipeline 6 via a conduit 27. The system includes a mother liquor solenoid valve 18, which is mounted on the wall of the output pipe. A metering pump 4 is installed downstream of the mother liquor solenoid valve 18 on the wall of the output pipe. A first check valve is installed downstream of the metering pump 4 on the wall of the output pipe. The output end of the output pipe is connected to the inlet of the dilution tank 3. An end cap 29 is bolted to the upper end of the dilution tank 3, and the center of the end cap 29 is fixedly connected to the wall of the conduit 27 via an assembly hole. A second check valve is installed on the wall of the conduit 27. One side of the dilution tank 3 is fixedly connected to one end of a bypass pipe. A third check valve, a dilution water solenoid valve, and a booster pump 28 are sequentially connected to the wall of the bypass pipe. The drip irrigation main pipeline 6 is also equipped with... The system is equipped with a flow control valve 5; the water and fertilizer quota distribution system is also equipped with a sensor group, which includes a weighing sensor 11, a metering sensor, a water pressure sensor, a bypass flow meter, and a total flow meter. The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank 1 is conical, and a mounting part is fixedly connected to one side. Multiple weighing sensors 11 are installed at the lower end of the mounting part. Multiple weighing sensors 11 are fixedly connected to a support base for monitoring the weight changes in the water and fertilizer tank 1. The metering sensor is integrated with the mother liquor solenoid valve 18 and installed on the output pipe for monitoring the flow rate of the mother liquor. Two water pressure sensors are installed upstream and downstream of the flow control valve 5 respectively for monitoring the pressure changes in the drip irrigation main pipeline 6. The total flow meter is used to monitor the total irrigation volume of the drip irrigation main pipeline 6. The bypass flow meter is used to monitor the amount of water introduced from the bypass pipe into the dilution tank 3 for regulating the concentration of the diluted water and fertilizer mother liquor.
[0034] After the device starts, the PLC first activates the frequency converter of the main water pump 7, starting the main irrigation water pump 7 to supply water to the main pipeline. At the same time, depending on whether phosphorus application is needed during the current growth period, the PLC controls the flow control valve 5 on the main pipeline to close to the preset opening (or completely close), and opens the bypass solenoid valve. Utilizing the pressure difference between the high-pressure area before the valve and the low-pressure area after the valve, the water in the main pipeline automatically flows into the bypass branch and enters the dilution tank 3. Simultaneously, the configured booster pump 28 can be used to pressurize the water. Pressure sensors monitor the pressure before and after the valve in real time to ensure that the pressure difference is stable above 0.1 MPa, guaranteeing the continuous and effective bypass circulation.
[0035] When phosphorus application is required, the PLC starts metering pump 4 based on the calculated target output of the mother liquor, continuously delivering the high-concentration mother liquor from water-fertilizer tank 1 to dilution tank 3. Bypass water instantly mixes and dilutes the mother liquor in dilution tank 3. The mixed water-fertilizer solution naturally flows back to the main drip irrigation pipeline 6 under the negative pressure of the low-pressure zone after the valve, merging with the mainstream irrigation water. During this process, the bypass flow meter measures the dilution water volume in real time, the weighing sensor 11 monitors the decrease in mother liquor in water-fertilizer tank 1, and the PLC automatically verifies the dilution concentration using the ratio of the two to ensure accurate mixing. When the mother liquor output reaches the target value, metering pump 4 stops, but the bypass circulation needs to be maintained for 20-30 seconds to completely flush out any residual water and fertilizer in dilution tank 3 and the pipeline, bringing it into the main drip irrigation pipeline 6. Then, the PLC closes the bypass solenoid valve and fully opens the flow control valve 5 on the main drip irrigation pipeline 6, restoring normal flow in the main pipeline.
[0036] During the pod-filling stage when phosphorus application is not required, or after fertilization, the PLC keeps only the main water pump 7 running, with the flow control valve 5 fully open and the bypass branch closed. The system continues to operate in pure irrigation mode. The total irrigation flow meter accumulates the total water output in real time. When the accumulated flow reaches the target irrigation amount for this growth period, the PLC immediately stops the main water pump 7, completing the irrigation quota control for this period, and stores the actual irrigation amount, fertilizer amount, and time data locally or uploaded to the management platform.
[0037] When the next breeding season arrives, the operator selects the appropriate period again, and the PLC recalculates the required amount of mother liquor based on the remaining total amount, repeating the above process until the pod-setting period ends. Throughout the entire process, all electrically controlled valves, water pumps, metering pumps, and sensors are uniformly coordinated and controlled by the PLC, realizing a fully automated closed-loop operation from mother liquor preparation and online dilution to quota irrigation. The hardware equipment in this system uses existing parts, which are coordinated and debugged to meet the system requirements.
[0038] Experimental example: Experimental Design: A two-factor split-plot design was adopted (Table 1). The main plot adopted the irrigation quota allocation model, with a total irrigation volume of 2500 m³. 3 / hm 2Three different allocation patterns were set according to the branching stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and pod-setting stage: 15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount (W1), 20%, 30%, 30%, and 20% (W2), and 35%, 30%, 20%, and 15% (W3) for the branching stage, budding stage, flowering stage, and pod-setting stage, respectively. Four phosphate fertilizer quota allocation patterns were used in the sub-zone, with a total phosphorus (P2O5) application rate of 100 kg / hm². 2 Twelve treatments were applied at the branching, budding, and flowering stages: 20%, 35%, and 45% of the total phosphorus application (F1), 33%, 34%, and 33% (F2), and 45%, 35%, and 20% (F3), respectively. No phosphorus was applied as the control (F0). Each treatment was replicated three times. The phosphorus fertilizer used was monoammonium phosphate (containing ≥52% P2O5). All treatments received the same nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, with a total application rate of N: 120 kg / hm². 2 K2O: 60 kg / hm 2 The fertilizers used were urea (containing N≥46%) and potassium sulfate (containing K2O≥52%).
[0039] Table 1. Distribution of Irrigation and Fertilizer Applications at Different Growth Stages
[0040] Note: The total irrigation volume for treatments W1, W2, and W3 is 2500 m³. 3 / hm 2 F0 represents the treatment without phosphorus application, while the phosphorus application rate for treatments F1, F2, and F3 is 100 kg / hm². 2 .
[0041] Test materials: The alfalfa variety tested was "Xinmu No. 4".
[0042] Planting method: Wide and narrow row planting is adopted, with a wide row spacing of 60 cm, a narrow row spacing of 20 cm, a plant spacing of 15 cm, a sowing depth of 2-3 cm, and 3-5 seeds per hole; the plot area is 4 m² (2 m × 2 m), and a 50 cm interval is set between plots to prevent water and fertilizer seepage.
[0043] Irrigation and fertilization methods: Irrigation is done via subsurface irrigation, with drip irrigation tape buried shallowly 6-8 cm underground at a spacing of 80 cm between tapes and 15 cm between drippers. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied as base fertilizer to the soil before sowing. Phosphorus fertilizer is applied as top dressing in three applications through the water-fertilizer tank during the branching, budding, and flowering stages, following the phosphorus application treatment, using an integrated water and fertilizer system. Seedling irrigation water is dispensed uniformly on the second day after sowing (not included in the total irrigation volume).
[0044] Definition of reproductive period: The growth stages of alfalfa are shown in Table 2, using 2025 records as an example: branching stage (50% of plants branch), budding stage (50% of plants bud), initial flowering stage (20% of plants flower), full bloom stage (80% of plants flower), pod formation stage (50% of plants form pods), and harvest stage (over 80% of pods turn dark brown).
[0045] Table 2. Growth stages of alfalfa
[0046] Indicator Measurement: Seed yield indicators: actual seed yield, number of inflorescences per plant, number of florets per inflorescence, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, number of pods per inflorescence, and weight of 1,000 seeds.
[0047] Seed quality indicators: germination rate, germination potential, plumule length, radicle length, germination index, and vigor index.
[0048] Water and phosphorus use efficiency: water use efficiency and phosphate fertilizer partial productivity.
[0049] like Figures 1-8 As shown, the experimental procedure and results of the experimental example are as follows: Figure 1 What is disclosed is the technical roadmap of the method; This experimental study used "Xinmu No. 4" alfalfa as material, adopted wide and narrow row planting and shallow drip irrigation technology, and set up 3 irrigation distribution modes (total irrigation water volume 2500 m³ / hm²) and 4 phosphate fertilizer distribution modes (total phosphorus application 100 kg / hm²). After measuring seed yield and quality indicators, the resource utilization efficiency was evaluated by two-way ANOVA.
[0050] Figure 2 Explanation of actual seed yield under different irrigation and phosphorus application methods: The W1F2 treatment had the highest yield, which was significantly higher than that of the other treatment groups except for the W1F0, W1F1 and W1F3 treatments. Figure 3 Explanation of alfalfa seed yield composition under different irrigation and phosphorus application patterns: The study included four indicators: number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per inflorescence, and thousand-seed weight. The W1F2 treatment showed the best performance in all indicators, with 82.60 pods per plant and a thousand-seed weight of 2.00g. Figure 4 Explanation of alfalfa yield components under different irrigation and phosphorus application patterns: The two core factors constituting yield are the number of inflorescences per plant and the number of florets per inflorescence. The number of inflorescences per plant (31.17) and the number of florets per inflorescence (23.17) in the W1F2 treatment were significantly higher than those in the W2F0 treatment.
[0051] Figure 5 Seed quality under different irrigation and phosphorus application methods: The attached diagram illustrates that under the W1F2 treatment, the germination potential, germination rate, radicle length, vigor index, and germination index of the seeds all reached their optimal levels. Specifically, compared to the W1F0 treatment, the W1F2 treatment significantly increased the germination potential by 36.51%, the radicle length by 47.99%, and the germination index by 35.21%. P <0.05).
[0052] Figure 6 Water use efficiency under different irrigation and phosphorus application patterns: The accompanying diagram illustrates that the water use efficiency under the W1 irrigation mode is generally better than that under the W2 and W3 modes, with the W1F2 treatment reaching 0.31 kg / m³, the highest among all treatments.
[0053] Figure 7 Phosphate fertilizer partial productivity under different irrigation and phosphorus application patterns: The accompanying diagram illustrates that the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer under the W1 irrigation mode is generally better than that under the W2 and W3 modes, with the W1F2 treatment exhibiting the best partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer.
[0054] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating the effect of a water and phosphorus management scheme that coordinates irrigation and phosphorus application quotas for alfalfa at various growth stages.
[0055] In summary, the irrigation amounts should be 15% during the branching stage (May 25, 2025), 20% during the budding stage (June 15, 2025), 30% during the flowering stage (July 6, 2025), and 35% during the pod-setting stage (July 30, 2025). Apply 100 kg / hm² of monoammonium phosphate (containing ≥52% P₂O₅). 2 The optimal water and phosphorus management model for alfalfa seed fields in arid regions of Xinjiang (such as oasis areas) was selected by applying 33% of total phosphorus during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, and 33% during the flowering stage, in conjunction with irrigation. I. Significantly Improved Actual Seed Yield and Yield Components of Alfalfa: The optimal combination treatment W1F2 (applying 15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount at the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively (W1), and 33% of the total phosphorus application at the branching stage, 34% at the budding stage, and 33% at the flowering stage (F2)) achieved an actual seed yield of 762.50 mg / L alfalfa. The actual seed yield of alfalfa was 76.81% higher than that of the W2F0 treatment (20%, 30%, 30%, 20% of the total irrigation amount was applied at the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages, respectively, and no fertilizer was applied). Among them, the number of inflorescences per plant was 31.17 and the number of pods per inflorescence was 15.2, which were 112.47% and 58.33% higher than those of the W2F0 treatment (20%, 30%, 30%, 20% of the total irrigation amount was applied at the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages, respectively, and no fertilizer was applied). The core yield components were comprehensively optimized.
[0056] II. Significantly Improved Water and Phosphorus Resource Utilization Efficiency: The water use efficiency of the W1F2 treatment (15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount were applied during the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively (W1), and 33% of the total phosphorus application amount was applied during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, and 33% during the flowering stage (F2)) reached 0.31 kg / m³, which is 76.79% higher than that of the W2F0 treatment (20%, 30%, 30%, and 20% of the total irrigation amount were applied during the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively, and no fertilizer was applied). The partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer was 51.21% higher than that of the W3F2 treatment (35%, 30%, 20%, and 15% of the total irrigation amount were applied during the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively, and 33% of the total phosphorus application amount was applied during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, and 33% during the flowering stage). This achieves efficient utilization of water resources and phosphorus fertilizer, which is in line with the development of water-saving and fertilizer-saving high-efficiency agriculture.
[0057] III. Significantly Improved Alfalfa Seed Quality: The W1F2 treatment (applied 15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount at the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively (W1), and 33% of the total phosphorus application amount at the branching stage, 34% at the budding stage, and 33% at the flowering stage (F2)) showed significantly improved seed germination potential, radicle length, and germination index compared to the W1F0 treatment (applied 15%, 20%, 30%, and 35% of the total irrigation amount at the branching, budding, flowering, and pod-setting stages respectively, and no fertilization) and a germination rate of 97.78%, with a significant increase in seed vigor.
[0058] IV. Significantly Enhanced Regional Adaptability: This technical solution is a targeted water and phosphorus regulation scheme for the temperate continental climate and phosphorus-deficient soil characteristics of arid areas in Xinjiang (such as oasis areas). It can be directly applied and has high precision and strong regional adaptability.
[0059] V. The method of water and phosphorus synergistic regulation for increasing alfalfa seed yield has been clarified: Through two-factor interaction analysis of the water and phosphorus quota allocation model, the synergistic regulation law of water and phosphorus at different growth stages in alfalfa seed production has been clarified, providing theoretical support for subsequent similar studies and showing broad application prospects.
[0060] It should be noted that the term "comprising," or any other variation thereof, is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0061] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the planting plot. Clear weeds, level the land, and install an underground drip irrigation system in advance. Step 2: Sowing and application of base fertilizer. Apply base fertilizer when preparing the land. Plant the test varieties using a wide-narrow row mulching method. Drip water on the second day after sowing to ensure uniform emergence. Step 3: Implementation of irrigation and phosphate fertilizer quotas. The total irrigation amount and total phosphate application amount are set in hectares. By implementing the water and phosphorus management model of irrigation and phosphate application quota allocation, water and phosphorus are regulated to be applied in proportion to the growth stages of alfalfa, including the branching stage, budding stage, flowering stage and pod-setting stage, through underground drip irrigation. Step 4: Field Management. During the alfalfa growth period, in addition to the irrigation and phosphorus management measures described in Step 3, other management measures are the same as those in the local field, including regular weeding and pest and disease control, to ensure a healthy growth environment for alfalfa. Step 5: Harvesting and Measurement. During the harvest period, several representative quadrats are randomly selected within the planting area to harvest alfalfa. After drying, the seeds are threshed to remove impurities, weighed, and the seed yield per hectare is calculated. The yield composition indicators and seed quality indicators of alfalfa are also measured.
2. The method for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the total irrigation water volume during the alfalfa's growth period is 2500 m³ / hm². The proportion of subsurface drip irrigation implemented in each growth stage is 15% of the total irrigation water volume during branching, 20% during budding, 30% during flowering, and 35% during pod formation. The total phosphorus application rate is 100 kg / hm², using monoammonium phosphate (containing P2O5≥52%). It is applied simultaneously with irrigation using an integrated water and fertilizer system, and topdressed through drip irrigation according to the following proportions: 33% of the total phosphorus during the branching stage, 34% during the budding stage, 33% during the flowering stage, and no phosphorus during the pod-setting stage.
3. The method for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the wide and narrow row mulching sowing method involves a wide row spacing of 60cm, a narrow row spacing of 20cm, a plant spacing of 15cm, a sowing depth of 2-3cm, and 3-5 seeds per hole. Before sowing, urea and potassium sulfate are applied to the soil as base fertilizer at a rate of 120kg / hm² for urea and 60kg / hm² for potassium sulfate.
4. The method for allocating phosphorus application quotas to increase alfalfa seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, the following indicators are measured according to experimental standards: number of inflorescences per plant, number of florets per inflorescence, number of pods per inflorescence, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and yield per thousand seeds. These indicators include germination potential, germination rate, germination index, radicle length, and seed quality indicators, which are used to calculate water use efficiency and resource efficiency indicators of phosphate fertilizer partial productivity.
5. An apparatus for the phosphorus quota allocation method for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising a ground control cabinet, a sensor group, a main water pump (7), a drip irrigation main pipeline (6), a water and fertilizer tank (1), and a water and fertilizer quota allocation system, characterized in that, Also includes: The water and fertilizer mixing module is installed at the bottom of the water and fertilizer tank (1). It uses a circulating stirring method to mix the water and fertilizer mother liquor and homogenize the water and fertilizer during fertilization. At the same time, it can force the grinding and dissolving of solid phosphate fertilizer, so that the concentration of the water and fertilizer stored in the water and fertilizer tank (1) is uniform each time it is output. The dilution tank (3) is located between the water and fertilizer mother liquor injection point and the drip irrigation main pipeline (6). It is used to premix the mother liquor with the dilution water introduced through the bypass pipe to form a low-concentration uniform water and fertilizer solution, so as to reduce the difference in water and fertilizer output between the first end and the end caused by the pressure loss along the drip irrigation main pipeline (6), thereby weakening the impact of the pressure loss of the long-distance drip irrigation main pipeline (6) on the uniformity of water and fertilizer distribution. The water and fertilizer quota allocation system is connected to the water and fertilizer control module through an output pipe, and the water and fertilizer quota allocation system is connected to the drip irrigation main pipe (6) through a conduit (27). The upper end of the water and fertilizer tank (1) is provided with an opening, and a sealing cover (2) is provided at the opening. A water inlet pipe is installed at one end of the water and fertilizer tank (1).
6. The phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer mixing module includes a sleeve (10). The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank (1) is provided with a round opening that matches the pipe wall of the sleeve (10). The upper end of the sleeve (10) extends into the water and fertilizer tank (1) and is provided with multiple water inlets (21) on the pipe wall. A fixing ring (19) is fixedly connected to the pipe wall of the sleeve (10). The fixing ring (19) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water and fertilizer tank (1) by fixing bolts. A housing (9) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sleeve (10). One side of the housing (9) is fixedly connected to one end of the output pipe. A sealing plate (20) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the housing (9). A rotating shaft (13) is rotatably connected to the center of the sealing plate (20) through a sealing bearing. An impeller (12) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the rotating shaft (13). A drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the sealing plate (20). The output end of the drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft (13). The sleeve (10) is provided with a guide pipe (14), and the shaft wall of the rotating shaft (13) is provided with a connecting column. The guide pipe (14) is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting column by bolts. The upper end of the guide pipe (14) is located above the water inlet (21) and is provided with a flared part. The flared part is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve (10). The lower end of the guide pipe (14) extends into the shell (9) and is equipped with a grinding component. The grinding component and the guide pipe (14) cooperate in the sleeve (10) to form a flow channel, so that the solid particles in the fertilizer-water mixture can be forcibly broken by the grinding component when flowing through the flow channel, thereby improving the mixing speed and uniformity of the fertilizer-water mixture.
7. The phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grinding assembly includes a ring (16), with annular grooves (25) at both the upper and lower edges of the ring (16). An upper grinding disc (17) and a lower grinding disc (34) are respectively fitted into the two annular grooves (25). The center of the upper grinding disc (17) and the lower grinding disc (34) are fitted into the wall of the guide pipe (14) through a circular hole. The wall of the guide pipe (14) has multiple limiting grooves (22). Multiple limiting blocks (24) are fixedly connected into the circular holes of the upper grinding disc (17) and the lower grinding disc (34). The multiple limiting blocks (24) are respectively fitted into the multiple limiting grooves (22). One side of the upper grinding disc (17) extends outside the ring (16) and is connected to the housing (9). The inner side of the lower grinding disc (34) is in contact with the ring (16), and one side of the lower grinding disc (34) extends to the outside of the ring (16) and contacts one side of the sealing plate (20). The upper grinding disc (17) and the lower grinding disc (34) are provided with guide grooves (23) on opposite sides. The side wall of the ring (16) is provided with multiple through holes, and springs (26) are sleeved in the multiple through holes. The two ends of the springs (26) are in contact with the opposite sides of the upper grinding disc (17) and the lower grinding disc (34), respectively. Multiple grinding blocks (15) are fixedly connected to the pipe wall of the guide pipe (14). The end of the multiple grinding blocks (15) away from the guide pipe (14) is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve (10). A bevel is provided at one corner of the grinding block (15).
8. The phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer quota allocation system includes a mother liquor solenoid valve (18), which is installed on the wall of the output pipe. A metering pump (4) is installed on the wall of the output pipe downstream of the mother liquor solenoid valve (18). A first check valve is installed on the wall of the output pipe downstream of the metering pump (4). The output end of the output pipe is connected to the inlet end of the dilution tank (3). An end cap (29) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dilution tank (3) by bolts. The center of the end cap (29) is fixedly connected to the wall of the conduit (27) through an assembly hole. A second check valve is installed on the wall of the conduit (27). One side of the dilution tank (3) is fixedly connected to one end of the bypass pipe. A third check valve, a dilution water solenoid valve, and a booster pump (28) are connected sequentially on the wall of the bypass pipe. A flow control valve (5) is installed on the wall of the drip irrigation main pipe (6).
9. A phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to claim 8, characterized in that: An isolation liner (33) is fixedly connected inside the dilution tank (3). A spiral plate (32) is fixedly connected between the isolation liner (33) and the inner wall of the dilution tank (3). The spiral plate (32) forms a mixing channel between the isolation liner (33) and the dilution tank (3). An annular support plate (31) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the isolation liner (33). A porous tube (30) is sleeved on the upper end of the annular support plate (31). A snap-fit part is provided at the lower end of the end cap (29). The snap-fit part snaps with the upper end of the porous tube (30). One end of the conduit (27) extends into the dilution tank (3).
10. A phosphorus application quota allocation device for increasing alfalfa seed yield according to claim 8, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer quota allocation system is also equipped with a sensor group, which includes a weighing sensor (11), a metering sensor, a water pressure sensor, a bypass flow meter and a total flow meter. The lower end of the water and fertilizer tank (1) is conical and has a mounting part fixedly connected to one side. Multiple weighing sensors (11) are provided at the lower end of the mounting part. Multiple weighing sensors (11) are fixedly connected to a support base for real-time monitoring of weight changes in the water and fertilizer tank (1). The metering sensor is integrated with the mother liquor solenoid valve (18) and installed on the output pipe for monitoring the flow rate of the mother liquor. Two water pressure sensors are installed upstream and downstream of the flow control valve (5) respectively for monitoring pressure changes in the drip irrigation main pipeline (6). The total flow meter is used to monitor the total irrigation volume of the drip irrigation main pipeline (6). The bypass flow meter is used to monitor the amount of water introduced from the bypass pipe into the dilution tank (3) in real time for controlling the concentration of diluted water and fertilizer mother liquor.