Sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism
By using an adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism, flexible adaptive bonding and real-time anti-collision protection between the laser cutting head and the workpiece surface are achieved, solving the problems of slow response speed and unstable detection accuracy of the path controller in the prior art, and improving cutting accuracy and equipment safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SMAIR SEMICONDUCTOR (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-05-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
The existing laser cutting head path controller has a slow response speed, cannot dynamically adjust to follow the undulations of the workpiece surface in real time, has unstable detection accuracy, and has a single anti-collision protection mechanism with serious lag. It cannot achieve flexible adaptive bonding between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, which makes it easy to scratch the workpiece surface and wear the cutting head during the cutting process.
An adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism are adopted, combined with proximity sensors, trigger plates and flexible gas supply tubes, to achieve adaptive contact between the cutting head and the workpiece surface. Through a dual anti-collision protection structure and an integrated gas path auxiliary structure, non-contact real-time detection and anti-collision protection are performed, as well as cooling and slag removal.
It improves cutting accuracy and surface quality, simplifies structural design, enhances the efficiency and continuity of laser cutting operations, extends the lifespan of the laser head, and avoids collision damage between the cutting head and the workpiece.
Smart Images
Figure CN122252846A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cutting heads, specifically to an adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head for sheet metal parts and a path control mechanism. Background Technology
[0002] In the current era of rapid development in industries such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, construction machinery, and home appliance sheet metal, sheet metal parts, as core structural components of various mechanical equipment and end products, directly determine the performance and quality of the entire product through their processing precision, production efficiency, and complex forming capabilities.
[0003] Currently available multi-axis laser cutting heads are driven by a multi-axis control module to move along a planned path according to a preset cutting program. The laser module emits a high-energy laser beam that is focused on the surface of the sheet metal part to achieve melting and cutting of the material. To maintain a stable cutting focal length, the workpiece height and cutting path parameters are calibrated in advance to achieve fixed-distance cutting.
[0004] However, the path control of existing laser cutting heads relies on a single external height sensor with a slow response speed, which cannot dynamically adjust to the undulations of the workpiece surface in real time. It is also susceptible to interference from cutting fumes, strong light, and metal reflections, resulting in unstable detection accuracy. The anti-collision protection mechanism is simple and has serious lag, mostly relying on contact triggering or single non-contact detection. It only triggers a stop when the cutting head physically collides with an obstacle or comes into very close proximity, making it impossible to predict collision risks in advance. Furthermore, it can only detect collisions at the front end of the cutting head. In addition, existing devices cannot achieve flexible adaptive contact between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, which can easily lead to the cutting head scraping the workpiece surface during the cutting process, causing scratches on the workpiece and wear on the cutting head. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Based on this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism for sheet metal parts, so as to solve the technical problems of existing laser cutting heads with slow response speed of their independently external height sensor, inability to dynamically adjust to the undulations of the workpiece surface in real time, unstable detection accuracy, single anti-collision protection mechanism with serious lag, and only able to detect collisions at the front end of the cutting head. In addition, existing devices cannot achieve flexible adaptive fitting between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, and the cutting head is prone to scraping the workpiece surface during the cutting process.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism for sheet metal parts, comprising a multi-axis control module and a laser module. A fixed plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the laser module. A path control mechanism is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the laser module. An auxiliary mechanism is provided at the bottom of the path control mechanism. A gas supply mechanism is provided on the outer side of the laser module. The path control mechanism includes a proximity sensor, a connector, a trigger block, a sliding rod, a connecting rod, a trigger elastic element, and a second trigger plate. The proximity sensor is fixedly connected to the inner side of the fixed plate. The connector is slidably connected to the fixed plate through the sliding rod. The connecting rod is fixedly connected to one side of the connector. The trigger elastic element is movably disposed inside the connecting rod and the second trigger plate is fixedly connected to its top. The auxiliary mechanism includes a nozzle, a spiral air passage, a cooling chamber, an annular chamber, and a jet nozzle. The nozzle is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod. The spiral air passage is sequentially connected to the cooling chamber and the annular chamber. The gas supply mechanism includes a flexible gas supply pipe and a nozzle. The gas supply pipe connects the nozzle and the spiral air passage.
[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, this invention ensures the safe and stable operation of the cutting head through adaptive fitting combined with a dual anti-collision protection structure. The movable ball at the bottom of the nozzle can roll on the sheet metal surface, and the elastic buffer of the connecting spring achieves adaptive fitting between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, stably maintaining the cutting focal length. The dual-trigger anti-collision design uses first and second metal trigger plates in conjunction with an inductive proximity sensor to perform non-contact real-time detection of collision risks at the top and bottom of the cutting head, respectively. This quickly triggers the multi-axis control module to stop for protection, effectively preventing laser head collision damage and significantly improving the safety and reliability of equipment operation. Simultaneously, the integrated air path auxiliary structure achieves cooling and heat dissipation as well as cutting debris removal. Compressed air is split through a spiral air channel, one path enters the surrounding cooling chamber to cool the laser output part and extend the life of the laser head, while the other path enters the annular cavity and blows away cutting smoke and debris through evenly distributed inclined jet nozzles, while preventing smoke and dust from adhering and contaminating the laser output surface. This complements the adaptive anti-collision function. The flexible air supply tube can move with the nozzle to ensure a continuous and stable air supply, which not only improves the cutting accuracy and surface quality of sheet metal parts, but also simplifies the structural design of the cutting head, thus improving the overall efficiency and continuity of laser cutting operations.
[0008] Furthermore, the path control mechanism also includes a first trigger plate and a return spring. The trigger block is slidably connected to the connector through the first trigger plate. The return spring connects the trigger block and the connector. The first trigger plate is made of metal and can be brought close to the proximity sensor to trigger an anti-collision signal when triggered. A connecting spring is provided between the sliding rod and the fixed plate. The connecting spring can provide elastic buffering for the connector and the nozzle, so that the nozzle can retract smoothly and maintain positional stability after being compressed.
[0009] The trigger elastic element is an elastic metal sheet structure. The movable groove is opened on the outside of the sleeve. The bottom end of the trigger elastic element extends into the movable groove. When pressed, it can drive the second trigger sheet to move and trigger the proximity sensor.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when the laser module is working, the trigger elastic element will first contact the workpiece surface, and the trigger elastic element will be squeezed. Its top will then move with the second trigger piece. At this time, the second trigger piece will approach the trigger area of the proximity sensor, controlling the laser module to prevent it from colliding with the workpiece surface. If the top area of the laser module approaches the workpiece or other positions that have interference, the trigger block will first contact it, and the first trigger piece will move inside the connector to reach the trigger area of the proximity sensor, thereby triggering the proximity sensor and preventing the laser module from moving further.
[0011] Furthermore, the auxiliary mechanism also includes a blocking ring, which is fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the laser module. The blocking ring can limit the stroke of the nozzle and prevent the nozzle from excessively squeezing the laser module's output end. The cooling cavity is opened around the inner side of the nozzle and fits against the outer wall of the laser module. When compressed air flows through the cooling cavity, it can form air cooling for the laser output part, extending the life of the laser head.
[0012] The auxiliary mechanism also includes multiple sets of movable balls, which are movably installed at the bottom of the nozzle. The movable balls can roll on the sheet metal surface, reducing the friction of the nozzle movement and achieving adaptive fitting. The air jet is evenly distributed along the annular cavity and is inclined downward. The ejected airflow can blow away cutting smoke and debris, while preventing smoke from adhering to the laser emission surface.
[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas is eventually injected into the annular cavity through the spiral air passage opened inside the nozzle. The cooling cavity is connected to the spiral air passage, so some of the compressed air will enter the cooling cavity, thereby cooling the laser emission part of the laser module. The compressed air entering the annular cavity will then be ejected from multiple sets of jet nozzles, which can spray air onto the surface of the workpiece. This can clean the surface of the workpiece and also blow away the chips generated when the laser module cuts the workpiece.
[0014] Furthermore, the gas delivery pipe is a flexible pipe that can deform freely as the nozzle moves up and down, ensuring a continuous and stable delivery of gas to the spiral airway.
[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the gas delivery mechanism is connected to an external gas source through a gas nozzle, and then compressed air is injected into the nozzle through the gas delivery pipe.
[0016] Furthermore, the proximity sensor is an inductive sensor, which, together with the first and second trigger plates made of metal, achieves non-contact triggering and, together with the multi-axis control module, forms real-time anti-collision protection.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the proximity sensor is an inductive sensor, while the second trigger piece and the first trigger piece are made of metal. Therefore, after the second trigger piece and the first trigger piece are close to the proximity sensor, the magnetic field of its trigger area will change, thereby releasing an electrical signal into the device, and thus controlling the laser module to prevent it from colliding with the workpiece surface.
[0018] In summary, the present invention has the following main advantages: The present invention ensures the safe and stable operation of the cutting head through adaptive fitting combined with a dual anti-collision protection structure. The movable ball at the bottom of the nozzle can roll on the sheet metal surface, and the elastic buffer of the connecting spring achieves adaptive fitting between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, stably maintaining the cutting focal length. The dual-trigger anti-collision design uses first and second metal trigger plates in conjunction with an inductive proximity sensor to perform non-contact real-time detection of the collision risk at the top and bottom of the cutting head, respectively. This can quickly trigger the multi-axis control module to stop for protection, effectively avoiding damage to the laser head from collisions and significantly improving the safety of equipment operation. The system prioritizes both safety and reliability. Simultaneously, the integrated air-assisted structure achieves cooling and slag removal. Compressed air is split through a spiral air channel; one path enters the surrounding cooling chamber to cool the laser output area, extending the laser head's lifespan. The other path enters the annular cavity where evenly distributed inclined nozzles blow away cutting fumes and debris, preventing fumes from adhering to and contaminating the laser output surface. This complements the adaptive anti-collision function. The flexible air supply pipe moves with the nozzle to ensure a continuous and stable air supply. This not only improves the cutting accuracy and surface quality of sheet metal parts but also simplifies the cutting head's structural design, comprehensively enhancing the efficiency and continuity of laser cutting operations. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a first-view structural schematic diagram of some parts of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A;
[0022] Figure 4 This is a second-view structural schematic diagram of some parts of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B;
[0024] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a part of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point C;
[0026] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point D.
[0027] In the diagram: 1. Multi-axis control module; 2. Laser module; 3. Fixing plate; 4. Path control mechanism; 401. Proximity sensor; 402. Connector; 403. First trigger plate; 404. Trigger block; 405. Return spring; 406. Sliding rod; 407. Connecting spring; 408. Connecting rod; 409. Trigger elastic element; 410. Second trigger plate; 411. Movable groove; 5. Auxiliary mechanism; 501. Nozzle; 502. Blocking ring; 503. Spiral air passage; 504. Cooling chamber; 505. Annular cavity; 506. Air nozzle; 507. Movable ball; 6. Air supply mechanism; 601. Air supply pipe; 602. Air nozzle. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0029] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described.
[0030] An adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head for sheet metal parts and a path control mechanism, such as Figure 1-8 As shown, it includes a multi-axis control module 1 and a laser module 2. A fixing plate 3 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the laser module 2. A path control mechanism 4 is set on the outer bottom of the laser module 2. An auxiliary mechanism 5 is set at the bottom of the path control mechanism 4. A gas supply mechanism 6 is set on the outer side of the laser module 2. Since the laser module 2 is installed on the multi-axis control module 1, when the laser module 2 is operated by the control module of the external device to start working, the laser module 2 will move synchronously.
[0031] Furthermore, the path control mechanism 4 includes a proximity sensor 401, a connector 402, a trigger block 404, a sliding rod 406, a connecting rod 408, a trigger elastic element 409, and a second trigger piece 410. The proximity sensor 401 is fixed to the inner side of the fixed plate 3. The connector 402 is slidably connected to the fixed plate 3 through the sliding rod 406. The connecting rod 408 is fixed to one side of the connector 402. The trigger elastic element 409 is movably disposed inside the connecting rod 408 and the second trigger piece 410 is fixed to its top. The auxiliary mechanism 5 includes a nozzle 501, a spiral air passage 503, a cooling chamber 504, an annular chamber 505, and a jet nozzle 506. The nozzle 501 is fixed to the bottom of the connecting rod 408. The spiral air passage 503 is sequentially connected to the cooling chamber 504 and the annular chamber 505. The air supply mechanism 6 includes a flexible air supply pipe 601 and an air nozzle 602. The air supply pipe 601 connects the air nozzle 602 and the spiral air passage 503.
[0032] In the example, the path control mechanism 4 also includes a first trigger plate 403 and a reset spring 405. The trigger block 404 is slidably connected to the connector 402 through the first trigger plate 403. The reset spring 405 connects the trigger block 404 and the connector 402. The first trigger plate 403 is made of metal. When triggered, it can approach the proximity sensor 401 to trigger the anti-collision signal. A connecting spring 407 is provided between the sliding rod 406 and the fixed plate 3. The connecting spring 407 can provide elastic buffer for the connector 402 and the sleeve 501, so that the sleeve 501 can retract smoothly and maintain position stability after being pressed.
[0033] When the laser module 2 is working, the trigger elastic element 409 will first contact the workpiece surface and be squeezed. Its top will then move the second trigger piece 410. At this time, the second trigger piece 410 will be close to the trigger area of the proximity sensor 401, controlling the laser module 2 to not collide with the workpiece surface. If the top area of the laser module 2 is close to the workpiece or other positions that have interference, the trigger block 404 will first contact it. The first trigger piece 403 will then move inside the connector 402 and reach the trigger area of the proximity sensor 401, thereby triggering the proximity sensor 401 and preventing the laser module 2 from moving further.
[0034] Furthermore, the trigger elastic element 409 is an elastic metal sheet structure, and the movable groove 411 is opened on the outside of the sleeve 501. The bottom end of the trigger elastic element 409 extends into the movable groove 411. When pressed, it can drive the second trigger piece 410 to move and trigger the proximity sensor 401.
[0035] In the example, the auxiliary mechanism 5 also includes a blocking ring 502, which is fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the laser module 2. The blocking ring 502 can limit the stroke of the nozzle 501 and prevent the nozzle 501 from excessively squeezing the light-emitting end of the laser module 2. The cooling cavity 504 is opened around the inner side of the nozzle 501 and fits against the outer wall of the laser module 2. When compressed air flows through the cooling cavity 504, it can form wind-cooled heat dissipation for the laser light-emitting part, extending the service life of the laser head. The auxiliary mechanism 5 also includes multiple sets of movable balls 507, which are movably installed at the bottom of the nozzle 501. The movable balls 507 can roll on the sheet metal surface, reducing the moving friction of the nozzle 501 and achieving adaptive fitting. The jet nozzles 506 are evenly distributed along the annular cavity 505 and are inclined downward. The jet air can blow away cutting smoke and debris, while preventing smoke and dust from adhering to the laser light-emitting surface.
[0036] The gas is injected into the annular cavity 505 through the spiral air passage 503 inside the nozzle 501. The cooling cavity 504 is connected to the spiral air passage 503, so some of the compressed air will enter the cooling cavity 504, thereby cooling the laser emission part of the laser module 2. The compressed air entering the annular cavity 505 will then be ejected from multiple sets of jet nozzles 506, which can spray air onto the surface of the workpiece. This can clean the surface of the workpiece and also blow away the chips generated when the laser module 2 cuts the workpiece.
[0037] In the example, the air supply pipe 601 is a flexible pipe that can deform freely as the sleeve 501 moves up and down, ensuring that the air source is continuously and stably delivered to the spiral air passage 503. The air supply mechanism 6 is connected to the external air source through the air nozzle 602, and then compressed air is injected into the sleeve 501 through the air supply pipe 601.
[0038] In the example, the proximity sensor 401 is an inductive sensor, which, together with the first trigger piece 403 and the second trigger piece 410 made of metal, achieves non-contact triggering and forms real-time anti-collision protection with the multi-axis control module 1.
[0039] The proximity sensor 401 is an inductive sensor, while the second trigger piece 410 and the first trigger piece 403 are made of metal. Therefore, when the second trigger piece 410 and the first trigger piece 403 are close to the proximity sensor 401, the magnetic field of their trigger area will change, thereby releasing an electrical signal into the device and controlling the laser module 2 to prevent it from colliding with the workpiece surface.
[0040] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When in use, since the laser module 2 is installed on the multi-axis control module 1, when the laser module 2 is operated by the control module of the external device to start working, the laser module 2 will move synchronously.
[0041] After the laser module 2 moves, when it comes into contact with the workpiece to be processed, the nozzle 501 will first come into contact with the workpiece, and then the nozzle 501 will be squeezed, thereby forcing multiple sets of connecting rods 408, and then multiple sets of sliding rods 406 will simultaneously stretch the connecting spring 407.
[0042] After the nozzle 501 moves, it will be placed on the laser emission part of the laser module 2. After the nozzle 501 moves a certain distance, it will be blocked by the blocking ring 502, thus limiting the movement distance of the nozzle 501. Therefore, when the laser module 2 starts to move and work, the path control mechanism 4, the auxiliary mechanism 5 and the gas delivery mechanism 6 will start to move synchronously.
[0043] After the equipment is started, the gas supply mechanism 6 is connected to the external gas source through the gas nozzle 602. Then, compressed air is injected into the sleeve 501 through the gas supply pipe 601. The gas is finally injected into the annular cavity 505 through the spiral air passage 503 opened inside the sleeve 501. On the inner side of the sleeve 501, multiple sets of cooling chambers 504 are opened. The cooling chambers 504 are connected to the spiral air passage 503. Therefore, when the compressed air passes through the spiral air passage 503, some of the compressed air will enter the cooling chamber 504, thereby cooling the laser emission part of the laser module 2.
[0044] Compressed air enters the annular cavity 505 and is then ejected from multiple sets of jet nozzles 506. This jet can clean the surface of the workpiece and also blow away the chips generated when the laser module 2 cuts the workpiece.
[0045] Multiple sets of movable balls 507 are installed at the bottom of the nozzle 501. When the laser module 2 moves, the presence of the movable balls 507 allows the nozzle 501 to move synchronously with the laser module 2.
[0046] When the laser module 2 moves, in order to prevent the laser module 2 from hitting the workpiece, a path control mechanism 4 is installed on the outside of the laser module 2. A movable groove 411 is opened on the outer wall of the nozzle 501, and a trigger elastic element 409 with a certain elasticity is installed in the movable groove 411. Its upper half is installed inside the connecting rod 408, and its top is connected to the second trigger piece 410.
[0047] Therefore, when the laser module 2 is working, if its laser emission part comes into contact with the workpiece part during processing, the trigger elastic element 409 will first come into contact with the workpiece surface. As the laser module 2 moves further, the trigger elastic element 409 will be squeezed and then move inside the connecting rod 408, and its top will move with the second trigger piece 410.
[0048] At this time, the second trigger piece 410 will come close to the trigger area of the proximity sensor 401. The proximity sensor 401 is an inductive sensor, while the second trigger piece 410 itself is made of metal. Therefore, after the second trigger piece 410 comes close to the proximity sensor 401, the magnetic field of its trigger area will change, thereby releasing an electrical signal into the device, and thus controlling the laser module 2 to prevent it from colliding with the workpiece surface.
[0049] Meanwhile, multiple sets of trigger blocks 404 are also set on the outer side of the connection area between the top of the laser module 2 and the fixed plate 3. The inner side of the multiple sets of trigger blocks 404 is connected to the connector 402 through the reset spring 405. When the laser module 2 is operated by the equipment, if the top area of the laser module 2 is close to the workpiece or other positions that have interference;
[0050] The trigger block 404 will come into contact with it first, which will cause the trigger block 404 to be squeezed. Then the first trigger piece 403 will move inside the connector 402. The first trigger piece 403 is also made of a metal material. So after the first trigger piece 403 moves, it will reach the trigger area of the proximity sensor 401, thereby triggering the proximity sensor 401 and preventing the laser module 2 from moving further.
[0051] After the laser module 2 is manipulated away from the corresponding area by the equipment, the trigger block 404 will be reset under the elastic action of the reset spring 405. The trigger elastic element 409 itself has a certain elasticity, so it will automatically reset after the laser module 2 leaves.
[0052] The above structure can solve the technical problems of existing laser cutting heads, such as slow response speed of their independent external height sensor, inability to dynamically adjust to the undulations of the workpiece surface in real time, unstable detection accuracy, single anti-collision protection mechanism with serious lag, and only being able to detect collisions at the front end of the cutting head. In addition, existing devices cannot achieve flexible adaptive bonding between the cutting head and the workpiece surface, and the cutting head is prone to scraping the workpiece surface during the cutting process.
[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, these specific embodiments are merely explanations of the invention and are not intended to limit it. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications, substitutions, and variations to the embodiments as needed without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, but such modifications, substitutions, and variations are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism, comprising a multi-axis control module (1) and a laser module (2), characterized in that: The laser module (2) is fixedly connected to a fixing plate (3) on its outer wall. A path control mechanism (4) is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the laser module (2). An auxiliary mechanism (5) is provided at the bottom of the path control mechanism (4). A gas delivery mechanism (6) is provided on the outer side of the laser module (2). The path control mechanism (4) includes a proximity sensor (401), a connector (402), a trigger block (404), a sliding rod (406), a connecting rod (408), a trigger elastic element (409), and a second trigger plate (410). The proximity sensor (401) is fixed to the inside of the fixed plate (3). The connector (402) is slidably connected to the fixed plate (3) through the sliding rod (406). The connecting rod (408) is fixed to one side of the connector (402). The trigger elastic element (409) is movably disposed inside the connecting rod (408) and... The top is fixed with a second trigger plate (410). The auxiliary mechanism (5) includes a nozzle (501), a spiral air passage (503), a cooling chamber (504), an annular chamber (505), and a jet nozzle (506). The nozzle (501) is fixed to the bottom of the connecting rod (408). The spiral air passage (503) is connected to the cooling chamber (504) and the annular chamber (505) in sequence. The air supply mechanism (6) includes a flexible air supply pipe (601) and a nozzle (602). The air supply pipe (601) connects the nozzle (602) and the spiral air passage (503).
2. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The path control mechanism (4) further includes a first trigger plate (403) and a reset spring (405). The trigger block (404) is slidably connected to the connector (402) through the first trigger plate (403). The reset spring (405) connects the trigger block (404) and the connector (402). The first trigger plate (403) is made of metal and can be brought close to the proximity sensor (401) to trigger the anti-collision signal when it is triggered.
3. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: A connecting spring (407) is provided between the sliding rod (406) and the fixed plate (3). The connecting spring (407) can provide elastic buffer for the connector (402) and the sleeve (501), so that the sleeve (501) can retract smoothly and maintain positional stability after being pressed.
4. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trigger elastic element (409) is an elastic metal sheet structure. The movable groove (411) is opened on the outside of the sleeve (501). The bottom end of the trigger elastic element (409) extends into the movable groove (411). When pressed, it can drive the second trigger piece (410) to move and trigger the proximity sensor (401).
5. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary mechanism (5) also includes a blocking ring (502), which is fixed to the outer side of the bottom of the laser module (2). The blocking ring (502) can limit the stroke of the nozzle (501) and prevent the nozzle (501) from excessively squeezing the light output end of the laser module (2).
6. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling cavity (504) is opened around the inside of the nozzle (501) and fits the outer wall of the laser module (2). When compressed air flows through the cooling cavity (504), it can form wind-cooled heat dissipation for the laser output part and extend the service life of the laser head.
7. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary mechanism (5) also includes multiple sets of movable balls (507), which are movably installed at the bottom of the nozzle (501). The movable balls (507) can roll on the sheet metal surface to reduce the friction of the nozzle (501) and achieve adaptive fitting.
8. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet nozzles (506) are evenly distributed along the annular cavity (505) and inclined downwards. The jetting air can blow away cutting smoke and debris, while preventing smoke from adhering to the laser emission surface.
9. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas delivery pipe (601) is a flexible pipe that can deform freely as the nozzle (501) moves up and down, ensuring that the gas source is continuously and stably delivered to the spiral air passage (503).
10. The sheet metal adaptive multi-axis laser cutting head and path control mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The proximity sensor (401) is an inductive sensor, which, together with the first trigger piece (403) and the second trigger piece (410) made of metal, achieves non-contact triggering and, together with the multi-axis control module (1), forms real-time anti-collision protection.