Underground intelligent distribution and regulation system for coal gangue concrete

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical fields of green mining and intelligent construction of mines, and discloses an underground intelligent material distribution and regulation system for coal gangue concrete, which comprises a three-stage warehouse structure of a storage warehouse, a preparation warehouse and a metering warehouse connected in sequence, and is matched with a high-precision weighing sensor, an online density detection device and a controllable precision gate. A central control unit acquires the material bulk density in real time according to the input target concrete proportioning, dynamically calculates and controls the volume through a fuzzy control algorithm, and adjusts the gate opening to realize the accurate proportioning of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials. The present application effectively solves the problems of inaccurate metering and out-of-control proportioning caused by the complex grading and large density fluctuation of underground gangue, improves the uniformity and strength stability of concrete preparation, supports the resource utilization of gangue in coal mines without ascending to the surface, and has the advantages of high automation, strong adaptability, high control precision and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of green mining and intelligent construction technology, specifically to an underground intelligent material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete. Background Technology

[0002] In the green development strategy of coal mines, "no gangue brought to the surface" and underground resource utilization are key measures for achieving sustainable development in my country's coal mines. This strategy can not only completely solve the environmental pollution and land pressure caused by surface gangue accumulation, but also directly release 15-20% of the mine's transportation capacity resources, release the limited coal hoisting capacity of the mine, and significantly increase the mine's hoisting efficiency and comprehensive economic benefits. "No gangue brought to the surface" utilizes coal gangue as graded aggregate or cementitious material in underground coal mine concrete. The prepared underground coal gangue concrete is directly used for shotcrete support and hardening projects in coal mine roadways, and as a high-strength material for filling large-scale mining-affected goaf areas. This is an innovative technological path for the on-site disposal of bulk coal gangue in the coal mine solid waste resource utilization strategy.

[0003] my country's proposed on-site resource conversion and utilization of coal gangue without bringing it to the surface is aligned with the country's top-level strategy for green coal mining. However, as of now, there is a lack of mines in my country that can directly utilize coal gangue without bringing it to the surface, especially in the area of ​​using coal gangue as a high-strength concrete gradation material underground, which remains a blank area. The main reasons for this are: First, the metering methods for underground coal gangue concrete gradation are crude and outdated, lacking precise metering tools and methods, making it difficult to produce high-strength concrete. Most of the concrete used in mines in my country is mixed at surface mixing plants, transported by truck to the underground work area, used for secondary mixing and shotcreting support, or directly used for hardening. Systems and methods for directly mixing large quantities of coal gangue underground are still rare. Second, current underground concrete mixing lacks precision control, mostly relying on manual visual loading, rough mixing with loaders, or experience-based feeding. This makes it difficult to meet the standards for high-strength concrete preparation, and there is an urgent need to solve the problem of precise metering methods and supporting tools for underground coal mine concrete gradation. Third, the gradation of underground coal gangue is complex, with large variations in bulk density. The lack of targeted direct metering instruments leads to feeding quality errors exceeding ±30%, serious loss of mix proportion control, and failure to guarantee the homogeneity and strength stability of the prepared concrete. This severely violates concrete standards and can lead to support failure disasters. Fourth, my country currently lacks a system for intelligent concrete preparation using coal gangue without bringing it to the mine. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete, solving at least one of the technical problems mentioned in the background art. By combining a three-level physical structure of material storage, preparation, and metering with fuzzy logic control of quality, density, and volume, the system achieves dynamic and precise proportioning of gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, ensuring high stability and reliability in the concrete preparation process.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete, comprising the following units: The three-level storage unit is arranged in sequence along the material conveying direction, including a storage bin, a preparation bin, and a metering bin. The storage bin is used to store different materials, the preparation bin is used to pre-homogenize the materials, and the metering bin is used to perform the final metering of the materials. The sensing and detection unit includes a density detection device and a weighing sensor. The density detection device is used to obtain the bulk density of the material in the metering bin or preparation bin in real time, and the weighing sensor is set in the metering bin and is used to obtain the actual mass of the material in the metering bin in real time. The execution control unit includes a controllable precision gate and an actuator. The controllable precision gate is located at the bottom of the metering chamber, and the actuator is used to drive the controllable precision gate to move. The central control unit is communicatively connected to both the sensing and detection unit and the execution control unit. The central control unit is configured to receive the target concrete mix proportion, which includes the target mass of each material. Based on the target mass and the material bulk density fed back in real time by the density detection device, the corresponding control volume is dynamically calculated by a fuzzy algorithm. Based on the control volume and the actual mass of the material fed back by the weighing sensor, a control command is generated by a fuzzy control algorithm to adjust the opening of the controllable precision gate to achieve accurate delivery of materials from the metering bin.

[0006] Preferably, in the three-level storage unit, a first feeding device is provided between the storage silo and the preparation silo, and a second feeding device is provided between the preparation silo and the metering silo. Both the first feeding device and the second feeding device are controlled by the central control unit.

[0007] Preferably, the density detection device is a non-contact online density meter, selected from microwave density meters and X-ray density meters.

[0008] Preferably, the process of the central control unit executing the fuzzy control algorithm includes calculating the real-time deviation and deviation change rate between the target quality and the actual quality, fuzzifying the deviation and deviation change rate as input variables, obtaining a fuzzy output about the controllable precision gate opening adjustment amount based on a preset rule base, and defuzzifying the fuzzy output to generate precise gate control commands.

[0009] Preferably, the preset rule base consists of multiple rules in the form of IF-THEN, where the antecedent of the rule is a combination of fuzzy linguistic variables about deviation and deviation change rate, and the consequent of the rule is a fuzzy linguistic variable about gate opening adjustment amount.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation chamber contains a homogenization device, which is used to loosen and homogenize the density of the material. The homogenization device is a stirrer or a vibrator.

[0011] Preferably, the opening adjustment range of the controllable precision gate is 0 to 100%, the actuator is a servo motor or a high linearity pneumatic actuator, and the actuator is communicatively connected to the central control unit to receive control commands and drive the controllable precision gate to move.

[0012] Preferably, the central control unit is further configured to adaptively optimize and adjust the parameters or preset rule base of the fuzzy control algorithm based on historical material distribution data and result feedback. The system also includes a human-machine interface that is communicatively connected to the central control unit for inputting the target concrete mix ratio, displaying real-time material distribution data, adjusting parameters and system status.

[0013] Preferably, both the first feeding device and the second feeding device are valves or frequency converters. The start-up, shutdown and conveying capacity of the first feeding device are controlled by the central control unit, and the start-up, shutdown and conveying capacity of the second feeding device are also controlled by the central control unit.

[0014] Preferably, an intelligent underground material distribution and control method for coal gangue concrete includes the following steps: S1. Input the target concrete mix ratio into the central control unit; S2. According to the proportioning sequence, the materials are transported from the storage silo to the preparation silo through the first feeding device, and pre-homogenized through the homogenization device; S3. The pre-homogenized material is transported from the preparation bin to the metering bin via the second feeding device; S4. The mass and bulk density of the material in the metering chamber are obtained in real time through weighing sensors and density detection devices. S5. The central control unit calculates the control volume using a fuzzy algorithm based on the target quality and real-time bulk density, and adjusts the controllable precision gate opening at the bottom of the metering bin using a fuzzy control algorithm based on the real-time quality deviation until the feeding quality meets the target requirements. S6. Add the prepared materials from the metering chamber to the mixing device.

[0015] This invention provides an intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention adopts a three-level storage structure consisting of a storage silo, a preparation silo, and a metering silo, thereby separating the functions of storage, equalization, and metering. This effectively avoids interference with metering accuracy caused by impacts and pressure phenomena during material transportation, and provides a stable and reliable physical structural foundation for subsequent precision control.

[0016] 2. This invention relies on a non-contact online density meter to collect the bulk density of materials in real time, and combines it with a fuzzy algorithm to perform dynamic volume conversion, accurately offsetting the measurement deviation caused by the complex gradation and large fluctuation of bulk density of underground coal gangue, and solving the problem that traditional measurement methods are difficult to adapt.

[0017] 3. The central control unit of this invention processes quality deviation and deviation change rate through fuzzy control algorithm, drives controllable precision gate to achieve high-precision adjustment of small flow rate, greatly improves the accuracy of the ratio of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious material, and ensures the consistency of material distribution in different batches.

[0018] 4. This invention can be seamlessly connected with the upstream gangue crushing and screening system and the downstream concrete mixing device. With the help of the human-machine interface, it can realize the fully automated operation of the entire process, such as formula input and process monitoring, which significantly reduces the intensity of manual intervention and is suitable for the large-scale application needs of complex underground working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent material distribution system for underground mining according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see the appendix Figure 1 This invention provides an intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete, comprising the following units: The three-level storage unit is arranged in sequence along the material conveying direction, including a storage bin, a preparation bin, and a metering bin. The storage bin is used to store different materials, the preparation bin is used to pre-homogenize the materials, and the metering bin is used to perform the final metering of the materials. The sensing and detection unit includes a density detection device and a weighing sensor. The density detection device is used to obtain the bulk density of the material in the metering bin or preparation bin in real time, and the weighing sensor is set in the metering bin and is used to obtain the actual mass of the material in the metering bin in real time. The execution control unit includes a controllable precision gate and an actuator. The controllable precision gate is located at the bottom of the metering chamber, and the actuator is used to drive the controllable precision gate to move. The central control unit is communicatively connected to both the sensing and detection unit and the execution control unit. The central control unit is configured to receive the target concrete mix proportion, which includes the target mass of each material. Based on the target mass and the material bulk density fed back in real time by the density detection device, the corresponding control volume is dynamically calculated through a fuzzy algorithm. Based on the control volume and the actual mass of the material fed back by the weighing sensor, a control command is generated through a fuzzy control algorithm to adjust the opening of the controllable precision gate to achieve accurate delivery of materials from the metering bin.

[0022] Specifically, the three-level storage units are fixedly installed sequentially along the underground material conveying path. Storage silos are divided into independent sections according to material type. The outlets of each silo are connected to the corresponding inlets of the preparation silos via conveying channels. The preparation silos have internal structures for material loosening and density homogenization, and their outlets are precisely aligned with the inlets of the metering silos. The metering silos are stably installed using load-bearing structures to ensure accurate weighing. In the sensing and detection unit, density detection devices are fixedly installed on the inner wall of either the metering or preparation silos, employing a non-contact online detection method to avoid interfering with the material's state. Weighing sensors are rigidly connected to the bottom of the metering silo to capture real-time changes in material mass. The controllable precision gate of the execution control unit is sealed to the bottom outlet of the metering silo, and the actuator is driven by the gate to ensure linear accuracy in gate opening adjustment. The central control unit employs industrial-grade control equipment, establishing stable connections with the density detection device, weighing sensor, and actuator via communication lines. Upon receiving the target concrete mix proportion, it collects real-time data on the material bulk density from the density detection device and the actual mass from the weighing sensor. A fuzzy algorithm calculates the control volume, using the difference between the target mass and the actual mass as the deviation input. This algorithm dynamically corrects the control volume based on real-time bulk density. A fuzzy control algorithm then generates a gate opening adjustment command, mapping the deviation and its rate of change to fuzzy linguistic variables. Based on a pre-defined rule base, it infers the gate opening adjustment amount and ultimately outputs a precise control signal to drive the actuator, achieving accurate material delivery. Through the collaborative work of each unit, the system effectively solves the problem of inaccurate measurement caused by the complex gradation and large fluctuations in bulk density of underground coal gangue. This ensures the accuracy of the proportioning of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, improves the uniformity and strength stability of concrete preparation, and achieves automated and precise material distribution for the resource utilization of underground coal gangue, reducing manual intervention and adapting to complex underground working conditions.

[0023] In the three-level storage unit, a first feeding device is installed between the storage bin and the preparation bin, and a second feeding device is installed between the preparation bin and the metering bin. Both the first and second feeding devices are controlled by the central control unit.

[0024] Specifically, a first feeding device is fixedly installed between the discharge port of the storage silo and the inlet of the preparation silo, and a second feeding device is fixedly installed between the discharge port of the preparation silo and the inlet of the metering silo. Both feeding devices are connected to the central control unit via a stable communication line to ensure accurate transmission of control commands. Based on the material feeding sequence set in the target concrete mix design, combined with the material inventory status of the storage silo and the pre-homogenization progress feedback from the preparation silo, the central control unit sends start / stop control signals to the first feeding device to achieve orderly material transport from the storage silo to the preparation silo. Simultaneously, based on the material filling requirements of the metering silo and real-time quality feedback, the central control unit sends corresponding control signals to the second feeding device to adjust its operating status to ensure stable material supply to the metering silo and avoid material impact interfering with metering accuracy. This setup allows the flow of materials between the three storage units to be completely automated, effectively avoiding problems such as disordered conveying, material accumulation, or insufficient supply caused by manual operation. It improves the continuity and reliability of the entire material distribution system, provides a stable material basis for subsequent material pre-homogenization and precise metering, and thus ensures the accuracy of the proportion of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials.

[0025] The density detection device is a non-contact online density meter, selected from either a microwave density meter or a radiation density meter.

[0026] Specifically, one density detection device is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the metering or preparation chamber, avoiding the area directly impacted by the material and ensuring a stable distance between the detection probe and the material surface. The microwave density meter transmits microwave signals through the material and captures changes in bulk density based on signal attenuation. The X-ray density meter transmits X-rays and receives the intensity of the transmitted rays, converting it into bulk density data. Both devices transmit real-time density data to the central control unit via communication lines. This non-contact online detection method avoids equipment wear and material condition interference caused by direct contact with the material. It adapts to complex underground working conditions and continuously outputs stable and accurate density data, providing a reliable basis for the central control unit to dynamically calculate and control the volume. This effectively overcomes metering deviations caused by fluctuations in underground material density, ensures material proportioning accuracy, and contributes to improving the uniformity and strength stability of concrete preparation.

[0027] The process of the central control unit executing the fuzzy control algorithm includes calculating the real-time deviation and the rate of change of the deviation between the target quality and the actual quality, fuzzifying the deviation and the rate of change of the deviation as input variables, obtaining a fuzzy output about the controllable precision gate opening adjustment amount based on the preset rule base, and defuzzifying the fuzzy output to generate precise gate control commands.

[0028] Specifically, the central control unit receives the target mass of materials in the target concrete mix proportion in real time. The actual mass of the material in the weighing bin is fed back by the weighing sensor. The quality deviation was obtained through calculation. Simultaneously, the deviation change rate is obtained based on the changes in deviation between adjacent time points. Combined with the real-time bulk density of the material fed back by the density detection device Through formula Calculate the theoretical control volume The central control unit will detect quality deviations. The deviation change rate C is used as the input variable of the fuzzy control algorithm. It is mapped to fuzzy quantities described in natural language, such as negative large (NB), negative small (NS), zero (ZO), positive small (PS), and positive large (PB), through a preset membership function. Inference is then performed based on a preset rule base consisting of multiple IF-THEN rules. The antecedent of the preset rule base is a combination of fuzzy linguistic variables representing the deviation e and the deviation change rate EC, and the consequent is a fuzzy linguistic variable representing the controllable precision gate opening adjustment. Typical rule examples include: IF e is PB (significant shortage), ANDEC is ZO (no improvement), THEN output opening increment is PB (significant increase); IF e is PS (slight shortage), ANDEC is NS (decreasing), THEN output opening increment is ZO (maintaining current); IF e is NS (slight over-excess), ANDEC is PS (expanding), THEN output opening increment is NB (significant decrease). The system inputs the fuzzified values ​​'e' and 'EC' into the fuzzy inference engine in real time, matches all relevant rules in parallel, and performs a comprehensive evaluation to obtain a fuzzy output set of the gate opening adjustment amount. Then, the centroid method is used to defuzzify this output set, converting the fuzzy quantity into a precise control signal that can directly drive the actuator. This control signal precisely corresponds to the gate opening adjustment requirement, realizing the dynamic adjustment of the controllable precision gate opening. Represents the target quality of the material. This represents the actual mass of the materials within the metering bin. This represents a quality deviation. Represents the real-time bulk density of the material. This represents the theoretical control volume. The algorithm accurately captures metering deviations caused by fluctuations in underground material density, rapidly responds to and outputs appropriate control commands through fuzzy inference, effectively overcoming the problem of material characteristic fluctuations that traditional metering methods struggle to address. This ensures the accuracy of the proportioning of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, and improves the stability and reliability of the material distribution process.

[0029] The preset rule base consists of multiple rules in the form of IF-THEN. The antecedent of the rule is a combination of fuzzy linguistic variables about deviation and deviation change rate, and the consequent of the rule is a fuzzy linguistic variable about gate opening adjustment amount.

[0030] Specifically, the pre-defined rule base is constructed based on the actual working conditions of underground coal gangue concrete distribution. Each rule clarifies the correspondence between the antecedent and consequent in the form of IF-THEN. The antecedent is composed of a combination of fuzzy linguistic variables of deviation and deviation change rate. These fuzzy linguistic variables cover expressions such as negative large, negative small, zero, positive small, and positive large, which correspond to the magnitude and trend of the difference between the target quality and the actual quality during the distribution process. The consequent is the fuzzy linguistic variable corresponding to the gate opening adjustment amount, such as negative large, negative small, zero, positive small, and positive large, which is directly related to the adjustment direction and magnitude of the gate opening. For example, if the deviation is large and the rate of change of the deviation is zero, the gate opening adjustment amount is large; if the deviation is small and the rate of change of the deviation is small, the gate opening adjustment amount is zero. This can comprehensively cover various combinations of deviation and rate of change of deviation, enabling the central control unit to quickly respond to changes in metering deviation caused by fluctuations in the density of underground materials, accurately output gate adjustment commands, effectively ensure the rationality and timeliness of controllable precision gate opening adjustment, and thus improve the accuracy of material proportioning and the stability of the material distribution process.

[0031] Prepare a homogenization device inside the warehouse. The homogenization device is used to loosen and homogenize the density of the material. The homogenization device is a stirrer or a vibrator.

[0032] Specifically, an agitator or vibrator is installed inside the preparation silo, adapted to the silo structure. The agitator's shaft is fixed longitudinally or laterally along the silo body, with its blades conforming to the material movement area within the silo. The vibrator is tightly fixed to the outer wall of the preparation silo, corresponding to the material accumulation area. Both devices are connected to the central control unit to receive start / stop control signals. When material is transported from the storage silo to the preparation silo, the central control unit activates the homogenization device based on the material delivery completion signal. The agitator, through continuous rotation, drives the blades to break up material clumps and promote uniform material distribution. The vibrator, through high-frequency vibration, loosens the material and eliminates density stratification. Both methods ensure a more uniform physical state of the material within the preparation silo. This effectively improves the problems of accumulation, compaction, and uneven density that easily occur during underground material transportation, reduces measurement deviations caused by material density fluctuations, ensures the accuracy of the proportioning of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, and thus improves the uniformity and strength stability of concrete preparation.

[0033] The opening range of the controllable precision gate is 0 to 100%. The actuator is a servo motor or a high-linearity pneumatic actuator. The actuator is connected to the central control unit to receive control commands and drive the controllable precision gate to move.

[0034] Specifically, the controllable precision gate is sealed and securely connected to the bottom discharge port of the metering hopper, ensuring stability during operation. The actuator establishes a signal transmission channel with the central control unit via a stable communication line, receiving gate opening control commands from the central control unit in real time. A servo motor drives the gate to achieve smooth displacement through precise speed and angle control, while a high-linearity pneumatic actuator pushes the gate through air pressure regulation. Both actuation methods enable smooth adjustment of the controllable precision gate throughout its entire stroke, ensuring precise correspondence between opening changes and control commands. This allows the gate opening to be flexibly adjusted according to material distribution needs, accurately responding to adjustment commands output by the fuzzy control algorithm, achieving refined control of material flow, effectively avoiding feeding deviations caused by gate adjustment lag or insufficient precision, ensuring the accuracy of the proportioning of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, and adapting to long-term stable operation under complex underground conditions, improving the reliability and control accuracy of the entire material distribution system.

[0035] The central control unit is also configured to adaptively optimize and adjust the parameters or preset rule base of the fuzzy control algorithm based on historical material distribution data and result feedback. The system also includes a human-machine interface that communicates with the central control unit for inputting the target concrete mix ratio, displaying real-time material distribution data, adjusting parameters and system status.

[0036] Specifically, the central control unit continuously stores historical data such as the target quality, actual quality, material bulk density, gate adjustment commands, and final quality deviation during each batch of material distribution. By analyzing the correlation between this data and the distribution effect, when a stable trend in the quality deviation of multiple distributions is detected, the membership function parameters of the fuzzy control algorithm or the consequent fuzzy linguistic variables of the preset rule base are automatically fine-tuned, enabling the algorithm to better adapt to changes in material characteristics or equipment operating status. The human-machine interface establishes a connection with the central control unit through a stable communication method. Operators can directly input relevant parameters of the target concrete mix ratio through this interface. The interface displays in real time the material inventory in the storage and preparation bins, the quality and bulk density of the material in the metering bin, the real-time opening of the controllable precision gate, the current control parameters of the fuzzy control algorithm, and the operating status of each unit in the system, facilitating real-time monitoring of the material distribution process and adjustment of relevant parameters as needed. The control strategy of the central control unit can be dynamically optimized according to the actual working conditions, continuously improving the accuracy and stability of material distribution. The human-machine interface simplifies the operation process and realizes the visual control of the material distribution process, reducing the complexity of manual intervention. The two work together to ensure that the system can operate stably and accurately for a long time under complex underground working conditions.

[0037] Both the first and second feeding devices are valves or frequency converters. The start-up, shutdown, and conveying capacity of the first feeding device are controlled by the central control unit, as are the start-up, shutdown, and conveying capacity of the second feeding device.

[0038] Specifically, the first feeding device is installed between the outlet of the storage silo and the inlet of the preparation silo, while the second feeding device is installed between the outlet of the preparation silo and the inlet of the metering silo. Both devices utilize either a valve or a variable frequency feeder and are connected to the central control unit via a stable communication link. The central control unit sends start / stop signals to the first feeding device and adjusts its valve opening or variable frequency feeder operating parameters to control the conveying volume based on the material feeding sequence of the target concrete mix, the material inventory feedback from the storage silo, and the pre-homogenization progress of the preparation silo. Simultaneously, based on the material filling requirements of the metering silo and real-time quality feedback, it sends corresponding control signals to the second feeding device, controlling the material conveying state by adjusting its valve opening or operating frequency. This achieves precise and controllable material flow between the three storage units, ensuring that the feeding to the preparation silo matches the pre-homogenization rhythm and that the feeding to the metering silo avoids impact interference. This provides a stable guarantee for subsequent material pre-homogenization and accurate metering, effectively improving the operational continuity and mix proportion accuracy of the material distribution system, reducing errors caused by manual operation, and meeting the needs of automated material distribution in underground mines.

[0039] Please see the appendix Figure 2 This embodiment provides an intelligent underground material distribution and control method for coal gangue concrete, including the following steps: S1. Input the target concrete mix ratio into the central control unit; S2. According to the proportioning sequence, the materials are transported from the storage silo to the preparation silo through the first feeding device, and pre-homogenized through the homogenization device; S3. The pre-homogenized material is transported from the preparation bin to the metering bin via the second feeding device; S4. The mass and bulk density of the material in the metering chamber are obtained in real time through weighing sensors and density detection devices. S5. The central control unit calculates the control volume using a fuzzy algorithm based on the target quality and real-time bulk density, and adjusts the controllable precision gate opening at the bottom of the metering bin using a fuzzy control algorithm based on the real-time quality deviation until the feeding quality meets the target requirements. S6. Add the prepared materials from the metering chamber to the mixing device.

[0040] Specifically, the operator inputs the target concrete mix proportion to the central control unit via a human-machine interface. After receiving and storing the relevant parameters of each material, the central control unit initiates the material distribution process, sending control signals to the first feeding device according to the set mix proportion. This drives the device to transport the corresponding material from the storage silo to the preparation silo. After material transport is complete, the central control unit triggers the homogenization device to start, loosening and homogenizing the material in the preparation silo through stirring or vibration. After homogenization, the central control unit controls the second feeding device to smoothly transport the pre-treated material from the preparation silo to the metering silo, avoiding material impact that could affect metering accuracy. Weighing sensors in the metering silo capture real-time changes in material mass, and a density detection device simultaneously collects bulk density data. Both continuously transmit the data to the central control unit. The central control unit then uses the target mass... and real-time packing density Based on this, through the formula The theoretical control volume is calculated, along with the deviation and rate of change of the target mass from the actual mass. These two parameters are used as input variables for a fuzzy control algorithm and fuzzified. Based on a preset rule base, a fuzzy output for the gate opening adjustment is derived. After defuzzification, a precise control command is generated, driving the actuator to adjust the opening of the controllable precision gate at the bottom of the metering hopper until the material delivery quality meets the target requirements. Finally, the central control unit controls the controllable precision gate to fully open, accurately delivering the prepared material from the metering hopper to the downstream mixing device. This achieves fully automated control from proportion input to material delivery. Through real-time density detection and fuzzy algorithm collaboration, it effectively offsets the metering deviation caused by fluctuations in underground material density, ensuring the proportioning accuracy of coal gangue aggregate and cementitious materials, improving the uniformity, strength stability, and resource utilization rate of concrete preparation, while significantly reducing errors and labor intensity caused by manual intervention.

[0041] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete, characterized in that, It consists of the following units: The three-level storage unit is arranged in sequence along the material conveying direction, including a storage bin, a preparation bin, and a metering bin. The storage bin is used to store different materials, the preparation bin is used to pre-homogenize the materials, and the metering bin is used to perform the final metering of the materials. The sensing and detection unit includes a density detection device and a weighing sensor. The density detection device is used to obtain the bulk density of the material in the metering bin or preparation bin in real time, and the weighing sensor is set in the metering bin and is used to obtain the actual mass of the material in the metering bin in real time. The execution control unit includes a controllable precision gate and an actuator. The controllable precision gate is located at the bottom of the metering chamber, and the actuator is used to drive the controllable precision gate to move. The central control unit is communicatively connected to both the sensing and detection unit and the execution control unit. The central control unit is configured to receive the target concrete mix proportion, which includes the target mass of each material. Based on the target mass and the material bulk density fed back in real time by the density detection device, the corresponding control volume is dynamically calculated by a fuzzy algorithm. Based on the control volume and the actual mass of the material fed back by the weighing sensor, a control command is generated by a fuzzy control algorithm to adjust the opening of the controllable precision gate to achieve accurate delivery of materials from the metering bin.

2. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the three-level storage unit, a first feeding device is provided between the storage silo and the preparation silo, and a second feeding device is provided between the preparation silo and the metering silo. Both the first feeding device and the second feeding device are controlled by the central control unit.

3. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density detection device is a non-contact online density meter, selected from either a microwave density meter or a radiation density meter.

4. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of the central control unit executing the fuzzy control algorithm includes calculating the real-time deviation and deviation change rate between the target quality and the actual quality, fuzzifying the deviation and deviation change rate as input variables, obtaining a fuzzy output about the controllable precision gate opening adjustment amount based on a preset rule base, and defuzzifying the fuzzy output to generate precise gate control commands.

5. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset rule base consists of multiple rules in the form of IF-THEN. The antecedent of the rule is a combination of fuzzy linguistic variables about deviation and deviation change rate, and the consequent of the rule is a fuzzy linguistic variable about gate opening adjustment amount.

6. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation chamber contains a homogenization device, which is used to loosen and homogenize the density of the material. The homogenization device is a stirrer or a vibrator.

7. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable precision gate has an opening adjustment range of 0 to 100%. The actuator is a servo motor or a high-linearity pneumatic actuator. The actuator is connected to the central control unit to receive control commands and drive the controllable precision gate to move.

8. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central control unit is also configured to adaptively optimize and adjust the parameters or preset rule base of the fuzzy control algorithm based on historical material distribution data and result feedback. The system also includes a human-machine interface that is connected to the central control unit for inputting the target concrete mix ratio, displaying real-time material distribution data, adjusting parameters and system status.

9. The intelligent underground material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first and second feeding devices are valves or frequency converters. The start-up, shutdown and conveying capacity of the first feeding device are controlled by the central control unit, and the start-up, shutdown and conveying capacity of the second feeding device are also controlled by the central control unit.

10. A method for intelligent material distribution and control in underground coal gangue concrete, characterized in that, The underground intelligent material distribution and control system for coal gangue concrete as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: S1. Input the target concrete mix ratio into the central control unit; S2. According to the proportioning sequence, the materials are transported from the storage silo to the preparation silo through the first feeding device, and pre-homogenized through the homogenization device; S3. The pre-homogenized material is transported from the preparation bin to the metering bin via the second feeding device; S4. The mass and bulk density of the material in the metering chamber are obtained in real time through weighing sensors and density detection devices. S5. The central control unit calculates the control volume using a fuzzy algorithm based on the target quality and real-time bulk density, and adjusts the controllable precision gate opening at the bottom of the metering bin using a fuzzy control algorithm based on the real-time quality deviation until the feeding quality meets the target requirements. S6. Add the prepared materials from the metering chamber to the mixing device.

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