Double confinement regulation semiconductor fiber, its preparation method and its application in plant microclimate monitoring

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of flexible optoelectronic devices and precision agricultural monitoring technology, specifically relating to a dual-confined control semiconductor fiber, its preparation method, and its application in plant microclimate monitoring. Through a dual innovative architecture of "spatial confinement crystallization of the internal fiber core" and "synergistic confinement through mesoporous-microphase separation in the external cladding," this invention achieves integrated functionality of high signal-to-noise ratio photoelectric detection and reversible humidity response, providing a novel flexible fabric platform for non-contact, distributed, real-time monitoring of plant transpiration dynamics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of flexible optoelectronic devices and precision agricultural monitoring technology, specifically relating to a dual-confined control semiconductor fiber, its preparation method, and its application in plant microclimate monitoring. Background Technology

[0002] Plants dominate terrestrial biomass, profoundly influencing Earth's habitability by converting solar energy and regulating atmospheric carbon content. Among these processes, transpiration constitutes the primary pathway for water transport and vapor exchange within plants, directly determining their hydration status and physiological activity. This process is strictly regulated by microclimate parameters, particularly the highly spatiotemporally heterogeneous light intensity and ambient humidity, which together control stomatal behavior and transpiration. The dynamic relationship between light and transpiration-generated water provides the most direct indicator for assessing plant water status and health. In modern precision agriculture, plant physiological activities exhibit significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity throughout the canopy. Capturing these rapid spatiotemporal changes requires a continuous, non-contact sensing platform with spatial resolution on plants. However, existing sensing technologies still face significant challenges in achieving this goal.

[0003] Currently, wearable plant electronics mainly consist of two-dimensional (2D) dense films laminated onto the surface of plant leaves. For example, Joanna M. Nassar et al. reported a plant microclimate sensor based on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate in their article "Compliantplant wearables for localized microclimate and plant growth monitoring" published in the journal npj Flexible Electronics (npj Flex. Electron. 2018, 2(1), 24.). While these sensors possess a certain degree of flexibility, their drawback lies in the extremely poor air permeability of the dense polymer substrate. When tightly attached to the leaf surface, they inevitably physically block the plant's stomata and severely damage the air boundary layer on the leaf surface. This not only creates an "artificial microclimate" that traps water vapor dissipation, leading to severe distortion of the measured real transpiration dynamics data, but also means that the inherent local measurement characteristics of two-dimensional film sensors prevent the mapping of macroscopic microclimate spatial distribution without a wide distribution area.

[0004] In contrast, continuous one-dimensional thermally stretched semiconductor fibers are considered a promising alternative due to their excellent air permeability and large-area weavability. For example, Mehmet Bayindir et al. reported in their article "Metal-insulator-semiconductor optoelectronic fibres" (Nature, 2004, 431(7010): 826-829.) published in Nature that a method for preparing metal-insulator-semiconductor optoelectronic fibers using a macroscopic preform thermal stretching process can achieve continuous manufacturing of long-distance fibers. However, the optoelectronic fibers prepared by this method have significant defects. On the one hand, due to the rapid cooling and geometric confinement during the thermal stretching process, the semiconductor core exhibits an amorphous structure, resulting in limited carrier mobility and extremely poor photoelectric response; while if such a whole core is completely crystallized, it will induce excessively high dark current. On the other hand, most existing optoelectronic fibers lack sensitivity to environmental stimuli such as humidity fluctuations caused by plant transpiration, and cannot meet the needs of multimodal coupling monitoring of plant microclimates.

[0005] In summary, existing technologies cannot simultaneously achieve high signal-to-noise ratio photoelectric detection and reversible humidity response, and are even less capable of achieving large-area plant microclimate monitoring in a non-invasive manner. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a dual-confined control semiconductor fiber, its preparation method and its application in plant microclimate monitoring. The present invention achieves integrated functionality of high signal-to-noise ratio photoelectric detection and reversible humidity response through a dual innovative architecture of "spatial confinement crystallization of the internal core" and "synergistic confinement of mesoporous-microphase separation in the external cladding".

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a dual-confined controllable semiconductor fiber, comprising a semiconductor fiber and a coating layer covering the surface of the semiconductor fiber; the semiconductor fiber includes a fiber body, a semiconductor core extending along the axial direction of the fiber body, and conductive electrodes located on both sides of the semiconductor core; the semiconductor core exhibits N sets of polycrystalline-amorphous structures along its length direction; the polycrystalline-amorphous structures are such that the semiconductor core exhibits both polycrystalline and amorphous states along its width direction; and N≥1; The side of the conductive electrode away from the semiconductor fiber core is exposed on the surface of the fiber body; The coating layer is made of moisture-sensitive nanocomposite materials and copolymers; The humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material is a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal encapsulated in a mesoporous material; the copolymer is obtained by microphase separation of a block copolymer.

[0008] Preferably, the semiconductor fiber has a square cross-section; the fiber body is made of an insulating polymer; the semiconductor core is made of a chalcogenide or a chalcogenide-containing compound; and the conductive electrode is made of carbon-doped polyethylene or carbon-doped polycarbonate.

[0009] Preferably, the mesoporous material is mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles; the metal halide perovskite nanocrystals are CsPbBr3; and the block copolymer is a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer comprising rigid polystyrene blocks and flexible polyolefin blocks.

[0010] This invention also provides a method for preparing the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber described above, comprising the following steps: (1) Providing preforms for semiconductor fibers; (2) The semiconductor fiber preform is continuously hot-stretched to obtain semiconductor fiber; (3) Heat treatment is performed on the side of the semiconductor fiber without exposed conductive electrodes to obtain a semiconductor fiber with a polycrystalline-amorphous structure in the width direction; The spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is 0.5~3mm; (4) After immersing the semiconductor fiber obtained in step (3) into the coating liquid, it is pulled up to form a film to obtain the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber; The coating solution is obtained by mixing a solution of a moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material and a block copolymer; the solvent in the block copolymer solution is soluble in the flexible blocks of the block copolymer but insoluble in the rigid blocks.

[0011] Preferably, the solvent in the block copolymer solution is cyclohexane; the heat treatment temperature is 100~200℃, and the treatment time is 1~5 min; The continuous hot stretching is carried out using a polymer drawing tower, which is equipped with a three-zone vertical heating furnace. During the continuous hot stretching, the temperature of the three-zone vertical heating furnace is set as follows: upper temperature zone 130~145℃, middle temperature zone 330~350℃, and lower temperature zone 130~145℃. During the continuous hot stretching, the bar feeding speed is 0.8~1.2 mm / min, the traction speed is 0.3~0.6 m / min, and the hot stretching ratio is 1:17~25. The concentration of the block copolymer in the coating solution is 0.8~1.2 wt%; The lifting speed is 10~15cm / min.

[0012] Preferably, the preparation of the preform includes the following steps: Provide a first polymer sheet and a second polymer sheet with a groove in the middle position; Electrodes are respectively embedded in the rectangular grooves of the first polymer plate and the second polymer plate, and respectively subjected to the first hot pressing to obtain the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates. The third polymer plate with a groove in the middle is placed between the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates. The resulting composite structure is then subjected to a second hot pressing, and semiconductor fiber core material is filled into the central cavity channel formed by the first, second, and third polymer plates to obtain the preform of the semiconductor fiber.

[0013] Preferably, the first hot pressing and the second hot pressing are performed independently at 200 °C and 700 kg pressure; the first hot pressing and the second hot pressing are performed independently for 10 min; during the second hot pressing, a support is first filled into the rectangular groove of the third polymer plate, and after the second hot pressing is completed, the support is removed and then the semiconductor fiber core material is filled.

[0014] The present invention also provides the application of the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber described in the above technical solution or the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber prepared by the above preparation method in plant microclimate monitoring.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for monitoring plant microclimate using dual-domain controlled semiconductor fibers, comprising the following steps: suspending and deploying a smart fabric array above the plant canopy to monitor in real time the spatiotemporal heterogeneity changes in light intensity and humidity caused by plant transpiration; The smart fabric array is formed by multiple dual-confined control semiconductor fibers arranged in a cross pattern according to the fabric topology; the dual-confined control semiconductor fiber is the dual-confined control semiconductor fiber described in the above technical solution or the dual-confined control semiconductor fiber prepared by the above preparation method.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) This invention innovatively introduces local spatial confinement heat treatment technology to construct a "polycrystalline-amorphous" heterostructure inside a single semiconductor fiber core, breaking the problem that traditional optoelectronic fibers cannot simultaneously achieve high responsivity and low dark current. This allows the device to maintain high photosensitivity while locking the dark current at an extremely low level, thus achieving a significant improvement in optoelectronic performance.

[0017] 2) This invention constructs an external cladding layer of "mesoporous-microphase separation synergistic confinement," solving the problems of irreversible degradation of perovskite sensitive materials upon contact with water and their easy agglomeration and detachment on one-dimensional flexible curved surfaces. On the one hand, thanks to the pore confinement of the nanoreactor channels of mesoporous silica, the long-range free diffusion of ions triggered by moisture is strictly limited, endowing the perovskite material with reversible phase transition capabilities. On the other hand, by guiding the polymer (SEBS) with a selective solvent (cyclohexane) to generate a microphase separation physical cross-linking network, not only is uniform dispersion of nanopowder in the polymer solution achieved, but a uniform coating layer is also formed on the fiber surface. This internal and external synergistic confinement mechanism endows the device with excellent and extremely stable reversible response capability to environmental humidity and fatigue life. Data from the examples show that the semiconductor fiber core has excellent photoelectric detection performance, and the coating layer can generate a reversible humidity-responsive phase transition between the non-luminescent state of CsPb2Br5 and the luminescent state of CsPbBr3 during humidification and drying processes.

[0018] 3) The dual-modal sensing fiber prepared by this invention possesses excellent flexibility and weavability. By continuously extending conductive electrodes from the internal structure of the fiber to its outer surface, this invention successfully constructs an open interface that participates in electrical interactions, realizing the transformation of the fiber from an electrically closed structure to an interactive conductive interface unit. Based on this, when multiple fibers are arranged in a cross-structure according to the fabric topology, device units with independent electrical responses can be directly formed at the cross-nodes through electrical contact or electric field coupling between the open interfaces, without the need for complex subsequent metal wiring. By constructing a non-contact suspended fabric array, the physical blockage of plant stomata and microclimate distortion problems of traditional two-dimensional dense thin-film sensors are avoided. Furthermore, this invention uses conventional hot stretching and impregnation coating processes, which are cost-effective, mature, and suitable for continuous industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the preparation process of the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber of the present invention, the cross-sectional structure of the macroscopic preform, and its application in plant microclimate monitoring; wherein, 1 is an insulating polymer; 2 is a semiconductor fiber core; 3 is a conductive electrode; 4 is a polycrystalline region; 5 is an amorphous region; 6 is a physical cross-linking network; 7 is a humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material (CsPbBr3@MSNs); Figure 2 The diagram shows (a) a hot-drawn preform assembly and (b) a physical image of Example 1; where 8 is the insulating polymer PSU; 9 is the conductive electrode CPC; 10 is the semiconductor core Se; 11 is the conductive electrode groove; and 12 is the semiconductor core groove. Figure 3 This is a photograph of the semiconductor optoelectronic fiber obtained after the thermal stretching step in Example 1. Figure 4 The image shows a comparison of the photocurrent response of the semiconductor optoelectronic fiber prepared in Example 1 before and after undergoing local spatial confinement crystallization treatment. Figure 5 The image shows the photoelectric switch cycle stability of the semiconductor photoelectric fiber prepared in Example 1 after undergoing local spatial confinement crystallization treatment. Figure 6 The image shows the reversible phase transition XRD pattern of the humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material in Example 1 under humidification and drying cycles. Figure 7 This shows the dispersion of the moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material in polymer solutions dissolved in different solvents in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a comparison of the microstructure of the semiconductor fiber surface after coating under different dip-coating parameters in Example 1; Figure 9 The image shows the long-term stability test results of the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber prepared in Example 1 under dry and wet cycling. Figure 10 A physical image of the breathable flexible smart fabric array woven from the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fibers prepared in Example 1, based on the fabric topology, in a greenhouse. Figure 11 The dynamic changes in humidity and optical response of the device in a greenhouse are shown in the breathable flexible smart fabric woven from dual-confined modulated semiconductor fibers prepared in Example 1. Figure 12 The image shows a large-area two-dimensional photocurrent mapping obtained in a greenhouse of the breathable flexible smart fabric woven from dual-confined modulated semiconductor fibers prepared in Example 1. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a dual-confined controllable semiconductor fiber, comprising a semiconductor fiber and a coating layer covering the surface of the semiconductor fiber; the semiconductor fiber includes a fiber body, a semiconductor core extending along the axial direction of the fiber body, and conductive electrodes located on both sides of the semiconductor core; the semiconductor core exhibits N sets of polycrystalline-amorphous structures along its length direction; the polycrystalline-amorphous structures are such that the semiconductor core exhibits both polycrystalline and amorphous states along its width direction; and N≥1; The side of the conductive electrode away from the semiconductor fiber core is exposed on the surface of the fiber body; The coating layer is made of moisture-sensitive nanocomposite materials and copolymers; The humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material is a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal encapsulated in a mesoporous material; the copolymer is obtained by microphase separation of a block copolymer.

[0023] In this invention, the semiconductor fiber has a square cross-section.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are preferably commercially available products.

[0025] In this invention, the fiber body can be made of an insulating polymer, specifically polysulfone; the semiconductor core can be made of a chalcogenide or a chalcogenide-containing compound, specifically Se, As2S3 or As2Se3; the conductive electrode can be carbon-doped polyethylene or carbon-doped polycarbonate; the carbon-doped polycarbonate can specifically be Zelux® CN-P.

[0026] In this invention, the moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material can be a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal encapsulated in a mesoporous material, wherein the mesoporous material can be mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles; the metal halide perovskite nanocrystal can be CsPbBr3; the CsPbBr3 encapsulated in the mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles is referred to as the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material; in this invention, due to the nanoreactor characteristics of mesoporous silica, its rigid pore structure restricts the long-range free diffusion of ions triggered by moisture, enabling the composite material to undergo a reversible phase transition between water absorption and dehydration, overcoming the pain point of irreversible degradation of traditional perovskite materials upon contact with water.

[0027] In this invention, the preparation method of the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material is not specifically limited, and any operation well known in the art can be used.

[0028] In this invention, the preparation method of CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material may include the following steps: CsBr and PbBr2 were dissolved in an organic solvent to obtain a precursor solution; The precursor solution and MSNs powder were mixed, and the solvent was evaporated by heating to induce the crystallization of perovskite nanocrystals in the mesopores, thus obtaining the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material.

[0029] In this invention, the block copolymer can be a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, which includes rigid polystyrene blocks and flexible polyolefin blocks, specifically a styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymer.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for preparing the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber described above, comprising the following steps: (1) Providing preforms for semiconductor fibers; (2) The semiconductor fiber preform is continuously hot-stretched to obtain semiconductor fiber; (3) Heat treatment is performed on the side of the semiconductor fiber without exposed conductive electrodes to obtain a semiconductor fiber with a polycrystalline-amorphous structure in the width direction; The spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is 0.5~3mm; (4) After immersing the semiconductor fiber obtained in step (3) into the coating liquid, it is pulled into a film to obtain the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber.

[0031] In this invention, the preparation of the semiconductor fiber preform includes the following steps: Provide a first polymer sheet and a second polymer sheet with a groove in the middle position; Electrodes are respectively embedded in the rectangular grooves of the first polymer plate and the second polymer plate, and respectively subjected to the first hot pressing to obtain the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates. The third polymer plate with a groove in the middle is placed between the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates. The resulting composite structure is then subjected to a second hot pressing, and semiconductor fiber core material is filled into the central cavity channel formed by the first, second, and third polymer plates to obtain the preform of the semiconductor fiber.

[0032] In this invention, the specifications of the first polymer sheet and the second polymer sheet are preferably the same. In the embodiments, a size of 180 mm × 24 mm × 6 mm (length × width × height) is used as an example, and the specifications of the rectangular groove are used as an example of 100 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm. In this invention, the first hot pressing can be performed at 200 °C and 700 kg pressure; the first hot pressing time can be 10 min.

[0033] In this invention, the specifications of the third polymer sheet are illustrated in the embodiment as 180 mm × 24 mm × 3 mm, and the rectangular groove in the middle is illustrated as 100 mm × 8 mm × 3 mm. In this invention, the second hot pressing can be performed at 200 °C and 700 kg pressure; the second hot pressing time can be 10 minutes. In this invention, during the second hot pressing, a support is first filled into the rectangular groove of the third polymer sheet. After the second hot pressing is completed, the support is removed, and then the semiconductor fiber core material is filled in.

[0034] After obtaining the preform, the present invention performs continuous hot stretching on the preform to obtain semiconductor fiber.

[0035] In this invention, the continuous hot stretching is carried out in a polymer drawing tower (equipped with a three-zone vertical heating furnace). During the continuous hot stretching, the temperature of the three-zone vertical heating furnace is set as follows: the upper temperature zone can be 130~145℃, specifically 140℃; the middle temperature zone can be 330~350℃, specifically 340℃; and the lower temperature zone can be 130~135℃, specifically 140℃. In this invention, during continuous hot stretching, the bar feeding speed can be 0.8~1.2 mm / min, specifically 1 mm / min, the traction speed can be 0.3~0.6 m / min, specifically 0.4 m / min, and the hot stretching ratio can be 1:17~25, specifically 1:20.

[0036] The present invention heat-treats the side of a semiconductor fiber without exposed conductive electrodes to obtain a semiconductor fiber exhibiting a polycrystalline-amorphous structure in the width direction.

[0037] In this invention, the heat treatment can be performed using a hot plate heating method, with the side of the semiconductor fiber without exposed conductive electrodes in direct contact with the heating surface of the hot plate. If the exposed electrode side is placed directly on the hot plate, it may cause the electrode to soften, resulting in microcracks at the interface and a decrease in photocurrent. In addition, since the conductive electrodes are opaque, heat treatment along the direction of the conductive electrodes, i.e., perpendicular crystallization, may affect the reception of light signals by the crystallized portion, thus affecting photoelectric performance.

[0038] In this invention, the heat treatment temperature can be 100~200℃, specifically 100℃, 120℃, 140℃, 160℃, 180℃, or 200℃; the treatment time can be 1~5 min, specifically 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, or 5 min. In this invention, the spatial confinement length of the heat treatment can be 0.5~3 mm, specifically 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, or 3 mm. Preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 150℃, the treatment time is 5 min, and the spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is 1 mm.

[0039] Specifically, when the heating space confinement length is too long (>3 mm) or the temperature is too high (>200 ℃), although the photoresponsivity can be improved, an uncontrollable huge dark current will be generated, resulting in an extremely low photoelectric on / off ratio under strong light. The photoelectric signal is submerged by dark current noise, making it unsuitable for use in the actual high light intensity environment of plant microclimates. When the heating space confinement length is less than 0.5 mm or the temperature is too low (<100 ℃), the fiber core cannot be fully transformed into a high-quality polycrystalline state, and the carrier mobility is limited, resulting in a significant decrease in photoelectric response sensitivity. This invention, through precise spatial confinement crystallization, retains the amorphous region as a potential barrier to block dark current, enabling the photoresponsivity of the device to achieve an order-of-magnitude leap.

[0040] In this invention, the above-mentioned heat treatment operation can locally transform the amorphous semiconductor core into a polycrystalline state under spatial confinement conditions, while retaining the adjacent amorphous portion as a high-resistivity region, thus forming a core structure of crystalline and amorphous states. That is, the region near the heat source is transformed into a crystalline state, while the region far from the heat source retains an amorphous state.

[0041] The present invention involves immersing the semiconductor fiber obtained in step (3) into a coating solution and pulling it into a film to obtain the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber.

[0042] In this invention, the coating solution is obtained by mixing a solution of a moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material and a block copolymer. The solvent in the block copolymer solution is selective, exhibiting good solubility for the flexible blocks in the block copolymer while being insoluble in the rigid blocks, thereby driving microphase separation of the insoluble rigid blocks during solvent evaporation. If a solvent (such as toluene) is chosen that simultaneously dissolves two blocks of the block copolymer (such as SEBS), the polymer chains will fully extend and lose their three-dimensional support, resulting in severe agglomeration and sedimentation of the inorganic nanopowder during dip coating. In this invention, the solvent in the block copolymer solution can be a nonpolar aliphatic hydrocarbon or alicyclic hydrocarbon solvent, specifically cyclohexane.

[0043] Specifically, when the block copolymer is SEBS, cyclohexane selectively dissolves only the ethylene-butene segment of SEBS, driving the undissolved polystyrene segment to undergo microphase separation and form a physical cross-linking network. This exerts an anchoring and confinement effect on the moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material on a physical scale, and works synergistically with the nano-confinement effect inside the mesoporous material to prevent particle agglomeration, thereby providing the fiber with excellent coating uniformity and resistance to mechanical fatigue cycles.

[0044] In this invention, the above-mentioned coating solution can be used to form a continuous coating layer with a synergistic confinement effect of mesoporous-microphase separation on the surface of semiconductor fibers, ultimately obtaining a dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber. In this invention, the coating conditions of the dip coating method are limited to a stable Landau-Levich window to balance the viscous resistance of the entrained fluid with the capillary and gravitational drainage forces, forming a defect-free uniform coating layer; specifically, the concentration of the block copolymer in the coating solution is 1 wt%; the pulling speed can be 10~15 cm / min, specifically 10 cm / min, 11 cm / min, 12 cm / min, 13 cm / min, 14 cm / min or 15 cm / min.

[0045] The dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber provided by this invention was analyzed using amorphous selenium powder (Se), carbon-doped polycarbonate (CPC), polysulfone (PSU), cesium bromide (CsBr), lead bromide (PbBr2), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS, G1657), and cyclohexane as raw materials.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, amorphous selenium powder (a narrow bandgap semiconductor material with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and photosensitivity) is used as the semiconductor core 2; carbon-doped polycarbonate is selected as the conductive electrode 3, which contacts the semiconductor core 2 with the conductive electrode 3 and provides a stable carrier collection channel; polysulfone is used as the insulating polymer 1 for encapsulation, which can achieve rheological matching with the carbon-doped polycarbonate within a specific processing window. The macroscopic preform is heated and stretched in a low-temperature drawing tower to obtain the semiconductor optoelectronic fiber. Then, the core is subjected to local crystallization treatment through a spatial confinement heating platform to form a heterojunction core structure containing polycrystalline regions 4 and amorphous regions 5; finally, the humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material 7 encapsulated with metal halide perovskite is dispersed in a selective solvent containing a block copolymer physical crosslinking network 6 (such as SEBS), and a uniform humidity-sensitive coating layer is formed on the fiber surface through microphase separation, finally obtaining a dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber with photo-humidity dual-modal response.

[0047] The present invention also provides the application of the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber described in the above technical solution or the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber prepared by the above preparation method in plant microclimate monitoring.

[0048] This invention also provides a method for monitoring plant microclimate using dual-domain regulated semiconductor fibers. A smart fabric array is suspended and deployed above the plant canopy to monitor in real time the spatiotemporal heterogeneous changes in light intensity and humidity caused by transpiration. The smart fabric array is obtained by interlacing multiple dual-domain regulated semiconductor fibers according to the fabric topology.

[0049] In this invention, multiple dual-confined control semiconductor fibers are interlaced according to a fabric topology to construct a breathable flexible smart fabric array with independent sensing nodes. The conductive electrodes of the dual-confined control semiconductor fibers are continuously led out from the internal structure of the fibers and form open interfaces on the outer surface that participate in electrical interactions, thus transforming the fibers from an electrically closed structure into interactive conductive interface units. At the intersection nodes of the fabric topology, device units with independent electrical responses are directly formed through electrical contact or electric field coupling between the open interfaces, thereby constructing a two-dimensional independent sensing pixel array with row and column addressing capabilities. This smart fabric array is suspended and deployed above the plant canopy for non-contact, distributed, real-time mapping of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of light intensity and humidity caused by transpiration in the plant's real microclimate. In this invention, the dual-confined control semiconductor fibers can be woven into breathable flexible smart fabric arrays such as 3×3, 4×4, and 5×5 using a cross-weaving method. Taking a 3×3 flexible smart fabric array as an example, each of the nine nodes represents a separate sensor.

[0050] In this invention, the polycrystalline-amorphous structure may contain only one set or multiple sets. When used in smart fabric arrays, it is preferable to contain multiple sets of polycrystalline-amorphous structures, and the cross nodes are formed by the contact of polycrystalline-amorphous structures on each fiber.

[0051] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but these should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] The materials involved in the examples are: amorphous selenium powder (Se), carbon-doped polycarbonate (CPC), polysulfone (PSU), cesium bromide (CsBr), lead bromide (PbBr2), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS, G1657), and cyclohexane.

[0053] Example 1 The method for preparing dual-confined regulated semiconductor fibers provided in this embodiment is as follows: Step 1: Preparation of hot-stretched preforms and hot stretching of fibers: 1) Processing and pretreatment of materials: The polysulfone (PSU) sheet and carbon-doped polycarbonate (CPC, Zelux® CN-P) film are vacuum dried to remove moisture. For example... Figure 2As shown in (a), two PSU plates with dimensions of 180 mm × 24 mm × 6 mm are selected, and a rectangular groove of 100 mm × 6 mm × 6 mm (denoted as the conductive electrode groove) is precision machined at the center of each plate for subsequent embedding of CPC electrodes. A through groove of 100 mm × 8 mm × 3 mm (denoted as the semiconductor core groove) is machined on a PSU plate with dimensions of 180 mm × 24 mm × 3 mm for subsequent filling with Se powder. The dimensions of the plates and the grooves are both length × width × thickness.

[0054] 2) Hot-pressing integration of composite panels: Long strips of CPC film with dimensions of 180 mm × 10 mm are stacked and hot-pressed at 205°C and 700 kg pressure for 10 min. After water cooling, a block-shaped CPC electrode with the same size and shape as the rectangular groove is obtained. Subsequently, the CPC electrode is embedded into the PSU board with the rectangular groove and hot-pressed at 200°C and 700 kg pressure for 10 min to obtain two PSU / CPC composite panels with fused interfaces.

[0055] 3) Assembly of the preform: The PSU sheet used for filling with Se powder is sandwiched between the two PSU / CPC composite sheets mentioned above. To prevent the central channel from collapsing due to hot pressing, a PTFE sheet of matching size is tightly filled into the through-groove as a temporary support. The composite structure is hot-pressed at 220 °C and 1000 kg pressure for about 20 minutes to completely fuse the interfaces of the three layers. After cooling, the PTFE sheet is removed, and amorphous selenium powder is filled into the formed central cavity channel to obtain a dense, macroscopic multi-material hot-stretched preform (such as...). Figure 2 (b) in the example has a rectangular cross-section.

[0056] 4) Continuous Hot Stretching: The hot-stretched preform is fixed in a customized polymer drawing tower. The temperature profile of the three-zone vertical heating furnace is set as follows: upper zone 140 ℃, middle zone 340 ℃, and lower zone 140 ℃. By setting the bar feeding speed to 1 mm / min and the traction speed to 0.4 m / min, the hot stretching ratio is 1:20, continuously drawing a semiconductor fiber (denoted as amorphous semiconductor fiber) with a complete internal structure, a tight bond between the semiconductor core layer and the conductive electrode interface, and an amorphous core. A sample image is shown below. Figure 3 As shown.

[0057] Step 2: Spatial confinement local crystallization treatment of the fiber core The semiconductor fiber obtained in step 1 is horizontally mounted on the hot stage so that the surface without CPC electrode shielding is in direct contact with the heating surface. By aligning the center of the heating zone, the heat treatment space is precisely confined within a target segment with a length of about 1 mm. The local crystallization temperature is set to 150 ℃ and the processing time is 5 min. The area near the heat source is transformed into a crystalline state, while the area away from the heat source remains amorphous. A crystalline-amorphous structure is formed inside a single fiber, that is, a semiconductor fiber exhibiting a polycrystalline-amorphous structure in the width direction (denoted as polycrystalline-amorphous semiconductor fiber).

[0058] Step 3: Synthesis and coaxial dip coating of moisture-sensitive materials A precursor solution was prepared by dissolving 0.213 g of CsBr and 0.367 g of PbBr2 in 10 mL of DMSO; 100 μL of the precursor solution was added to 50 mg of MSNs powder; the mixture was heated in a vacuum oven at 150 °C for 30 min to evaporate the solvent and induce the crystallization of perovskite nanocrystals in the mesopores to obtain the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material.

[0059] Take 50 mg of the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material prepared above and uniformly disperse it in 4 mL of SEBS / cyclohexane solution with a mass fraction of 1 wt% to prepare a coating solution.

[0060] The fiber after local crystallization treatment in step 2 is immersed in the above coating solution. By controlling the lifting speed to 10 cm / min, it is placed within a stable Landau-Levich wetting window. As the selective solvent cyclohexane evaporates, SEBS undergoes microphase separation and forms a uniform coating layer on the fiber surface. After drying at room temperature, the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber is obtained.

[0061] The dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber prepared in this embodiment was subjected to comprehensive performance testing and application characterization.

[0062] A stable ambient light source was provided for excitation using a solar simulator (SS-X50); an electric field was applied and weak electrical signals were accurately acquired using a high-impedance electrometer (Keithley-6517B); phase transition and optical properties were monitored using an X-ray diffractometer (D8 Advance) and a commercial photometer; and the coating was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SU8600).

[0063] At room temperature, a stable 10 V bias voltage was continuously applied to amorphous semiconductor fibers and polycrystalline-amorphous semiconductor fibers using a high-impedance electrometer. Simultaneously, a solar simulator was used as the excitation source, and through precise adjustment, its output optical power density was achieved at 20.46 mW / cm². 2 Up to 133.46 mW / cm2 The photocurrent varies gradually within a certain range. Under this dynamic illumination condition, the photocurrent signal generated by the semiconductor optoelectronic fiber is acquired and recorded in real time, and the corresponding photoresponsivity is calculated based on the measured photocurrent and incident light power. Test results ( Figure 4 This indicates that, thanks to the core-local spatial confinement crystallization process proposed in this invention, the photoelectric fiber's response performance has achieved a significant leap. Specifically, the photoresponsivity of the amorphous semiconductor fiber is only 1.3 × 10⁻⁶. -7 A / W; and after confined crystallization treatment, the photoresponsivity of polycrystalline-amorphous semiconductor fibers was significantly improved to 2.2 × 10⁻⁶. -5 A / W, the photoresponsivity is improved by two orders of magnitude compared to before crystallization.

[0064] At room temperature, a constant bias voltage of 10 V was continuously applied to the polycrystalline-amorphous semiconductor fiber using a high-impedance electrometer. A solar simulator was used as the excitation source, and the light source was periodically turned on and off at set time intervals by program control. Under these conditions, the fiber device underwent approximately 10,000 long-cycle photoelectric switching tests, and its photocurrent was recorded in real time. Test results ( Figure 5 The results show that throughout the entire cyclic testing process lasting tens of thousands of seconds, the photocurrent output by the device remained highly stable, with no significant baseline drift or signal degradation observed in either the peak or baseline. Further observation of the magnified area in the figure reveals that even after 56,000 seconds of continuous high-frequency operation, the photocurrent curve generated by the fiber optic device maintained a regular square wave shape; the rise and fall of the photocurrent remained extremely rapid. Simultaneously, the device's brightness-to-dark photoelectric switching ratio remained consistently around 50 throughout the entire testing cycle.

[0065] Depend on Figures 4-5 It can be seen that, thanks to the locally confined crystal structure, the amorphous region effectively blocks dark current, the photocurrent responsivity is improved by orders of magnitude, and it maintains extremely high stability during long-term switching cycles.

[0066] Figure 6 The XRD reversible phase transition pattern of the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material prepared in Example 1 under humidification (humidification until no powder luminescence is visible under UV light) and drying cycles is shown below. Figure 6 As shown, under the confinement effect of the nanopores of MSNs, the coating can achieve a strictly reversible XRD phase transition under humidified and dry conditions.

[0067] like Figure 7As shown, severe sedimentation and aggregation occurred when CsPbBr3@MSNs composite materials were dispersed in SEBS / toluene solution, while uniform dispersion was observed in SEBS / cyclohexane solution. To verify the key confinement effect of selective solvents in the preparation of coaxial coating solutions, two test groups were set up: an example group and a comparative group. Example group: 50 mg of the prepared CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material was added to 4 mL of 1 wt% SEBS / cyclohexane solution; Comparative group: an equal amount of 50 mg of the same batch of CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material was added to 4 mL of 1 wt% SEBS / toluene solution. After uniform stirring and ultrasonic dispersion under the same conditions, the two mixtures were allowed to stand and observed under a UV light source to determine their macroscopic dispersion stability. The results are shown below. Figure 7 In the comparative group, the CsPbBr3@MSNs nanocomposite material exhibited severe aggregation and macroscopic sedimentation, with a large number of luminescent particles deposited at the bottom of the sample vial, and the supernatant showing almost no fluorescence response. In the example group, the CsPbBr3@MSNs composite material achieved extremely uniform and stable suspension dispersion in the polymer solution, with the entire solution system exhibiting bright and uniform green fluorescence, and no visible sedimentation or phase separation after standing.

[0068] The aforementioned locally crystalline semiconductor fibers from the same batch with essentially identical geometric dimensions were selected as substrates for dip-coating experiments. The experiment employed orthogonal variable control: the horizontal variable was the polymer mass fraction of the coating solution, set to 0.1 wt%, 1 wt%, and 5 wt%, respectively, to characterize the gradient change in solution viscosity; the vertical variable was the dip-coating pull-out speed, set to 5 cm / min, 10 cm / min, and 30 cm / min, respectively. After coating and complete drying at room temperature, the microstructure of each fiber surface was observed at high resolution using scanning electron microscopy. The results are as follows: Figure 8 The coating quality on the fiber surface is highly dependent on a combination of factors, including solution viscosity and pull-up speed. When the solution concentration is too low or too high, the system will fall into either the dewetting zone dominated by capillary instability or the instability zone dominated by gravity drainage, respectively. Therefore, only when the coating parameters are precisely within the Landau-Levich wetting window can the viscous resistance, capillary contraction force, and gravity drainage force of the fluid be balanced, resulting in a uniform, dense, and defect-free coating layer.

[0069] Figure 9This figure shows the long-term stability test results of the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber prepared in Example 1 under wet-dry cycling. In the established test environment, the microclimate of the semiconductor fiber was subjected to periodic humidification and drying cycles using an environmental humidification and dehumidification system. After each humidification and drying cycle reached equilibrium, the moisture-sensitive coating layer on the fiber surface was excited and irradiated with an ultraviolet lamp, while simultaneously using a commercial photometer equipped with an ultraviolet filter to accurately acquire the fluorescence illuminance signal emitted by the device. This wet-dry and fluorescence monitoring process was continuously performed for 600 complete cycles. The test results show that after 600 consecutive intense "humidification-drying" cycles, the fluorescence illuminance signal of the composite sensing fiber still maintained stable periodic oscillations. Further observation of the magnified inset in the figure reveals that the signal contrast of the device remained stable between the luminescent and quenched states, and the response / recovery rate and high / low level baselines showed virtually no substantial drift or fatigue decay.

[0070] Figures 8-9 Further confirmation demonstrates that under reasonable coating parameters, a dense microstructure without particle agglomeration can be formed, and during continuous wet-dry cycles, the signal contrast, response / recovery rate, and high / low level baselines between luminescence and quenching show virtually no substantial drift or fatigue attenuation. Regarding the construction of the breathable flexible smart fabric array described in this invention, unlike traditional insulating encapsulated fibers, this invention utilizes a unique prefabricated structure design to achieve continuous outlining of conductive electrodes from within the fiber's internal configuration, forming an open interface on the outer surface that participates in electrical interactions. This transforms the fiber from a traditional electrically closed structure into an interactive conductive interface unit. When multiple such fibers are arranged in a warp-weft cross configuration according to the fabric topology, at each physically overlapping intersection, direct electrical contact or electric field coupling between the open interfaces allows for the direct formation of independent electrical response sensor units at the nodes without the need for complex external interconnection circuits. This structure enables the fabric to accurately extract light and humidity data at each spatiotemporal coordinate in complex greenhouse environments through row-column addressing, thereby achieving high-resolution two-dimensional dynamic mapping.

[0071] Figure 10 A real-world image of a breathable, flexible smart fabric made of a dual-domain controlled semiconductor fiber woven array in a greenhouse.

[0072] Figure 11This invention aims to monitor the dynamic changes in humidity and optical response of a breathable, flexible smart fabric woven from dual-confined semiconductor fibers in a greenhouse. A 3×3 sensing array was created by cross-weaving the dual-confined semiconductor fibers based on the fabric's topology and suspended above the canopy of a real greenhouse for continuous in-situ monitoring for several hours. During the monitoring period, a high-precision commercial hygrometer was used to collect real-time changes in relative humidity within the greenhouse environment, while a signal acquisition system equipped with a commercial photometer was used to record the fluorescence illuminance signal emitted by the moisture-sensitive coating layer on the fabric surface. In the actual greenhouse microclimate, due to the spontaneous regulation of physiological rhythms such as natural airflow exchange and plant canopy transpiration, the actual humidity did not undergo drastic changes but exhibited weak, continuous, and irregular dynamic fluctuations within a relatively low baseline level (approximately 30-45 RH%). Despite these extremely subtle and slowly changing humidity disturbances in a real agricultural environment, the test results show that the moisture-sensitive coating layer on the smart fabric of this invention still exhibits a relatively sensitive real-time tracking capability. Its output fluorescence illuminance values ​​are in the range of 43 to 48 lux, and accurately show a negative correlation dynamic change that is consistent with the fluctuation of ambient humidity.

[0073] Figure 12 This study presents a large-area two-dimensional photocurrent mapping map obtained in a greenhouse from a breathable and flexible smart fabric woven from dual-confined modulated semiconductor fibers. A 3×3 sensor array was created by cross-weaving the dual-confined modulated semiconductor fibers based on the fabric's topology and then deployed over a large area above the plant canopy in a real greenhouse. Under complex and variable natural light conditions, a constant bias voltage was continuously applied to the fabric array using a high-impedance electrometer, and the photocurrent signals output from the nine sensor intersection points were independently and synchronously acquired. A two-dimensional spatial photocurrent distribution matrix was then constructed using a data processing system. Even in the complex real greenhouse environment, this smart fabric array exhibited excellent spatial resolution sensitivity. Through the differentiated photocurrent signals independently output by the nine sensor nodes, the array successfully and intuitively mapped the highly spatiotemporally heterogeneous non-uniform light distribution above the greenhouse plant canopy. More importantly, the array possesses extremely high resolution, capable of resolving light intensity values ​​less than 10 mW / cm² within the greenhouse space with remarkable accuracy. 2 The subtle changes in the light gradient.

[0074] In summary, this invention successfully realizes the dynamic optical response of humidity under real plant microclimate and large-area two-dimensional photocurrent mapping, demonstrating its great application potential in precision agriculture.

[0075] Example 2 The only difference between the preparation method and Example 1 is that the hot stretching process parameters in step 1 are: the temperature curve of the three-zone vertical heating furnace is set to 140 ℃ in the upper zone, 330 ℃ in the middle zone, and 140 ℃ in the lower zone for continuous stretching preparation.

[0076] Comparative Example 1 The only difference from Example 1 is that the spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is controlled to 20 mm.

[0077] Comparative Example 2 The only difference from Example 1 is that the polymer matrix concentration of the coating solution is different. Specifically, 50 mg of CsPbBr3@MSNs powder is uniformly dispersed in 4 mL of 5 wt% SEBS / cyclohexane solution for dip coating.

[0078] Comparative Example 3 The only difference from Example 1 is that the spatial confinement local crystallization treatment of the fiber core in step 2 is omitted, that is, the semiconductor fiber core obtained is completely retained as the amorphous structure after stretching in step 1, without any heat treatment.

[0079] Table 1. Comparison of properties of dual-confined regulated semiconductor fibers prepared with different parameters

[0080] Based on the test data shown in Table 1, the fabrication process and performance impact of the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber described in this invention are compared and analyzed as follows: A comparison of the data from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 reveals that when the spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is significantly increased from 1 mm to 20 mm, although the absolute photocurrent of the fiber increases due to the increased polycrystalline region, the dark current also surges from the pA level to the nA level, causing the photoelectric switching ratio to drop significantly from 50 to 30. This strongly demonstrates that heat treatment of the extremely small segment is crucial for preserving the amorphous region as a high-resistivity barrier and effectively suppressing dark current background noise, and is the core of ensuring that the fiber possesses high signal-to-noise ratio detection capability under the high light intensity background of plant microclimates.

[0081] The comparison results between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 show that the photoelectric on / off ratio of the amorphous fiber core without local heat treatment is only about 8. This comparison proves that constructing a "polycrystalline-amorphous" structure inside the fiber core is a prerequisite for improving photosensitivity. The polycrystalline structure induced by local crystallization significantly improves the carrier mobility, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric performance of the device.

[0082] As shown in Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the concentration of the coating solution has a significant impact on the film morphology. When the SEBS concentration is too high (e.g., 5 wt%), the system deviates from the stable Landau-Levich wetting window due to excessive viscosity, leading to severe particle aggregation and cladding collapse on the fiber surface, causing its humidity cycle life to plummet from 600 cycles to 200 cycles. In contrast, the appropriate concentration used in this invention, combined with selective solvent-guided microphase separation, successfully constructs a dense physical cross-linked network, ensuring agile humidity response while endowing the device with excellent anti-detachment capability and reversible environmental stability.

[0083] A comparison of Examples 1 and 2 shows that within the hot stretching temperature range of 330–340 °C, the dark current of the obtained fibers can be stably maintained at the pA level, exhibiting excellent photosensitivity and cycling characteristics. This fully demonstrates that the core material, electrode, and cladding material selected in this invention possess excellent rheological matching and chemical compatibility within a specific hot processing window, proving that the process has good processing tolerance and performance reproducibility, and can meet the requirements of industrial continuous hot stretching preparation.

[0084] In summary, only within the process parameters of "internal core space confined crystallization" and "external cladding microphase separation synergistic confinement" defined by this invention can a dual-mode sensing fiber with extremely low dark current, high signal-to-noise ratio, and ultra-long service life be obtained, thereby enabling precise monitoring of dynamic changes in light intensity and humidity caused by transpiration in plant microclimates.

[0085] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber, characterized in that, It includes semiconductor fibers and a coating layer covering the surface of the semiconductor fibers; the semiconductor fiber includes a fiber body, a semiconductor core extending along the axial direction of the fiber body, and conductive electrodes located on both sides of the semiconductor core; The semiconductor core exhibits N sets of polycrystalline-amorphous structures along its length; the polycrystalline-amorphous structures are those where the semiconductor core exhibits both polycrystalline and amorphous states along its width; and N ≥ 1. The side of the conductive electrode away from the semiconductor fiber core is exposed on the surface of the fiber body; The coating layer is made of moisture-sensitive nanocomposite materials and copolymers; The humidity-sensitive nanocomposite material is a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal encapsulated in a mesoporous material; the copolymer is obtained by microphase separation of a block copolymer.

2. The dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The semiconductor fiber has a square cross-section; the fiber body is made of an insulating polymer; the semiconductor core is made of a chalcogenide or a chalcogenide-containing compound; and the conductive electrode is made of carbon-doped polyethylene or carbon-doped polycarbonate.

3. The dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mesoporous material is mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles; the metal halide perovskite nanocrystals are CsPbBr3; the block copolymer is a styrene-based thermoplastic elastomer, which includes rigid polystyrene blocks and flexible polyolefin blocks.

4. The method for preparing the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Providing preforms for semiconductor fibers; (2) The semiconductor fiber preform is continuously hot-stretched to obtain semiconductor fiber; (3) Heat treatment is performed on the side of the semiconductor fiber without exposed conductive electrodes to obtain a semiconductor fiber with a polycrystalline-amorphous structure in the width direction; The spatial confinement length of the heat treatment is 0.5~3mm; (4) After immersing the semiconductor fiber obtained in step (3) into the coating liquid, it is pulled up to form a film to obtain the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber; The coating solution is obtained by mixing a solution of a moisture-sensitive nanocomposite material and a block copolymer; the solvent in the block copolymer solution is soluble in the flexible blocks of the block copolymer but insoluble in the rigid blocks.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The solvent in the block copolymer solution is cyclohexane; the heat treatment temperature is 100~200 ℃, and the treatment time is 1~5 min.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The continuous hot stretching is performed using a polymer drawing tower equipped with a three-zone vertical heating furnace. During continuous hot stretching, the temperatures of the three-zone vertical heating furnace are set as follows: upper zone 130~145℃, middle zone 330~350℃, and lower zone 130~145℃. During continuous hot stretching, the bar feeding speed is 0.8~1.2 mm / min, the traction speed is 0.3~0.6 m / min, and the hot stretching ratio is 1:17~25. The concentration of the block copolymer in the coating solution is 0.8~1.2 wt%. The lifting speed is 10~15 cm / min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preparation of the semiconductor fiber preform includes the following steps: Provide a first polymer sheet and a second polymer sheet with a groove in the middle position; Electrodes are respectively embedded in the rectangular grooves of the first polymer plate and the second polymer plate, and the first hot pressing is performed to obtain the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates respectively. The third polymer plate with a groove in the middle is placed between the first and second polymer / electrode composite plates. The resulting composite structure is then subjected to a second hot pressing, and semiconductor fiber core material is filled into the central cavity channel formed by the first, second, and third polymer plates to obtain the preform of the semiconductor fiber.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first and second hot pressing are performed independently at 200°C and 700 kg pressure; the first and second hot pressing times are 10 min each; during the second hot pressing, a support is first filled into the rectangular groove of the third polymer plate, and after the second hot pressing is completed, the support is removed and then the semiconductor fiber core material is filled.

9. The application of the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the dual-confined regulation semiconductor fiber prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 in plant microclimate monitoring.

10. The application as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The application includes the following steps: The smart fabric array is suspended and deployed above the plant canopy to monitor in real time the spatiotemporal heterogeneous changes in light intensity and humidity caused by plant transpiration. The smart fabric array is obtained by intersecting multiple dual-confinement modulated semiconductor fibers according to the fabric topology. The dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber is the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the dual-confined regulated semiconductor fiber prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 8.

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