A roof surrounding rock optical fiber microseismic sensor mounting assembly and a mounting method

Abstract

This invention discloses an installation assembly for a fiber optic microseismic sensor for roof surrounding rock, relating to the field of microseismic monitoring technology in coal mines. Addressing the problems of poor coupling effect, easy loosening and detachment, signal attenuation, and low monitoring accuracy of existing fiber optic microseismic sensors, this invention includes a fiber optic microseismic sensor, a locking mechanism, and a grout injector. The sensor is initially fixed to the borehole top wall of the roof surrounding rock with an anchoring agent. The locking mechanism clamps the lower part of the sensor through a fixed sleeve with protrusions. The grout injector is located below the locking mechanism; its internal flow channel can inject cement grout into the upper borehole space, filling all gaps between the sensor, the fixed sleeve, and the borehole wall, achieving tight and effective coupling between the sensor and the surrounding rock. This invention can significantly improve the microseismic signal transmission efficiency and monitoring accuracy, prevent the sensor from loosening and detaching due to surrounding rock deformation and mining activities, meet the needs of long-term stable monitoring underground, and ensure the safety of coal mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microseismic monitoring construction technology for the roof and surrounding rock of a mining area, specifically to an installation device, installation assembly, and installation method for an optical fiber microseismic sensor for the roof and surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] In underground mining operations such as coal mining, the stability of the roof and surrounding rock directly affects underground production safety. Disasters such as rock bursts and roof collapses are often accompanied by microseismic signals generated by the stress and deformation of the coal and rock mass. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the microseismic signals of the roof and surrounding rock is a key means of predicting potential disasters and ensuring mining safety. Fiber optic microseismic sensors, with their advantages of resistance to electromagnetic interference, long signal transmission distance, high sensitivity, and intrinsic safety, have been widely used in the field of underground roof and surrounding rock microseismic monitoring. The stability and reliability of their installation directly determine the accuracy of microseismic signal acquisition and the operational effectiveness of the monitoring system. Therefore, developing fiber optic microseismic sensor installation devices and methods adapted to the complex underground environment has significant engineering practical significance and necessity. Currently, the installation of fiber optic microseismic sensors for underground roof and surrounding rock mostly adopts traditional manual installation methods, lacking dedicated installation devices and standardized installation procedures.

[0003] The coupling effect between the sensor and the surrounding rock is poor, and the signal transmission is unstable. The accurate acquisition of microseismic signals depends on the tight fit and effective coupling between the sensor and the surrounding rock. Existing installation methods mostly use only a single anchoring agent for fixation. The bond between the anchoring agent and the borehole wall and the sensor is not strong enough, and gaps are prone to appear. This causes the microseismic signal to attenuate during transmission, reducing the monitoring sensitivity. At the same time, after the anchoring agent solidifies, it is easily loosened and detached due to the deformation of the surrounding rock downhole and mining activities. This causes the sensor to detach from the surrounding rock, making it impossible to capture effective microseismic signals and failing to meet the needs of long-term monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention discloses an installation assembly for a fiber optic microseismic sensor for roof surrounding rock, used for installation inside a borehole in the roof surrounding rock, comprising:

[0005] The system includes a fiber optic microseismic sensor, which comprises a microseismic sensor and an optical fiber. The fiber optic microseismic sensor is installed inside a borehole in the surrounding rock of the roof and is fixed to the borehole by an anchoring agent. The upper end of the fiber optic microseismic sensor is in direct contact with the top wall of the borehole, and the anchoring agent is used to fix the fiber optic microseismic sensor to the borehole. The fiber optic microseismic sensor comprises a microseismic sensor and an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is connected to the microseismic sensor.

[0006] A locking mechanism includes a fixing sleeve; the fixing sleeve is a shell structure with openings at both the upper and lower ends, the lower part of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor passes through the upper opening of the fixing sleeve and is located inside the shell, and the side wall of the fixing sleeve is provided with a protrusion for clamping the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor.

[0007] The grout injector is located inside the borehole in the roof surrounding rock and below the fixed casing. The grout injector has a flow channel for injecting cement grout. The inlet of the flow channel is located at the lower end of the grout injector, and the outlet is located at the upper end of the grout injector, so that the cement grout can be injected into the borehole space of the roof surrounding rock above the grout injector through the flow channel inside the grout injector. The fiber optic micro-vibration sensor is fixed inside the borehole in the roof surrounding rock.

[0008] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, a supporting mechanism is also included;

[0009] The bearing mechanism is disposed between the grout introducer and the side wall of the borehole in the roof surrounding rock, and fills the space between the outer side wall of the grout introducer and the side wall of the borehole; the inner side wall of the bearing mechanism abuts against the outer side wall of the grout introducer, and the outer side wall abuts against the side wall of the borehole in the roof surrounding rock, which is used to lock the grout introducer in the borehole and prevent cement grout from flowing out of the gap between the grout introducer and the side wall of the borehole.

[0010] The fiber optic microseismic sensor also includes a signal bolt, which is located at the upper end of the microseismic sensor and contacts the borehole top wall of the surrounding rock.

[0011] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the bearing mechanism includes a pressurized airbag. The pressurized airbag is a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the grout pump. The bottom of the pressurized airbag is provided with an air inlet. Air is supplied into the pressurized airbag through the air inlet to fill the pressurized airbag and make it expand, thereby locking the grout pump in the borehole.

[0012] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the bearing mechanism further includes an air pipe, an air pipe valve, and a pressure control valve;

[0013] The air tube is connected to the airbag and is used to supply air into the airbag. The air tube valve is located on the air tube; the pressure control valve is located on the airbag.

[0014] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the locking mechanism further includes a connecting end and a wire tube. The connecting end is located at the lower opening of the fixed sleeve and is connected to the side wall of the fixed sleeve. The upper part of the wire tube passes through the connecting end and communicates with the internal space of the fixed sleeve.

[0015] The grout guide is provided with a vertically arranged through hole. The grout guide is sleeved on the guide tube through its vertical through hole. The grout guide is in close contact with the outer wall of the guide tube to prevent cement grout from flowing out through the gap between the two, so that the lower end of the guide tube is located on the lower side of the grout guide.

[0016] In this case, the optical fiber of the fiber optic microseismic sensor passes through a conduit and is connected to the microseismic sensor.

[0017] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the protrusions on the inner sidewall of the fixed sleeve are arranged in at least three sets evenly along the circumference of the fixed sleeve, and the protrusions include a fixed arc plate, a fixed shaft, and a spring.

[0018] The inner wall of the fixed sleeve is provided with a guide hole for the fixed shaft to pass through. The fixed shaft is arranged radially along the fixed sleeve. The fixed shaft passes through the guide hole on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve so that its first end is located inside the fixed sleeve. The fixed arc plate is disposed at the first end of the fixed shaft. The spring is sleeved on the fixed shaft and one end of the spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve. The other end of the spring is fixedly connected to the fixed arc plate. The spring applies a squeezing force toward the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor to the fixed arc plate, thereby clamping the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor.

[0019] The link end includes a link body and a link beam. The link body is a columnar structure with a through hole in the middle. The inner wall of the through hole of the link body is provided with internal threads, and the upper outer wall of the wire tube is provided with external threads. The upper part of the wire tube is screwed into the through hole of the link body. One end of the link beam is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the link body, and the other end of the link beam is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing sleeve.

[0020] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the lower end of the conduit is provided with a guide roller.

[0021] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, it also includes a grout pipe, which is used to insert into the inlet of the grout pipe flow channel to deliver cement grout into the grout pipe, and the grout pipe is equipped with a grout pipe valve.

[0022] The inlet of the upper channel of the slurry pump is the slurry injection port, which is located on the bottom wall of the slurry pump. The outlet of the channel is the slurry outlet, which is located on the top wall of the slurry pump. An inner stop gate is provided at the slurry injection port. One end of the inner stop gate is connected to the bottom wall of the slurry pump through a first torsion spring, so that the opening direction of the inner stop gate faces the inside of the slurry pump. The opening and closing of the slurry injection port is controlled by the inner stop gate.

[0023] An external slurry stop gate is provided at the slurry outlet position. One end of the external slurry stop gate is connected to the inner top wall of the slurry guide through a second torsion spring, so that the opening direction of the external slurry stop gate faces the outside of the slurry guide. The opening and closing of the slurry outlet is controlled by the external slurry stop gate.

[0024] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, an inner baffle wall is provided on the bottom wall of the grout guide located on the outer periphery of the grouting port. When the inner grout stop gate is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the inner baffle wall and closes the grouting port.

[0025] A vertically arranged outer baffle is provided on the top wall of the grout guide located on the outer periphery of the grout outlet. When the outer grout stop gate is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the outer baffle and closes the grouting port.

[0026] The bottom wall of the slurry pump is also equipped with a pressure control valve.

[0027] This invention also discloses an installation method for the roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor assembly, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1. Place the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor inside the fixed sleeve of the locking mechanism, so that the protrusion inside the fixed sleeve clamps the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor. Place the pressurized airbag around the outer periphery of the slurry pump. Pass the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor through the through hole on the connecting body of the connecting end and the wire tube in sequence, and lead it out from the lower end of the wire tube.

[0029] S2. Screw the upper part of the conduit to the connecting body of the connecting end;

[0030] S3. Connect the air tube to the airbag, install the signal bolt on the upper end of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor, and push the anchoring agent into the top wall of the borehole in the surrounding rock of the roof and stir it thoroughly.

[0031] S4. Push the locking mechanism, grout pump and bearing mechanism into the borehole. After the signal bolt enters the anchoring agent and contacts the top wall of the borehole (2), open the air valve of the bearing mechanism to expand the air bladder and fix the locking mechanism and grout pump in the borehole.

[0032] S5. Inject cement slurry into the injection port of the grouting device, and the cement slurry flows out from the outlet of the grouting device to fill the boreholes in the surrounding rock of the roof.

[0033] S6. After the cement has solidified, remove the air pipe and grout pipe to complete the installation of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor.

[0034] Beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. Easy installation and secure fixation: This invention uses a grout guide and a bearing mechanism to achieve temporary positioning and stable clamping of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor in the vertically upward drilled hole by using a pressurized airbag for fixation. Combined with the dual anchoring effect of anchoring agent and quick-setting cement grout, it effectively solves the technical problems of difficult upward installation, easy slippage and positioning deviation of the sensor in the traditional method, ensuring that the sensor is secure and not easy to loosen throughout the process.

[0036] 2. Protecting the optical fiber and extending its lifespan: This invention, through the design of a wire guide tube and roller protection mechanism, achieves protective containment and guidance of the optical fiber throughout the entire process from its emergence from the sensor to its insertion into the borehole. This avoids direct friction and compression between the optical fiber and the borehole wall, effectively preventing damage to the fiber sheath and breakage of the core wire, significantly reducing the damage rate during installation, and ensuring the continuity and stability of the monitoring system.

[0037] 3. Stable signal transmission and strong coupling: This invention utilizes a grouting device in conjunction with a grouting structure to create a tightly bonded signal transmission layer composed of quick-setting cement grout, anchoring agent, and signal bolts. Through comprehensive filling and anchoring, the coupling gap between the sensor and the surrounding rock is eliminated, significantly reducing attenuation during microseismic signal transmission and improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.

[0038] 4. Collaborative Operation and Significantly Improved Efficiency: This invention integrates multiple functions such as locking, wire protection, grouting, and load-bearing into one unit. Through standardized and streamlined installation steps, it achieves collaborative operation of sensor installation, fiber optic protection, and grouting fixation. This simplifies the construction process, lowers the skill threshold for operators, and significantly improves downhole installation efficiency and construction quality.

[0039] 5. Wide adaptability and low operation and maintenance costs: The device of this invention has a compact structure and reasonable design, perfectly adapting to the complex working conditions of vertical drilling in the underground roof. Its robust structural design can effectively resist the effects of surrounding rock deformation and mining, extending the service life of the sensors, reducing the frequency of later maintenance, and significantly reducing the overall operation and maintenance costs of the project, demonstrating good engineering application value and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the locking mechanism structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the link end structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the external slurry stop gate structure at the top of the slurry feeder in the invention;

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner slurry stop gate at the bottom of the slurry initiator.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and structure of the guide tube, the slurry pump, and the pressurized airbag of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the position and structure of the roller at the bottom of the conduit in this invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 1. Roof rock, 2. Drill hole, 3. Fiber optic microseismic sensor, 4. Anchoring agent, 5. Fixed sleeve, 6. Connecting end, 7. Grouting device, 8. Pressurized airbag, 9. Conductor pipe, 10. Air inlet, 11. Air pipe, 12. Air pipe valve, 13. Grouting port, 14. Grout pipe, 15. Grout pipe valve, 16. Fiber optic cable, 17. Roller, 18. Grouting port, 19. Pressure-controlled grouting valve, 20. Pressure-controlled air valve, 21. Grout outlet, 22. Guide port, 23. Fixed shaft, 24. Fixed arc plate, 25. Signal bolt, 26. Spring, 27. Inner grout stop gate, 28. First torsion spring, 29. Inner baffle wall, 30. Outer grout stop gate, 31. Second torsion spring, 32. Outer baffle wall, 33. Connecting body, 34. Connecting beam. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly for roof surrounding rock is used for installation in a borehole 2 of roof surrounding rock 1. The fiber optic microseismic sensor includes a microseismic sensor and an optical fiber connected to the microseismic sensor. The mounting assembly includes:

[0050] The fiber optic microseismic sensor 3 is located inside the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1, with its upper end in contact with the top wall of the borehole 2. The fiber optic microseismic sensor 3 is bonded and fixed in place by the anchoring agent 4, thus achieving initial positioning. The fiber optic microseismic sensor 3 includes a microseismic sensor and an optical fiber 16, with the optical fiber 16 connected to the microseismic sensor. An anchoring agent 4 is laid on the top wall of the borehole 2 in the surrounding rock 1 of the roof slab.

[0051] The locking mechanism includes a fixing sleeve 5; the fixing sleeve 5 is a shell structure with openings at both the upper and lower ends, used to fix the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3. The lower part of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 passes through the upper opening of the fixing sleeve 5 and is located inside the shell. The side wall of the fixing sleeve 5 is provided with a protrusion for clamping the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3.

[0052] The grout injector 7 is located inside the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1 and below the locking mechanism. The grout injector 7 has a flow channel for injecting cement grout. The inlet of the flow channel is located at the lower end of the grout injector 7 and the outlet is located at the upper end of the grout injector 7, so that the cement grout can be injected into the borehole 2 space of the surrounding rock 1 above the grout injector 7 through the flow channel of the grout injector 7. The fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 is fixed inside the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1. The outer wall of the grouting device 7 can abut against the side wall of the borehole 2 in the surrounding rock of the roof, that is, the grouting device 7 is inserted into the borehole 2. Then, cement grout is injected into the inlet of the flow channel at the lower end of the grouting device 7, so that the cement grout flows out from the outlet of the flow channel at the upper end of the grouting device 7, filling the borehole 2 above the grouting device 7. The cement grout can fill the gap between the fixed sleeve 5 and the inner wall of the borehole 2, the gap between the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 and the fixed sleeve 5, and the gap between the fixed sleeve 5 and the upper end of the grouting device 7, so that the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 is fixed in the borehole 2, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the micro-vibration signal, improving the accuracy of data monitoring, and accurately reflecting the actual stress and deformation state of the surrounding rock of the roof 1.

[0053] Meanwhile, due to the injection of cement slurry, the sensor can achieve a tight fit and effective coupling with the surrounding rock, which solves the technical problem that the anchoring agent 4 becomes loose and falls off after solidification due to the deformation of the surrounding rock and mining, causing the sensor to detach from the surrounding rock and fail to capture effective microseismic signals, thus meeting the needs of long-term monitoring.

[0054] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the slurry guide 7 is a cylindrical structure with a through hole in the middle, and the flow channel is set in its side wall.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 further includes a signal bolt 25, which is disposed at the upper end of the micro-vibration sensor and contacts the top wall of the borehole 2 in the surrounding rock of the roof plate 1 for transmitting signals.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in order to avoid the risk that the grouting device 7 will fall off the borehole 2 due to the loosening of the contact between the grouting device 7 and the side wall of the borehole 2 caused by the pressure factor of the cement slurry during the cement injection process, a bearing mechanism is also included.

[0057] The bearing mechanism is located between the grout guide 7 and the side wall of the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1. Its inner side wall abuts against the outer side wall of the grout guide 7, and its outer side wall abuts against the side wall of the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1. It is used to fix the grout guide 7 while preventing cement grout from flowing out from the gap between the grout guide 7 and the side wall of the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1.

[0058] Existing installation methods mostly rely on manual hand operation, which makes it difficult to ensure that the sensor is centered in borehole 2. This can easily lead to the sensor not fitting tightly against the borehole 2 wall, which in turn affects the transmission efficiency of the micro-vibration signal, causing deviations in the monitoring data and making it impossible to accurately reflect the actual stress and deformation state of the surrounding rock 1 of the roof.

[0059] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the diameter of the grout guide 7 is smaller than the diameter of the borehole 2. The bearing mechanism includes a pressurized airbag 8, which is a ring structure and sleeved on the outside of the grout guide 7. The bottom of the pressurized airbag 8 is provided with an air inlet 10. Air is supplied into the pressurized airbag 8 through the air inlet 10 to fill the pressurized airbag 8 and make it expand, so that the pressurized airbag 8 fills the gap between the grout guide 7 and the borehole 2, locking the grout guide 7 in the borehole 2 and preventing the grout guide 7 from falling out of the borehole 2 during the process of injecting cement grout.

[0060] As a supplement to the above technical solution, the bearing mechanism also includes an air pipe 11, an air pipe valve 12, and a pressure control valve 20;

[0061] The air pipe 11 is connected to the rammed airbag 8 and is used to supply air into the rammed airbag 8. The air pipe valve 12 is installed on the air pipe 11; the pressure control valve 20 is installed on the rammed airbag 8. The pressure control valve 20 is designed to prevent the rammed airbag from bursting when the internal pressure of the rammed airbag 8 exceeds a critical value. The air pipe 11 can be connected to the downhole ventilation pipe to achieve efficient air supply.

[0062] The above technical solution solves the technical problem in the prior art where, after the sensor is manually pushed into the borehole 2, there is a lack of effective temporary fixing and positioning mechanism, and the sensor is prone to slipping under its own gravity, leading to installation failure.

[0063] In the current installation process, there is a lack of protection measures for the optical fiber 16, which makes it prone to damage and breakage. The optical fiber 16 of the optical fiber microseismic sensor 3 is made of fragile material. During manual installation, the optical fiber 16 needs to be pushed into the borehole 2 along with the sensor. Without a dedicated wire protection mechanism, friction and compression can easily occur between the optical fiber 16 and the wall of the borehole 2. Especially when the inner wall of the borehole 2 is uneven or has sharp protrusions, it is very easy to cause damage to the outer skin of the optical fiber 16 and breakage of the core wire, resulting in sensor failure. This not only increases the installation cost, but also causes the monitoring work to be interrupted, making it impossible to achieve continuous monitoring of the surrounding rock of the roof 1. Continuous and uninterrupted microseismic monitoring is a key prerequisite for predicting potential disaster hazards.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism further includes a connecting end 6 and a wire tube 9. The connecting end 6 is located at the lower opening of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 and is connected to the side wall of the fixing sleeve 5. The upper part of the wire tube 9 passes through the connecting end 6 and communicates with the internal space of the fixing sleeve 5.

[0065] The supporting mechanism is provided with a vertically arranged through hole. The supporting mechanism is sleeved on the guide tube 9 through the vertical through hole, so that the lower end of the guide tube 9 is located below the slurry pump 7.

[0066] In this system, the optical fiber 16 of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 passes through the conduit 9 and is connected to the micro-vibration sensor. The conduit 9 and the connecting end 6 are designed to protect the optical fiber 16, effectively avoiding technical problems such as damage to the outer sheath and breakage of the core wire of the optical fiber 16.

[0067] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, the protrusions on the inner sidewall of the fixed sleeve 5 are arranged in at least three groups evenly along the circumference of the fixed sleeve 5, preferably four groups.

[0068] The protrusion includes a fixing arc plate 24, a fixing shaft 23, and a spring 26. The inner wall of the fixing sleeve 5 has a guide hole for the fixing shaft 23 to pass through. The fixing shaft 23 is arranged radially along the fixing sleeve 5, passing through the guide hole on the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 5 so that its first end is located inside the fixing sleeve 5. The fixing arc plate 24 is disposed at the first end of the fixing shaft 23, and the second end of the fixing shaft 23 has a protrusion to prevent its second end from passing through the guide hole on the side wall of the fixing sleeve 5. The spring 26 is sleeved on the fixing shaft 23, with one end fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixing sleeve 5, and the other end fixedly connected to the fixing arc plate 24. The spring 26 applies a squeezing force towards the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 to the fixing arc plate 24, thus clamping the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3. The protrusion can accommodate fiber optic micro-vibration sensors 3 of different sizes and specifications, achieving the function of clamping them. During the clamping process, the fixed arc plate 24 comes into contact with the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3, and the spring 26 is compressed, causing the fixed shaft 23 to contract along the guide hole opened on the fixed sleeve 5.

[0069] The connecting end 6 includes a connecting body 33 and a connecting beam 34. The connecting body 33 is a columnar structure with a through hole in the middle. The upper end of the through hole of the connecting body 33 is a guide 22. The inner side wall of the through hole of the connecting body 33 is provided with internal threads. The upper outer side wall of the wire tube 9 is provided with external threads. The upper part of the wire tube 9 is screwed into the through hole of the connecting body 33. One end of the connecting beam 34 is fixedly connected to the outer side wall of the connecting body 33, and the other end of the connecting beam 34 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the fixing sleeve 5.

[0070] The connecting beams are provided in at least three sets, preferably four sets. The connecting beams 34 are evenly arrayed around the circumference of the connecting end 6. The hole formed by the connecting beams 34, the inner wall of the fixed sleeve 5, and the outer wall of the connecting body 33 is the grout inlet 18. Cement grout can flow into the interior of the fixed sleeve 5 through the grout inlet 18.

[0071] As a supplement to the above technical solution, to prevent the optical fiber 16 from bending and breaking at the lower end of the conductor tube 9 during the stretching process, a guide roller 17 is provided at the lower end of the conductor tube 9 for protectively guiding the optical fiber 16 out of the conductor tube 9. An annular bracket can be provided at the lower end of the conductor tube 9, with four radial mounting slots evenly spaced circumferentially on the annular bracket. Each set of guide rollers passes through an independent rotating shaft within the mounting slot of the annular bracket, ensuring that the circumference of the guide roller is perpendicular to the radial direction of the circular tube.

[0072] As a supplement to the technical solution of the present invention, a grout pipe 14 is also included, which is used to insert into the inlet of the grout pipe 7 flow channel to deliver cement grout into the grout pipe 7, and a grout pipe valve 15 is provided on the grout pipe 14.

[0073] The inlet of the flow channel of the slurry pump 7 is the slurry inlet 13, which is located on the bottom wall of the slurry pump 7. The outlet of the flow channel is the slurry outlet 21, which is located on the top wall of the slurry pump 7. An inner stop gate 27 is provided at the position of the slurry inlet 13. One end of the inner stop gate 27 is connected to the bottom wall of the slurry pump 7 through a first torsion spring 28, so that the opening direction of the inner stop gate 27 faces the inside of the slurry pump 7. The opening and closing of the slurry inlet 13 is controlled by the inner stop gate 27.

[0074] An external slurry stop gate 30 is provided at the slurry outlet 21. One end of the external slurry stop gate 30 is connected to the inner top wall of the slurry guide 7 through a second torsion spring 31, so that the opening direction of the external slurry stop gate 30 faces the outside of the slurry guide 7. The opening and closing of the slurry outlet 21 is controlled by the external slurry stop gate 30.

[0075] As a supplement to the above technical solution, a vertically arranged inner baffle 29 is provided on the bottom wall of the grout guide 7 located on the outer periphery of the grouting port 13. When the inner grout stop gate 27 is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the inner baffle 29 and closes the grouting port 13.

[0076] An inner baffle 29 is provided on the top wall of the grout guide 7 located on the outer periphery of the grout outlet 21. When the outer grout stop gate 30 is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the outer baffle 32 and closes the grouting port 13.

[0077] Both the inner grout stop gate 27 and the outer grout stop gate 30 are installed for the purpose of grout backflow.

[0078] The bottom wall of the grout feeder 7 is also provided with a pressure control grout valve 19. The pressure control grout valve 19 is an overflow valve. When the pressure of the cement grout is too high, in order to avoid damaging the internal structure, the pressure control grout valve 19 will automatically open to release pressure. At this time, the injection of cement grout can be stopped immediately, and the position of the pressure control grout valve 19 will be sealed.

[0079] As a preferred technical solution of the above technical solution, the slurry outlet 21 of the slurry guide 7 is provided with 6 sets, and the six sets of slurry outlets are evenly arranged along the circumference of the slurry guide 7. Each set of slurry outlet 21 is provided with an external slurry stop gate 30.

[0080] The existing fiber optic microseismic sensor 3 has a cumbersome and inefficient installation process, and requires highly skilled operators. In traditional installation, steps such as fixing the sensor, leading out the optical fiber 16, and injecting anchoring material must be performed separately, resulting in poor workflow coordination. This not only increases labor intensity but also prolongs the installation period. Furthermore, due to the lack of a coordinated mechanism, problems such as material overflow and uneven filling are prone to occur during anchoring material injection, further affecting installation quality. Moreover, the sensor is prone to loosening after installation, requiring frequent maintenance and increasing subsequent operation and maintenance costs. This invention also discloses an installation method for a fiber optic microseismic sensor assembly for roof surrounding rock, including the following steps:

[0081] S1. Place the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 inside the fixed sleeve 5 of the locking mechanism, so that the protrusion inside the fixed sleeve 5 clamps the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3. Place the pressurized airbag 8 around the outer periphery of the slurry pump 7. Pass the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3 fiber optic cable 16 through the through hole on the connecting body 33 of the connecting end 6 and the wire tube 9 in sequence, and lead it out from the roller 17 position at the lower end of the wire tube 9.

[0082] S2. Screw the upper part of the conduit 9 to the connecting body 33 of the connecting end 6;

[0083] S3. Connect the air tube 11 to the airbag 8, install the signal bolt 25 on the upper end of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3, and push the anchoring agent 4 into the top wall of the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1 and stir it thoroughly.

[0084] S4. Push the locking mechanism, grout pump 7 and bearing mechanism into the borehole 2. After the signal bolt 25 enters the anchoring agent 4, open the air pipe valve 12 of the bearing mechanism to make the air bladder 8 expand and fix the locking mechanism and grout pump 7 into the borehole 2.

[0085] S5. Insert the end of the grout pipe 14 into the grouting port 13, so that the inner grout stop valve 27 is opened. Open the grout pipe valve 15 to pump the quick-setting cement grout into the grout pump 7. Due to the pressure of the cement grout, the outer grout stop valve 30 at the grout outlet 21 is opened, and the cement grout flows out to fill the borehole 2 of the surrounding rock 1 of the roof.

[0086] S6. After the cement has solidified, remove the air pipe 11 and the slurry pipe 14 to complete the installation of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor 3.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A roof surrounding rock optical fiber microseismic sensor mounting assembly, characterized in that, include: Fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3), a borehole (2) is provided on the surrounding rock (1) of the top plate, the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) is set inside the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1) of the top plate, the upper end of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) is in contact with the top wall of the borehole (2), and the anchoring agent (4) is used to bond and fix the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) inside the borehole (2). The locking mechanism includes a fixing sleeve (5); the fixing sleeve (5) is a shell structure with openings at both the upper and lower ends. The lower part of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) passes through the upper opening of the fixing sleeve (5) and is located inside the shell. The side wall of the fixing sleeve (5) is provided with a protrusion for clamping the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3). The grouting device (7) is located inside the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1) of the roof and below the fixed sleeve (5). The grouting device (7) has a flow channel for injecting cement grout. The inlet of the flow channel is located at the lower end of the grouting device (7) and the outlet is located at the upper end of the grouting device (7), so that the cement grout can be injected into the borehole (2) space of the surrounding rock (1) of the roof above the grouting device (7) through the flow channel inside the grouting device (7).

2. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor installation assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the load-bearing mechanism; The bearing mechanism is located between the grouting device (7) and the side wall of the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1) of the roof, filling the space between the outer wall of the grouting device (7) and the side wall of the borehole (2); the inner wall of the bearing mechanism abuts against the outer wall of the grouting device (7), and the outer wall abuts against the side wall of the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1), which is used to lock the grouting device (7) in the borehole (2) and prevent cement grout from flowing out of the gap between the grouting device (7) and the side wall of the borehole (2); The fiber optic microseismic sensor (3) also includes a signal bolt (25), which is located at the upper end of the microseismic sensor and contacts the top wall of the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1).

3. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor installation assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing mechanism includes a pressurized airbag (8), which is a ring structure and is sleeved on the outside of the slurry pump (7). The bottom of the pressurized airbag (8) is provided with an air inlet (10). Air is supplied to the air inlet (10) to make the pressurized airbag (8) expand and lock the slurry pump (7) inside the borehole (2).

4. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor installation assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bearing mechanism also includes an air pipe (11), an air pipe valve (12), and a pressure control valve (20). The air tube (11) is connected to the airbag (8) and is used to supply air into the airbag (8). The air tube valve (12) is installed on the air tube (11); the pressure control valve (20) is installed on the airbag (8).

5. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that, The locking mechanism also includes a connecting end (6) and a wire tube (9). The connecting end (6) is located at the lower opening of the fixed sleeve (5) and is connected to the side wall of the fixed sleeve (5). The upper part of the wire tube (9) passes through the connecting end (6) and communicates with the internal space of the fixed sleeve (5). The slurry guide (7) is provided with a vertically arranged through hole. The slurry guide (7) is sleeved on the guide tube (9) through its vertical through hole, so that the lower end of the guide tube (9) is located on the lower side of the slurry guide (7). In this case, the optical fiber (16) of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) passes through the conduit (9) and is connected to the micro-vibration sensor.

6. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The protrusions on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (5) are arranged in at least three sets evenly along the circumference of the fixed sleeve (5), and the protrusions include a fixed arc plate (24), a fixed shaft (23), and a spring (26). The inner wall of the fixed sleeve (5) is provided with a guide hole for the fixed shaft (23) to pass through. The fixed shaft (23) is arranged radially along the fixed sleeve (5). The fixed shaft (23) passes through the guide hole on the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (5) so that its first end is located inside the fixed sleeve (5). The fixed arc plate (24) is arranged at the first end of the fixed shaft (23). The spring (26) is sleeved on the fixed shaft (23) and one end of it is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (5). The other end of the spring (26) is fixedly connected to the fixed arc plate (24). The spring (26) applies a squeezing force toward the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) to the fixed arc plate (24) to clamp the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3). The link end (6) includes a link body (33) and a link beam (34). The link body (33) is a columnar structure with a through hole in the middle. The inner wall of the through hole of the link body (33) is provided with an internal thread. The upper outer wall of the wire tube (9) is provided with an external thread. The upper part of the wire tube (9) is screwed into the through hole of the link body (33). One end of the link beam (34) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the link body (33), and the other end of the link beam (34) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fixed sleeve (5).

7. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lower end of the conduit (9) is provided with a guide roller (17).

8. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a grout pipe (14), which is used to insert into the inlet of the grout pipe (7) to deliver cement grout into the grout pipe (7), and the grout pipe (14) is equipped with a grout pipe valve (15). The inlet of the flow channel of the slurry pump (7) is the slurry inlet (13), which is located on the bottom wall of the slurry pump (7). The outlet of the flow channel is the slurry outlet (21), which is located on the top wall of the slurry pump (7). An inner stop gate (27) is provided at the position of the slurry inlet (13). One end of the inner stop gate (27) is connected to the bottom wall of the slurry pump (7) through a first torsion spring (28), so that the opening direction of the inner stop gate (27) faces the inside of the slurry pump (7). The opening and closing of the slurry inlet (13) is controlled by the inner stop gate (27). An external slurry stop gate (30) is provided at the slurry outlet (21). One end of the external slurry stop gate (30) is connected to the inner top wall of the slurry guide (7) through a second torsion spring (31), so that the opening direction of the external slurry stop gate (30) faces the outside of the slurry guide (7). The opening and closing of the slurry outlet (21) is controlled by the external slurry stop gate (30).

9. The roof surrounding rock fiber optic microseismic sensor mounting assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that, An inner baffle (29) is provided on the bottom wall of the grout guide (7) located on the outer periphery of the grouting port (13). When the inner grout stop gate (27) is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the inner baffle (29) and closes the grouting port (13). A vertically arranged outer baffle (32) is provided on the top wall of the grout guide (7) located on the outer periphery of the grout outlet (21). When the outer grout stop gate (30) is in the closed state, it fits against the upper edge of the outer baffle (32) and closes the grouting port (13). The bottom wall of the slurry pump (7) is also equipped with a pressure control slurry valve (19).

10. The installation method of the fiber optic microseismic sensor assembly for roof surrounding rock according to claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) inside the fixed sleeve (5) of the locking mechanism, so that the protrusion inside the fixed sleeve (5) clamps the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3), put the pressurized airbag (8) on the outer periphery of the slurry pump (7), and pass the fiber optic cable (16) of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3) through the through hole on the connecting body (33) of the connecting end (6) and the wire tube (9) in sequence, and lead it out from the lower end of the wire tube (9); S2. Screw the upper part of the conduit (9) to the connecting body (33) of the connecting end (6); S3. Connect the air tube (11) to the airbag (8), install the signal bolt (25) on the upper end of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3), and push the anchoring agent (4) into the top wall of the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1) of the roof and stir it thoroughly. S4. Push the locking mechanism, the grout pump (7) and the bearing mechanism into the borehole (2). After the signal bolt (25) enters the anchoring agent (4) and contacts the top wall of the borehole (2), open the air valve (12) of the bearing mechanism to make the air bladder (8) expand and fix the locking mechanism and the grout pump (7) into the borehole (2). S5. Cement slurry is introduced into the grouting port (13) of the grouting device (7), and the cement slurry flows out from the grouting outlet (21) of the grouting device (7) to fill the borehole (2) of the surrounding rock (1) of the roof. S6. After the cement has solidified, remove the air pipe (11) and slurry pipe (14) to complete the installation of the fiber optic micro-vibration sensor (3).

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