Belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion damping

Abstract

The disclosure provides a belt conveyor discharge hopper based on air cushion damping, which comprises a hopper body, an air cushion and an inflation system; the air cushion is arranged in the hopper body and located in a material flow impact area of the hopper body, and the air cushion comprises a wear-resistant layer and an elastic buffer layer; the edge of the wear-resistant layer is connected with the edge of the elastic buffer layer to form a sealed inflation chamber, and the elastic buffer layer is connected with the inner wall of the hopper body; the wear-resistant layer is located on the side of the elastic buffer layer away from the inner wall of the hopper body and is arranged opposite to the discharge end of the belt conveyor; the inflation system is used to determine the pressure interval of the gas in the inflation chamber according to the particle size and the quantity of the material, and control the gas pressure of the inflation chamber to the pressure interval. In the belt conveyor discharge hopper based on air cushion damping, different particle size of stone blocks and different dynamic working conditions of quantity are adapted, the stability and service life of the equipment are improved, and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of belt conveyor unloading technology, and in particular to a belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption. Background Technology

[0002] The conveyor belt unloading hopper is a core hub in the material transfer system, its core function being to receive materials transported by the upstream conveyor belt and precisely guide them to downstream equipment or storage devices. In scenarios such as tunnel excavation, mining, and sand and gravel processing, the unloading hopper must continuously withstand the high-speed impact of large-diameter stones, generally presenting three major pain points: First, severe vibration leads to structural damage to the equipment, easily causing hopper body cracking, weld detachment, loose connecting bolts, and other malfunctions; second, it causes serious noise pollution, with the peak impact noise far exceeding the limits of the "Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises at Boundary" (GB12348-2008), endangering the physical and mental health of workers; third, the equipment wears out quickly, requiring frequent shutdowns to replace vulnerable parts, significantly increasing maintenance costs and the risk of production interruption.

[0003] In existing technologies, the vibration reduction solutions for unloading hoppers are mainly divided into three categories, but none of them can solve the core pain points mentioned above: First, spring buffer components rely on the elastic deformation of springs to absorb energy, but they are prone to fatigue failure under high-frequency impacts, resulting in short service life, high maintenance frequency, and high costs; Second, elastic linings such as rubber pads can reduce rigid collisions, but their wear resistance is poor, and they are easily scratched and damaged by sharp stones. Moreover, the buffer parameters are fixed and cannot be adapted to the dynamic working conditions of different conveying volumes and different particle sizes of stones; Third, rigid buffer plates can only change the trajectory of material falling and cannot effectively absorb impact energy. Their vibration reduction and noise reduction effects are limited, and the vibration amplitude is still relatively large. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a conveyor belt unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides a conveyor belt discharge hopper based on air cushion shock absorption, comprising: a hopper body, an air cushion, and an inflation system; wherein, the hopper body is disposed at the discharge end of the conveyor belt, and the hopper body is used to receive the material conveyed by the conveyor belt and discharge the material in a preset direction; the air cushion is disposed within the hopper body and located in the material flow impact area of ​​the hopper body, and the air cushion comprises: a wear-resistant layer and an elastic buffer layer, the edge of the wear-resistant layer and the edge of the elastic buffer layer are connected to form a sealed inflation chamber, and the elastic buffer layer is connected to the inner wall of the hopper body, the wear-resistant layer is located on the side of the elastic buffer layer away from the inner wall of the hopper body and is disposed opposite to the discharge end of the conveyor belt; the air exchange end of the inflation system is connected to the air exchange end of the inflation chamber, and the inflation system is used to determine the pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber according to the particle size and conveying volume of the material, and to control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the pressure range.

[0007] Optionally, the inflation system is configured to determine a first pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber and control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the first pressure range when the particle size of the material is greater than a preset particle size and / or the material flow rate is greater than a preset flow rate; the inflation system is configured to determine a second pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber and control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the second pressure range when the particle size of the material is not greater than a preset particle size and the material flow rate is not greater than a preset flow rate; wherein the second pressure range is smaller than the first pressure range.

[0008] Optionally, the inflation system is used to inflate the inflation chamber with gas when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber rises to the middle value of the pressure range; the inflation system is also used to release gas from the inflation chamber when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber decreases to the middle value of the pressure range.

[0009] Optionally, the inflation system is used to release gas from the inflation chamber at a first preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure; and / or, the inflation system is used to inflate the inflation chamber with gas at a second preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure.

[0010] Optionally, the inflation system is configured to issue a first alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure and remains so for a first time; and / or, the inflation system is configured to issue a second alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure and remains so for a second time.

[0011] Optionally, the inflation system includes: an air pump, a flow control valve, an overflow valve, an exhaust valve, a pressure sensor, and a controller; wherein the outlet of the air pump is connected to the inlet of the flow control valve, and the outlet of the flow control valve is connected to the inlet of the inflation chamber; the overflow valve is disposed between the outlet of the air pump and the inlet of the flow control valve; and the inlet of the exhaust valve is connected to the outlet of the inflation chamber; the pressure sensor is disposed within the inflation chamber, and the signal input terminal of the controller is connected to the signal output terminal of the pressure sensor; the signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the signal input terminals of the air pump, the flow control valve, and the exhaust valve, respectively; the controller is used to acquire the gas pressure of the inflation chamber through the pressure sensor, and, based on the gas pressure acquired by the pressure sensor, control the air pump and the flow control valve to open and inflate the inflation chamber with gas, or control the exhaust valve to open and release gas from the inflation chamber, so that the gas pressure of the inflation chamber is within the pressure range.

[0012] Optionally, the elastic buffer layer is provided with an elastic groove distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area on the side near the inner wall of the funnel body, and the inner wall of the funnel body is provided with protrusions distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area, and the elastic groove is engaged with the protrusions.

[0013] Optionally, the air cushion further includes: a metal pressure strip, the metal pressure strip being distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area, and the metal pressure strip pressing against the edge of the air cushion and the inner wall of the funnel body, and wear-resistant sealant being provided between the metal pressure strip and the edge of the air cushion and between the metal pressure strip and the inner wall of the funnel body.

[0014] Optionally, the air cushion further includes a puncture-resistant coating applied to the side of the abrasion-resistant layer near the elastic cushioning layer.

[0015] Optionally, the inner wall of the funnel body is detachably provided with a wear-resistant liner, and the wear-resistant liner has multiple anti-slip grooves.

[0016] The technical solution provided in this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:

[0017] By precisely bearing the impact of materials with wear-resistant air cushions and by adjusting the adaptive pressure of the air cushions through the inflation system, impact energy can be efficiently absorbed, significantly reducing vibration and noise. At the same time, it is adaptable to dynamic working conditions with different particle sizes of stones and different carrying capacities, improving the stability and service life of the equipment, reducing maintenance costs, and meeting the needs of harsh working conditions such as tunnel engineering, mining, and sand and gravel pits.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to an embodiment of this disclosure; As shown in the figure: 1. Funnel body; 2. Air cushion; 21. Abrasion-resistant layer; 22. Elastic buffer layer; 3. Inflation system; 31. Air pump; 32. Flow control valve; 33. Overflow valve; 34. Controller; 100. Belt conveyor; 200. Material. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below, with examples of embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are used only to explain this disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting this disclosure. Rather, embodiments of this disclosure include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0021] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this disclosure proposes a conveyor belt 100 unloading hopper based on air cushion 2 shock absorption, including: hopper body 1, air cushion 2 and inflation system 3. The funnel body 1 is located at the discharge end of the belt conveyor 100 and is used to receive the material 200 conveyed by the belt conveyor 100 and discharge the material 200 in a preset direction. The air cushion 2 is located inside the funnel body 1 and in the material flow impact area of ​​the funnel body 1. The air cushion 2 includes a wear-resistant layer 21 and an elastic buffer layer 22. The edge of the wear-resistant layer 21 and the edge of the elastic buffer layer 22 are connected to form a sealed air-filled chamber. The elastic buffer layer 22 is connected to the inner wall of the funnel body 1. The wear-resistant layer 21 is located on the side of the elastic buffer layer 22 away from the inner wall of the funnel body 1 and is opposite to the discharge end of the belt conveyor 100. The air exchange end of the air-filling system 3 is connected to the air exchange end of the air-filled chamber. The air-filling system 3 is used to determine the pressure range of the gas in the air-filled chamber according to the particle size and flow rate of the material 200, and to control the gas pressure in the air-filled chamber to the pressure range.

[0022] It is understandable that, since the edge of the wear-resistant layer 21 is connected to the edge of the elastic buffer layer 22 to form a sealed air chamber, and the elastic buffer layer 22 is connected to the inner wall of the funnel body 1, and the wear-resistant layer 21 is located on the side of the elastic buffer layer 22 away from the inner wall of the funnel body 1 and is opposite to the discharge end of the belt conveyor 100, the air cushion 2 can effectively buffer the material 200 by utilizing the cooperation of the wear-resistant layer 21, the elastic buffer layer 22 and the gas in the air chamber. At the same time, the air inflation system 3 determines the pressure range of the gas in the air chamber and controls the gas pressure in the air chamber to the pressure range according to the particle size and conveying volume of the material 200, thereby enabling the air cushion 2 to adapt to different working conditions of the material 200.

[0023] Therefore, by precisely bearing the impact of the material 200 through the wear-resistant air cushion 2 and the adaptive pressure adjustment of the air cushion 2 by the inflation system 3, the impact energy can be efficiently absorbed, significantly reducing vibration and noise. At the same time, it can adapt to dynamic working conditions with different particle sizes of stones and different carrying capacities, improve the stability and service life of the equipment, reduce maintenance costs, and meet the needs of harsh working conditions such as tunnel engineering, mining, and sand and gravel pits.

[0024] It should be noted that the funnel body 1 is used to receive the material 200 conveyed by the belt conveyor 100 and discharge the material 200 in a preset direction. The specific type of the funnel body 1 can be set according to actual needs and there is no restriction. For example, the funnel body 1 is a commonly used funnel for belt conveyors (to meet the material 200 unloading requirements of the belt conveyor 100). It can be made of Q235B steel and welded together. The top is provided with a rectangular feed port that is compatible with the bandwidth of the mainstream belt conveyor 100, and the bottom is provided with a rectangular discharge port that matches the interface of the downstream transfer equipment.

[0025] Among them, the material flow impact area of ​​the funnel body 1 is located on the two side walls and the front wall below the feed inlet, that is, the key plane area where the trajectory of the material 200 falls coincides with the hopper wall.

[0026] Air cushion 2 is used to absorb the impact of material 200, thus buffering the impact force of material 200. The main structure of air cushion 2 consists of wear-resistant layer 21 and elastic buffer layer 22. Wear-resistant layer 21 is used to directly contact material 200, and elastic buffer layer 22 is used to ensure the stable arrangement of wear-resistant layer 21 on the inner wall of funnel body 1. The specific types of wear-resistant layer 21 and elastic buffer layer 22 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited. For example, air cushion 2 adopts a flat wear-resistant structure that is precisely adapted to the plane of the inner wall of funnel. It can be customized according to the size of the impact area of ​​material flow and can be adapted to funnels of different sizes through splicing to ensure tight fit and uniform force distribution. Specifically, wear-resistant layer 21 can be made of wear-resistant composite material, and elastic buffer layer 22 can be made of elastic rubber material, which can efficiently absorb impact energy.

[0027] Among them, the air cushion 2 has a pre-set air inlet, which is connected to the external inflation system 3 through a wear-resistant metal sleeve air pipe embedded in the funnel wall. The air pipe is routed close to the inner side of the funnel wall and fixed to avoid interfering with the material flow and material 200 residue. At the same time, the air inlet can also be used for exhaust.

[0028] In addition, the air inflation system 3 can obtain the particle size and conveying volume information of material 200 from the control system of belt conveyor 100.

[0029] In some embodiments, the inflation system 3 is used to determine a first pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber and control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the first pressure range when the particle size of the material 200 is greater than a preset particle size and / or the conveying volume of the material 200 is greater than a preset conveying volume; the inflation system 3 is also used to determine a second pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber and control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the second pressure range when the particle size of the material 200 is not greater than a preset particle size and the conveying volume of the material 200 is not greater than a preset conveying volume. The second pressure range is smaller than the first pressure range.

[0030] It is understandable that when the particle size of material 200 is larger than the preset particle size, and / or the conveying capacity of material 200 is greater than the preset conveying capacity, it indicates that material 200 is in a large particle size working condition and / or a large conveying capacity working condition, which requires a higher buffering capacity of air cushion 2. Therefore, the inflation system 3 controls the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to a larger first pressure range, thereby improving the impact resistance of air cushion 2.

[0031] When the particle size of material 200 is not greater than the preset particle size and the conveying capacity of material 200 is not greater than the preset conveying capacity, it indicates that material 200 is in a small particle size working condition and / or a small conveying capacity working condition, and the requirements for the buffering capacity of air cushion 2 are low. Therefore, the inflation system 3 controls the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to a smaller second pressure range, thereby ensuring the buffering effect of air cushion 2 while reducing energy consumption.

[0032] Therefore, by controlling the air cushion 2 to a suitable pressure range according to materials 200 with different particle sizes and conveying volumes, the stability and service life of the equipment can be effectively improved, and the operation and maintenance costs can be reduced.

[0033] It should be noted that the second pressure range being smaller than the first pressure range can mean that the maximum value of the second pressure range is smaller than the minimum value of the first pressure range, or that the maximum value of the second pressure range is smaller than the maximum value of the first pressure range, and the minimum value of the second pressure range is smaller than the minimum value of the first pressure range; there are no restrictions on this.

[0034] In some embodiments, the inflation system 3 is used to inflate the inflation chamber with gas when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber rises to the middle value of the pressure range; the inflation system 3 is used to release gas from the inflation chamber when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber decreases to the middle value of the pressure range.

[0035] Understandably, when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the pressure range, the inflation system 3 fills the inflation chamber with gas, and when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the pressure range, the inflation system 3 releases gas from the inflation chamber. This achieves automatic closed-loop regulation of the gas pressure inside the air cushion 2, ensuring that the air cushion 2 effectively buffers the material 200. At the same time, the inflation system 3 controls the gas pressure value inside the inflation chamber to the middle value of the pressure range, thereby reducing the adjustment frequency and improving the stability of the gas pressure inside the air cushion 2.

[0036] It should be noted that when the inflation system 3 controls the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the minimum or maximum value of the pressure range and then stops, the inflation system 3 may frequently inflate and deflate because the pressure is at the critical value of the pressure range. Therefore, controlling the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the middle value of the pressure range can improve equipment stability and reduce equipment energy consumption.

[0037] In some embodiments, the inflation system 3 is used to release gas from the inflation chamber at a first preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure; and / or, the inflation system 3 is used to inflate the inflation chamber at a second preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure.

[0038] It is understandable that when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure, it means that the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is too high (material 200 instantaneously impacts the air cushion 2), which can easily cause direct damage to the air cushion 2. Therefore, the inflation system 3 releases gas from the inflation chamber at a first preset rate to protect the air cushion 2.

[0039] When the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure, it indicates that there is too little gas in the inflation chamber (such as slight air leakage in air cushion 2 or a change in operating conditions), causing air cushion 2 to lose its shock absorption and cushioning effect. Therefore, the inflation system 3 inflates the inflation chamber with gas at a second preset rate to ensure that air cushion 2 has a high impact resistance.

[0040] It should be noted that both the first and second preset rates are relatively fast to ensure that the gas pressure within the air cushion 2 can quickly move out of the abnormal range. The first and second preset rates can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on this.

[0041] In some embodiments, the inflation system 3 is configured to issue a first alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure and remains so for a first time; and / or, the inflation system 3 is configured to issue a second alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure and remains so for a second time.

[0042] Understandably, when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber exceeds the upper limit pressure and remains so for an extended period, it indicates that the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is excessively high, and the inflation system 3 is unable to adjust the pressure to a safe range. Therefore, the first alarm message is issued to prompt the operator to handle the situation promptly.

[0043] When the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is lower than the lower limit pressure and remains so for a second period of time, it indicates that the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is too low and the inflation system 3 is unable to adjust the pressure to a safe range. Therefore, a second alarm message is issued to prompt the operator to handle the situation in a timely manner.

[0044] It should be noted that the first and second alarm messages are used to alert the workers and can be information such as sound or light.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the inflation system 3 includes: an air pump 31, a flow control valve 32, an overflow valve 33, an exhaust valve (not shown), a pressure sensor (not shown), and a controller 34; wherein, the air outlet of the air pump 31 is connected to the air inlet of the flow control valve 32, and the air outlet of the flow control valve 32 is connected to the air inlet of the inflation chamber; the overflow valve 33 is disposed between the air outlet of the air pump 31 and the air inlet of the flow control valve 32; and the air inlet of the exhaust valve is connected to the air outlet of the inflation chamber; the pressure sensor is disposed within the inflation chamber, and the controller 34... The signal input terminal of the controller 34 is connected to the signal output terminal of the pressure sensor. The signal output terminal of the controller 34 is connected to the signal input terminal of the air pump 31, the signal input terminal of the flow control valve 32, and the signal input terminal of the exhaust valve, respectively. The controller 34 is used to collect the gas pressure of the inflation chamber through the pressure sensor, and, based on the gas pressure collected by the pressure sensor, control the air pump 31 and the flow control valve 32 to open and fill the inflation chamber with gas, or control the exhaust valve to open and release gas from the inflation chamber, so that the gas pressure of the inflation chamber is within the pressure range.

[0046] Understandably, since the air outlet of the air pump 31 is connected to the air inlet of the flow control valve 32, and the air outlet of the flow control valve 32 is connected to the air inlet of the inflation chamber, the signal output of the controller 34 is connected to the signal input of the air pump 31 and the signal input of the flow control valve 32 respectively, so that the air pump 31 and the flow control valve 32 can be opened under the control of the controller 34, thereby realizing the inflation of the air cushion 2.

[0047] Since the air inlet of the exhaust valve is connected to the air outlet of the inflation chamber, and the signal output of the controller 34 is connected to the signal input of the exhaust valve, the exhaust valve can be opened under the control of the controller 34, thereby realizing the exhaust of the air cushion 2.

[0048] In addition, since the overflow valve 33 is located between the air outlet of the air pump 31 and the air inlet of the flow control valve 32, the air pump 31 can use the overflow valve 33 to achieve pressure protection while delivering gas, thus ensuring that the air pump 31 can stably and efficiently inflate the air cushion 2.

[0049] Since the pressure sensor is located in the inflation chamber and the signal input terminal of the controller 34 is connected to the signal output terminal of the pressure sensor, the controller 34 can collect the gas pressure of the inflation chamber through the pressure sensor. This allows the controller to control the air pump 31, flow control valve 32, exhaust valve, etc., based on the gas pressure collected by the pressure sensor. Specifically, the controller 34 controls the air pump 31 and flow control valve 32 to open and fill the inflation chamber with gas, or controls the exhaust valve to open and release gas from the inflation chamber, so that the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is within the pressure range, thereby ensuring that the air cushion 2 effectively buffers the material 200.

[0050] It should be noted that the air pump 31, flow control valve 32, and overflow valve 33 are used for inflating the air cushion 2. The specific types of the air pump 31, flow control valve 32, and overflow valve 33 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited thereto. For example, the air pump 31 can be an air compressor (rated pressure 1.0MPa, exhaust volume 0.6m³ / min).

[0051] The exhaust valve is used to exhaust air from air cushion 2. The specific type of exhaust valve can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0052] The pressure sensor and controller 34 are used for automatic closed-loop control of the inflation and deflation of the air cushion 2. For example, the controller 34 starts the air pump 31 and opens the flow control valve 32 to inflate until the pressure is restored. The pressure sensor provides real-time feedback data to form a closed-loop control and ensure stable cushioning effect.

[0053] The specific types of pressure sensor and controller 34 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited thereto. For example, air cushion 2 is provided with a pressure detection port, pressure sensor is set in pressure detection port, and controller 34 can be PLC (Programmable Logic Controller 34).

[0054] After the equipment is started, the inflation system 3 automatically inflates the air cushion 2 to the corresponding pressure range. The stones conveyed by the upstream belt conveyor 100 fall into the funnel body 1 and impact the wear-resistant layer 21, elastic buffer layer 22 and the gas compression in the inflation chamber of the air cushion 2 to absorb the impact energy, reduce vibration and noise. The pressure sensor detects the impact pressure change in real time, and the controller 34 dynamically adjusts the pressure of the air cushion 2 according to the preset logic. After being buffered, the material 200 slides down the inner wall of the funnel body 1 to the bottom discharge port to complete the transfer. The whole process does not require manual intervention and realizes automated and stable operation.

[0055] In some embodiments, the elastic buffer layer 22 is provided with an elastic groove distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area on the side near the inner wall of the funnel body 1, and the inner wall of the funnel body 1 is provided with a protrusion distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area, and the elastic groove is engaged with the protrusion.

[0056] Understandably, because the elastic groove of the elastic buffer layer 22 is engaged on the protrusion on the inner wall of the funnel body 1, the air cushion 2 and the funnel body 1 can be positioned and sealed by the cooperation of the elastic groove and the protrusion, reducing the gap between the material 200 dust and the wall surface, ensuring the sealing performance and working stability of the air cushion 2, and adapting to harsh working conditions with a lot of dust.

[0057] The elastic grooves and protrusions are all distributed in a ring shape, which, together with the elastic buffer layer 22 and the inner wall of the funnel body 1, can form an effective sealed space.

[0058] It should be noted that the specific types of elastic slots and protrusions can be set according to actual needs and are not limited thereto. For example, the elastic slots can be integrally formed with the elastic buffer layer 22, and the protrusions can be integrally formed with the funnel body 1.

[0059] In some embodiments, the air cushion 2 further includes a metal strip, which is distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area and presses against the edge of the air cushion 2 and the inner wall of the funnel body 1. Wear-resistant sealant is provided between the metal strip and the edge of the air cushion 2 and between the metal strip and the inner wall of the funnel body 1.

[0060] Understandably, because the metal pressure strip presses against the edge of the air cushion 2 and the inner wall of the funnel body 1, and wear-resistant sealant is provided between the metal pressure strip and the edge of the air cushion 2, as well as between the metal pressure strip and the inner wall of the funnel body 1, the elastic buffer layer 22 and the inner wall of the funnel body 1 can achieve further sealing through the metal pressure strip and wear-resistant sealant. This, combined with the elastic groove and protrusion, achieves a triple seal, thereby preventing material 200 dust from entering the gap between the air cushion 2 and the wall surface, ensuring sealing performance and the working stability of the air cushion 2, and adapting to harsh working conditions with a lot of dust.

[0061] It should be noted that the metal pressure strip and wear-resistant sealant are used for sealing the edge of the air cushion 2 and the inner wall of the funnel body 1. The specific types of metal pressure strip and wear-resistant sealant can be set according to actual needs and are not limited thereto. For example, the metal pressure strip can be a stainless steel pressure strip, which is pressed and fixed along the edge of the air cushion 2. The surface of the pressure strip has an arc transition to avoid interfering with the material flow. The wear-resistant sealant is applied to the contact area between the metal pressure strip, the inner wall of the funnel body 1, and the air cushion 2.

[0062] In some embodiments, the air cushion 2 further includes a puncture-resistant coating applied to the side of the abrasion-resistant layer 21 near the elastic buffer layer 22.

[0063] It is understandable that, since the puncture-resistant coating is applied to the side of the wear-resistant layer 21 near the elastic buffer layer 22, the wear-resistant layer 21 can achieve puncture protection with the puncture-resistant coating, thereby preventing the air cushion 2 from leaking due to the impact of the sharp material 200, and thus ensuring the stable cushioning of the air cushion 2.

[0064] It should be noted that the puncture-resistant coating is used to protect the wear-resistant layer 21 from punctures. The specific type of puncture-resistant coating can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the puncture-resistant coating is formed by applying puncture-resistant paint to the side of the wear-resistant layer 21 near the elastic buffer layer 22.

[0065] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the funnel body 1 is detachably provided with a wear-resistant liner, and the wear-resistant liner has multiple anti-slip grooves.

[0066] It is understandable that, since the inner wall of the funnel body 1 is detachably equipped with a wear-resistant liner and the wear-resistant liner has multiple anti-slip grooves, the funnel body 1 can improve its wear resistance by using the wear-resistant liner, and at the same time, reduce the impact and bounce of the material 200 by using the anti-slip grooves.

[0067] It should be noted that the wear-resistant liner is used for the inner wall protection of the funnel body 1. The specific type of wear-resistant liner can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the wear-resistant liner can be an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene liner.

[0068] The discharge funnel of this embodiment has at least the following advantages: Significant shock absorption and noise reduction effects, suitable for harsh working conditions: The flat wear-resistant air cushion 2 directly bears the impact of the material flow, can efficiently absorb the impact energy, and avoid the material 200 from rigidly colliding with the funnel wall; the impact vibration amplitude and noise peak are significantly reduced; at the same time, the wear of the funnel wall is greatly reduced, making it suitable for harsh working conditions such as tunnel engineering and mining where large-diameter stones impact.

[0069] Strong adaptability and wide versatility: The controller 34 enables adaptive adjustment of the air cushion 2 within the pressure range, which can accurately adapt to stones of different sizes and different conveying conditions without the need for manual adjustment of structural parameters; the flat air cushion 2 can be spliced ​​to adapt to belt conveyor hoppers of different sizes, significantly improving its versatility.

[0070] Long service life and low maintenance cost: Air cushion 2 is made of composite wear-resistant material with puncture-resistant coating, which has high impact resistance and a service life far exceeding that of traditional spring / rubber buffer components; both air cushion 2 and wear-resistant liner are designed to be detachable, making maintenance convenient; inflation system 3 is automatically controlled, eliminating the need for frequent manual maintenance and significantly reducing overall maintenance costs.

[0071] The structure is stable and reliable with excellent sealing performance: It adopts a triple sealing structure of "embedded slot + stainless steel pressure strip + sealant" and is protected by wear-resistant metal sleeve of air pipe. It can effectively resist dust pollution and material impact, and prevent air cushion 2 from shifting and leaking. The funnel body 1 is made of Q235 steel welded and reinforced with rib design. It has high structural strength and can operate stably in harsh working conditions for a long time.

[0072] It should be noted that in the description of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0073] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of preferred embodiments of this disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this disclosure pertain.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0075] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A conveyor belt unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption, characterized in that, include: The funnel body, air cushion, and inflation system; The funnel body is disposed at the discharge end of the belt conveyor, and the funnel body is used to receive the material conveyed by the belt conveyor and discharge the material in a preset direction; The air cushion is disposed within the funnel body and located in the material flow impact area of ​​the funnel body. The air cushion includes a wear-resistant layer and an elastic buffer layer. The edge of the wear-resistant layer and the edge of the elastic buffer layer are connected to form a sealed air-filled chamber. The elastic buffer layer is connected to the inner wall of the funnel body. The wear-resistant layer is located on the side of the elastic buffer layer away from the inner wall of the funnel body and is disposed opposite to the discharge end of the belt conveyor. The air exchange end of the inflation system is connected to the air exchange end of the inflation chamber, and the inflation system is used to determine the pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber according to the particle size and flow rate of the material, and to control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the pressure range.

2. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflation system is used to determine a first pressure range of gas in the inflation chamber when the particle size of the material is greater than a preset particle size and / or the material transport volume is greater than a preset transport volume, and to control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the first pressure range. The inflation system is used to determine a second pressure range of the gas in the inflation chamber and control the gas pressure in the inflation chamber to the second pressure range when the particle size of the material is not greater than a preset particle size and the conveying volume of the material is not greater than a preset conveying volume. The second pressure range is smaller than the first pressure range.

3. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflation system is used to inflate the inflation chamber with gas when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber rises to the middle value of the pressure range. The inflation system is used to release gas from the inflation chamber when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the pressure range, until the gas pressure in the inflation chamber decreases to the middle value of the pressure range.

4. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflation system is used to release gas from the inflation chamber at a first preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is greater than the upper limit pressure. And / or, The inflation system is used to inflate the inflation chamber with gas at a second preset rate when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure.

5. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inflation system is used to issue a first alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber exceeds the upper limit pressure and remains so for a first time. And / or, The inflation system is used to issue a second alarm message when the gas pressure in the inflation chamber is less than the lower limit pressure and remains so for a second period of time.

6. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inflation system includes: Air pump, flow control valve, relief valve, exhaust valve, pressure sensor and controller; The air pump's outlet is connected to the flow control valve's inlet, and the flow control valve's outlet is connected to the inflation chamber's inlet. The overflow valve is located between the air pump's outlet and the flow control valve's inlet, and the exhaust valve's inlet is connected to the inflation chamber's outlet. The pressure sensor is installed in the inflation chamber, and the signal input terminal of the controller is connected to the signal output terminal of the pressure sensor. The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the signal input terminal of the air pump, the signal input terminal of the flow control valve, and the signal input terminal of the exhaust valve, respectively. The controller is used to acquire the gas pressure of the inflation chamber through the pressure sensor, and, based on the gas pressure acquired by the pressure sensor, control the air pump and the flow control valve to open and fill the inflation chamber with gas, or control the exhaust valve to open and release gas from the inflation chamber, so that the gas pressure of the inflation chamber is within the pressure range.

7. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic buffer layer is provided with elastic grooves distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area on the side near the inner wall of the funnel body, and the inner wall of the funnel body is provided with protrusions distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area, and the elastic grooves are engaged with the protrusions.

8. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air cushion also includes: A metal pressure strip is distributed circumferentially along the material flow impact area, and the metal pressure strip presses against the edge of the air cushion and the inner wall of the funnel body. Wear-resistant sealant is provided between the metal pressure strip and the edge of the air cushion and between the metal pressure strip and the inner wall of the funnel body.

9. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air cushion also includes: A puncture-resistant coating is applied to the side of the abrasion-resistant layer near the elastic buffer layer.

10. The belt conveyor unloading hopper based on air cushion shock absorption according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the funnel body is detachably provided with a wear-resistant liner, and the wear-resistant liner has multiple anti-slip grooves.

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