A method and device for extracting heme iron based on double membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection

Abstract

This invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a dual-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection, belonging to the field of biochemical separation and purification technology. The method first constructs a pneumatically suspended hemolytic environment, utilizing a metal sintered microporous distributor to generate a micron-sized inert bubble fluidized bed, achieving red blood cell disruption and deep deoxygenation under zero mechanical shear conditions, solving the molecular damage and oxidation problems caused by traditional processes. Then, a gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration mechanism is employed, introducing pulsed plug flow drive to physically peel off the protein gel layer on the membrane surface online, achieving dynamic anti-clogging and long-term stability in the macromolecular separation process. Finally, transmembrane partial pressure extraction is performed based on a reverse gas-scan nanofiltration model, distinguishing the migration paths of water molecules and dissolved oxygen, outputting a highly active concentrate and a closed-loop circulating gas flow. This invention effectively improves the extraction efficiency of the product Fe. 2+ Retention rate, purity, and continuity of industrial production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biochemical separation and purification technology, specifically to a method and apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection. Background Technology

[0002] Heme iron is the most bioavailable and highest quality iron source in nature, and it is widely used in food supplements, clinical medicine, and cosmetics. Currently, traditional processes for extracting heme iron from animal blood mainly include acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, and conventional membrane separation.

[0003] Acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis: These methods usually require the addition of large amounts of acid, alkali or protease, the process is complex and easily produces chemical reagent residues. At the same time, high temperature or violent chemical reaction can reduce the natural activity of heme molecules.

[0004] Conventional membrane separation methods utilize ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes for physical sieving, avoiding chemical residues. However, in actual industrial production, mechanical pumps are typically used to drive the material through the membrane module.

[0005] During in-depth research and development, the following significant technical defects and bottlenecks were discovered in existing heme iron extraction technologies: High risk of oxidative deactivation: Ferrous ions in heme readily react with oxygen in the air, oxidizing to methemoglobin. Existing "nitrogen protection" methods mostly involve filling the top of the reaction vessel with inert gas, which is a surface-level protection and cannot effectively remove free oxygen dissolved deep in the liquid phase. Furthermore, during membrane filtration, external oxygen can easily seep into the system through pump shaft seals or pipeline connections.

[0006] Mechanical shear damage: High-density heme molecules are sensitive to shear forces. While providing transmembrane pressure differential, traditional circulating pumps can cause shear damage to the long chain structure of heme due to the high-speed rotating impeller, resulting in a decrease in the bioavailability of the product.

[0007] Membrane fouling is difficult to control: Blood and its derivatives are complex fluids with high protein content and easy coagulation. During membrane separation, proteins readily form a dense filter cake or gel layer on the membrane surface, leading to a rapid decline in flux. Traditional chemical cleaning not only results in long downtime but also contaminates the product with the cleaning agents.

[0008] The contradiction between extraction purity and recovery rate: single-stage membrane separation is difficult to achieve both desalination and high-efficiency concentration, while multi-stage cascade systems are prone to heme retention and oxidation in pipelines due to pressure fluctuations and dead volume during fluid transfer.

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, how to construct a high-purity heme iron extraction system that can completely isolate oxygen, eliminate mechanical shear damage, and dynamically inhibit membrane fouling is a pressing technical challenge that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a dual-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection, solving the following problems: 1. Traditional top-layer nitrogen purging protection can only isolate air on the liquid surface and cannot remove dissolved oxygen from the deeper layers of the blood concentrate. In Sp1, micron-sized inert bubbles generated by microporous diffusion are used as "carriers" to forcibly replace free oxygen from the deep liquid phase into the gas phase through high-frequency pulsed kinetic energy, achieving full-depth deoxygenation from the surface to the interior. This ensures that heme iron always exists in the highly bioactive ferrous form, significantly improving the absorption rate of the finished product.

[0011] 2. Traditional processes rely on centrifugal or rotary pumps. The high-speed rotation of the mechanical impeller can tear the long chains of heme molecules, and the pump shaft seal is the number one dead zone for air infiltration. By using "pneumatic suspension" and "tower top air back pressure drive" to replace all mechanical pumping, the fluid is transported under hydrostatic pressure within a fully enclosed system. This achieves zero-shear extraction, completely eliminating trace oxygen leakage caused by wear of mechanical dynamic seals and maintaining the structural integrity of the molecules.

[0012] 3. Blood composition is extremely complex, and under traditional filtration methods, proteins easily accumulate on the membrane surface, leading to a significant decrease in flux after only a few hours of production. The Sp2 system innovatively introduces a "gas-liquid co-flow plug flow," utilizing the micro-vortex shear force generated when inert bubbles slide and rupture on the inner wall of the membrane tube to perform real-time, physical "air brush" cleaning of the membrane surface. This effectively suppresses protein concentration polarization, eliminates the need for frequent shutdowns for chemical cleaning, and increases the effective working cycle of the membrane module by more than three times.

[0013] 4. In the secondary concentration stage, the relative concentration of residual oxygen increases due to the significant reduction in liquid volume, accelerating oxidation. The "reverse gas-sweep extraction" technology introduced in Sp3 utilizes the hydrophobic support layer of the nanofiltration membrane as the gas-liquid mass transfer interface, "drawing" trace amounts of residual oxygen from the liquid phase through the oxygen partial pressure gradient. This achieves deep secondary deoxygenation while concentrating, resolving the contradiction of traditional processes where "the more concentrated, the easier it is to oxidize," and ensuring high stability at high purity.

[0014] 5. Multi-stage systems are often accompanied by a large amount of pumping energy consumption and pipeline stagnation. Through the "closed-loop gas path" design of the entire process, the waste heat and exhaust gas of the drying system are purified and reused as the initial power source and deoxygenation source; a gas-liquid-energy coupled circulation network is formed, which not only greatly reduces the consumption of inert gas, but also realizes the "zeroing" of material transportation through pneumatic pressure difference, eliminating the dead volume of pipelines.

[0015] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection, comprising the following steps: Sp1. Pneumatic suspension hemolysis and microbubble dynamic replacement: Red blood cell fluid containing anticoagulant is injected into a closed reaction tower with a microporous distributor at the bottom. High-purity inert gas with a preset pulse frequency is introduced to form a pneumatic suspension fluidized environment for cell wall disruption and hemolysis under conditions without mechanical stirring. A large number of floating micron-sized inert bubbles are used as gas-liquid mass transfer carriers to dynamically adsorb and replace free oxygen in the liquid phase, thus obtaining a hypoxic hemolysis stock solution. Sp2. Gas-phase driven and gas-liquid co-flow primary ultrafiltration: The inert gas back pressure at the top of the closed reaction tower is used as the only fluid transport power to pressurize the hypoxic hemolysinogen into the tube side of the primary ultrafiltration membrane module. At the same time, the inert gas and the raw liquid are mixed to form a gas-liquid co-flow state for ultrafiltration. The local micro-eddy shear force generated by the sliding and rupture of bubbles on the inner wall of the membrane tube is used to peel off the macromolecular globin gel layer deposited on the membrane surface in real time, retain macromolecular impurities and collect the primary permeate that permeates through the membrane pores. Sp3. Gas-sweeping two-stage nanofiltration dual-effect concentration and deoxygenation: The primary permeate is sealed and introduced into the retentive side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module for volume concentration. Simultaneously, dry, pure, inert gas is reverse-introduced into the permeate side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module to form a dynamic gas-sweeping layer. The hydrostatic pressure difference established on both sides of the nanofiltration membrane drives water molecules and inorganic salts to permeate through the membrane. At the same time, the absolute oxygen partial pressure gradient established by the permeate side gas-sweeping layer is used to reverse-extract the trace dissolved oxygen remaining in the primary permeate into the gas phase flow through the hydrophobic micropores of the nanofiltration membrane, thus obtaining deoxyheme concentrate. Sp4. Closed-loop airflow low-temperature drying: Deoxyheme concentrate is sprayed into a flash drying tower. The inert gas carrying water vapor discharged from Sp3 is used as a drying medium after condensation, dehumidification and heating. The moisture is instantly removed under an oxygen-free state to obtain highly active heme iron powder.

[0016] Preferably, in Sp1, the pulse frequency of the high-purity inert gas introduced is adaptively adjusted according to the real-time viscosity of the red blood cell fluid. In the initial stage of red blood cell wall disruption, when the viscosity rises, high-frequency pulse gas is used to enhance fluidized shear wall disruption. In the later stage of hemolysis, when the viscosity decreases, low-frequency constant flow gas is switched to extend the residence time of microbubbles in the liquid phase for deoxygenation.

[0017] Preferably, in Sp2, the gas-liquid co-flow state entering the primary ultrafiltration membrane module is controlled with a flow ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume between 1:5 and 1:2 to ensure the formation of a stable slug flow pattern within the membrane tube for physical cleaning.

[0018] Preferably, in Sp3, the secondary nanofiltration membrane module adopts a hydrophilic-hydrophobic composite membrane with an asymmetric structure, wherein the skin layer in contact with the primary permeate is a hydrophilic nanofiltration separation layer for retaining heme macromolecules, and the support layer facing away from the primary permeate is a hydrophobic porous layer for blocking liquid water permeation and providing oxygen partial pressure mass transfer channels.

[0019] Preferably, the inert gas discharged from the drying tower in Sp4 is introduced into the gas-liquid separation and purification recycling unit for dehydration and compression, and then returned to Sp1 as the bottom gas source, forming a fully closed-loop inert gas circulation network.

[0020] Preferably, an apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a dual-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection method includes: The pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower has a metal sintered microporous distributor fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body, and a feed inlet and a gas pressurization interface at the top of the tower body. There are no mechanical stirring components inside the tower. The first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafilter has its liquid inlet connected directly to the bottom outlet of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower through a closed pipeline with a pilot proportional valve, and its gas inlet connected to the inert gas main pipeline to introduce gas-liquid co-flow microbubbles. The two-stage gas-sweeping nanofiltration concentrator has its feed-side inlet connected to the permeate outlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit via an intermediate storage tank, and its permeate-side ends are respectively provided with a sweeping gas inlet and a sweeping gas outlet. The gas pressurization and circulation control unit is used to pressurize the inert gas and distribute it to the bottom of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower, the inlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit, and the scavenging inlet of the second-stage gas scavenging nanofiltration concentrator, and to recover the exhaust gas discharged from each component for purification and recombination.

[0021] Preferably, both the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower and the intermediate storage tank are equipped with high-precision level transmitters. The gas pressurization and circulation control unit calculates the flow rate of the material transported in the system based on the rate of change of the liquid level height fed back by the level transmitter, and adjusts the operating pressure of the inert gas delivered to each component accordingly to maintain a constant fluid shear force at the feed end of the membrane module.

[0022] Preferably, the interior of the secondary gas-sweeping nanofiltration concentrator uses a hollow fiber membrane module. The primary permeate flows through the tube side of the hollow fiber membrane, and the sweeping inert gas flows through the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane in a direction completely opposite to that of the tube side fluid.

[0023] Beneficial effects This invention provides a method and apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a dual-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. Traditional top-layer nitrogen purging cannot remove dissolved oxygen from the liquid phase, leading to Fe... 2+ It is highly susceptible to oxidation. This invention utilizes the microporous diffusion aerodynamic suspension technology in Sp1 to use micron-sized inert bubbles as "deoxygenation carriers." Through the extremely large gas-liquid contact surface area, the dissolved oxygen concentration inside the original solution is forcibly replaced to below 0.1 mg / L. Compared with existing technologies, the ferrous ion activity retention rate of the finished product is increased by more than 20%, ensuring high bioavailability of heme iron.

[0024] 2. The high-speed rotating impeller of traditional centrifugal or screw pumps generates severe local shear stress, damaging the long-chain structure of heme. This invention employs a fully pneumatic drive mode, where the power for material transport originates entirely from the static pressure gradient and aerodynamic levitation force of the inert gas, achieving zero mechanical shear throughout the entire process. This not only ensures the integrity of the spatial conformation of the product molecules but also completely eliminates the risk of air infiltration from seal failure points by eliminating the pump shaft dynamic seal, achieving a static high vacuum level for the overall system sealing.

[0025] 3. High concentrations of proteins in blood-like fluids readily form a dense gel layer on the membrane surface, making conventional filtration unsustainable. The "gas-liquid co-flow plug flow" mechanism introduced in Sp2 utilizes the micro-vortices and local pressure fluctuations generated by bubbles moving inside the membrane tube to continuously physically scour the membrane surface. This "air brush" effect dynamically inhibits protein polarization and aggregation, reducing the rate of membrane flux decay by 70%, significantly extending continuous operation cycles, and reducing the frequency of downtime for chemical cleaning.

[0026] 4. In existing technologies, the oxidation rate actually accelerates due to the increased relative concentration of residual oxygen caused by the reduction of water during the concentration stage. This invention employs a "reverse gas-sweep deoxygenation" scheme in Sp3, utilizing the hydrophobic porous support layer of the nanofiltration membrane as a microscopic mass transfer interface. Through the absolute oxygen partial pressure difference formed by the permeate-side airflow, the trace amounts of residual oxygen in the concentrate are reversely "extracted" and removed. This achieves a synergistic effect of simultaneous concentration and deoxygenation, solving the industry challenge of simultaneously achieving high purity and high stability.

[0027] 5. Multi-stage cascade systems typically suffer from large dead volumes, high material losses, and significant inert gas consumption. This invention addresses these issues by implementing Sp5 gas closed-loop control to recover and purify the exhaust gas from the terminal drying system, significantly reducing the overall cost of high-purity inert gas consumption. Utilizing pneumatic pressure differential to drive the material flow enables a sweeping propulsion of materials within the pipeline, effectively eliminating system dead volumes and achieving a product recovery rate exceeding 99%, making it particularly suitable for the production of high-value bioactive substances. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 The method composition cloud diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the process of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a topology diagram comparing the innovative dimensions of this invention; Figure 6 This is the abnormal operating condition self-healing logic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example 1: like Figure 1-6 As shown, a method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection includes the following steps: Sp1. Pneumatic suspension hemolysis and microbubble dynamic replacement: Red blood cell fluid containing anticoagulant is injected into a closed reaction tower with a microporous distributor at the bottom. High-purity inert gas with a preset pulse frequency is introduced to form a pneumatic suspension fluidized environment for cell wall disruption and hemolysis under conditions without mechanical stirring. A large number of floating micron-sized inert bubbles are used as gas-liquid mass transfer carriers to dynamically adsorb and replace free oxygen in the liquid phase, thus obtaining a hypoxic hemolysis stock solution. Sp2. Gas-phase driven and gas-liquid co-flow primary ultrafiltration: The inert gas back pressure at the top of the closed reaction tower is used as the only fluid transport power to pressurize the hypoxic hemolysinogen into the tube side of the primary ultrafiltration membrane module. At the same time, the inert gas and the raw liquid are mixed to form a gas-liquid co-flow state for ultrafiltration. The local micro-eddy shear force generated by the sliding and rupture of bubbles on the inner wall of the membrane tube is used to peel off the macromolecular globin gel layer deposited on the membrane surface in real time, retain macromolecular impurities and collect the primary permeate that permeates through the membrane pores. Sp3. Gas-sweeping two-stage nanofiltration dual-effect concentration and deoxygenation: The primary permeate is sealed and introduced into the retentive side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module for volume concentration. Simultaneously, dry, pure, inert gas is reverse-introduced into the permeate side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module to form a dynamic gas-sweeping layer. The hydrostatic pressure difference established on both sides of the nanofiltration membrane drives water molecules and inorganic salts to permeate through the membrane. At the same time, the absolute oxygen partial pressure gradient established by the permeate side gas-sweeping layer is used to reverse-extract the trace dissolved oxygen remaining in the primary permeate into the gas phase flow through the hydrophobic micropores of the nanofiltration membrane, thus obtaining deoxyheme concentrate. Sp4. Closed-loop airflow low-temperature drying: Deoxyheme concentrate is sprayed into a flash drying tower. The inert gas carrying water vapor discharged from Sp3 is used as a drying medium after condensation, dehumidification and heating. The moisture is instantly removed under an oxygen-free state to obtain highly active heme iron powder.

[0031] Sp1. Pneumatic suspension hemolysis and dynamic microbubble replacement: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, Sp1 completely eliminates the need for traditional high-speed mechanical stirring paddles to avoid the destruction of the spatial conformation of heme molecules by mechanical shear forces. Its core microscopic mechanism lies in the synergy of "microbubble fluidized shearing" and "full-depth mass transfer": Microbubble fluidized bed shearing disruption: High-purity inert gas with a purity of no less than 99.99% is broken into microbubble clusters with diameters ranging from 20 to 50 micrometers through a sintered metal microporous distributor at the bottom of the tower. When the erythrocyte fluid forms a suspended fluidized bed within the closed reaction tower, a large number of microbubbles undergo intense microscopic relative slippage under extremely high-frequency pulse action. This gas-liquid two-phase slippage generates a uniform and gentle fluid surface tension stripping effect on the erythrocyte membrane surface, causing the erythrocyte membrane to rupture naturally and release heme, perfectly replacing the macroscopic physical tearing caused by mechanical impellers.

[0032] Full-depth mass transfer mechanism: Traditional processes only cover the liquid surface with inert gas, failing to remove dissolved oxygen from the liquid phase. In this invention, a high-density microbubble cluster provides an extremely large gas-liquid contact surface area during its ascent. According to Henry's Law's concentration gradient diffusion principle, the high concentration of free oxygen deep within the liquid phase rapidly crosses the gas-liquid interface, undergoing mass transfer and diffusion into the absolutely oxygen-free space inside the microbubbles, and is then discharged as the bubbles rise.

[0033] Key operating parameters: In the early stage of hemolysis (the first 15 to 20 minutes), the system uses high-frequency pulse air intake to enhance fluidized shear cell disruption; in the later stage of hemolysis (the last 20 minutes), as a large number of red blood cells rupture, causing a decrease in local liquid viscosity, the system automatically switches to low-frequency constant flow air intake based on feedback from the online viscometer, in order to prolong the residence time of microbubbles in the liquid phase and force the dissolved oxygen concentration of the hypoxic hemolysis stock solution to be reduced to below 0.1 mg / L.

[0034] Sp2. Gas-phase driven and gas-liquid co-flow primary ultrafiltration: Fully static drive using pneumatic pumps: This step does not use any mechanical circulation pumps. Power comes entirely from the back pressure of the inert gas at the top of the sealed reaction tower (controlled between 0.2 MPa and 0.4 MPa). The hypoxic hemolysing solution smoothly enters the ultrafiltration membrane under the pure gas phase static pressure, completely eliminating the secondary shearing damage caused by the centrifugal pump impeller and the potential for trace oxygen leakage at the pump shaft mechanical seal.

[0035] The microscopic mechanism of slug flow cleaning in gas-liquid co-flow: The extractant and a specific volumetric flow rate of inert gas are premixed before entering the ultrafiltration membrane tube, with the gas-liquid phase volumetric flow rate ratio precisely controlled within the range of 1:3 to 1:2. At this time, the fluid inside the membrane tube exhibits an alternating flow pattern of liquid (liquid plug) and gas (gas plug) (i.e., slug flow). When the liquid plug passes through, normal permeate separation occurs; immediately afterward, the gas plug passes through, and an extremely thin liquid film is formed between the gas bubble and the inner wall of the membrane tube, inducing strong micro-vortices (Taylor vortices) at the tail of the gas bubble. The high-frequency local shear force generated by this micro-vortex acts like a "pneumatic brush," which can forcibly peel off the macromolecular globin gel layer deposited on the membrane surface in real time and dynamically, causing it to resuspend and be carried away by the next liquid plug, thus achieving uninterrupted online physical anti-clogging cleaning.

[0036] Sp3. Air-sweeping two-stage nanofiltration dual-effect concentration and deoxygenation: This step is the core of overcoming the industry's technical prejudice that "the concentration process, due to the reduction in volume, leads to an increase in the relative concentration of dissolved oxygen, making it extremely easy for secondary oxidation to occur": The three-phase mass transfer interface of the asymmetric membrane: The secondary nanofiltration membrane employs a specific hydrophilic-hydrophobic asymmetric composite hollow fiber membrane. The inner wall facing the primary permeate is a hydrophilic dense skin layer, used to retain heme and allow excess water and inorganic salt ions to pass through; while the outer shell facing away from the liquid is a hydrophobic porous support layer. Due to the hydrophobic effect, liquid water cannot enter this porous support layer, which provides a dry "gas channel" for inert gas sweeping.

[0037] Dual-effect coupling kinetics: Simultaneously with nanofiltration concentration and dehydration, an absolutely dry and oxygen-free high-purity inert gas is counter-currently introduced into the shell side (the porous support layer side). Since the oxygen partial pressure in the shell side approaches zero, a huge oxygen partial pressure gradient is established across the nanofiltration membrane. The extremely small amount of residual dissolved oxygen in the primary permeate is strongly "drawn" by this pressure gradient, passing through the hydrophobic micropores and being carried away by the sweeping gas flow. This achieves a dual-effect dynamic coupling of "forward pressure filtration of water molecules" and "reverse gas sweeping extraction of oxygen molecules," ensuring that heme remains in a safe environment of absolute zero oxygen even when concentrated to a high concentration.

[0038] Automatic control logic of the system. Compensation algorithm based on proportional-integral-derivative (PID) equations: Since mechanical pumps have been eliminated, the feed flow rate of each membrane module depends on the relative gas pressure difference between the containers. The system dynamically adjusts the opening of each pneumatic proportional valve in the gas booster control unit by collecting high-precision liquid level change rates (i.e., the first derivative of the flow rate) from each intermediate tank and using the proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm of the central controller (i.e., conventional closed-loop negative feedback regulation logic). When a decrease in the permeate flux of a certain membrane stage is detected (the liquid level decrease slows down), the controller automatically increases the inert gas back pressure of the upstream container and simultaneously increases the pulse frequency of the slug flow inlet channel to physically restore the flux, without the need for manual intervention or chemical cleaning agents. Specific Implementation Example 2: like Figure 1-6 As shown, an apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a dual-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection includes: The pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower has a metal sintered microporous distributor fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body, and a feed inlet and a gas pressurization interface at the top of the tower body. There are no mechanical stirring components inside the tower. The first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafilter has its liquid inlet connected directly to the bottom outlet of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower through a closed pipeline with a pilot proportional valve, and its gas inlet connected to the inert gas main pipeline to introduce gas-liquid co-flow microbubbles. The two-stage gas-sweeping nanofiltration concentrator has its feed-side inlet connected to the permeate outlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit via an intermediate storage tank, and its permeate-side ends are respectively provided with a sweeping gas inlet and a sweeping gas outlet. The gas pressurization and circulation control unit is used to pressurize the inert gas and distribute it to the bottom of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower, the inlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit, and the scavenging inlet of the second-stage gas scavenging nanofiltration concentrator, and to recover the exhaust gas discharged from each component for purification and recombination.

[0040] Internal structure of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower: The pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower of this invention adopts a vertical cylindrical structure, the core of which lies in the metal sintered microporous distributor integrated at the bottom. This distributor is made of multiple layers of 316L stainless steel fiber felt sintered at high temperature, and its micropore size distribution exhibits significant asymmetry. The inner layer is a large-pore support layer, and the outermost layer is a fine-pore control layer (pore size 10-20 micrometers) with a thickness of 2-5 mm. The effective gas distribution area of ​​the distributor accounts for more than 85% of the tower's cross-sectional area, ensuring that the bubbles completely cover the entire liquid phase during their ascent. A gas pressurization port is located at the top of the tower, which not only replaces air but, more importantly, acts as a "pneumatic piston" for the system, precisely controlling the initial kinetic energy of the material's downstream transport by adjusting the static pressure of the top cavitation.

[0041] Dynamic fluid-induced structure of a primary gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit: This component is not a simple membrane tube; its inlet end integrates a three-way gas-liquid coupling nozzle. The liquid phase channel of this nozzle is at a 45-degree angle to the gas phase channel, allowing the inert gas entering the ultrafiltration membrane tube to be cut into regular gas segments by the liquid flow. Internally, a hollow fiber membrane with a wide channel inner diameter (≥1.5 mm) is used to accommodate the formation of slug flow. This wide-channel structure, combined with alternating gas-liquid impact, generates stronger wall shear force, thereby physically peeling off the protein layer. This is the hardware basis for achieving the "online peeling" function claimed in the claims.

[0042] The reverse extraction structure of a two-stage gas-scan nanofiltration concentrator: This concentrator employs a shell-and-tube structure, with a design focus on optimizing flow resistance in the shell-side flow path. The scavenging gas inlet is located near the concentrate outlet, while the scavenging gas outlet is located near the feed inlet, ensuring perfect counter-current convection between the gas and liquid phases on the inner and outer sides of the hollow fiber membrane. Micro-swirling guide vanes are incorporated between the hollow fiber membrane filaments inside the shell, forcing the scavenging inert gas to advance in a spiral pattern within the shell. This structural detail significantly extends the scavenging path of the gas phase on the membrane surface, increasing the residence time for dissolved oxygen diffusion, thereby ensuring efficient mass transfer for "deep deoxygenation" at the hardware level.

[0043] Automation control module and sensor deployment logic: The device's intelligence is demonstrated through the logical coupling of sensors: The level-pressure linkage system: High-precision level transmitters are vertically installed in both the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower and the intermediate storage tank. The device's PLC control unit has a built-in flow estimation model. When the system detects that the rate of change of the level transmitter A deviates from the preset curve, it determines that the first-stage ultrafiltration flux is blocked. The control unit then instructs the gas pressurization and circulation control unit to instantaneously increase the pulse gas pressure by 10%-15%, using pneumatic impact force to unblock the membrane pores in situ. This linkage structure of "using gas instead of electricity and pressure to regulate flow" is a key feature that distinguishes this device from conventional pumping devices.

[0044] Closed-loop details of the gas boosting and recirculation control unit: This unit is not only a power source but also a sophisticated biochemical protection station. It integrates a condenser and a molecular adsorption bed. The exhaust gas (carrying oxygen and water vapor) exiting from the scavenging outlet passes through the molecular adsorption bed before entering the compressor. This adsorption bed is filled with a deoxygenation catalyst, which reduces the oxygen content in the gas stream back to below 5 ppm. This closed-loop design ensures that the unit requires very little external replenishment of high-purity inert gas during continuous operation, while maintaining a consistently slightly positive pressure within the system. This guarantees that even with minor damage to the pipeline seals, only gas leakage will occur, with absolutely no oxygen infiltration.

[0045] This device establishes a dynamic deoxygenation barrier through the aforementioned specific pneumatic component layout. Specifically, the hemolysis tower is responsible for deep oxygen removal, the ultrafiltration unit for physical oxygen isolation, and the nanofiltration unit for reverse oxygen extraction. This multi-layered pneumatic coupling structure works together to solve the long-standing problem of coexisting oxidation and shear damage in the extraction of bioactive substances. Specific Implementation Example 3: like Figure 1-6 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed: Device and system structure: Structural and fluidization details of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower: Structural parameters: The preferred length-to-diameter ratio of the tower body is 3:1 to 5:1 to ensure sufficient upward path and residence time for microbubbles in the liquid phase. The inner wall of the tower is electrochemically polished, with a surface roughness Ra≤0.4μm to prevent blood proteins from adhering to the wall. Micropore distributor details: It uses sintered porous titanium alloy material with a gradient pore size distribution (inner layer pore size 50 micrometers, outer layer pore size 10 micrometers). This design reduces airflow resistance and precisely cuts high-purity inert bubbles with a diameter of 20-50 micrometers. Bubbles of this size have a large specific surface area and a moderate buoyancy, which can form a uniform gas-liquid suspension fluidized layer without causing violent liquid turbulence (avoiding macroscopic mechanical shear).

[0047] Piping and Gas-Liquid Mixing Details of the First-Stage Gas-Liquid Co-flow Ultrafiltration Unit: A Venturi-type gas-liquid mixing chamber is installed between the inlet and the pilot-operated proportional valve. Inert gas is injected tangentially from the throat of the Venturi tube, instantly mixing with the hypoxic hemolysing solution. Membrane Module Selection: Modified polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of 30kDa-50kDa are used. The modification process introduces hydrophilic polyethylene glycol segments, which inherently possess a certain degree of antifouling ability. Combined with subsequent gas-liquid physical flushing, excellent anti-clogging effect is achieved.

[0048] The porous layer mass transfer detail of the secondary gas-sweeped nanofiltration concentrator features an asymmetric composite membrane structure: the internal hollow fiber membrane consists of two layers, inner and outer. The inner surface, in contact with the primary permeate, is a dense polyamide separation layer (pore size approximately 1-6 nm, used to retain heme and allow inorganic saline to pass through); the outer surface (shell side) is a hydrophobic porous support layer of polyvinylidene fluoride. The gas-sweeped mass transfer channel: the hydrophobic porous layer not only provides mechanical support, but its microporous system naturally repels liquid water while allowing free gas permeation. This provides a continuous three-phase (solid-liquid-gas) interface for the diffusion of trace amounts of dissolved oxygen to the gas-sweeped side.

[0049] Operation process and control logic: The operation procedure and system determination method for "pulse deoxygenation and cell disruption" in Sp1: The gas pressurization and circulation control unit controls the solenoid valve to inject high-purity nitrogen gas (99.999%) into the bottom of the tower in the form of square wave pulses ("open for 3 seconds, close for 1 second"). Rheological adaptive adjustment: A miniature online viscometer is installed inside the tower. In the early stage of hemolysis, when the rupture of red blood cells releases contents causing a local increase in viscosity, the system automatically increases the pulse frequency to "open for 1 second, close for 0.5 seconds" to enhance the local shear force of microbubbles and accelerate cell disruption; when the viscosity tends to stabilize (indicating that hemolysis is basically complete), the system resumes low-frequency pulses and switches to a pure deep deoxygenation mode.

[0050] The operating mechanism and system control logic of "gas-liquid co-flow (slug flow)" in Sp2: The pilot-operated proportional valve dynamically mixes the fluid according to the set gas-liquid flow ratio (preferably 1:3). At this time, the fluid entering the membrane tube presents alternating "liquid plugs" and "air plugs". Cleaning mechanism determination: When the liquid plug flows over the membrane surface, normal ultrafiltration permeation occurs; then the air plug passes through, and the strong slippage at the gas-liquid interface not only breaks the concentration polarization layer on the membrane surface, but the micro-vortex generated at its tail also acts like an "air brush", forcibly peeling off the newly attached globin gel layer, which is then carried away by the next liquid plug, achieving uninterrupted online physical cleaning.

[0051] The ultimate innovation of this system lies in the complete elimination of the delivery pump. Its material flow is driven entirely by pneumatic pressure differential. The judgment and adjustment scheme involves high-precision level transmitters A and B sending liquid level heights h1 and h2 to the central controller in real time at millisecond frequencies. The controller calculates the liquid level drop rate Δh1 / Δt, which is the current feed flow rate for the first-stage ultrafiltration unit. If the flow rate falls below a set threshold, the controller increases the gas back pressure at the top of the hemolysis tower via a booster valve, thereby increasing the transmembrane pressure differential and restoring the flux. Similarly, the gas pressure in the intermediate storage tank is controlled and regulated to drive the material flow smoothly into the second-stage nanofiltration concentrator, without any mechanical impeller damage throughout the process.

[0052] Mass transfer kinetics control input / output control for "reverse gas-sweeping deoxygenation" in Sp3: The flow rate on the tube side (feed side) is set to 0.5-1.0 m / s, and the high-purity nitrogen flow rate on the shell side (sweeping side) is set to 5-10 m / s, with both flows strictly maintaining a 180° countercurrent. Deoxygenation determination scheme: Since the oxygen partial pressure in high-purity nitrogen is close to zero, according to Henry's Law, the trace amounts of free oxygen remaining in the liquid phase will continuously pass through the hydrophobic support layer of the asymmetric composite membrane under the drive of a strong concentration gradient, enter the shell side, and be carried away by the high-speed gas flow. The system detects the trace oxygen concentration change at the sweeping gas outlet; when the exhaust oxygen concentration is below 10 ppm, the system determines that the deoxygenation depth has met the standard.

[0053] Data processing and key parameter constraints: System static pressure maintenance: From Sp1 to Sp4, the gauge pressure at the lowest point of the system (excluding the vacuum drying section) is consistently maintained within a slightly positive pressure range of 0.05MPa to 0.15MPa. This data processing logic utilizes a closed-loop PID control system, combining the back pressure valve at the exhaust end with a pressure sensor, to ensure absolute blockage of outside air. Gas consumption and energy consumption conversion logic: The purification tank within the gas pressurization and circulation control unit employs the pressure swing adsorption principle to dry and deoxygenate the exhaust gas that has absorbed trace amounts of oxygen and water vapor. The system determines that the exhaust gas recovery rate is set to ≥85%, requiring only 15% fresh gas replenishment, significantly reducing the overall cost of industrial operation. Specific Implementation Example 4: like Figure 1-6 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the working principle of this solution is further explained as follows: The core of this solution lies in breaking away from the outdated thinking of "pumping + isolation" and instead constructing a coupled system with inert gas as the energy and mass carrier throughout the entire process.

[0055] Pneumatic suspension—the principle of non-destructive hemolysis and deep deoxygenation: In the traditional hemolysis process, the mechanical agitator physically cuts the red blood cells like a lawnmower, causing the heme molecular chains to break.

[0056] Working principle: This scheme utilizes a metal sintered microporous distributor at the bottom of the tower to cut high-pressure inert gas into hundreds of millions of micron-sized bubbles. These bubbles form a dynamic "pneumatic suspension bed" as they rise.

[0057] Microscopic Mechanism – Gentle Cell Disruption: As microbubbles rise in the liquid, they generate localized slip shear forces. These forces are sufficient to stretch and rupture red blood cell membranes, but the intensity is far below the damage threshold of heme molecules, thus achieving complete extraction of the active ingredients.

[0058] Deep displacement: Based on Henry's Law, since the interior of microbubbles is absolutely oxygen-free while the liquid phase contains dissolved oxygen, the huge oxygen partial pressure gradient forces free oxygen in the liquid phase to diffuse into the bubble and be expelled with the bubble. This solves the problem of traditional processes that "only prevent surface oxygen, but not deep oxygen".

[0059] Gas-liquid co-flow—the dynamic "air brush" anti-pollution principle: Membrane fouling (especially of the protein gel layer) is a major problem in heme extraction. Traditional methods rely on increasing pump pressure to force fouling, which only results in further clogging of the membrane and higher energy consumption.

[0060] Working principle: In the first stage of ultrafiltration, we introduced gas-liquid co-flow plug flow technology.

[0061] Microscopic mechanism – physical stripping: The fluid entering the membrane tube is not a continuous liquid, but rather an alternating liquid and gas segment. When the gas plug passes through the membrane surface, the strong frictional force at the gas-liquid interface and the micro-vortex at the tail of the gas plug act like an "invisible air brush," instantly detaching the globin gel layer that has just been deposited on the membrane surface.

[0062] Flux maintenance: This dynamic flushing keeps the membrane surface relatively clean at all times, eliminating the need for shutdown for chemical cleaning, thus enabling long-term continuous and stable production at extremely high protein concentrations.

[0063] Reverse gas sweep – the principle of secondary deoxygenation driven by partial pressure: During secondary nanofiltration concentration, as the liquid phase volume decreases, the concentration of residual oxygen will undergo a "concentration effect," leading to accelerated oxidation.

[0064] Working principle: We utilize the characteristics of asymmetric composite membranes to introduce high-speed flowing dry inert gas into the permeation side (outer shell side) of the membrane.

[0065] Microscopic mechanism – transmembrane extraction: This is a two-way mass transfer process. Water permeates from the inside to the outside under pressure, while trace amounts of residual oxygen in the liquid phase diffuse counter-currently into the gas phase through the membrane pores under the attraction of the "zero oxygen partial pressure" formed by the high-speed gas flow in the shell side.

[0066] Synergistic effect: This step achieves simultaneous "concentration" and "secondary deep deoxygenation". It not only removes water, but also completely eliminates any remaining potential hazards to the product's activity.

[0067] Static differential pressure transport – zero shear and zero leakage logic The most significant visual feature of this design is that the entire system has no mechanical pumps.

[0068] Driving Logic – Gas-Powered Pumps: The flow of materials relies entirely on the relative air pressure difference between the various containers. For example, by increasing the air pressure at the top of the hemolysis tower, the material is gently "pressed" into the next stage membrane module.

[0069] System safety: The shaft seal of a mechanical pump is a common weak point for air infiltration. By eliminating the mechanical pump, the system forms a micro-positive pressure closed loop composed entirely of static seals. Even if the seals show slight aging, only internal nitrogen will escape, with absolutely no external oxygen entering.

[0070] The principle of "nerve reflex" in control systems: To ensure that pneumatic conveying is as precise as a mechanical pump, the system incorporates an adaptive control algorithm.

[0071] Closed-loop feedback – Judgment criteria: The system monitors the rate of liquid level change in each tank in real time. If the system detects that the liquid level is decreasing more slowly, it will use an algorithm to determine that "membrane resistance is increasing".

[0072] Automatic compensation: The PLC automatically increases the intake pulse frequency of the corresponding node to enhance the force of the "air brush" to remove membrane fouling, or fine-tunes the back pressure to compensate for flux loss. This logic simulates the flexibility of manual operation, but with a response speed in the millisecond range.

[0073] In summary, this approach is essentially a deep hybridization of fluid mechanics and biochemical protection. It no longer treats inert gases as mere "bodyguards," but rather as the "blood" and "skeleton" of the entire system. Through precise control of bubble diameter, gas phase pressure, and pulse frequency, it achieves the industrial-scale continuous preparation of high-purity, highly active heme iron. Specific Implementation Example 5: like Figure 1-6 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed, and specific use cases are provided below: A case study of large-scale production of highly active heme iron by a biopharmaceutical company: 1. Initial background and material input: Production target: Extract Fe from the finished product 2+ High-purity heme iron powder with a content ≥95%. Starting material: Fresh porcine red blood cell fluid after centrifugation, with a hematocrit of approximately 40% and an initial dissolved oxygen concentration of 6.8 mg / L. Environmental settings: The system is fully enclosed, pre-purified with 99.999% high-purity nitrogen for pressure purging, and the internal gauge pressure is maintained at 0.05 MPa (slight positive pressure).

[0075] 2. First stage: Pneumatic suspension hemolysis and deep initial deoxygenation (Sp1): Operational Details: The operator activates the gas pressurization unit, injecting high-frequency pulsed nitrogen gas into the bottom of the hemolysis tower. Parameter Settings: Pulse frequency 15Hz, duration 30 minutes. Operating Status: Observation through the sight glass shows that the material inside the tower exhibits uniform fluidization and tumbling under the action of microbubbles. Judgment Logic: The online viscometer on the sidewall of the hemolysis tower detects that the material viscosity reaches its peak at 15 minutes and then begins to decline steadily. The system determines that the cell wall disruption is basically complete. Data Output: At this time, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the hemolyzed stock solution is measured, decreasing from 6.8 mg / L to 0.07 mg / L. Technical Explanation: This method utilizes the surface tension of bubbles for "non-destructive cell wall disruption" and leverages Henry's Law to achieve deep deoxygenation.

[0076] 3. Second stage: Gas pressure driven and gas-liquid co-flow primary ultrafiltration (Sp2): Operational Details: The system shuts off the bottom gas inlet and instead pressurizes the top of the column to 0.35 MPa via the interface. Operating Status: Material flows out through the pilot-operated proportional valve under static pressure. At this time, nitrogen is introduced into the system from the port at a gas-liquid ratio of 1:3. Core Mechanism: The mixed fluid enters the first-stage ultrafiltration unit, forming a clear slug flow (alternating gas and liquid sections). System Intervention Case: After 4 hours of operation, the level transmitter indicated a slower rate of liquid level decline in the column (meaning a decrease in flux). The PLC determined this to be protein adhesion on the membrane surface and automatically increased the nitrogen inlet frequency to 20 Hz instantaneously, generating a stronger "air brush" shear force. Result: After 3 minutes, the liquid level decline rate returned to normal, successfully achieving online physical cleaning without shutdown.

[0077] 4. Third stage: Reverse gas sweep deep deoxygenation and cascade concentration (Sp3): Operational Details: After the primary permeate enters the intermediate tank, the system uses a residual pressure of 0.2 MPa to push it into the tube side of the secondary nanofiltration concentrator. Bidirectional Mass Transfer: Forward: Water molecules permeate through the filter membrane under pressure differential. Reverse: Dry nitrogen is simultaneously introduced from the scavenging inlet at a flow rate of 8 m / s. Operating Conditions: As the concentration factor increases, the heme concentration in the material rises from 2% to 18%. Technical Explanation: At this point, even though the concentration process leads to a relatively concentrated residual oxygen, because the shell side (gas scavenging side) always maintains a zero oxygen partial pressure gradient, trace amounts of oxygen are continuously "drawn" away in the reverse direction. Data Output: The final dissolved oxygen content of the concentrate is undetectable (below the detection limit of 0.01 mg / L).

[0078] 5. Fourth stage: Closed-loop drying and gas reuse (Sp4 / Sp5): Operational Details: The final concentrate enters the flash drying tower. The hot exhaust gas (containing nitrogen, trace amounts of oxygen, and water vapor) from the drying tower enters the purification tank. Judgment Logic: The oxygen sensor in the purification tank detects fluctuations in oxygen content. The system activates molecular adsorption to raise the purity of the recovered nitrogen back to 99.99%, then repressurizes and sends it back to the bottom of the hemolysis tower. Results: Throughout the entire production cycle, the external supply of high-purity nitrogen accounts for only 12% of the total circulation volume, significantly reducing production costs.

[0079] 6. Comparison of final output data: The table below shows a real comparison between the solution of this invention and the company's original "mechanical pumping + conventional nitrogen covering" process:

[0080] 7. The purpose of the invention as demonstrated in this case: This case demonstrates that the present invention solves the problem of shear damage by replacing the pump with pneumatic pressure, solves membrane fouling by online slug flow flushing, and solves the persistent problem of concentration oxidation by reverse pneumatic sweeping. This is not merely a single equipment improvement, but a systematic solution for the extraction of bioactive substances in a completely closed-loop system. Specific Implementation Example Six: like Figure 1-6 As shown, based on the content of the above specific embodiments, the following content is further disclosed, and specific use cases are provided below: Case study of adaptive extraction process for high-viscosity bovine erythrocyte fluid: 1. Experimental background and material properties: Material: Bovine erythrocyte fluid collected from slaughterhouses. Characteristic Analysis: The initial apparent viscosity of this batch of material was determined to be 1.4 times that of pig blood. The erythrocytes exhibited lower fragility (more difficult to break) and carried significantly different levels of endogenous dissolved oxygen. Process Objective: To maintain extraction efficiency and Fe content consistent with pig blood without increasing mechanical shear. 2+ active.

[0082] 2.Sp1: Initial settings for adaptive pulsed hemolysis process: The system starts at the default pulse frequency (15Hz). Adaptive adjustment: The online viscometer in the hemolysis tower detects a viscosity significantly higher than the baseline value. The control unit automatically activates the "high viscosity mode," instantly increasing the intake pulse frequency of the bottom distributor from 15Hz to 25Hz and increasing the peak gas phase pressure by 20%. Technical effect: The microbubble kinetic energy generated by the high-frequency pulse effectively overcomes the resistance of the high-viscosity fluid, achieving over 99% red blood cell disruption within 40 minutes. Data feedback: Dissolved oxygen concentration decreased from 7.5 mg / L to 0.05 mg / L.

[0083] 3. Sp2: Differential pressure pump delivery based on flow feedback (adaptive ultrafiltration): Control Logic Application: Due to the high concentration of bovine blood protein, a dense polarization layer easily forms on the membrane surface of the primary ultrafiltration unit. Dynamic Adjustment Process: After 2 hours of operation, the level transmitter recorded a decrease in the rate of liquid level drop (i.e., feed flow rate) from 50 L / h to 35 L / h. Judgment: The PLC determined that the transmembrane pressure difference had increased, indicating membrane pore blockage. Execution: The system automatically increased the back pressure at the interface at the top of the hemolysis tower from 0.3 MPa to 0.42 MPa in steps, while simultaneously adjusting the gas-liquid ratio at end 202 from 1:3 to 1:1.5. Technical Effect: Significantly enhanced the scouring force of gas plugs in the "gas-liquid slug flow". Observation records showed that the feed flow rate recovered to 48 L / h after 5 minutes, successfully achieving flux self-recovery without cleaning the membrane module.

[0084] 4. Sp3: Reverse gas sweep deep deoxygenation based on oxygen concentration feedback: Operational Details: During the concentration process, an online trace oxygen detector is installed at the scavenging gas outlet of the secondary nanofiltration concentrator. Closed-Loop Regulation: When the oxygen concentration at the scavenging gas outlet exceeds the preset alarm value (50 ppm), the system determines that liquid-phase concentration has led to accelerated residual oxygen precipitation. Execution: The system automatically increases the nitrogen flow rate at the scavenging gas inlet by 50% to increase the turbulent Reynolds number in the shell side and enhance mass transfer efficiency. Final Output: The final heme iron concentrate has a solids content of 22%, and there is no oxidation or discoloration throughout the process.

[0085] 5. Comparison of experimental data (bovine blood extraction process):

[0086] This embodiment clearly demonstrates that the apparatus and method of the present invention possess significant parameter self-adaptation capabilities. The closed-loop system formed by the liquid level, viscosity, and oxygen concentration sensors and the pneumatic control unit in the apparatus can automatically match the optimal pneumatic driving force and gas-liquid ratio for biomaterials with different physical properties. This self-adaptability not only solves the problem of difficult extraction of high-viscosity biofluids but also proves that the present invention has extremely high robustness and stability in industrial-scale applications, completely eliminating the dependence on the experience of skilled operators.

[0087] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0088] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Sp1. Pneumatic suspension hemolysis and microbubble dynamic replacement: Red blood cell fluid containing anticoagulant is injected into a closed reaction tower with a microporous distributor at the bottom. High-purity inert gas with a preset pulse frequency is introduced to form a pneumatic suspension fluidized environment for cell wall disruption and hemolysis under conditions without mechanical stirring. A large number of floating micron-sized inert bubbles are used as gas-liquid mass transfer carriers to dynamically adsorb and replace free oxygen in the liquid phase, thus obtaining a hypoxic hemolysis stock solution. Sp2. Gas-phase driven and gas-liquid co-flow primary ultrafiltration: The inert gas back pressure at the top of the closed reaction tower is used as the only fluid transport power to pressurize the hypoxic hemolysinogen into the tube side of the primary ultrafiltration membrane module. At the same time, the inert gas and the raw liquid are mixed to form a gas-liquid co-flow state for ultrafiltration. The local micro-eddy shear force generated by the sliding and rupture of bubbles on the inner wall of the membrane tube is used to peel off the macromolecular globin gel layer deposited on the membrane surface in real time, retain macromolecular impurities and collect the primary permeate that permeates through the membrane pores. Sp3. Gas-sweeping two-stage nanofiltration dual-effect concentration and deoxygenation: The primary permeate is sealed and introduced into the retentive side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module for volume concentration. Simultaneously, dry, pure, inert gas is reverse-introduced into the permeate side of the secondary nanofiltration membrane module to form a dynamic gas-sweeping layer. The hydrostatic pressure difference established on both sides of the nanofiltration membrane drives water molecules and inorganic salts to permeate through the membrane. At the same time, the absolute oxygen partial pressure gradient established by the permeate side gas-sweeping layer is used to reverse-extract the trace dissolved oxygen remaining in the primary permeate into the gas phase flow through the hydrophobic micropores of the nanofiltration membrane, thus obtaining deoxyheme concentrate. Sp4. Closed-loop airflow low-temperature drying: Deoxyheme concentrate is sprayed into a flash drying tower. The inert gas carrying water vapor discharged from Sp3 is used as a drying medium after condensation, dehumidification and heating. The moisture is instantly removed under an oxygen-free state to obtain highly active heme iron powder.

2. The method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Sp1, the pulse frequency of the high-purity inert gas introduced is adaptively adjusted according to the real-time viscosity of the red blood cell fluid. In the initial stage of red blood cell wall disruption, when the viscosity rises, high-frequency pulse gas is used to enhance fluidized shear disruption. In the later stage of hemolysis, when the viscosity decreases, low-frequency constant flow gas is switched to extend the residence time of microbubbles in the liquid phase for deoxygenation.

3. The method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In Sp2, the gas-liquid co-flow state entering the primary ultrafiltration membrane module is controlled with a flow ratio of gas phase volume to liquid phase volume between 1:5 and 1:2 to ensure the formation of a stable slug flow pattern within the membrane tube for physical cleaning.

4. The method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the Sp3, the secondary nanofiltration membrane module adopts a hydrophilic-hydrophobic composite membrane with an asymmetric structure. The skin layer in contact with the primary permeate is a hydrophilic nanofiltration separation layer used to retain heme macromolecules, and the support layer facing away from the primary permeate is a hydrophobic porous layer used to block liquid water permeation and provide oxygen partial pressure mass transfer channels.

5. The method for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas discharged from the drying tower in Sp4 is introduced into the gas-liquid separation and purification recycling unit for dehydration and compression, and then it is returned to Sp1 as the bottom gas source, forming a fully closed inert gas circulation network.

6. The apparatus for extracting heme iron based on a double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower has a metal sintered microporous distributor fixedly installed at the bottom of the tower body, and a feed inlet and a gas pressurization interface at the top of the tower body. There are no mechanical stirring components inside the tower. The first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafilter has its liquid inlet connected directly to the bottom outlet of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower through a closed pipeline with a pilot proportional valve, and its gas inlet connected to the inert gas main pipeline to introduce gas-liquid co-flow microbubbles. The two-stage gas-sweeping nanofiltration concentrator has its feed-side inlet connected to the permeate outlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit via an intermediate storage tank, and its permeate-side ends are respectively provided with a sweeping gas inlet and a sweeping gas outlet. The gas pressurization and circulation control unit is used to pressurize the inert gas and distribute it to the bottom of the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower, the inlet of the first-stage gas-liquid co-flow ultrafiltration unit, and the scavenging inlet of the second-stage gas scavenging nanofiltration concentrator, and to recover the exhaust gas discharged from each component for purification and recombination.

7. The heme iron extraction device based on double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both the pneumatic suspension hemolysis tower and the intermediate storage tank are equipped with high-precision level transmitters. The gas pressurization and circulation control unit calculates the flow rate of the material transported in the system based on the rate of change of liquid level height fed back by the level transmitter, and adjusts the operating pressure of the inert gas delivered to each component accordingly to maintain a constant fluid shear force at the feed end of the membrane module.

8. The heme iron extraction device based on double-membrane cascade and oxygen isolation protection according to claim 6, characterized in that: The internal structure of the secondary gas-sweeping nanofiltration concentrator uses a hollow fiber membrane module. The primary permeate flows through the tube side of the hollow fiber membrane, while the sweeping inert gas flows through the shell side of the hollow fiber membrane in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the tube side fluid.

Images