System and method for detecting overvoltage quantum in combination with a rydberg atom antenna

Abstract

This invention provides an overvoltage quantum detection system and method for Rydberg atom antenna combined electrical appliances, relating to the field of overvoltage condition detection technology for power equipment. The detection system includes: a main control device, a transmission optical fiber, and multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors; wherein, the main control device is used to generate detection and coupling lasers; the transmission optical fiber connects the main control device and the overvoltage Rydberg sensors, and is used to transmit the detection and coupling lasers; the multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-shaped connection point of the combined electrical appliance under test, and are used to sense the internal electric field signal of the combined electrical appliance under test based on the electromagnetically induced transparency effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon; the main control device is also used to determine the fault location of the combined electrical appliance under overvoltage conditions based on the internal electric field signal sensed by the multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors and the sensing time. This invention improves the accuracy of overvoltage fault location.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of overvoltage condition detection technology for power equipment, and in particular to an overvoltage quantum detection system and method for a Rydberg atomic antenna combination appliance. Background Technology

[0002] Combined electrical equipment (GEO) is an important power grid substation equipment, widely used in high-voltage, ultra-high-voltage, and extra-high-voltage substations. It integrates a series of crucial components such as high-voltage busbars, circuit breakers, disconnectors, grounding switches, and current transformers. The safe operation of GEO directly impacts the reliability of the power grid. Overvoltages within GEO primarily arise from lightning strikes and ultra-fast transient overvoltages caused by switch operation and grounding faults.

[0003] Very Fast Transient Overvoltage (VFTO) generates high-frequency oscillating overvoltages ranging from hundreds of kilohertz to tens of megahertz. The amplitude of a VFTO can reach 2-3 times the rated voltage, and its wavefront time is extremely short (nanosecond level), potentially causing breakdown or surface flashover at weak points in the insulation of GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear). Frequent VFTOs (such as during disconnector operation) can lead to insulation aging and reduced equipment lifespan. Measurement can quantify overvoltage characteristics and optimize insulation design. The high-frequency oscillations (MHz level) of VFTOs can induce partial discharges, which, over time, can cause faults. Measurement data can be used for fault early warning and condition-based maintenance. High-frequency components can cause ground potential elevation, threatening secondary equipment (such as sensors and control circuits). The high-frequency components of VFTOs can be transmitted to the transformer through bushings, causing inter-turn insulation stress.

[0004] Existing overvoltage measurements require wideband sensors (such as capacitive voltage dividers and Rogowski coils) and high-speed recording equipment (bandwidth ≥ 100MHz), which mainly suffer from poor electromagnetic compatibility, insufficient measurement accuracy, insufficient measurement bandwidth, and poor resilience. The high-frequency high-voltage signal generated instantaneously during a VFTO (Voltage-Fault-Total Voltage) event can significantly impact the sensor and measurement system, even damaging the system. Therefore, a stable and highly accurate overvoltage detection solution is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an overvoltage quantum detection system and method for a Rydberg atomic antenna combination device, in order to solve the problem of how to improve the stability of overvoltage detection performance and increase measurement accuracy.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an overvoltage quantum detection system for a Rydberg atomic antenna combination device, comprising: a main control device, a transmission optical fiber, and multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors; The main control device is used to generate detection lasers and coupling lasers, and to process optical signals; The transmission optical fiber connects the main control device and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and is used to transmit the detection laser and coupled laser to the overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and to return the modulated detection laser signal to the main control device. Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-connection point of the switch under test, for sensing the internal electric field signal of the switch under test based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon. The main control device is also used to determine the location of the fault point of the combined electrical appliance under overvoltage conditions based on the internal electric field signal and sensing time of the combined electrical appliance sensed by multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the main control device includes: a detection light source, a coupling light source, a detection light splitter, a coupling light splitter, a dichroic mirror array, a photodiode array, a digital acquisition card, and a controller. The dichroic mirror array is used to combine multiple probe beams and coupling beams and then export them through the transmission optical fiber. The photodiode array and the digital acquisition card are used to receive and acquire the detection light signals returned from multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors and convert them into electrical signals. The controller is used to control the operation of the detection light source, the coupling light source, and the digital acquisition card, and to determine whether the electrical combination device under test has overvoltage based on the electrical signals corresponding to each overvoltage Rydberg sensor.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the overvoltage Rydberg sensor includes: a metal housing, two internal optical fibers, an intermediate electrode plate, a Rydberg gas chamber, an optical fiber sealing plug, and an optical fiber connector. The fiber optic connector is connected to two internal optical fibers and is used to introduce and export probe light and coupling light into and out of the Reedburg gas cell. The intermediate electrode plate forms a capacitor with the metal casing and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test, thereby dividing the voltage between the metal casing and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test into two parts; The metal casing is used to fix the combined electrical appliance under test to the casing and provide a sealed protection. The Rydberg chamber is filled with rubidium atomic vapor, which serves as the core element for electric field sensing. The fiber optic sealing plug is used to achieve gas sealing at the fiber optic connection location.

[0009] In this embodiment of the invention, the combined electrical appliance overvoltage detection system generates detection laser and coupling laser through the main control equipment, and achieves stable transmission of laser signals through transmission optical fiber. Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-shaped connection point. Based on the electromagnetic induced transparency effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon, the system senses electric field signals. The characteristics of Rydberg atoms give the system advantages such as wide coverage frequency band, high detection sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability. At the same time, the main control equipment combines the sensing signals and sensing time of multiple sensors to locate faults, which can quickly and accurately determine the location of the fault point under overvoltage conditions. This effectively solves the problems of poor electromagnetic compatibility, insufficient measurement accuracy, and inability to accurately locate faults in traditional monitoring devices, providing reliable support for the safe operation and fault repair of combined electrical appliances.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting overvoltage in a combined electrical appliance, comprising: The detection light source and the coupling light source are controlled to generate two preset laser signals with different linewidths; Acquire the internal electric field signals and sensing times detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor; When it is determined that there is an overvoltage in the combined electrical appliance under test based on the internal electric field signal, the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined based on the sensing time of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor corresponding to each overvoltage.

[0011] In one possible implementation, determining the location of the overvoltage fault point based on the sensing time of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor corresponding to each overvoltage includes: Compare the sensing times of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and determine the two sensors with the earliest sensing times, which are denoted as the positioning sensors; Based on the positional relationship between the positioning sensors, the target range where the fault point is located is defined, and the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors.

[0012] In one possible implementation, determining the location of the overvoltage fault point within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors includes: Determine the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the combined electrical appliance under test, and calculate the path difference based on the propagation speed and the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors. The target distance between the two positioning sensors is obtained, and the location of the overvoltage fault point and the distance between the two positioning sensors are determined based on the target distance and the path difference.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the formula for calculating the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the two location sensors is:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] in, The target distance between the two positioning sensors; For path difference; The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the electrical appliance under test; The time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors; The earliest time is perceived; For the earliest perceived time; This is the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the location sensor corresponding to the earliest sensing time. This refers to the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the positioning sensor corresponding to the next earliest sensing time.

[0017] In one possible implementation, after determining the location of the overvoltage fault point within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors, the method further includes: Obtain the location information of the third sensor, which has the earliest sensing time, in addition to the two positioning sensors; Calculate the theoretical time for the electromagnetic wave to propagate from the location of the overvoltage fault point to the third sensor; Compare the theoretical time with the actual sensing time of the third sensor; If the time difference between the two is less than the preset verification threshold, the location result is confirmed to be valid; otherwise, a location anomaly alarm is triggered.

[0018] In one possible implementation, acquiring the internal electric field signals detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor includes: The detection light signals fed back by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor are converted into electrical signals, and the timestamp of the corresponding electrical signal of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is recorded as the sensing time.

[0019] In one possible implementation, determining that the switchgear under test has an overvoltage based on the internal electric field signal includes: The amplitude of the electrical signal converted by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is compared with the preset overvoltage threshold. If the amplitude continues to exceed the overvoltage threshold for a preset duration, an overvoltage is determined to exist.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the preset overvoltage threshold includes one or more of the following: lightning overvoltage, VFTO, and breakdown voltage; When determining that an overvoltage exists in the switchgear under test based on the internal electric field signal, the method further includes: Based on the comparison between the amplitude of the electrical signal and the preset overvoltage threshold, the overvoltage type is determined and an overvoltage type prompt message is generated.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the preset overvoltage threshold is not a fixed value, and the method further includes: During the normal operation of the combined electrical equipment under test, the background amplitude of the electrical signal converted by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is continuously monitored and recorded; Based on the statistical characteristics of the background amplitude within a preset time period, the preset overvoltage threshold is dynamically adjusted so that the preset overvoltage threshold is adapted to the background noise level under the current operating conditions.

[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, by controlling the detection light source and the coupling light source to generate laser signals with preset linewidths, it is ensured that the laser signals can effectively excite Rydberg atoms to produce corresponding electromagnetic effects, thereby enabling the sensors to accurately detect the internal electric field signals of the combined electrical appliance and record the sensing time. When an overvoltage is determined based on the electric field signal, the sensing time of each sensor is used to locate the fault point. This method not only utilizes the characteristics of Rydberg atoms to achieve sensitive detection of overvoltage signals, but also completes the accurate location of the fault point through time analysis logic, providing an efficient implementation path for the timely detection and rapid handling of overvoltage in combined electrical appliances.

[0023] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described in the second aspect above or any possible implementation thereof. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage quantum detection system of the Rydberg atomic antenna combination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an overvoltage Rydberg sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a four-level quantum detection system for the Rydberg atom electric field provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main control device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main control device provided in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an overvoltage Rydberg sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the detection light provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances provided by the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overvoltage quantum detection system of the Rydberg atomic antenna combination device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown. Figure 1 As shown, the combined electrical appliance overvoltage detection system includes: a main control device 1, a transmission optical fiber 2, and multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3.

[0026] Among them, the main control device 1 is used to generate detection laser and coupling laser, and process optical signals.

[0027] The transmission fiber optic cable 2 connects the main control device 1 and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3, and is used to transmit the detection laser and coupled laser to the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3, and return the modulated detection laser signal to the main control device 1.

[0028] Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3 are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-connection point of the switch under test, for sensing the internal electric field signal of the switch under test based on the EIT effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon.

[0029] The main control device 1 is also used to determine the location of the fault point of the combined electrical appliance under overvoltage conditions based on the internal electric field signal and sensing time of the combined electrical appliance sensed by multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3.

[0030] The Rydberg atom antenna combination device overvoltage quantum detection system provided in this application aims to detect the electric field by measuring the intensity of the EIT signal (Autler-Townes split signal) generated by Rydberg atoms after they are excited to the Rydberg state under an electric field, thereby detecting the pulsed electromagnetic waves generated by overvoltage.

[0031] Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3 are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-connection point of the electrical appliance under test. For example... Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of an overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The installation position of the sensor is determined according to the principle of arranging one overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 at each T-shaped connection point. For example, it is installed at the T-shaped connection points between the circuit breaker and the disconnecting switch, or between the disconnecting switch and the busbar.

[0032] The working principle of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 is as follows: Rubidium atoms in the ground state were excited to the Rydberg state using an excitation system with two lasers of different frequency bands. Specifically, the probe laser signal excited the rubidium atoms from the ground state 5S... 1 / 2 Excited to the excited state 5P 3 / 2 The coupled laser signal will pull rubidium atoms from the excited state 5P 3 / 2 Excited to the Rydberg state nD 5 / 2 The transition between the ground state and the Rydberg state is a forbidden transition, meaning it requires multiple energy levels. Under field-free conditions, due to the coupling of light with the excited state 5P... 3 / 2 and the Ridgburg state nD 5 / 2 Resonance occurs when rubidium atoms no longer absorb photons from the probe light, exhibiting a transparent state to the laser in that frequency band. This is known as EIT (Electronic Induction). The detuned frequency spectrum of the probe light passing through Rydberg cell 24 under EIT conditions is as follows: Figure 3 The red signal in the image is shown.

[0033] When an electric field is present, the coupled light interacts with the excited state 5P. 3 / 2 and the Ridgburg state nD 5 / 2 When the resonance is disrupted, the rubidium atomic medium no longer appears transparent in the probe light frequency band, thus absorbing the probe light. This manifests as a dip at the peak position of the detuned frequency spectrum signal of the probe light, known as the Auttler-Townes split. Due to the Auttler-Townes split, the intensity of the probe light gradually decreases. The main control device 1 can detect the electric field signal by collecting the probe light data from the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3.

[0034] In this embodiment, the combined electrical appliance overvoltage detection system generates detection laser and coupling laser through the main control device 1, and achieves stable transmission of laser signals through the transmission optical fiber 2. Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3 are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-shaped connection point. Based on the electromagnetic induced transparency effect of Rydberg atoms and the Auttle-Townes splitting phenomenon, the system senses electric field signals. The characteristics of Rydberg atoms give the system advantages such as wide coverage frequency band, high detection sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability. At the same time, the main control device 1 combines the sensing signals and sensing time of multiple sensors to locate faults, which can quickly and accurately determine the location of the fault point under overvoltage conditions. This effectively solves the problems of poor electromagnetic compatibility, insufficient measurement accuracy, and inability to accurately locate faults in traditional monitoring devices, providing reliable support for the safe operation and fault repair of combined electrical appliances.

[0035] The following describes the specific configuration of the main control device 1 and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main control device 1 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, in one possible implementation, the main control device 1 includes: a detection light source 11, a coupling light source 12, a detection light splitter 13, a coupling light splitter 14, a dichroic mirror array 15, a photodiode array 16, a digital acquisition card 17, and a controller 18.

[0037] Among them, the dichroic mirror array 15 is used to combine the multi-path probe light and the coupling light and then export them through the transmission optical fiber 2.

[0038] The photodiode array 16 and the digital acquisition card 17 are used to receive and acquire the detection light signals returned from multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors 3 and convert them into electrical signals.

[0039] The controller 18 is used to control the operation of the detection light source 11, the coupling light source 12, and the digital acquisition card 17, and to determine whether there is overvoltage in the combined electrical equipment under test based on the electrical signals corresponding to each overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3.

[0040] Figure 4 In the diagram, the probe light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are shown as a 780nm laser and a 480nm laser, respectively. Correspondingly, the probe light splitter 13 and the coupling light splitter 14 are shown as a 780nm splitter and a 480nm splitter, respectively.

[0041] In the specific implementation process, a 780nm laser emits a probe laser signal, which is then divided into N parts by a 780nm beam splitter. A 480nm laser emits a coupling laser signal, which is also divided into N parts by a 480nm beam splitter. The dichroic mirror array 15 consists of N beam splitters, ensuring that the coupling laser can pass through while the probe laser cannot.

[0042] The photodiode array 16 converts the probed laser signal into an electrical signal, which is then input into the digital acquisition card 17 for acquisition. The controller 18 is responsible for controlling the 780nm laser, the 480nm laser, and the digital acquisition card 17.

[0043] Figure 4 The diagram also shows a fiber optic connector for exporting the fiber laser signal to the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3. In other possible implementations, the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 is equipped with a fiber optic connector, while the main control device 1 does not have its own independent fiber optic connector; instead, the output fiber of the dichroic mirror array 15 of the main control device 1 is directly connected to the fiber optic connector of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main control device 1 provided in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the main control device 1 also includes an industrial air conditioner 19, which is used to maintain the internal temperature of the main unit at 25℃±3℃ to ensure the stability of the laser operation.

[0045] During installation, the main control device 1 is installed in a control room or dedicated equipment room near the combined electrical appliances. The ambient temperature must be maintained at 25℃±3℃ by the industrial air conditioner 19 to ensure the stable operation of precision components such as lasers. Optionally, the main control device 1 is connected to optical fiber via optical fiber connectors. The optical fiber must be armored to enhance its anti-interference capability and mechanical strength in complex environments. Excessive bending should be avoided during laying (e.g., bending radius not less than 30mm), and it should be laid along cable trenches or dedicated cable trays, with proper waterproofing, fireproofing, and rodent protection measures.

[0046] In this embodiment, the main control device 1 generates a detection laser and a coupling laser through a detection light source 11 and a coupling light source 12, respectively. The detection light splitter 13 and the coupling light splitter 14 realize the distribution of multiple signals. The dichroic mirror array 15 completes the combined output of multiple detection lights and coupling lights to ensure that the laser signal is efficiently transmitted to the sensor. The photodiode array 16 and the digital acquisition card 17 convert the returned detection light signal into an electrical signal and accurately acquire it. The controller 18 coordinates the operation of each component and judges the overvoltage situation based on the electrical signal. The coordinated work of each component realizes the stable generation, distribution, transmission and efficient processing of laser signals, improves the accuracy and reliability of the system in detecting overvoltage signals, and ensures the stable and orderly progress of the monitoring process.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, in one possible implementation, the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 includes: a metal housing 21, two internal optical fibers 22, an intermediate electrode plate 23, a Rydberg air chamber 24, an optical fiber sealing plug 25, and an optical fiber connector 26.

[0048] The fiber optic connector 26 is connected to two internal optical fibers 22 for introducing and venting probe and coupling light into and out of the Reedburg gas chamber 24.

[0049] The intermediate electrode plate 23 forms capacitors with the metal casing 21 and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test, dividing the voltage between the metal casing 21 and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test into two parts.

[0050] The metal housing 21 is used to fix the switchboard under test to the housing and provide a sealed protection.

[0051] The Reedburg chamber 24 is filled with rubidium atomic vapor, which serves as the core element for electric field sensing.

[0052] Fiber optic sealing plug 25 is used to achieve gas sealing at the fiber optic connection location.

[0053] The metal casing 21 primarily serves a protective and sealing function. The fiber optic connector 26 guides the fiber laser signal. The internal fiber optic cable 22 introduces the probe and coupling light signals into the Rydberg gas chamber 24. The two fibers are aligned to ensure that the probe light enters the opposite fiber after passing through the Rydberg gas chamber 24.

[0054] The intermediate electrode plate 23, the combined electrical conductor, and the metal shell 21 form capacitors respectively. According to the principle of voltage division, the voltage between the combined electrical conductor and the metal shell 21 is divided into two parts. The Rydberg atomic antenna can sense the electric field strength between the combined electrical conductor and the shell by reflecting the electric field strength between the intermediate electrode plate 23 and the metal shell 21.

[0055] The Rydberg cell 24 has a rectangular parallelepiped structure with quartz glass walls and dimensions of 10mm × 10mm × 50mm. The cell is filled with saturated rubidium atom vapor of natural abundance to ensure a sufficient number of rubidium atoms. Optionally, the natural abundance rubidium isotope composition is 72.17% rubidium-85 and 27.83% rubidium-87.

[0056] The fiber optic sealing plug 25 ensures the gas tightness of the fiber optic connection location, preventing gas leakage from the combined electrical appliance.

[0057] When installing the sensor, first fix the metal housing 21 to the housing of the combined electrical appliance, ensuring a secure and well-sealed installation to prevent gas leakage from inside the combined electrical appliance. The intermediate electrode plate 23 must maintain an appropriate distance from the conductors of the combined electrical appliance to ensure the correct application of the capacitive voltage division principle. The optical fiber passes through the optical fiber sealing plug 25 into the metal housing 21 and accurately aligns with the optical fiber connectors 26 at both ends of the Reedburg gas chamber 24 to ensure unobstructed transmission paths for the detection light and coupling light.

[0058] In this embodiment, the metal housing 21 of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 is fixed to the housing of the combined appliance and provides a sealed protection, effectively preventing gas leakage inside the combined appliance and protecting the internal components from the influence of the external environment. The intermediate electrode plate 23 forms a capacitor with the metal housing 21 and the conductor of the combined appliance, and accurately senses the voltage distribution between them through the principle of capacitive voltage division. The rubidium atomic vapor in the Rydberg gas chamber 24 serves as the core of electric field sensing and can sensitively respond to changes in electric field. The fiber optic connector 26 works with the internal fiber optic cable 22 to achieve stable introduction and output of the detection light and coupling light. The fiber optic sealing plug 25 ensures the gas sealing at the fiber optic connection position. The structural design and functional coordination of each component enable the sensor to operate stably in complex environments, accurately sense electric field signals, and provide a reliable signal source for overvoltage detection.

[0059] In the specific implementation of the overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances, the main control equipment 1 and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 work together. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the detection light when the main control device 1 and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor 3 work together, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 In the diagram, the dashed line with arrows represents the optical path of the probe light. The probe light source 11 and the coupling light source 12 are shown as a 780nm laser and a 480nm laser, respectively. The probe light is transmitted through an optical fiber into the Rydberg gas chamber 24 and then transmitted out through the opposite optical fiber, returning to the main control device 1. It is then reflected into another optical path by a beam splitter and guided into a photodiode.

[0061] Furthermore, after the Rydberg atomic antenna combined appliance overvoltage quantum detection system is deployed, optical path debugging is performed before overvoltage detection to improve the accuracy of overvoltage monitoring. Specifically, the optical path is calibrated using a dichroic mirror array 15 to ensure that the coupling laser can pass through the dichroic mirrors while the detection laser is reflected. By adjusting the angle and position of the dichroic mirrors, the detection light, after passing through the Rydberg gas cell 24, can accurately enter the opposite optical fiber and be transmitted back to the main control device 1. At the main control device 1, the intensity of the detection light is monitored in real time using a photodiode array 16 and a digital acquisition card 17. When the EIT phenomenon is observed under no electric field conditions, i.e., the detection light detuned frequency spectrum signal shows a transparent state as indicated by the red signal, it indicates that the optical path debugging is complete.

[0062] The above is an embodiment of the overvoltage quantum detection system for the Rydberg atomic antenna combination appliance of the present invention. The following is a detailed description of the overvoltage detection method for the combination appliance based on the detection system. For details not described in detail, please refer to the corresponding system embodiment above.

[0063] Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances provided by the present invention, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, it includes the following steps: S801 controls the detection light source and the coupling light source to generate two preset laser signals with different linewidths.

[0064] The overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances provided in this application embodiment is executed by the following entity: Figure 1 The main control device is shown in the figure. During the actual detection of overvoltage conditions of the combined electrical appliances, the detection light source and coupling light source in the main control device generate two laser signals with different linewidths according to preset parameters. After being distributed by a beam splitter, the two laser signals are synchronously transmitted to each voltage Rydberg sensor through the transmission optical fiber.

[0065] S802 acquires the internal electric field signal and sensing time detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor.

[0066] Each voltage Rydberg sensor continuously senses the electric field signal inside the combined electrical appliance based on the EIT effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon. The main control equipment receives the detection light signal fed back by each sensor in real time through a photodiode array and a digital acquisition card, converts it into an electrical signal, and records the timestamp corresponding to each electrical signal. This timestamp is the sensing time of each sensor for the electric field signal.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the internal electric field signals detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor are acquired, including: The detection light signals fed back by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor are converted into electrical signals, and the timestamp of the corresponding electrical signal of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is recorded as the sensing time.

[0068] In this process, the detection light signal fed back by the overvoltage Rydberg sensor is converted into an electrical signal, making the signal easier to analyze and process later. At the same time, the timestamp of the electrical signal corresponding to each sensor is recorded as the sensing time, ensuring the accuracy and uniqueness of the sensing time. This provides accurate and reliable time parameter support for subsequent fault location based on time difference, ensuring the smooth implementation of the location logic.

[0069] S803 determines the location of the overvoltage fault point based on the sensing time of the Rydberg overvoltage sensor corresponding to each overvoltage when it determines that there is an overvoltage in the combined electrical appliance under test according to the internal electric field signal.

[0070] The controller of the main control equipment analyzes the converted electrical signal to determine whether there is overvoltage in the combined electrical appliance under test. If overvoltage is found, the controller calls the sensing time data of each sensor and calculates the location of the overvoltage fault point according to the preset positioning logic, thus completing the monitoring and fault location of the combined electrical appliance overvoltage.

[0071] In this embodiment, by controlling the detection light source and the coupling light source to generate laser signals with preset linewidths, it is ensured that the laser signals can effectively excite Rydberg atoms to produce corresponding electromagnetic effects, thereby enabling the sensors to accurately detect the internal electric field signals of the combined electrical appliance and record the sensing time. When an overvoltage is determined based on the electric field signal, the sensing time of each sensor is used to locate the fault point. This method not only utilizes the characteristics of Rydberg atoms to achieve sensitive detection of overvoltage signals, but also completes the accurate location of the fault point through time analysis logic, providing an efficient implementation path for the timely detection and rapid handling of overvoltage in combined electrical appliances.

[0072] The above briefly summarizes the main steps of the combined electrical appliance overvoltage detection system based on the Rydberg atomic antenna provided in the foregoing embodiments to realize the overvoltage detection of the combined electrical appliance. The following embodiments illustrate the specific process of determining the location of the overvoltage fault point when it is determined that there is an overvoltage in the combined electrical appliance under test.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined based on the sensing time of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor corresponding to each overvoltage, including: Compare the sensing times of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and determine the two sensors with the earliest sensing times, which are denoted as the positioning sensors; Based on the positional relationship between the positioning sensors, the target range where the fault point is located is defined, and the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors.

[0074] The pulsed electromagnetic waves generated by an overvoltage fault propagate uniformly along the conductors inside the combined electrical appliance. The closer the sensor is to the fault point, the earlier it receives the signal. After the main control equipment acquires the sensing times of all voltage Rydberg sensors, it sorts and compares all the sensing times and selects the two sensing times with the smallest values, which are the two earliest time points when the overvoltage signal was detected. The two corresponding voltage Rydberg sensors are the location sensors.

[0075] Relying solely on the earliest sensing sensor only determines that the fault point is within that sensor's signal coverage area, but not its specific direction or smaller area. However, the line connecting the two closest nodes on the fault propagation path corresponding to the two earliest sensing sensors, along with their surrounding area, is necessarily the only possible range of the fault point. This aligns with the layout of sensors arranged in a three-quarters configuration at T-shaped connection points, allowing for rapid localization of the target area using pre-defined sensor location information.

[0076] Since all voltage Rydberg sensors are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at the T-junction of the combined electrical appliance, the installation position information of each sensor is pre-stored in the controller of the main control equipment. Based on the preset installation positions of the two positioning sensors and the wiring layout of the combined electrical appliance, the controller delineates the area between the two positioning sensors as the target range for the fault point, excluding areas outside the target range, thereby narrowing down the scope of fault diagnosis and location.

[0077] In this embodiment, the positioning method compares the sensing times of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor, selects the two positioning sensors with the earliest sensing times, and quickly delineates the target range where the fault point is located, avoiding the tediousness of large-scale investigation. Then, based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors, combined with relevant parameters, the fault point location is accurately determined within the target range. This method of first delineating the range and then accurately calculating improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault positioning, and can help staff quickly locate the fault area and shorten the fault handling time.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined within a target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of two positioning sensors, including: Determine the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the electrical appliance under test, and calculate the path difference based on the propagation speed and the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors. Obtain the target distance between the two positioning sensors, and determine the location of the overvoltage fault point and the distance between the two positioning sensors based on the target distance and the path difference.

[0079] In the specific implementation process, the controller of the main control equipment calls the preset electromagnetic wave propagation speed parameter. This parameter is pre-configured based on the equipment characteristics and operating environment of the combined electrical appliance and is used to characterize the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves inside the combined electrical appliance under test. Then, based on the determined sensing time of the two positioning sensors, the time difference between them is calculated. Combined with the preset electromagnetic wave propagation speed, the path difference of the electromagnetic wave propagating from the fault point to the two positioning sensors is calculated through the correlation between speed and time. The time difference of the sensing signals of the two positioning sensors is essentially the time difference corresponding to the path difference of the electromagnetic wave propagating from the fault point to the two sensors. The distance difference between the fault point and the two sensors can be directly calculated by "path difference = electromagnetic wave speed × time difference".

[0080] The main control device calls the pre-stored target distance data between the two positioning sensors. This data is the fixed spacing determined when the sensors are installed. Combined with the path difference calculated above, the device determines the specific distance between the overvoltage fault point and the two positioning sensors through comprehensive calculation of distance and path difference, and then accurately locates the fault point within the defined target range.

[0081] In this embodiment, the positioning method first determines the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the combined electrical appliance, calculates the path difference by combining the sensing time difference of the two positioning sensors, and then obtains the target distance between the two positioning sensors. Through comprehensive analysis of the target distance and the path difference, the specific distance between the fault point and the two positioning sensors is quantitatively determined. This calculation logic makes full use of the characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation and the time parameters of the sensors, making the calculation of the fault point location more scientific and accurate, and providing a clear location basis for fault repair.

[0082] In one possible implementation, the formula for calculating the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the two location sensors is:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] in, The target distance between the two positioning sensors; For path difference; The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the electrical appliance under test; The time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors; The earliest time is perceived; For the earliest perceived time; This is the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the location sensor corresponding to the earliest sensing time. This refers to the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the positioning sensor corresponding to the next earliest sensing time.

[0086] Combined with the fixed spacing between the two positioning sensors By using the geometric relationship of "distance from fault point to sensor A + distance from fault point to sensor B = distance between two sensors ± path difference", the specific distances between the fault point and the two positioning sensors can be derived in reverse, thereby locking the precise location within the target range.

[0087] In this embodiment, the calculation formula organically combines key parameters such as the target distance between the two positioning sensors, the electromagnetic wave propagation speed, and the sensing time difference between the two sensors. Through quantitative calculation, the distance between the fault point and each positioning sensor is directly obtained, avoiding fuzzy judgments in the positioning process. This makes the determination of the fault point location more accurate and operable, providing a clear and scientific calculation basis for fault location and ensuring the reliability of the positioning results.

[0088] The aforementioned embodiments describe the use of two positioning sensors to determine the positioning result. If these two sensors have problems such as installation errors, signal delays, or device malfunctions, it will directly lead to positioning deviations. Such deviations are difficult to detect through the data of the two points themselves.

[0089] In one possible implementation, after determining the location of the overvoltage fault point within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors, the method further includes: Obtain the location information of the third sensor, which has the earliest sensing time, in addition to the two positioning sensors; Calculate the theoretical time for the electromagnetic wave to propagate from the location of the overvoltage fault to the third sensor; Compare the theoretical time with the actual sensing time of the third sensor; If the time difference between the two is less than the preset verification threshold, the location result is confirmed to be valid; otherwise, a location anomaly alarm is triggered.

[0090] This approach introduces a third, earlier sensor, forming a "three-point verification" triangular logic. This method effectively eliminates random errors from single or two sensors, avoids erroneous location due to localized data anomalies, and makes the fault location results more reliable, providing a dependable basis for subsequent fault handling. Specifically, after accurately locating the overvoltage fault point, the main control device selects the sensor with the earliest sensing time (excluding the two location sensors) from all voltage Rydberg sensors, uses it as the third verification sensor, and retrieves the sensor's pre-stored installation location information.

[0091] Then, based on the determined location of the overvoltage fault point, the location information of the third verification sensor, and the preset propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the combined electrical appliance, the theoretical time for the electromagnetic wave to propagate from the fault point to the third verification sensor is calculated according to the basic principle of "time = distance / speed". This calculation process also follows the characteristic of uniform propagation of electromagnetic waves. The main control equipment retrieves the actual sensing time recorded by the third verification sensor, compares the theoretical propagation time with the actual sensing time, and calculates the time difference between the two.

[0092] The calculated time difference is compared with a preset verification threshold. If the time difference is less than or equal to the verification threshold, it indicates that the fault location result matches the sensing data of the third sensor, and the spatiotemporal logic is consistent, confirming the validity of the location result. If the time difference is greater than the verification threshold, it indicates that there may be a deviation in the location result. The main control device automatically activates a location anomaly alarm, prompting staff to conduct further verification to avoid affecting fault handling due to location errors.

[0093] In this embodiment, after determining the location of the fault point through two positioning sensors, the method introduces a third sensor with the earliest sensing time, calculates the theoretical time for the fault point to propagate to the third sensor, and compares it with the actual sensing time. When the time difference is less than a preset verification threshold, the positioning result is confirmed to be valid; otherwise, an abnormal alarm is activated. This third-party verification mechanism can promptly detect errors or abnormalities that may occur during the positioning process, avoid erroneous positioning results from misleading fault handling, and significantly improve the credibility and reliability of the fault positioning results.

[0094] In one possible implementation, determining the presence of overvoltage in the switchgear under test based on the internal electric field signal includes: The amplitude of the electrical signal converted by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is compared with the preset overvoltage threshold. If the amplitude continues to exceed the overvoltage threshold for a preset duration, an overvoltage is determined to exist.

[0095] The main control equipment retrieves and converts the electrical signals corresponding to the various voltage Rydberg sensors, the amplitude of which directly reflects the internal electric field strength of the combined electrical equipment. When an overvoltage occurs, the internal electric field strength increases significantly, and the corresponding electrical signal amplitude also exceeds the normal operating range. The main control equipment calls a preset overvoltage threshold, which is a reference value for the electrical signal corresponding to the electric field strength, set to adapt to the operating characteristics of the combined electrical equipment, and used to distinguish between normal and overvoltage electric fields. The real-time amplitude of each electrical signal is continuously compared with the preset overvoltage threshold to monitor whether the amplitude exceeds the threshold.

[0096] In addition, a preset duration judgment condition is introduced to avoid misjudgment caused by instantaneous interference signals. If the amplitude of the electrical signal continuously exceeds the preset overvoltage threshold and the duration reaches the preset duration, it indicates that the electric field strength inside the combined electrical appliance has stably exceeded the safe range, and an overvoltage is determined to exist; if it only momentarily exceeds the threshold or does not reach the preset duration, it is determined to be an interference signal, and the overvoltage alarm is not triggered, ensuring the accuracy of the judgment result.

[0097] In this embodiment, the method compares the amplitude of the electrical signals converted by each sensor with a preset overvoltage threshold and sets a preset duration condition. Only when the amplitude continuously exceeds the threshold for a preset duration is an overvoltage determined to exist. This determination logic effectively filters out false judgments caused by instantaneous interference signals, avoids the generation of false alarms, ensures the accuracy of overvoltage determination, and enables staff to respond promptly to real overvoltage situations, thus ensuring the safe operation of the combined electrical equipment.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the preset overvoltage threshold includes one or more of the following: lightning overvoltage, VFTO, and breakdown voltage; When determining that an overvoltage exists in the switchgear under test based on the internal electric field signal, the following steps are also included: Based on the comparison between the amplitude of the electrical signal and the preset overvoltage threshold, the overvoltage type is determined and an overvoltage type prompt message is generated.

[0099] The preset overvoltage threshold is further subdivided into reference amplitude ranges for various types, such as lightning overvoltage, VFTO, and breakdown voltage. Different types of overvoltages have different generation mechanisms, and the peak value and duration characteristics of the internal electric field intensity they induce vary significantly, resulting in different reference ranges for the corresponding electrical signal amplitudes.

[0100] Once an overvoltage is detected, the main control device extracts the peak value and trend of the electrical signal corresponding to the overvoltage and compares it with preset overvoltage threshold ranges one by one. Based on the comparison results, the specific type of overvoltage is determined. If the electrical signal amplitude matches the baseline characteristics of a certain type of overvoltage, it is determined to be that type of overvoltage; if it matches some characteristics of multiple types simultaneously, the dominant type is determined based on the highest amplitude matching degree. Subsequently, an overvoltage type prompt is generated, synchronously associated with the corresponding sensor location and sensing time, facilitating targeted handling solutions by staff.

[0101] In this embodiment, the preset overvoltage threshold covers various types such as lightning overvoltage, VFTO, and breakdown voltage, which can comprehensively cover the overvoltage scenarios that may occur in the combined electrical appliances. When determining overvoltage, the specific type of overvoltage is accurately determined by comparing the amplitude of the electrical signal with different type thresholds and a prompt message is generated, so that the staff can quickly grasp the nature of the overvoltage and take corresponding measures to improve the effectiveness of overvoltage handling.

[0102] In one possible implementation, the preset overvoltage threshold is not a fixed value; the method also includes: During the normal operation of the combined electrical equipment under test, the background amplitude of the electrical signal converted by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is continuously monitored and recorded; Based on the statistical characteristics of the background amplitude within a preset time period, the preset overvoltage threshold is dynamically adjusted to adapt to the background noise level under the current operating conditions.

[0103] During the normal operation of the combined electrical equipment and the absence of overvoltage, the main control equipment continuously collects the electrical signals converted by the Rydberg sensors for each voltage. These electrical signals correspond to the background noise under normal operating conditions, and their amplitude is the background amplitude.

[0104] The main control equipment performs statistical analysis on the collected background noise levels according to a preset time period, extracting statistical features, including the average value, maximum value, and fluctuation range of the background noise. These features comprehensively reflect the background noise level under the current operating conditions. Different operating conditions (such as load changes and ambient temperature changes) will cause fluctuations in the background noise level, and a fixed threshold is prone to misjudgment or missed judgment. Based on the extracted background noise statistical features, the preset overvoltage threshold is dynamically adjusted to avoid misjudgment caused by increased background noise and to prevent missed judgment caused by decreased background noise, thereby improving the adaptability and reliability of overvoltage detection.

[0105] Optionally, the threshold adjustment principle is to ensure that the preset overvoltage threshold is always higher than the peak level of the current background noise, while maintaining a reasonable difference range, so as to ensure that the threshold is compatible with the background noise level of the current operating conditions. In this embodiment, the method continuously monitors and records the background amplitude of the electrical signals converted by each sensor during normal operation of the combined electrical appliance. Based on the statistical characteristics of the background amplitude within a preset time period, the preset overvoltage threshold is dynamically adjusted so that the threshold can adapt to the background noise level under the current operating conditions. This avoids the problem of misjudgment or missed judgment that may occur under different operating conditions with a fixed threshold, significantly improving the adaptability and accuracy of overvoltage detection, and ensuring that the system can reliably monitor overvoltage conditions under different operating states.

[0106] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 9 of this embodiment includes a processor 90 and a memory 91. The memory 91 stores a computer program 92. When the processor 90 executes the computer program 92, it implements the steps in the various method embodiments described above. Alternatively, when the processor 90 executes the computer program 92, it implements the functions of each module / unit in the various device embodiments described above.

[0107] For example, computer program 92 may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in memory 91 and executed by processor 90 to complete the present invention. The one or more modules / units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a specific function, which describe the execution process of computer program 92 in electronic device 9.

[0108] Electronic device 9 may include, but is not limited to, processor 90 and memory 91. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 9 This is merely an example of electronic device 9 and does not constitute a limitation on electronic device 9. It may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, electronic device 9 may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc.

[0109] For the sake of simplicity and clarity, only the above-described functional modules / units are used as examples. In practical applications, the functions described above can be assigned to different functional modules / units as needed. These modules / units can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of both.

[0110] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. Parts not detailed or described in a particular embodiment can be referred to in the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Unless otherwise specified or in conflict with logic, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced interchangeably. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0111] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Rydberg atomic antenna combination device overvoltage quantum detection system, characterized in that, include: Main control equipment, transmission optical fiber, and multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors; The main control device is used to generate detection lasers and coupling lasers, and to process optical signals; The transmission optical fiber connects the main control device and the overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and is used to transmit the detection laser and coupled laser to the overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and to return the modulated detection laser signal to the main control device. Multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors are arranged in a three-half wiring configuration at each T-connection point of the electrical appliance under test, for sensing the internal electric field signal of the electrical appliance under test based on the electromagnetically induced transparency effect of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes splitting phenomenon. The main control device is also used to determine the location of the fault point of the combined electrical appliance under overvoltage conditions based on the internal electric field signal and sensing time of the combined electrical appliance sensed by multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors.

2. The Rydberg atomic antenna combination device overvoltage quantum detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control device includes: a detection light source, a coupling light source, a detection light splitter, a coupling light splitter, a dichroic mirror array, a photodiode array, a digital acquisition card, and a controller; The dichroic mirror array is used to combine multiple probe beams and coupling beams and then export them through the transmission optical fiber. The photodiode array and the digital acquisition card are used to receive and acquire the detection light signals returned from multiple overvoltage Rydberg sensors and convert them into electrical signals. The controller is used to control the operation of the detection light source, the coupling light source, and the digital acquisition card, and to determine whether the electrical combination device under test has overvoltage based on the electrical signals corresponding to each overvoltage Rydberg sensor.

3. The Rydberg atomic antenna combination device overvoltage quantum detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overvoltage Rydberg sensor includes: a metal housing, two internal optical fibers, a middle electrode plate, a Rydberg air chamber, an optical fiber sealing plug, and an optical fiber connector. The fiber optic connector is connected to two internal optical fibers and is used to introduce and export probe light and coupling light into and out of the Reedburg gas cell. The intermediate electrode plate forms a capacitor with the metal casing and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test, thereby dividing the voltage between the metal casing and the conductor of the electrical appliance under test into two parts; The metal casing is used to fix the combined electrical appliance under test to the casing and provide a sealed protection. The Rydberg chamber is filled with rubidium atomic vapor, which serves as the core element for electric field sensing. The fiber optic sealing plug is used to achieve gas sealing at the fiber optic connection location.

4. A method for detecting overvoltage in a combined electrical appliance based on the Rydberg atomic antenna combined electrical appliance overvoltage quantum detection system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, include: The detection light source and the coupling light source are controlled to generate two preset laser signals with different linewidths; Acquire the internal electric field signals and sensing times detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor; When it is determined that there is an overvoltage in the combined electrical appliance under test based on the internal electric field signal, the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined based on the sensing time of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor corresponding to each overvoltage.

5. The overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances according to claim 4, characterized in that, The determination of the location of the overvoltage fault point based on the sensing time of the overvoltage Rydberg sensor corresponding to each overvoltage includes: Compare the sensing times of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor, and determine the two sensors with the earliest sensing times, which are denoted as the positioning sensors. Based on the positional relationship between the positioning sensors, the target range where the fault point is located is defined, and the location of the overvoltage fault point is determined within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors.

6. The overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances according to claim 5, characterized in that, The method of determining the location of the overvoltage fault point within the target range based on the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors includes: Determine the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the combined electrical appliance under test, and calculate the path difference based on the propagation speed and the time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors. The target distance between the two positioning sensors is obtained, and the location of the overvoltage fault point and the distance between the two positioning sensors are determined based on the target distance and the path difference.

7. The method for detecting overvoltage in combined electrical appliances according to claim 6, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the two positioning sensors is: in, The target distance between the two positioning sensors; For path difference; The propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the electrical appliance under test; The time difference between the sensing times of the two positioning sensors; The earliest time to be perceived; For the earliest perceived time; This is the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the location sensor corresponding to the earliest sensing time. This refers to the distance between the location of the overvoltage fault point and the positioning sensor corresponding to the next earliest sensing time.

8. The overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances according to claim 4, characterized in that, The acquisition of the internal electric field signals detected by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor includes: The detection light signals fed back by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor are converted into electrical signals, and the timestamp of the corresponding electrical signal of each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is recorded as the sensing time.

9. The overvoltage detection method for combined electrical appliances according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of determining that the combined electrical appliance under test has an overvoltage based on the internal electric field signal includes: The amplitude of the electrical signal converted by each overvoltage Rydberg sensor is compared with the preset overvoltage threshold. If the amplitude continues to exceed the overvoltage threshold for a preset duration, an overvoltage is determined to exist.

10. The method for detecting overvoltage in combined electrical appliances according to claim 9, characterized in that, The preset overvoltage threshold includes one or more of the following: lightning overvoltage, ultrafast transient overvoltage VFTO, and breakdown voltage; When determining that an overvoltage exists in the switchgear under test based on the internal electric field signal, the method further includes: Based on the comparison between the amplitude of the electrical signal and the preset overvoltage threshold, the overvoltage type is determined and an overvoltage type prompt message is generated.

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