A robot joint protection assembly based on a foamed aluminum cushioning structure

Abstract

The application discloses a robot joint protection assembly based on a foamed aluminum buffer structure and relates to the technical field of robot protection.The device ingeniously introduces passive active heat dissipation (energy-saving and high-efficiency) without additional fans or power driving, skillfully converts the motion kinetic energy of the robot into wind pressure, realizes intelligent heat management of 'heat dissipation during work and air suction during stop', effectively reduces the motor temperature, significantly prolongs the service life, and is mechanically self-cleaning and low in maintenance cost: aiming at the pain point of dust in industrial environment, full-automatic dust scraping and centrifugal dust removal are realized by using a pure mechanical structure, which not only eliminates secondary pollution caused by dust falling back, but also avoids the trouble of artificial regular disassembly and cleaning, and greatly reduces the later operation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of robot protection technology, and in particular to a robot joint protection component based on a foamed aluminum buffer structure. Background Technology

[0002] Industrial robots are multi-jointed manipulators or multi-degree-of-freedom machines widely used in the industrial field. They have a certain degree of automation and can achieve various industrial processing and manufacturing functions by relying on their own power and control capabilities. Industrial robots are widely used in various industrial fields such as electronics, logistics, and chemicals.

[0003] Traditional robot joint protection components are typically bolted to the outer wall of the joint before use. This installation method aims to provide basic protection for the joint, thereby reducing the risk of accidental damage to internal core components during operation.

[0004] Because robot joint protection components mostly use bolt-fixation, this static protection is difficult to adapt to the dynamic changes when the upper and lower arms bend. As the range of motion of the joints increases, blind spots in the protection are exposed, making internal core components highly susceptible to damage from accidental collisions. At the same time, the contact area between the upper and lower arms has long faced the problem of dust accumulation. Due to the lack of active cleaning methods, the falling dust will continuously accelerate joint wear, which not only increases the failure rate of the equipment but also significantly drives up the later maintenance costs.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need for innovative designs based on existing robot joint protection components. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention addresses the problem of overly simplistic solutions in existing technologies by providing a significantly different solution. This invention provides a robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure, which solves the technical problem that existing aluminum foam buffer-based robot joint protection components, due to their fixed structure, cannot fully protect the joints and the contact area between the upper and lower arms, leading to long-term dust accumulation.

[0007] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: a robot joint protection component based on a foamed aluminum buffer structure, including a large arm, a joint located at the bottom of the large arm, and a forearm that rotates through the joint, and further including... A protective component installed on the outer wall of the joint, providing extended protection and cooling functions; The protective assembly includes a first mounting base, a second protective component that can extend and retract inside the first mounting base, and a first connecting plate and a baffle that have a sealing function with the inner wall of the first mounting base. When the upper arm and forearm rotate through the joint, the forearm pulls the second protective component to slide out of the first mounting base, and the first connecting plate and baffle slide with the second protective component inside the first mounting base. When the upper arm and lower arm are reset, the lower arm pushes the second protective component to slide into the first mounting base, and the first connecting plate and baffle slide with the second protective component inside the first mounting base. The inner walls of the forearm are equipped with dust removal components that can be cleaned in all directions. The dust removal assembly includes a telescopic slide bar and a second guide groove and a third guide groove with adjustable position and angle. When the second protective component extends, the slide bar rotates around the joint center point, causing the slide bar to move outward inside the second guide groove and the third guide groove; When the second protective component returns to its original position, the slide bar rotates around the joint center point, causing the slide bar to move inward inside the second guide groove and the third guide groove.

[0008] Preferably, the protective assembly further includes a first protective component with high energy absorption characteristics and a sealing plug installed on the outer wall of the first connecting plate and the baffle. The outer wall of the joint is fixed to the first mounting base by bolts. The outer wall of the first mounting base is fixed to the first protective component by bolts. A first guide groove is installed inside the first mounting base. The second protective component is located inside the first guide groove. A first connecting plate is fixedly connected above the second protective component. A baffle is installed on the outer wall of the second protective component. A venting groove is provided on the outer wall of the first connecting plate. The venting groove is located inside the first mounting base. A second mounting base is fixedly connected below the second protective component. The second mounting base is fixed to the upper part of the forearm by bolts.

[0009] Preferably, the first protective component, the first guide groove, and the second protective component are all arc-shaped, and they are all centered on the joint. The first guide groove is slidably connected to the second protective component, the baffle and the first connecting plate. The sealing plug is tightly disposed between the outer wall of the first connecting plate and the outer wall of the baffle. The first guide groove is connected to the ventilation groove.

[0010] Preferably, the internal structure of the first protective component is consistent with the internal structure of the second protective component. The first protective component includes a protective shell and an aluminum alloy reinforcing rib and a buffer layer inside the protective shell. The first protective component is fitted onto the outer wall of the protective shell. The protective shell has multiple buffer layers inside. An aluminum alloy reinforcing rib is fixedly installed in the middle of the protective shell. The aluminum alloy reinforcing rib passes through the protective shell and is fixedly connected to the fixing base.

[0011] Preferably, the protective shell and the buffer layer are correspondingly arranged. The protective shell is made of aluminum foam and is ring-shaped. The protective shell has round holes inside. The porosity of the multiple buffer layers gradually decreases from the inside to the outside. The first protective component is made of aluminum alloy.

[0012] Preferably, the dust removal assembly further includes a fixing ring, a turntable, and a storage plate. Fixing rings are fixed on both sides of the inner wall of the forearm. The fixing rings are sleeved on the outer wall of the turntable. The bottom of the fixing ring is provided with a sliding groove. The outer wall of the fixing ring is connected to the storage plate through a bearing. The inner side of the turntable is provided with a plurality of third guide grooves. The inside of the storage plate is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves. The inside of the second guide grooves is provided with a sliding rod. The bottom of the sliding rod passes through the storage plate and the third guide grooves to the outer side of the turntable. When the second protective component extends, the turntable and the storage plate rotate relative to each other first, and at the same time the slide rod slides outward inside the second guide groove. The slide rod extends and then drives the turntable and the storage plate to rotate in the same direction. When the second protective component retracts, the turntable and the storage plate rotate in opposite directions first, then the turntable and the storage plate rotate relative to each other, and the slide rod slides inward inside the second guide groove, and the slide rod retracts.

[0013] Preferably, the middle position of the fixed ring, the middle position of the turntable, the middle position of the storage plate and the axis of the joint are on the same horizontal line, the inner wall of the fixed ring and the outer wall of the turntable are rotatably connected, and the turntable and the third guide groove are integrally formed. The fixed ring and the storage plate are rotatably connected, and the storage plate and the second guide groove are integrally formed.

[0014] Preferably, both the slide rod and the third guide groove are arc-shaped, and the slide rod and the third guide groove are diagonally positioned. The bottom of the arc edge of the slide rod and the bottom of the arc edge of the third guide groove are on the same horizontal line, and the slide rod is slidably connected to the third guide groove and the second guide groove.

[0015] Preferably, the dust removal assembly further includes a second connecting plate, a slide groove, and a connecting column. The second connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the turntable. The second connecting plate passes through the slide groove and is fixedly connected to the connecting column. The connecting column is fixedly installed on both sides of the second mounting base. The second connecting plate and the connecting column are arranged perpendicularly to each other, the connecting column and the sliding groove are slidably connected, and the sliding groove and the fixing ring are integrated.

[0016] Preferably, the slide bar includes a slider, an arc plate, and a soft brush. The slider is installed on the outer wall of the slide bar, and the outer wall of the slide bar is fixedly connected to the arc plate through the second guide groove. The soft brush is installed on the upper part of the outer wall of the arc plate, and a scraper is provided at the bottom of the soft brush. The scraper is located on both sides of the outer wall of the arc plate. The sliders are slidably connected to the second guide groove and the third guide groove. One end of the arc plate is higher than the other end of the arc plate. The scraper is made of rubber.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Passive active cooling (energy-saving and efficient): Without the need for additional fans or electric drive, it cleverly converts the robot's own kinetic energy into wind pressure, realizing intelligent thermal management of "cooling down when working and drawing in air when stopping", effectively reducing motor temperature and significantly extending its service life.

[0018] 2. Mechanical self-cleaning with low maintenance costs: Addressing the pain point of dusty industrial environments, the system utilizes a purely mechanical structure to achieve fully automatic dust scraping and centrifugal dust removal. This not only eliminates secondary pollution caused by dust falling back, but also eliminates the tediousness of manual disassembly and cleaning, significantly reducing subsequent operation and maintenance costs.

[0019] 3. Excellent impact resistance and cushioning performance: It adopts a composite sandwich structure of "hard outside and soft inside". The outer aluminum alloy reinforcing ribs provide extremely high shear strength to prevent sharp objects from piercing; the inner foam aluminum utilizes its porous properties to efficiently absorb the peak energy of the impact, greatly improving the safety and durability of the equipment during human-machine collaboration.

[0020] 4. High sealing performance and adaptability to harsh working conditions: Through the design of the precision-fitted sealing plug and the first guide groove, not only is a directional flow heat dissipation channel constructed, but the sealing level at the joint is also greatly improved, which can effectively isolate oil, cutting fluid and various dusts, and ensure the stable operation of the robot under harsh working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the protective components used in this invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the protective components used in this invention. Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 7 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the protective component of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the partial explosion three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a front view of the structure of the present invention without protective components; Figure 11 This is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention without the use of protective components; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure not used in this invention; Figure 13 This is a front view of the protective components used in this invention. Figure 14 This is a front cross-sectional view of the protective components used in this invention. Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure used in this invention; Figure 16 This is a partial frontal cross-sectional view of the protective component of the present invention.

[0023] Figure label: 1. Upper arm; 2. Joint; 3. Forearm; 4. Protective assembly; 41. First mounting base; 42. First protective component; 421. Protective shell; 422. Aluminum alloy reinforcing rib; 423. Buffer layer; 424. Fixing base; 43. First guide groove; 44. Second protective component; 45. Second mounting base; 51. First connecting plate; 52. Baffle; 53. Sealing plug; 54. Ventilation groove; 6. Dust removal assembly; 61. Fixing ring; 62. Turntable; 63. Storage plate; 64. Second guide groove; 65. Sliding rod; 651. Sliding block; 652. Arc plate; 653. Soft brush; 654. Scraper; 66. Third guide groove; 67. Second connecting plate; 68. Slide groove; 69. Connecting column. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0025] The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention.

[0026] Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] The following is combined Figures 1 to 16 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure, including a large arm 1, a joint 2 located at the bottom of the large arm 1, and a forearm 3 that rotates through the joint 2, and also includes... A protective component 4 with extended protection and cooling functions is installed on the outer wall of joint 2; The protective component 4 includes a first mounting base 41, a second protective component 44 that can extend and retract inside the first mounting base 41, and a first connecting plate 51 and a baffle 52 that have a sealing function with the inner wall of the first mounting base 41. When the upper arm 1 and the lower arm 3 rotate through the joint 2, the lower arm 3 pulls the second protective component 44 to slide out of the first mounting base 41, and the first connecting plate 51 and the baffle 52 slide with the second protective component 44 inside the first mounting base 41. When the upper arm 1 and the lower arm 3 are reset, the lower arm 3 pushes the second protective component 44 to slide into the first mounting base 41, and the first connecting plate 51 and the baffle 52 slide with the second protective component 44 inside the first mounting base 41. Dust removal components 6, which can be cleaned in all directions, are installed on both sides of the inner wall of the forearm 3. The dust removal assembly 6 includes a telescopic slide bar 65 and a second guide groove 64 and a third guide groove 66 with adjustable position angle function; When the second protective component 44 extends, the slide rod 65 rotates about the center point of the joint 2, causing the slide rod 65 to move outward inside the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66; When the second protective component 44 returns to its original position, the slide rod 65 rotates around the center point of the joint 2, causing the slide rod 65 to move inward inside the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66.

[0030] The protective component 4 also includes a first protective component 42 with high energy absorption characteristics and a sealing plug 53 installed on the outer wall of the first connecting plate 51 and the baffle 52. The outer wall of the joint 2 is fixed to the first mounting base 41 by bolts. The outer wall of the first mounting base 41 is fixed to the first protective component 42 by bolts. A first guide groove 43 is installed inside the first mounting base 41. The second protective component 44 is located inside the first guide groove 43. The first connecting plate 51 is fixedly connected above the second protective component 44. A baffle 52 is installed on the outer wall of the second protective component 44. A ventilation groove 54 is provided on the outer wall of the first connecting plate 51. The ventilation groove 54 is located inside the first mounting base 41. A second mounting base 45 is fixedly connected below the second protective component 44. The second mounting base 45 is fixed to the upper part of the forearm 3 by bolts.

[0031] As an optional embodiment, when the upper arm 1 and the lower arm 3 of the robot arm rotate relative to each other through the joint 2, they will pull the second mounting base 45 connected to the joint 2. This pulling force causes the second protective component 44 to slide outward along the first guide groove 43. As the angle of the joint 2 changes, the protective component unfolds like a telescopic door, covering the originally exposed gap of the joint 2 to prevent external impact from damaging the internal components. When joint 2 rotates and the second protective component 44 is pulled out, it drives the first connecting plate 51 and the baffle 52 to slide. At this time, the hot air generated by the motor inside joint 2 is drawn into the space above the first guide groove 43 through the vent groove 54. When the baffle 52 slides out of the first guide groove 43 completely, the hot air is discharged to the outside through the vent on the first connecting plate 51.

[0032] When joint 2 is reset and the second protective component 44 is retracted, air is drawn in through the opening between the first connecting plate 51 and the baffle 52. Combined with the sealed environment formed by the sealing plug 53, cold air enters the interior of joint 2 in the opposite direction along the ventilation groove 54, forming a wind-cooling cooling cycle for the motor. By converting the robot's own kinetic energy into wind pressure, intelligent thermal management is achieved, which "dissipates heat during operation and maintains air intake when stopped," thus extending the life of the motor.

[0033] The first protective component 42, the first guide groove 43, and the second protective component 44 are all arc-shaped, and are all set with the joint 2 as the center point. The first guide groove 43 is slidably connected to the second protective component 44, the baffle 52 and the first connecting plate 51. The sealing plug 53 is tightly installed between the outer wall of the first connecting plate 51 and the outer wall of the baffle 52. The first guide groove 43 is connected to the ventilation groove 54.

[0034] The internal structure of the first protective component 42 is the same as that of the second protective component 44. The first protective component 42 includes a protective shell 421 and an aluminum alloy reinforcing rib 422 and a buffer layer 423 inside the protective shell 421. The first protective component 42 is fitted onto the outer wall of the protective shell 421. The protective shell 421 has multiple buffer layers 423 inside. An aluminum alloy reinforcing rib 422 is fixedly installed in the middle position of the protective shell 421. The aluminum alloy reinforcing rib 422 passes through the protective shell 421 and is fixedly connected to the fixing seat 424.

[0035] The protective shell 421 and the buffer layer 423 are correspondingly arranged. The protective shell 421 is made of aluminum foam and is ring-shaped. The protective shell 421 has round holes inside. The porosity of the multi-layer buffer layer 423 gradually decreases from the inside to the outside. The first protective component 42 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, the protective shell 421 adopts a combination of "aluminum alloy reinforcing ribs 422 + foamed aluminum buffer layer 423"; The aluminum alloy provides the necessary structural strength and shear resistance to prevent the protective housing 421 from cracking; Aluminum foam is a porous metallic material with excellent energy absorption properties.

[0037] When joint 2 is subjected to an accidental collision, the circular hole structure undergoes slight deformation, which can effectively absorb the peak energy of the impact and protect the internal precision reducer and motor from damage.

[0038] The dust removal assembly 6 also includes a fixing ring 61, a turntable 62, and a storage plate 63. The fixing ring 61 is fixed on both sides of the inner wall of the forearm 3. The fixing ring 61 is sleeved on the outer wall of the turntable 62. The bottom of the fixing ring 61 is provided with a sliding groove 68. The outer wall of the fixing ring 61 is connected to the storage plate 63 through a bearing. The inner side of the turntable 62 is provided with a plurality of third guide grooves 66. The inside of the storage plate 63 is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves 64. The inside of the second guide grooves 64 is provided with a sliding rod 65. The bottom of the sliding rod 65 passes through the storage plate 63, the third guide grooves 66 and the outer side of the turntable 62. When the second protective component 44 extends, the turntable 62 and the storage plate 63 rotate relative to each other. At the same time, the slide rod 65 slides outward inside the second guide groove 64. The slide rod 65 extends and then drives the turntable 62 and the storage plate 63 to rotate in the same direction. When the second protective component 44 retracts, the turntable 62 and the storage plate 63 first rotate in opposite directions, and then the turntable 62 and the storage plate 63 rotate relative to each other. The slide rod 65 slides inward inside the second guide groove 64 and then retracts.

[0039] The middle position of the fixed ring 61, the middle position of the turntable 62, the middle position of the storage plate 63 and the axis of the joint 2 are on the same horizontal line. The inner wall of the fixed ring 61 and the outer wall of the turntable 62 are rotatably connected. The turntable 62 and the third guide groove 66 are integrated. The fixed ring 61 is rotatably connected to the storage plate 63, and the storage plate 63 and the second guide groove 64 are integrated.

[0040] Both the slide rod 65 and the third guide groove 66 are arc-shaped and diagonally positioned to form a V-shape, which facilitates adjustment of the angle position of the slide rod 65. The bottom of the arc edge of the slide rod 65 and the bottom of the arc edge of the third guide groove 66 are on the same horizontal line. The slide rod 65 is slidably connected to the third guide groove 66 and the second guide groove 64.

[0041] The dust removal assembly 6 also includes a second connecting plate 67, a slide 68, and a connecting column 69. The second connecting plate 67 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the turntable 62. The second connecting plate 67 passes through the slide 68 and is fixedly connected to the connecting column 69. The connecting column 69 is fixedly installed on both sides of the second mounting base 45. The second connecting plate 67 and the connecting column 69 are perpendicular to each other, the connecting column 69 and the slide groove 68 are slidably connected, and the slide groove 68 and the fixing ring 61 are integrated.

[0042] As an optional embodiment, when the second protective component 44 is pulled out, it drives the second connecting plate 67 through the connecting column 69, and the second connecting plate 67 pushes the turntable 62 to rotate within the fixed ring 61; The turntable 62 is provided with a second guide groove 64, and the fixed ring 61 is provided with a third guide groove 66. The slide rod 65 passes through the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66. As the turntable 62 rotates, the shape of the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66 changes from a "V" shape at the bottom to an inverted "V" shape at the top, forcing the slide rod 65 to extend radially from the center to the edge. When the second protective component 44 is pulled out halfway, the slide bar 65 reaches its maximum extension length. As the joint 2 continues to rotate, the extended slide bar 65 acts like a windshield wiper, physically scraping and cleaning the annular gap between the upper arm 1 and the lower arm 3 from 360 degrees to prevent dust accumulation from affecting accuracy. This design utilizes a purely mechanical structure to achieve automatic dust removal, eliminating the need for regular manual cleaning and avoiding the high costs associated with cleaning electronic sensors.

[0043] The slide bar 65 includes a slider 651, an arc plate 652, and a soft brush 653. The slider 651 is installed on the outer wall of the slide bar 65. The outer wall of the slide bar 65 passes through the second guide groove 64 and is fixedly connected to the arc plate 652. The soft brush 653 is installed on the upper part of the outer wall of the arc plate 652. The bottom of the soft brush 653 is provided with a scraper 654. The scraper 654 is located on both sides of the outer wall of the arc plate 652. The slider 651 is slidably connected to the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66. One end of the arc plate 652 is higher than the other end of the arc plate 652, thus expanding the cleaning area. The scraper 654 is made of rubber.

[0044] As an optional embodiment, the slide bar 65 moves upward, causing the slider 651 to slide smoothly within the second guide groove 64 and the third guide groove 66, while simultaneously driving the arc plate 652 to rise.

[0045] The soft brush 653 on the curved plate 652 can physically scrape the gap, and the scraper 654 simultaneously catches the scraped dust to prevent it from falling back into the gap.

[0046] As the components rotate, centrifugal force is used to throw the dust accumulated above the scraper 654 outward, thus achieving automatic dust removal.

[0047] Working principle: When joint 2 rotates, it pulls the second protective component 44 to extend and retract along the first guide groove 43, covering joint 2 in real time like a "blind", which can cover the originally exposed joint 2. The extension and retraction movement of the second protective component 44 is used as a power source: when it is extended, hot air from the motor is discharged, and when it is reset, cold air is drawn in, forming a passive air-cooling cycle that requires no additional energy consumption. The movement of the second protective component 44 is achieved by the radial extension and rotation of the slide bar 65. The soft brush 653 scrapes away the dust accumulated in the gaps, and in conjunction with the scraper 654 and the centrifugal force design, the dust is automatically thrown out to prevent secondary pollution.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A robot joint protection assembly based on a foamed aluminum buffer structure, comprising a large arm (1), a joint (2) located at the bottom of the large arm (1), and a forearm (3) that rotates through the joint (2), characterized in that: Also includes A protective component (4) with extended protection and cooling functions is installed on the outer wall of the joint (2); The protective component (4) includes a first mounting base (41), a second protective component (44) that can extend and retract inside the first mounting base (41), and a first connecting plate (51) and a baffle (52) that have a sealing function with the inner wall of the first mounting base (41). When the upper arm (1) and the lower arm (3) rotate through the joint (2), the lower arm (3) pulls the second protective component (44) to slide out of the first mounting base (41), and the first connecting plate (51) and the baffle (52) slide inside the first mounting base (41) along with the second protective component (44); When the upper arm (1) and the lower arm (3) are reset, the lower arm (3) pushes the second protective component (44) to slide into the first mounting base (41), and the first connecting plate (51) and the baffle (52) slide inside the first mounting base (41) along with the second protective component (44); The inner walls of the forearm (3) are equipped with dust removal components (6) that can be cleaned in all directions. The dust removal assembly (6) includes a telescopic slide bar (65) and a second guide groove (64) and a third guide groove (66) with adjustable position angle. When the second protective component (44) extends, the slide bar (65) rotates about the center point of the joint (2), causing the slide bar (65) to move outward inside the second guide groove (64) and the third guide groove (66); When the second protective component (44) is in place, the slide bar (65) rotates around the center point of the joint (2), causing the slide bar (65) to move inward inside the second guide groove (64) and the third guide groove (66).

2. The robot joint protection component based on a foamed aluminum buffer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective assembly (4) further includes a first protective component (42) with high energy absorption characteristics and a sealing plug (53) installed on the outer wall of the first connecting plate (51) and the baffle (52). The outer wall of the joint (2) is fixed to the first mounting seat (41) by bolts. The outer wall of the first mounting seat (41) is fixed to the first protective component (42) by bolts. The first mounting seat (41) has a first guide groove (43) installed inside. The second protective component (44) is located inside the first guide groove (43). The first connecting plate (51) is fixedly connected above the second protective component (44). The baffle (52) is installed on the outer wall of the second protective component (44). The outer wall of the first connecting plate (51) is provided with a ventilation groove (54). The ventilation groove (54) is located inside the first mounting seat (41). The second mounting seat (45) is fixedly connected below the second protective component (44). The second mounting seat (45) is fixed to the upper part of the forearm (3) by bolts.

3. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first protective component (42), the first guide groove (43), and the second protective component (44) are all arranged in an arc shape, and they are all arranged with the joint (2) as the center point; The first guide groove (43) is slidably connected to the second protective component (44), the baffle (52) and the first connecting plate (51). The sealing plug (53) is tightly set between the outer wall of the first connecting plate (51) and the outer wall of the baffle (52). The first guide groove (43) is connected to the ventilation groove (54).

4. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The internal structure of the first protective component (42) is consistent with the internal structure of the second protective component (44). The first protective component (42) includes a protective shell (421) and an aluminum alloy reinforcing rib (422) and a buffer layer (423) inside the protective shell (421). The first protective component (42) is fitted on the outer wall of the protective shell (421). The protective shell (421) has multiple buffer layers (423) inside. An aluminum alloy reinforcing rib (422) is fixedly installed in the middle position of the protective shell (421). The aluminum alloy reinforcing rib (422) passes through the protective shell (421) and is fixedly connected to the fixing seat (424).

5. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective shell (421) and the buffer layer (423) are correspondingly arranged. The protective shell (421) is made of aluminum foam. The protective shell (421) is annular. The protective shell (421) has a round hole inside. The porosity of the multiple layers of the buffer layer (423) gradually decreases from the inside to the outside. The first protective component (42) is made of aluminum alloy.

6. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dust removal assembly (6) also includes a fixing ring (61), a turntable (62) and a storage plate (63). The fixing rings (61) are fixed on both sides of the inner wall of the forearm (3). The fixing rings (61) are sleeved on the outer wall of the turntable (62). The bottom of the fixing rings (61) is provided with a sliding groove (68). The outer wall of the fixing rings (61) is connected to the storage plate (63) through a bearing. The inner side of the turntable (62) is provided with a plurality of third guide grooves (66). The inside of the storage plate (63) is provided with a plurality of second guide grooves (64). The inside of the second guide grooves (64) is provided with a sliding rod (65). The bottom of the sliding rod (65) passes through the storage plate (63), the third guide grooves (66) and the outer side of the turntable (62). When the second protective component (44) extends, the turntable (62) and the storage plate (63) rotate relative to each other, and at the same time, the slide rod (65) slides outward inside the second guide groove (64). The slide rod (65) extends outward and drives the turntable (62) and the storage plate (63) to rotate in the same direction. When the second protective component (44) retracts, the turntable (62) and the storage plate (63) rotate in opposite directions first, and then the turntable (62) and the storage plate (63) rotate relative to each other. The slide rod (65) slides inward inside the second guide groove (64) and then the slide rod (65) retracts.

7. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The middle position of the fixed ring (61), the middle position of the turntable (62), the middle position of the storage plate (63) and the axis of the joint (2) are on the same horizontal line. The inner wall of the fixed ring (61) and the outer wall of the turntable (62) are rotatably connected. The turntable (62) and the third guide groove (66) are integrated. The fixed ring (61) and the storage plate (63) are rotatably connected, and the storage plate (63) and the second guide groove (64) are integrally formed.

8. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the slide rod (65) and the third guide groove (66) are arc-shaped. The slide rod (65) and the third guide groove (66) are diagonally positioned. The bottom of the arc edge of the slide rod (65) and the bottom of the arc edge of the third guide groove (66) are on the same horizontal line. The slide rod (65) is slidably connected to the third guide groove (66) and the second guide groove (64).

9. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dust removal assembly (6) further includes a second connecting plate (67), a slide groove (68), and a connecting column (69). The outer wall of the turntable (62) is fixedly connected to the second connecting plate (67). The second connecting plate (67) passes through the slide groove (68) and is fixedly connected to the connecting column (69). The connecting column (69) is fixedly installed on both sides of the second mounting base (45). The second connecting plate (67) and the connecting column (69) are arranged perpendicularly to each other. The connecting column (69) and the sliding groove (68) are slidably connected. The sliding groove (68) and the fixing ring (61) are integrated.

10. A robot joint protection component based on an aluminum foam buffer structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The slide bar (65) includes a slider (651), an arc plate (652), and a soft brush (653). The slider (651) is installed on the outer wall of the slide bar (65). The outer wall of the slide bar (65) passes through the second guide groove (64) and is fixedly connected to the arc plate (652). The soft brush (653) is installed on the upper part of the outer wall of the arc plate (652). The bottom of the soft brush (653) is provided with a scraper (654). The scraper (654) is provided on both sides of the outer wall of the arc plate (652). The sliders (651) are slidably connected to the second guide groove (64) and the third guide groove (66). One end of the arc plate (652) is higher than the other end of the arc plate (652). The scraper (654) is made of rubber.

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