Integrated tilapia pretreatment device

Abstract

The application discloses an integrated tilapia pretreatment device and relates to the field of aquatic product primary processing equipment.The device comprises a rack, a fin removing device, a scale removing device, a flow guiding conveying device, a cutting device, an internal organ removing device, a flushing device, a discharge port and a control system.The scale removing device comprises a first spindle type scale removing cylinder, a second dorsal-abdominal scale removing cylinder and a tension spring, and is used for adaptively removing the scales on the side, back and abdomen of the tilapia.The flow guiding conveying device is made of food-grade PU flat belts and elastic metal parts, and is used for stably conveying fish bodies of different specifications.The cutting device is provided with a fish cutting knife and a lead screw for adjusting the cutting depth.The internal organ removing device is provided with a shaped laparotomy plate, a rotating cleaning brush and a high-pressure flushing nozzle for removing internal organs, black membranes and residual impurities.The device solves the problems of low efficiency, high sanitary safety risk and insufficient adaptability of general equipment in manual pretreatment of the tilapia, and improves the continuous processing capacity of the tilapia in scale removing, laparotomy and internal organ removing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of primary processing equipment for aquatic products, specifically an integrated tilapia pre-processing device. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major freshwater fishery country, and pre-processing of freshwater fish is the first step in aquatic product processing. Tilapia, with its rapid growth, strong adaptability, high protein and low fat content, absence of intramuscular bones, and suitability for industrial processing, is an economically viable freshwater fish with significant processing needs. However, tilapia has a flattened body and small, densely packed scales. Traditional general-purpose fish processing equipment often suffers from problems such as scale residue, skin damage, and unstable fish transport posture when processing tilapia.

[0003] Currently, a significant portion of the pre-processing steps for tilapia, such as scaling, finning, gutting, and eviscerating, still rely on manual labor. Manual processing presents the following main problems: 1. High labor intensity and low production efficiency. Manual scaling and gutting require repeatedly turning the fish over, and the number of fish processed per unit time is limited, making it difficult to meet the continuous and large-scale production needs in aquatic product processing scenarios.

[0004] 2. Poor consistency in processing quality. Manual operation relies on the operator's experience, making it difficult to avoid issues such as scale residue, inconsistent depth of abdominal dissection, and incomplete removal of the black membrane from the fish's belly. These issues affect the quality of subsequent processing and food hygiene standards.

[0005] 3. Insufficient safety and hygiene. Scalers, gutters, and sharp spines on fish fins can all cause injury to operators, and direct human contact with the fish increases hygiene risks during processing.

[0006] Existing fish processing equipment is mostly single-function equipment, or mainly designed for a certain type of marine fish or a large number of freshwater fish. It is not well adapted to the flat body shape, dense scales, and processing rhythm of tilapia, and it is difficult to complete the continuous processes of fin removal, two-stage descaling, stable conveying, fixed-depth cutting, evisceration, and rinsing in a single device. Therefore, an integrated tilapia pre-processing device is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated tilapia pretreatment device, which aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, poor quality consistency, and high hygiene and safety risks of existing manual processing methods, as well as the problems of existing processing equipment having fragmented functions and insufficient ability to adapt to the size of tilapia.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated tilapia pre-processing device, comprising a frame, a finning device, a scaler, a flow guiding and conveying device, a cutting device, a viscera removal device, a rinsing device, and a control system. The frame serves as the support and mounting carrier for the entire machine; the finning device is located at the lower end of the machine and is primarily operated manually, used for pre-processing the dorsal fin of the tilapia; the scaler is located after the finning device and includes a primary spindle-type scaler roller and a secondary dorsal-ventral scaler roller, used for continuous scale removal from the sides, back, and abdomen of the fish; the flow guiding and conveying device connects the scaler and the cutting device, used for stable transfer and transport of the fish; the cutting device is used for regular cutting of the fish's abdomen; the viscera removal device is used to open the fish's abdomen, scrub the abdominal cavity, and rinse away residual impurities; the rinsing device is located above and below the entire processing route, used to rinse away residues and bloodstains from the fish; the discharge port is located at the end of the machine, used to discharge the processed fish; the control system receives sensor signals and controls each actuator to operate according to the process.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution, the frame is composed of European standard aluminum profiles and corner bracket connectors. The aluminum profiles enclose the frame to form the entire machine frame, and the frame is internally divided into sections for installing a fin-removing device, a scale-removing device, a flow guiding and conveying device, a cutting device, a viscera-removing device, and a rinsing device. This structure can balance strength, ease of assembly, and modular maintenance requirements.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution, the descaling device adopts a two-stage descaling structure. The first-stage spindle-shaped descaling roller conforms to the slightly flattened body shape of the tilapia, performing preliminary descaling on the sides of the fish; the second-stage dorsal and ventral descaling roller performs secondary cleaning on the hard-to-reach areas of the fish's back and abdomen. The roller surface is equipped with high-density flexible silicone protrusions, which break the bond between the fish scales and the fish's surface through the crushing and friction during the roller's rotation, achieving rapid descaling.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution, the descaling device also includes an adaptive mechanism consisting of a slide rail and a tension spring. The roller assembly can move on the slide rail according to the thickness of the fish, and the tension spring provides the roller with elastic restoring force and flexible clamping force, so that the roller and the fish body maintain stable contact, avoiding excessive pressure that could damage the fish skin, and also avoiding insufficient pressure that could leave fish scales.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution, the flow guiding and conveying device includes a flow guiding chute, a driving roller, a driven roller, a food-grade PU flat belt, and elastic sheet metal parts. The flow guiding chute is used to receive the scaled fish and allow it to fall smoothly into the conveyor belt. The food-grade PU flat belt is used to continuously convey the fish. The driving roller is connected to the drive motor and cooperates with the driven roller to maintain the stable operation of the belt. The elastic sheet metal parts can flexibly deform and extend inward to the inside of the conveyor belt under the pressure of the fish, automatically adapting to the thickness and outline dimensions of the fish and dynamically reserving a reasonable passage gap.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution, the elastic sheet metal part is disposed on the inner side of the conveyor belt and is an arc-shaped flexible buffer structure. When tilapia of different sizes enter the conveyor belt, the elastic sheet metal part can be flexibly deformed by the pressure of the fish body, automatically adapting to the contour of the fish body, reducing problems such as jamming, deviation, or excessive clamping, and improving the stability and continuity of the conveying process.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution, the cutting device consists of a fish-cutting knife, a cutting knife motor, a lead screw, and a lead screw motor. The fish-cutting knife is fixed on the fish-cutting shaft, the cutting knife motor drives the fish-cutting knife to rotate, and the guide rail and lead screw drive the cutting knife motor and the fish-cutting knife to move up and down, thereby adjusting the cutting depth and realizing the regular cutting of the tilapia's abdomen.

[0015] As a further description of the above technical solution, the viscera removal device consists of a shaping abdominal opening plate, a brush motor, a rotating cleaning brush, an viscera discharge port, and an viscera collection frame. The shaping abdominal opening plate extends into the dissected fish belly and opens the abdominal cavity. The rotating cleaning brush penetrates deep into the abdominal cavity to brush and hook up the viscera, black membrane, and impurities. The high-pressure rinsing nozzle sprays water from multiple angles to further clean the residue in the abdominal cavity. The residue flows into the viscera collection frame through the discharge port.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution, the rinsing device consists of a water pump and a high-pressure rinsing nozzle; the rinsing device is located above and below the entire processing flow, and under the treatment of the high-pressure rinsing nozzle, the residue and blood stains on the fish can be rinsed away.

[0017] As a further description of the above technical solution, the control system adopts an ESP32-S3 control board, in conjunction with diffuse reflection photoelectric sensors, vision sensors, infrared sensors, Hall effect sensors, tension sensors, and temperature sensors. Based on feedback signals such as fish positioning, residual scale identification, abdominal position, cutter speed, conveyor belt tension, and motor temperature, the control system controls the operation of the roller motor, conveyor belt motor, cutting knife motor, and brush motor, achieving coordinated operation of multiple processes.

[0018] This invention has the following advantages: In this invention, the integrated tilapia pre-processing device integrates fin removal, two-stage descaling, diversion and conveying, gutting, evisceration and cleaning into a single device, reducing the need for multiple devices to transfer and repetitive manual operations, and improving the efficiency of tilapia pre-processing.

[0019] In this invention, the combination of a spindle-type descaling roller, a dorsal and ventral descaling roller, and a slide rail spring adaptive mechanism can better adapt to the flattened body shape and fine scales of tilapia, thereby improving the descaling rate while reducing damage to the fish skin and the integrity of the fish body.

[0020] In this invention, a dual-belt conveyor, elastic sheet metal buffer, position detection, adjustable cutting depth, and brush rinsing work together to maintain a stable posture of the fish during continuous conveying, resulting in a more uniform cutting position and more thorough cleaning of internal organs. This is suitable for small and medium-sized aquatic product primary processing scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an integrated tilapia pretreatment device proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a front view of the integrated tilapia pretreatment device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a side view of the integrated tilapia pretreatment device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated tilapia pretreatment device (with control box) of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the scale removal device of the integrated tilapia pretreatment apparatus of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a front view of the scale removal device of the integrated tilapia pretreatment apparatus of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated tilapia pretreatment device and its flow guiding and conveying mechanism according to the present invention. Figure 8 This is a top view of the integrated tilapia pretreatment device and its guiding and conveying mechanism according to the present invention. In the diagram: 1-Frame; 11-Aluminum profile; 12-Corner bracket connector; 2-Fin removal device; 21-Positioning component; 22-Fin removal blade; 23-Dorsal fin outlet; 24-Fin collection frame; 3-Scale removal device; 31-First-stage spindle-type scale removal roller; 32-Second-stage dorsal and ventral scale removal roller; 33-Drum rotation motor; 34-Tension spring; 35-Slide rail; 36-Slide rail bracket; 37-Roller; 4-Flow guiding and conveying device; 41-Flow guiding chute; 42-Driven roller; 43-Driven roller; 44-Food-grade PU flat belt; 45-Elastic sheet metal part; 5-Sectioning Device; 51-Splitting knife motor; 52-Splitting knife; 53-Lead screw motor; 54-Lead screw; 6-Visceral removal device; 61-Shaping and opening plate; 62-Brush motor; 63-Rotating cleaning brush; 64-Visceral discharge port; 65-Visceral collection frame; 7-Rinsing device; 71-Water pump; 72-High-pressure rinsing nozzle; 8-Discharge port; 9-Control system; 91-ESP32-S3 control board; 92-Diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor; 93-Vision sensor; 94-Infrared sensor; 95-Hall sensor; 96-Tension sensor; 97-Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Reference Figures 1-8An integrated tilapia pretreatment device includes a frame 1, a finning device 2, a scaling device 3, a flow guiding and conveying device 4, a cutting device 5, a viscera removal device 6, a rinsing device 7, a discharge port 8, and a control system 9. The frame 1 is constructed from aluminum profiles 11, with corner brackets 12 used for frame connection and functional module installation. The finning device 2 is located at the lower end of the machine, the scaling device 3 at the front end, the flow guiding and conveying device 4 between the scaling device 3 and the cutting device 5, the cutting device 5 being positioned at the ventralization station corresponding to the conveying path, the viscera removal device 6 being positioned after the cutting station, the rinsing device 7 being located above and below the entire processing area, and the discharge port 8 being located at the end of the machine. After the viscera removal device 6, the control system 9 is connected to each actuator and sensor.

[0023] Furthermore, the frame 1, serving as the mounting carrier for all components, is constructed using European standard aluminum profiles 11. The aluminum profiles 11 are fixed together using angle bracket connectors 12. External load-bearing components utilize reinforced angle brackets to enhance frame rigidity, while internal module mounting components employ concealed L-shaped angle brackets to reduce interference. This frame structure facilitates modular installation, disassembly, and maintenance of the descaling device 3, the flow guiding and conveying device 4, the cutting device 5, and the visceration device 6.

[0024] Furthermore, the finning device 2 includes a feeding positioning component 21 and a finning cutter 22. The finning function of this equipment is primarily performed manually. The operator manually feeds the fish into the finning device for finning, making the operation simple. The operator positions the tilapia with its back facing the blade, the feeding positioning component 21 defines the fish's posture, and the finning cutter 22 removes the tilapia's dorsal fin. The dorsal fin flows through the dorsal fin outlet 23 to the fin collection frame 24. Because the dorsal fin has sharp, hard spines, pre-removing the dorsal fin reduces the possibility of fish getting stuck during subsequent roller scaling and conveying processes.

[0025] Furthermore, the descaling device 3 adopts a two-stage structure. The first-stage spindle-type descaling roller 31 is designed with a convex shape in the middle and tapering shape at both ends, taking into account the flattened body shape of tilapia, so that the roller can fit more closely to the side of the fish. The roller rotation motor 33 drives the first-stage spindle-type descaling roller 31 to rotate, and the silicone protrusions on the roller surface generate flexible friction with the side of the fish, removing most of the scales from the surface of the fish.

[0026] Furthermore, the secondary dorsal and ventral descaling roller 32 is positioned after the primary spindle-shaped descaling roller 31, primarily for secondary descaling of the hard-to-reach areas on the back and abdomen of the fish. The secondary dorsal and ventral descaling roller 32 is also driven to rotate by a roller rotation motor 33, and utilizes silicone protrusions to abrade and clean residual scales. The sequential operation of these two rollers improves the scale removal rate of tilapia.

[0027] Furthermore, the tension spring 34, slide rail 35, slide rail bracket 36, and roller 37 constitute the adaptive adjustment structure of the descaling device 3. The roller assembly is mounted on the slide rail 35. When the fish thickness increases, the roller assembly, under the pressure of the fish, moves along the slide rail 35 with the slide rail bracket 36 and roller 37, while the tension spring 34 is stretched and generates a restoring force. When the fish thickness decreases, the tension spring 34 drives the roller assembly to return to its original position. This maintains appropriate contact pressure between the roller and the fish, balancing descaling efficiency and fish protection.

[0028] Furthermore, the flow guiding and conveying device 4 includes a flow guiding chute 41, a driving roller 42, a driven roller 43, a food-grade PU flat belt 44, and an elastic sheet metal part 45. After the two-stage descaling is completed, the fish body slides smoothly down the flow guiding chute 41 onto the food-grade PU flat belt 44. The driving roller 42 is driven by a conveyor motor, and the driven roller 43 cooperates to keep the belt tensioned and centered, thereby stably conveying the fish body to the cutting station.

[0029] Furthermore, the elastic sheet metal part 45 is located inside the food-grade PU flat belt 44 and has an arc-shaped elastic structure. After the fish enters the conveyor belt, the elastic sheet metal part 45 is deformed under pressure and forms a flexible support, enabling the conveying device to adapt to the thickness and contour of tilapia of different sizes, avoiding damage to the fish due to excessive clamping or displacement of the fish due to excessive gaps.

[0030] Furthermore, the cutting device 5 includes a cutting motor 51, a cutting knife 52, a lead screw motor 53, and a lead screw 54. The cutting knife 52 is mounted on the cutting shaft, and the cutting motor 51 drives the cutting knife 52 to rotate at high speed. The lead screw motor 53 cooperates with the lead screw 54 to drive the cutting motor 51 and the cutting knife 52 to move up and down, so as to adjust the cutting depth according to the height of the fish and the position of the abdomen. The cutting knife 52 is made of 4Cr13 stainless steel, which is suitable for humid processing environments.

[0031] Furthermore, the evisceration device 6 includes a shaping abdominal opening plate 61, a brush motor 62, a rotating cleaning brush 63, an evisceration outlet 64, and an evisceration collection frame 65. After the fish body is opened by the cutting device 5, the shaping abdominal opening plate 61 extends into the fish's abdomen and opens the abdominal cavity; the fish body is driven by the conveyor belt and the brush motor 62 drives the rotating cleaning brush 63 to brush the inner wall of the abdominal cavity and hook up the evisceration, black membrane, and impurities; under the rinsing action of the rinsing device rinsing the abdominal cavity from both sides of the brush, the residual blood and debris are flushed into the evisceration collection frame 65 through the evisceration outlet 64.

[0032] Furthermore, the rinsing device 7 includes a water pump 71 and high-pressure rinsing nozzles 72. The water pump 71 requires an external water source. After being pressurized by the water pump 71, the water is delivered to each high-pressure rinsing nozzle 72. The high-pressure rinsing nozzles 72 are located above and below the entire processing flow, and can rinse away debris and blood stains on the fish.

[0033] Furthermore, the discharge port 8 is used to discharge the pre-treated tilapia, and the receiving device at the end can be manually placed to collect the tilapia.

[0034] Furthermore, the control system 9 uses the ESP32-S3 control board 91 as its core. A diffuse reflective photoelectric sensor 92 detects whether the fish has entered the workstation and is in position; a vision sensor 93 assists in identifying residual scales on the fish's surface; an infrared sensor 94 assists in determining the location of the fish's belly and the outline of its internal organs; a Hall sensor 95, a tension sensor 96, and a temperature sensor 97 monitor the cutter speed, conveyor belt tension, and motor temperature, respectively. If any abnormality is detected, the machine will immediately stop operating and trigger a fault alarm. The control system 9 controls the sequence of actions such as descaling, conveying, cutting, and brush cleaning based on feedback signals.

[0035] During operation, the operator first feeds the tilapia into the finning device 2 and removes the dorsal fin. Then, the fish is fed into the descaling device 3, where a primary spindle-type descaling roller 31 removes most of the scales from the sides, followed by a secondary dorsal and ventral descaling roller 32 to clean any remaining scales from the back and abdomen. After descaling, the fish enters the food-grade PU flat conveyor belt 44 via the guide chute 41 and reaches the cutting station. The control system 8 activates the cutting device 5 based on the arrival signal, and the fish-cutting knife 52 regularly cuts open the fish's abdomen. The gutted fish then enters the visceration device 6, where a shaping abdominal opening plate 61 opens the abdominal cavity, a rotating cleaning brush 63 removes the viscera and black membrane, and a high-pressure rinsing nozzle 72 rinses the abdominal cavity, ultimately completing the standardized pre-processing of the tilapia.

[0036] Working principle and usage process Fin removal stage: The fin removal function of this equipment is mainly completed manually. The operator manually feeds the fish into the fin removal device to remove the fins. The operation is simple.

[0037] Descaling stage: Tilapia are manually fed into the processing station. The feed sensor detects the fish's arrival signal, and the primary descaling mechanism starts operating. Through the grinding and friction of the roller brush, most of the scales on the fish's surface are removed, completing the initial descaling. After the initial descaling, the fish automatically enters the second descaling station via the conveyor structure. The secondary descaling device specifically cleans the hard-to-reach areas on the back and abdomen of the fish, thoroughly removing any remaining scales and ensuring the cleanliness of the fish's surface.

[0038] Conveying Stage: After both descaling processes are completed, the station position sensor triggers a signal, and the fish, relying on its own gravity, smoothly slides down a dedicated guide chute, completing the process transfer and being steadily conveyed to the next conveyor mechanism. The chute structure prevents the fish from getting stuck or shifting. The fish lands on the surface of a dual-belt conveyor belt, which rotates at a uniform speed, continuously and stably transporting the fish forward. Throughout the process, the conveyor belt works in conjunction with position sensors to monitor the fish conveying distance and operating status in real time, ensuring a uniform conveying rhythm.

[0039] Cutting stage: When the fish is transported to the evisceration station, the positioning sensor accurately identifies the position of the fish, and the control system triggers the start of the rotating circular blade below. The high-speed rotating circular blade makes regular cuts on the belly of the fish, completing the evisceration process; the cutting depth and position are limited by the mechanical structure to ensure the consistency of the processing.

[0040] Gutting stage: After evisceration, the fish continues to move along the conveyor belt. The abdominal opening plate automatically opens the abdominal cavity to facilitate internal operations. After the fish enters the evisceration station, the sensor feedback signal activates the rotating brush. The brush penetrates deep into the fish's abdomen and rotates to scrub, hooking and peeling off the internal organs. At the same time, the high-pressure nozzles on both sides of the brush work synchronously, spraying high-pressure water from multiple angles to flush away any remaining internal organs, blood, and impurities in the abdominal cavity, thoroughly completing the evisceration cleaning process.

Claims

1. An integrated tilapia pretreatment device includes a frame (1), a finning device (2), a scaling device (3), a flow guiding and conveying device (4), a cutting device (5), a viscera removal device (6), a rinsing device (7), a discharge port (8), and a control system (9). The frame (1) is constructed of aluminum profiles (11) to form an overall frame, and corner brackets (12) are used for frame connection and functional module installation. The finning device (2) is located at the lower end of the machine, the scaling device (3) is located at the front end of the machine, the flow guiding and conveying device (4) is located between the scaling device (3) and the cutting device (5), the cutting device (5) is set at the ventral cutting station corresponding to the conveying path, the viscera removal device (6) is set after the cutting station, the rinsing device (7) is located above and below the entire processing area, the discharge port (8) is located at the end of the entire machine, and the control system (9) is connected to each actuator and sensor after the viscera removal device (6).

2. The integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fin removal device (2) includes a feeding positioning component (21) and a fin removal cutter (22). The feeding positioning component (21) is used to limit the posture of the tilapia when removing its dorsal fin. The fin removal cutter (22) is set at the corresponding position of the dorsal fin of the fish body and is used to manually remove the dorsal fin of the tilapia. The dorsal fin flows to the fin collection frame (24) through the dorsal fin outlet (23) to reduce the interference of the hard spines of the dorsal fin on the subsequent scaling and conveying processes.

3. The integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The descaling device (3) includes a primary spindle-type descaling roller (31), a secondary dorsal and ventral descaling roller (32), a roller rotation motor (33), a tension spring (34), a slide rail (35), a slide rail bracket (36), and a roller (37). The primary spindle-type descaling roller (31) is used to adapt to the flattened body shape of tilapia and to perform preliminary descaling on the sides of the fish. The secondary dorsal and ventral descaling roller (32) is used to perform secondary cleaning of the residual scales on the back and abdomen of the fish. Silicone protrusions are distributed on the surface of the roller and flexibly rub against the surface of the fish. The tension spring (34), the slide rail (35), the slide rail bracket (36), and the roller (37) together form an adaptive adjustment mechanism, so that the roller spacing is automatically adjusted according to the change of the fish thickness.

4. The integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The silicone protrusions are high-density flexible protrusions with a height of 2mm and a spacing of 3mm. The tension spring (34) is made of 65Mn round spring steel wire with a diameter of 1mm and an effective number of 28 turns. The spring structure is used to maintain the elastic contact pressure between the roller and the fish during the descaling process, thereby reducing damage to the fish skin while removing small and dense fish scales.

5. The integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding and conveying device (4) includes a flow guiding chute (41), an active roller (42), a driven roller (43), a food-grade PU flat belt (44), and an elastic sheet metal part (45). The flow guiding chute (41) is located between the descaling device (3) and the food-grade PU flat belt (44) to allow the fish that has been descaled to be transported smoothly by its own weight. The active roller (42) is connected to the drive motor, and the driven roller (43) adjusts the belt tension. The food-grade PU flat belt (44) is used to transport the fish at a continuously adjustable speed.

6. The integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic sheet metal part (45) is an arc-shaped elastic metal buffer part, which is set inside the food-grade PU flat belt (44). When the fish moves forward with the food-grade PU flat belt (44), the elastic sheet metal part (45) is squeezed inward and deforms flexibly to automatically adapt to the thickness and outline of tilapia of different sizes, so as to avoid the fish getting stuck, deviating or being clamped too tightly during the transportation process.

7. An integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting device (5) includes a cutting motor (51), a cutting knife (52), a lead screw motor (53) and a lead screw (54). The cutting knife (52) is mounted on the cutting shaft and is connected to the output end of the cutting motor (51). The lead screw motor (53) cooperates with the lead screw (54) to drive the cutting motor (51) and the cutting knife (52) to move up and down, thereby adjusting the depth of the cutting knife (52) into the fish belly.

8. An integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fish-cleaning knife (52) is made of stainless steel 4Cr13. The outer edge of the fish-cleaning knife (52) is provided with spaced cutting notches. The cutting notches are used to improve the stability of the knife when cutting into the head and abdominal tissue of the fish. The length and depth of the cutting notches are less than the effective cutting radius of the fish-cleaning knife (52) to ensure that the fish belly incision is flat.

9. An integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visceration removal device (6) includes a shaping opening plate (61), a brush motor (62), a rotating cleaning brush (63), an visceration discharge port (64), and an visceration collection frame (65). The shaping opening plate (61) is used to insert into the fish belly that has been cut open by the cutting device (5) and open the fish abdominal cavity. The rotating cleaning brush (62) is used to brush the inner wall of the fish belly and hook and peel off the viscera and black membrane. The rinsing device uses high-pressure water flow at multiple angles to flush away the residual viscera, blood and impurities in the abdominal cavity, which flow through the visceration discharge port (64) to the visceration collection frame (65).

10. An integrated tilapia pretreatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system (9) includes an ESP32-S3 control board (91), a diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor (92), a vision sensor (93), an infrared sensor (94), a Hall sensor (95), a tension sensor (96), and a temperature sensor (97). The diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor (92) is used to detect when the fish enters the work station and when the fish is in position. The vision sensor (93) is used to identify the residual scales on the surface of the fish. The infrared sensor (94) is used to assist in identifying the position of the fish's belly and the outline of its internal organs. The Hall sensor (95), the tension sensor (96), and the temperature sensor (97) are used to monitor the cutting tool speed, the conveyor belt tension, and the motor temperature, respectively. The ESP32-S3 control board (91) controls the operation of each actuator motor according to the feedback signals from each sensor.

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