Daily-use environment-friendly ceramic product based on easy-to-clean functional glaze water modification and preparation process thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610952844.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-28
AI Technical Summary
[0002]日用陶瓷广泛应用在餐饮、家居中，是日常生活中必不可少的器皿，而环保型日用陶瓷制品更是生活中必需品，陶瓷制品釉料中含铅、镉等有害物质，存在环保安全隐患，影响使用效果
本发明环保陶瓷制品采用高岭土、钠长石等原料制成陶瓷坯，再经过易洁功能釉水涂覆形成釉层，釉水中的铈掺杂液、基于硅灰石的添加剂和改性石墨烯剂相互配合，共同协效改进，得到的陶瓷制品长效易洁、耐腐稳定以及釉层的耐久性效果显著；铈掺杂液中的氧化铈调和钛酸四丁酯、硅烷偶联剂KH550和乙醇溶剂形成的溶液，同时再配合改性海藻酸钠剂球磨改进，改性海藻酸钠剂中的海藻酸钠粉、莫来石晶须以及氮化硅、硅酸钠水溶液和盐酸多巴胺溶液共混配合，形成的改性海藻酸钠剂在体系中，更好的将铈掺杂液分散到体系中，优化铈掺杂液对产品的功能性改进；基于硅灰石的添加剂采用硅灰石、羟基磷灰石和碳纳米管以及纳米氧化钛共混改进，通过原料之间的调和配合，制成的基于硅灰石的添加剂在体系中增强体系的性能协调性，同时改性石墨烯剂经过改性液改进，得到的改性石墨烯剂与基于硅灰石的添加剂协调配合效果更佳，从而产品的性能得到进一步的改进。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic products technology, specifically to daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze and their preparation process. Background Technology
[0002] Daily-use ceramics are widely used in catering and home use, and are indispensable utensils in daily life. Environmentally friendly daily-use ceramic products are even more essential. However, ceramic products contain harmful substances such as lead and cadmium in their glazes, posing environmental and safety hazards and affecting their performance.
[0003] To optimize the easy-to-clean functionality of existing ceramic products, nano-silica is added to the glaze. However, due to the nano-bead effect, it tends to agglomerate, resulting in a loss of overall product performance and affecting product efficiency. Therefore, this invention further improves upon this approach, enhancing the product's long-term easy-to-clean properties, corrosion resistance, and glaze durability. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products and their preparation process based on easy-clean functional glaze, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution: This invention provides a preparation process for daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products modified with easy-clean functional glaze, including the following steps: first, a ceramic blank is prepared; then, an easy-clean functional glaze is applied to the surface of the ceramic blank by spraying, with a glaze layer thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm; finally, it is sintered to obtain daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products; wherein the easy-clean functional glaze includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts of cerium doped liquid, 4-7 parts of wollastonite-based additives, and 5-8 parts of graphene modifier.
[0006] Preferably, the sintering temperature for sintering is 1250-1270℃, and the sintering time is 2-3 hours; The ceramic blank is prepared by wet ball milling 25-35 parts by weight of kaolin, 10-15 parts by weight of albite, 8-12 parts by weight of quartz sand and 5-8 parts by weight of talc powder, then molding it in a mold, and then bisque firing it at 850-870℃ for 2 hours to obtain the ceramic blank.
[0007] Preferably, the method for preparing the cerium-doped solution is as follows: By weight, 3-5 parts of tetrabutyl titanate were added to 8-12 parts of ethanol solvent, then 1-2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550 and 2-3 parts of cerium oxide were added and stirred evenly to obtain cerium conditioning solution; the modified sodium alginate agent and cerium conditioning solution were mixed and ball-milled at a weight ratio of (4-6):7 until the ball milling was completed to obtain cerium doped solution.
[0008] Preferably, the modified sodium alginate agent is prepared by: By weight, 3-5 parts of sodium alginate powder, 2-5 parts of mullite whiskers and 2-5 parts of 2-5% (w / w) dopamine hydrochloride solution are mixed evenly. Then, 3-4 parts of silicon nitride and 1-2 parts of sodium silicate aqueous solution are added and ball-milled thoroughly. After ball milling, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate agent.
[0009] Preferably, the sodium silicate aqueous solution has a mass fraction of 3-6%.
[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the wollastonite-based additive is as follows: 3-5 parts by weight of wollastonite, 2-4 parts by weight of hydroxyapatite and 5-8 parts by weight of sodium citrate solution with a mass fraction of 10-15% were mixed thoroughly. Then, 2-5 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes and 1-2 parts by weight of nano titanium dioxide were added and stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain an additive based on wollastonite.
[0011] Preferably, the mixing speed of the blending process is 350-400 r / min, and the mixing time is 1 h.
[0012] Preferably, the specific preparation method of the modified graphene agent is as follows: Graphene was preheated at 210-220℃ for 1 hour and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain preheated graphene. The preheated graphene and the modification liquid were ultrasonically treated at a weight ratio of 3:(5-8) with an ultrasonic power of 350-450W for 1 hour. After ultrasonication, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain the modified graphene agent.
[0013] Preferably, the modified solution is prepared by fully blending 3-5 parts by weight of a 2-3% yttrium nitrate solution, 1-2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, and 2-3 parts by weight of nano-zirconia.
[0014] The present invention also provides daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze, which are prepared by the above-mentioned preparation process.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention relates to environmentally friendly ceramic products made from raw materials such as kaolin and albite, which are then coated with an easy-clean functional glaze to form a glaze layer. The cerium dopant, wollastonite-based additives, and modified graphene agent in the glaze work synergistically to improve the ceramic products, resulting in long-lasting easy cleaning, corrosion resistance, stability, and significant glaze durability. The cerium dopant consists of cerium oxide mixed with tetrabutyl titanate, silane coupling agent KH550, and ethanol solvent to form a solution. This solution is further improved by ball milling with a modified sodium alginate agent. The modified sodium alginate agent contains sodium alginate powder, mullite whiskers, and water-soluble silicon nitride and sodium silicate. The modified sodium alginate agent, formed by blending liquid and dopamine hydrochloride solution, better disperses the cerium dopant solution in the system, optimizing the functional improvement of the product by the cerium dopant solution. The wollastonite-based additive is improved by blending wollastonite, hydroxyapatite, carbon nanotubes, and nano-titanium oxide. Through the coordination and combination of raw materials, the wollastonite-based additive enhances the performance coordination of the system. At the same time, the modified graphene agent, after being modified by the modified liquid, has a better synergistic effect with the wollastonite-based additive, thereby further improving the performance of the product. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] Example 1: The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze includes the following steps: first, a ceramic blank is prepared, then the easy-clean functional glaze is applied to the surface of the ceramic blank by spraying, the glaze layer thickness is 0.2 mm, and finally, it is sintered to obtain daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products; wherein the easy-clean functional glaze includes the following raw materials by weight: 8 parts of cerium doped liquid, 4 parts of wollastonite-based additives and 5 parts of modified graphene agent.
[0018] In this embodiment, the sintering temperature for sintering is 1250℃, and the sintering time is 2 hours. The ceramic blank is prepared by wet ball milling 25 parts by weight of kaolin, 10 parts by weight of sodium feldspar, 8 parts by weight of quartz sand and 5 parts by weight of talc powder, then molding it in a mold, and then bisque firing it at 850℃ for 2 hours to obtain the ceramic blank.
[0019] The preparation method of the cerium-doped solution in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 3 parts of tetrabutyl titanate were added to 8 parts of ethanol solvent, then 1 part of silane coupling agent KH550 and 2 parts of cerium oxide were added and stirred evenly to obtain cerium conditioning solution; the modified sodium alginate agent and cerium conditioning solution were mixed and ball-milled at a weight ratio of 4:7, and after ball milling, cerium doped solution was obtained.
[0020] The preparation method of the modified sodium alginate agent in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 3 parts sodium alginate powder, 2 parts mullite whiskers and 2 parts 2% (w / w) dopamine hydrochloride solution were mixed evenly. Then, 3 parts silicon nitride and 1 part sodium silicate aqueous solution were added and ball-milled thoroughly. After ball milling, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate agent.
[0021] The sodium silicate aqueous solution in this embodiment has a mass fraction of 3%.
[0022] The preparation method of the wollastonite-based additive in this embodiment is as follows: Three parts by weight of wollastonite, two parts by weight of hydroxyapatite, and five parts by weight of a 10% sodium citrate solution were thoroughly mixed. Then, two parts by weight of carbon nanotubes and one part by weight of nano-titanium oxide were added and stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a wollastonite-based additive.
[0023] In this embodiment, the mixing speed for the blending process is 350 r / min, and the mixing time is 1 h.
[0024] The specific preparation method of the modified graphene agent in this embodiment is as follows: Graphene was preheated at 210℃ for 1 hour and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain preheated graphene. The preheated graphene and the modification liquid were ultrasonically treated at a weight ratio of 3:5 with an ultrasonic power of 350W for 1 hour. After ultrasonication, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain the modified graphene agent.
[0025] The modified solution in this embodiment is prepared by fully blending 3 parts by weight of 2% yttrium nitrate solution, 1 part by weight of ammonium persulfate and 2 parts by weight of nano-zirconia.
[0026] The daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic product based on easy-clean functional glaze in this embodiment is prepared by the above-described preparation process.
[0027] Example 2: The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze includes the following steps: first, a ceramic blank is prepared, then the easy-clean functional glaze is applied to the surface of the ceramic blank by spraying, the glaze layer thickness is 0.4 mm, and finally, it is sintered to obtain daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products; wherein the easy-clean functional glaze includes the following raw materials by weight: 10 parts of cerium doped liquid, 7 parts of wollastonite-based additives and 8 parts of modified graphene agent.
[0028] In this embodiment, the sintering temperature for sintering is 1270℃, and the sintering time is 3 hours. The ceramic blank is prepared by wet ball milling 35 parts by weight of kaolin, 15 parts by weight of albite, 12 parts by weight of quartz sand and 8 parts by weight of talc powder, then molding it in a mold, and then bisque firing it at 870℃ for 2 hours to obtain the ceramic blank.
[0029] The preparation method of the cerium-doped solution in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 5 parts of tetrabutyl titanate were added to 12 parts of ethanol solvent, then 2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550 and 3 parts of cerium oxide were added and stirred evenly to obtain cerium conditioning solution; the modified sodium alginate agent and cerium conditioning solution were ball-milled at a weight ratio of 6:7 until the ball milling was completed to obtain cerium doped solution.
[0030] The preparation method of the modified sodium alginate agent in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 5 parts sodium alginate powder, 5 parts mullite whiskers and 5 parts 5% (w / w) dopamine hydrochloride solution were mixed evenly. Then, 4 parts silicon nitride and 2 parts sodium silicate aqueous solution were added and ball-milled thoroughly. After ball milling, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate agent.
[0031] The sodium silicate aqueous solution in this embodiment has a mass fraction of 6%.
[0032] The preparation method of the wollastonite-based additive in this embodiment is as follows: Five parts by weight of wollastonite, four parts by weight of hydroxyapatite, and eight parts by weight of a 15% sodium citrate solution were thoroughly mixed. Then, five parts by weight of carbon nanotubes and two parts by weight of nano-titanium oxide were added and stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a wollastonite-based additive.
[0033] In this embodiment, the mixing speed for the blending process is 400 r / min, and the mixing time is 1 h.
[0034] The specific preparation method of the modified graphene agent in this embodiment is as follows: Graphene was preheated at 220°C for 1 hour and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain preheated graphene. The preheated graphene and the modification liquid were ultrasonically treated at a weight ratio of 3:8 with an ultrasonic power of 450W for 1 hour. After ultrasonication, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain the modified graphene agent.
[0035] The modified solution in this embodiment is prepared by fully blending 5 parts by weight of 3% yttrium nitrate solution, 2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 3 parts by weight of nano-zirconia.
[0036] The daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic product based on easy-clean functional glaze in this embodiment is prepared by the above-described preparation process.
[0037] Example 3: The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze includes the following steps: first, a ceramic blank is prepared, then the easy-clean functional glaze is applied to the surface of the ceramic blank by spraying, the glaze layer thickness is 0.3 mm, and finally, it is sintered to obtain daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products; wherein the easy-clean functional glaze includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 9 parts of cerium doped liquid, 5.5 parts of wollastonite-based additives and 6.5 parts of modified graphene agent.
[0038] In this embodiment, the sintering temperature is 1260℃ and the sintering time is 2.5h. The ceramic blank is prepared by wet ball milling 30 parts by weight of kaolin, 12.5 parts by weight of albite, 10 parts by weight of quartz sand and 6.5 parts by weight of talc powder, then molding it in a mold, and then bisque firing it at 860℃ for 2 hours to obtain the ceramic blank.
[0039] The preparation method of the cerium-doped solution in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 4 parts of tetrabutyl titanate were added to 10 parts of ethanol solvent, then 1.5 parts of silane coupling agent KH550 and 2.5 parts of cerium oxide were added and stirred evenly to obtain cerium conditioning solution; the modified sodium alginate agent and cerium conditioning solution were mixed and ball-milled at a weight ratio of 5:7 until the ball milling was completed to obtain cerium doped solution.
[0040] The preparation method of the modified sodium alginate agent in this embodiment is as follows: By weight, 4 parts sodium alginate powder, 3.5 parts mullite whiskers and 3.5 parts of 3.5% dopamine hydrochloride solution were mixed evenly. Then, 3.5 parts silicon nitride and 1.5 parts sodium silicate aqueous solution were added and ball-milled thoroughly. After ball milling, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate agent.
[0041] The sodium silicate aqueous solution in this embodiment has a mass fraction of 4.5%.
[0042] The preparation method of the wollastonite-based additive in this embodiment is as follows: Four parts by weight of wollastonite, three parts by weight of hydroxyapatite, and 6.5 parts by weight of a 12.5% sodium citrate solution were thoroughly mixed. Then, 3.5 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes and 1.5 parts by weight of nano-titanium oxide were added and stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain a wollastonite-based additive.
[0043] In this embodiment, the mixing speed for the blending process is 375 r / min, and the mixing time is 1 h.
[0044] The specific preparation method of the modified graphene agent in this embodiment is as follows: Graphene was preheated at 215℃ for 1 hour and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain preheated graphene. The preheated graphene and the modification liquid were ultrasonically treated at a weight ratio of 3:6.5 with an ultrasonic power of 400W for 1 hour. After ultrasonication, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain the modified graphene agent.
[0045] The modified solution in this embodiment is prepared by fully blending 4 parts by weight of 2.5% yttrium nitrate solution, 1.5 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate and 2.5 parts by weight of nano-zirconia.
[0046] The daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic product based on easy-clean functional glaze in this embodiment is prepared by the above-described preparation process.
[0047] Comparative Example 1: Unlike Example 3, no modified sodium alginate was added during the preparation of the cerium doped solution.
[0048] Comparative Example 2: Unlike Example 3, sodium alginate powder and mullite whiskers were not added in the preparation of the modified sodium alginate agent.
[0049] Comparative Example 3: Unlike Example 3, no silicon nitride and sodium silicate aqueous solution were added in the preparation of the modified sodium alginate agent.
[0050] Comparative Example 4: Unlike Example 3, no wollastonite-based additives were added.
[0051] Comparative Example 5: Unlike Example 3, carbon nanotubes and nano-titanium oxide were not added in the preparation of the wollastonite-based additive.
[0052] Comparative Example 6: Unlike Example 3, no modified graphene agent was added.
[0053] Comparative Example 7: Unlike Example 3, no modifying liquid was added during the preparation of the modified graphene agent.
[0054] Comparative Example 8: Unlike Example 3, ammonium persulfate and nano-zirconia were not added to the modified solution.
[0055] The products of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 were tested for water contact angle (standard test of GB / T30447-2013), oil removal rate (simulated edible oil stains, weighing after rinsing with water), glaze hardness, acid corrosion resistance (4% acetic acid treatment for 48h) and alkali resistance (10% sodium hydroxide treatment for 48h). The test results are shown in Table 1.
[0056] Table 1 Performance test results:
[0057] As can be seen from Comparative Examples 1-8 and Examples 1-3, the product of Example 3 has excellent easy-cleaning properties, hardness, and corrosion resistance. However, since no modified sodium alginate was added in the preparation of the cerium doping solution, no sodium alginate powder or mullite whiskers were added in the preparation of the modified sodium alginate solution, no silicon nitride or sodium silicate aqueous solution was added in the preparation of the modified sodium alginate solution, no wollastonite-based additives were added, no carbon nanotubes or nano-titanium oxide were added in the preparation of the wollastonite-based additives, no modified graphene agent was added, no modifying liquid treatment was added in the preparation of the modified graphene agent, and no ammonium persulfate or nano-zirconia were added in the modifying liquid, the performance of the product tended to deteriorate. Only when the wollastonite-based additives, modified graphene agent, and cerium doping solution obtained by the specific method of this invention are coordinated and synergistic, the performance of the product is most significant.
[0058] After washing the product 100 times, the water contact angle and oil removal rate were tested. The test results are shown in Table 2.
[0059] Table 2 Performance test results after water washing:
[0060] Performance tests conducted in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-8 showed that the products in Examples 1-3 still exhibited excellent water contact angle and oil removal rate after washing, while the products in Comparative Examples 1-8 showed varying degrees of deterioration. Only the raw materials obtained using the specific process method of this invention resulted in the most significant performance effect of the products.
[0061] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within the present invention.
[0062] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A preparation process for daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: first, prepare a ceramic blank; then, apply an easy-clean functional glaze to the surface of the ceramic blank by spraying, with a glaze layer thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm; finally, sinter to form a daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic product. The easy-clean functional glaze includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8-10 parts cerium doped solution, 4-7 parts wollastonite-based additives, and 5-8 parts modified graphene agent.
2. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sintering temperature for sintering is 1250-1270℃, and the sintering time is 2-3 hours. The ceramic blank is prepared by wet ball milling 25-35 parts by weight of kaolin, 10-15 parts by weight of albite, 8-12 parts by weight of quartz sand and 5-8 parts by weight of talc powder, then molding it in a mold, and then bisque firing it at 850-870℃ for 2 hours to obtain the ceramic blank.
3. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for preparing the cerium-doped solution is as follows: By weight, 3-5 parts of tetrabutyl titanate were added to 8-12 parts of ethanol solvent, then 1-2 parts of silane coupling agent KH550 and 2-3 parts of cerium oxide were added and stirred evenly to obtain cerium conditioning solution; the modified sodium alginate agent and cerium conditioning solution were mixed and ball-milled at a weight ratio of (4-6):7 until the ball milling was completed to obtain cerium doped solution.
4. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the modified sodium alginate agent is as follows: By weight, 3-5 parts of sodium alginate powder, 2-5 parts of mullite whiskers and 2-5 parts of 2-5% (w / w) dopamine hydrochloride solution are mixed evenly. Then, 3-4 parts of silicon nitride and 1-2 parts of sodium silicate aqueous solution are added and ball-milled thoroughly. After ball milling, the mixture is filtered and dried to obtain modified sodium alginate agent.
5. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sodium silicate aqueous solution has a mass fraction of 3-6%.
6. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the wollastonite-based additive is as follows: 3-5 parts by weight of wollastonite, 2-4 parts by weight of hydroxyapatite and 5-8 parts by weight of sodium citrate solution with a mass fraction of 10-15% were mixed thoroughly. Then, 2-5 parts by weight of carbon nanotubes and 1-2 parts by weight of nano titanium dioxide were added and stirred. After stirring, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain an additive based on wollastonite.
7. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mixing speed for the blending process is 350-400 r / min, and the mixing time is 1 h.
8. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific preparation method of the modified graphene agent is as follows: Graphene was preheated at 210-220℃ for 1 hour and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain preheated graphene. The preheated graphene and the modification liquid were ultrasonically treated at a weight ratio of 3:(5-8) with an ultrasonic power of 350-450W for 1 hour. After ultrasonication, the mixture was filtered and dried to obtain the modified graphene agent.
9. The preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification according to claim 8, characterized in that, The modified solution is prepared by fully blending 3-5 parts by weight of 2-3% yttrium nitrate solution, 1-2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate, and 2-3 parts by weight of nano-zirconia.
10. A daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic product based on easy-clean functional glaze modification, obtained by the preparation process of daily-use environmentally friendly ceramic products based on easy-clean functional glaze modification as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.