A power distribution network communication management method and device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal

Abstract

The application discloses a power distribution network communication management method and equipment based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, which receives an equipment access request through an edge terminal to match a network slice identifier, and establishes a session request with a network center; based on the session request, two-way identity authentication of the edge terminal is performed, and after the authentication, an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center is constructed, and multiple encryption transmission processing is performed on the data of the edge terminal; the communication link state in the data encryption transmission process is monitored in real time, when the communication link state reaches the preset network switching condition, the current communication network is switched over for hot standby switching processing; when the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal transmits data through double communication links in parallel within a preset transition time window, and when the preset switching condition is reached, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link. The method realizes the effects of reducing data transmission cost, reducing network switching delay and packet loss probability, and reliable data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of the intersection of power communication transmission and 5G mobile communication, and in particular to a power distribution network communication management method and equipment based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the in-depth advancement of smart grid construction and the accelerated development of new power systems, the number of equipment such as distribution automation terminals (FTU / DTU / TTU), distributed photovoltaic inverters, energy storage converters, electric vehicle charging piles, and smart sensors in the distribution network is experiencing explosive growth, placing higher demands on the real-time performance, reliability, security, and deployment economy of communication systems.

[0003] Existing communication methods in power distribution networks mainly include fiber optic communication, 4G public network communication, and wireless private lines. While fiber optic communication offers high bandwidth, low latency, and high security, it suffers from significant drawbacks such as high construction costs, long construction periods, and poor deployment flexibility, making it unsuitable for the coverage needs of complex scenarios like ring main units, basements, and cable trenches. Although 4G public network communication has wide coverage, it lacks effective service isolation capabilities, failing to meet the stringent requirements of the National Energy Administration's "Regulations on Security Protection of Power Monitoring Systems" regarding horizontal isolation between production control areas and management information areas. Furthermore, it struggles to meet the stringent requirements of remote control, remote monitoring, and remote remote sensing services in terms of latency (50-100ms) and reliability. Wireless private networks (such as LTE 230MHz) have limited bandwidth, making it difficult to support new services such as video inspection and differential protection. While 5G NR (New Radio) technology boasts advantages such as ultra-low latency and ultra-high bandwidth, its terminal module costs are high (approximately 2-5 times that of RedCap) and power consumption is significant. Its large-scale application in scenarios with massive terminal access in power distribution networks is not economically viable, making it only suitable for localized deployment in core areas.

[0004] The existing technical solutions mentioned above have the following drawbacks: First, the terminal module is expensive and consumes a lot of power, resulting in high costs when accessing large-scale networks; second, there is a lack of reliable protection mechanisms; and third, latency and packet loss are prone to occur during network switching, affecting the reliability of data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the issues of high cost, lack of reliable guarantee mechanisms, and packet loss and latency during network switching in existing technologies involving large-scale access to high-power terminal modules, this application provides a power distribution network communication management method and device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal. This method, under the constraints of the limited AT command set and computing power of the RedCap module, achieves reduced power consumption and costs through parallel processing of real-time DPI service identification, multi-algorithm encryption, and dual-transmission deduplication. It also enables dual-communication link hot standby to reduce network switching latency and packet loss probability, and achieves reliable data transmission through multi-algorithm encryption and power-off recovery.

[0006] Firstly, the above-mentioned inventive objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution: A power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, wherein the method manages access devices through an edge terminal and transmits data with the network center through the 5G RedCap communication terminal, the method comprising: The edge terminal receives a device access request, performs network slice identifier matching based on the device access request, and establishes a session request with the network center. Based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed on the edge terminal. After successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center, and the data of the edge terminal is subjected to multiple encryption transmission processes. The communication link status is monitored in real time during the encrypted data transmission process. When the communication link status reaches the preset network switching conditions, the current communication network is hot-standby switched over. When the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently through the dual communication links within the preset transition time window. When the preset back-off condition is met, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: when the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal performs data transmission concurrently through dual communication links within a preset transition time window; when a preset back-off condition is met, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link, specifically including: The edge terminal monitors the communication signal quality of the optimal communication link in real time. When the communication signal quality reaches the preset back-switch trigger condition, it determines that the optimal communication link has been restored to an available state. When the optimal communication link becomes available again, the edge terminal sends a session request for the optimal communication link to the network center to rebuild the session of the optimal communication link; Within the preset transition time window, the edge terminal simultaneously conducts dual-link concurrent communication through the current communication link and the optimal communication link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center; When the preset back-off conditions are met, the current communication network will be switched to the optimal communication link and the original communication link will be released.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: after the edge terminal performs data transmission concurrently through dual communication links within a preset transition time window when the optimal communication link is restored, and switches the current communication network to the optimal communication link when a preset back-off condition is met, the application further includes: During the interruption of session reconstruction, the service data of the edge terminal is processed by queuing and caching. Real-time data is stored in a high-priority queue, and non-real-time data is stored in a low-priority queue. After the link resumes communication, when the high-priority queue is not empty, data is transmitted first according to the data buffer order. When the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, data in the low-priority queue is sent in a round-robin manner according to the preset weight ratio.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: after the link resumes communication, when the high-priority queue is not empty, data is transmitted preferentially according to the data buffer order; when the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, data in the low-priority queue is sent in a round-robin manner according to a preset weight ratio, further comprising: When the cached data in the low-priority queue reaches the preset cache threshold, the polling sending weight ratio is dynamically adjusted and a congestion signal is sent to the network center. When the service cache data of the edge terminal exceeds the preset maximum allowable delay, subsequent service data is cached locally on the power distribution terminal and retransmitted when the cache capacity of the edge terminal allows.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: During real-time monitoring of the communication link status during encrypted data transmission, when the communication link status reaches a preset network switching condition, a hot standby switching process is performed on the current communication network, specifically including: During the encrypted data transmission process on the optimal communication link, the hot standby link conducts periodic hot standby communication with the network center. When the optimal communication link meets the preset network switching conditions, the PDU session context that has been kept alive in the hot standby link is activated, and the hot standby link is switched to the connected state to take over communication. Within the preset switching time window, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently with the optimal communication link through the hot standby link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center; Based on the data deduplication results, the data with the same sequence number that was received first is retained first. If no data is received on either link, a retransmission request is sent to the edge terminal.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: the edge terminal receives a device access request, performs network slice identifier matching based on the device access request, and establishes a session request with the network center, specifically including: The edge terminal receives the device access request from the power distribution terminal and collects the operating data of the power distribution terminal based on the data acquisition protocol and acquisition period in the device access request; The operational data is subjected to unified data format conversion and preprocessing to obtain the service type of the power distribution terminal, and network slice identifier matching is performed based on the service type; The edge terminal sends a session request carrying a network slice identifier to the network center, and the network center parses the session request and determines whether the network slice identifier matches correctly. If incorrect, the network slice identifier matching result of the edge terminal is corrected, the corrected network slice identifier result is routed to the correct slice instance, the correction result is fed back to the edge terminal, and a session is established with the edge terminal.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: the edge terminal performs two-way authentication processing based on the session request; after successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center; and the data of the edge terminal undergoes multiple encryption transmission processes, specifically including: Based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed with the network center through the 5G AKA authentication mechanism, and then re-authentication is performed through a digital certificate. After successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center. The business data in the edge terminal is encrypted multiple times based on the data type, and the encrypted business data is transmitted in encrypted form through the encrypted transmission channel.

[0013] Secondly, the above-mentioned inventive objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions: A power distribution network communication management device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, the device being applied to the aforementioned power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, the device comprising: The data acquisition and protocol conversion module is used to receive device access requests, collect power terminal data, convert data based on communication protocols, and establish a session request with the network center. The network security protection module is used to perform two-way identity authentication with the network center and to build an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center for multi-encrypted transmission of business data. The network slice access and QoS guarantee module is used to perform network slice identifier matching and correct routing of network slice identifiers; The link hot standby and self-healing module is used to monitor the status of communication links in real time and perform hot standby switching of multiple communication links according to preset network switching conditions. The power outage recovery and reliability assurance module integrates a supercapacitor to maintain continuous operation of the equipment after a power outage.

[0014] Thirdly, the above-mentioned objectives of this application are achieved through the following technical solutions: A computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the above-described power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal.

[0015] Fourthly, the above-mentioned objectives of this application are achieved through the following technical solutions: A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal.

[0016] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application uses a 5G RedCap module to replace the traditional 5G NR module and sets up an edge processing center, i.e. an edge terminal, in the power distribution terminal to reduce the transmission overhead of the power distribution terminal's service data, thereby reducing the data transmission cost of the power distribution terminal by 30%-50%, which is close to the level of 4G industrial modules and is suitable for application scenarios with large-scale deployment of power distribution equipment. 2. This application reduces the end-to-end transmission latency to 10-20ms through multiple hot standby network transmission links, which is far better than the 50-100ms of 4G communication, meeting the real-time requirements of remote control, remote telemetry and differential protection services in distribution network automation. Through seamless switching of multiple hot standby links, this application can achieve an uplink peak rate of ≥50Mbps and a downlink peak rate of ≥150Mbps, meeting the service requirements of high-definition video backhaul, etc. 3. This application integrates multiple national cryptographic algorithms and multi-layered security protection mechanisms to encrypt and protect business data in multiple ways, meeting the network security compliance requirements of the power industry. It is superior to traditional 4G terminals and adds multiple protection mechanisms such as supercapacitor power failure recovery, hardware watchdog self-recovery, and link redundancy hot standby switching, so that the average fault-free working time of edge terminals and network center reaches more than 980 hours and the communication success rate is ≥99.99%. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of the power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal in this embodiment.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of network slice access in the power distribution network communication management method of this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the network security protection system architecture of the power distribution network communication management method in this embodiment.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of a power distribution network communication management device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the physical interface layout of the power distribution network communication management equipment in this embodiment.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a physical diagram of the power distribution network communication management equipment in this embodiment.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a computer device used to implement communication management methods for power distribution networks. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that, when used in this specification, the terms “comprising” and “including” indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0027] It should also be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. As used in this specification, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms.

[0028] It should also be further understood that the term "and / or" as used in this specification refers to any combination of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0029] In one embodiment, this application discloses a power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal. This method manages access devices through an edge terminal and transmits data with the network center via the 5G RedCap communication terminal. The data transmission implementation flowchart is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include the following: S1: The edge terminal receives the device access request, performs network slice identifier matching based on the device access request, and establishes a session request with the network center.

[0030] Specifically, the network slicing access diagram in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, step S1 includes: S11: The edge terminal receives the device access request from the power distribution terminal and collects the operating data of the power distribution terminal based on the data acquisition protocol and acquisition period in the device access request.

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, the 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal equipment is fixed in the power distribution network, ring main unit, or pole-mounted switch using DIN rails or wall mounting. An external DC power supply and an external 5G antenna are connected and the antenna orientation is adjusted to obtain the best signal. In this embodiment, the DC power supply is DC12V or DC24V.

[0032] Connect to the power distribution automation terminal (FTU / DTU / TTU) via Ethernet port, or connect to the serial port device via RS485 / RS232 interface. For standard FTU terminals, connect directly via DB9 interface.

[0033] Initial configuration can be performed through the web management interface or the debug serial port, including APN parameter settings, VPN tunnel establishment, network slice binding, and data acquisition protocol selection.

[0034] The edge terminal receives device access requests from the distribution terminal. Based on the type of distribution terminal being accessed, it configures the corresponding data acquisition protocol in the Web management interface. For example, when connecting an FTU terminal, the IEC 104 protocol is selected, and when connecting a smart meter, the DL / T 645 protocol is selected. According to the configured data acquisition protocol and acquisition cycle, it collects the operating data of the distribution terminal through RS485 / RS232 or Ethernet interfaces. This includes remote signaling data such as switch opening / closing status and protection action signals, as well as telemetry data related to electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power. In this embodiment, the acquisition cycle is 1-30 seconds, which can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0035] S12: Perform unified data format conversion and preprocessing on the operating data, obtain the service type of the power distribution terminal, and perform network slice identifier matching based on the service type.

[0036] Specifically, the multi-protocol parsing engine built into the edge terminal converts runtime data of different protocol formats into a unified standard IP packet format, such as converting Modbus RTU format register data into Modbus TCP format or JSON format.

[0037] Data cleaning, deduplication, and compression are performed on the running data after it has been standardized to reduce the amount of data uploaded and improve data transmission efficiency. Test data shows that data compression can reduce the amount of data uploaded by more than 70%, which greatly reduces the computational resource overhead of data transmission.

[0038] Specifically, the business type identification adopts a lightweight deep packet inspection (DPI) mechanism based on protocol features. Combining application layer protocol field parsing and data feature rule base, the business type determination is completed during the data preprocessing stage of the edge terminal, without the need to upload to the network center. The identification process consists of the following three steps: The first step is protocol type determination: The edge terminal extracts the four-tuple from the standard IP data packets after data format conversion, and parses the source / destination IP address, source / destination port number, and transport layer protocol type (TCP / UDP). For serial port uplink data, after completing the Modbus RTU to Modbus TCP or IEC 104 format conversion, the application layer protocol header is further parsed: if the destination port of the data packet is 502 and the application layer protocol header conforms to the Modbus TCP MBAP Header format (function code field value range 0x01~0x18), it is initially determined to be a Modbus service; if the destination port of the data packet is 2404 and the APCI control field type identification field value range is 0x01~0x0D (process information transmission class message), it is initially determined to be an IEC 104 remote control / telecommunications service; if the destination port is 61968 / 61970 and the message body contains the CIM XML feature field, it is initially determined to be a dispatch data network service.

[0039] The second step is to refine the business subclass identification: After completing the protocol type determination, the business subclass identification is further performed based on the application layer feature fields of the data packet. For the IEC 104 protocol, subclassification is based on the Type ID and Cause of Transmission (COT) fields in the ASDU (Application Service Data Unit): When the Type ID is a control type identifier such as C_SC_NA_1 (0x2D) / C_DC_NA_1 (0x2E) and the COT is active (Act, 0x06), it is determined to be a remote control service, belonging to the high real-time control category; when the Type ID is a measurement / status type identifier such as M_ME_NA_1 (0x09) / M_SP_NA_1 (0x01) and the COT is periodic / cyclic (Per / Cyc, 0x01) or sudden (Spont, 0x03), it is determined to be a telemetry / tele-signaling acquisition service, belonging to the acquisition category; when the destination port of the service data is 554 / 8554 and the RTSP / RTP protocol header contains a video / H.264 media type description, it is determined to be a video surveillance service, belonging to the high-bandwidth video category. For the DL / T645 protocol, the sub-services of meter reading (collection type) and fee control issuance (control type) are distinguished according to the function code field (0x11 for read data, 0x15 for write data) and the data identifier byte.

[0040] The third step is service type confidence confirmation and fallback strategy: When the confidence of a single packet identification result is lower than a preset threshold (e.g., incomplete protocol feature fields or abnormal packet length), the edge terminal adopts a sliding window statistical strategy to conduct majority voting on the identification results of five consecutive packets, using the identification result with the most votes as the final service type. If the service type still cannot be determined after five packet votes, the pre-configured device type mapping table (the correspondence between device model and service type has been entered during device registration) is queried based on the device ID of the access device, and the device type mapping result is directly used as the service type. The above identification process is completed in the data preprocessing stage of the edge terminal, with a single identification latency of less than 1ms, meeting the real-time requirements of power distribution network services. After the above three steps of identification, the finally determined service type (control type / acquisition type / video type) is passed as an input parameter to the service-slice mapping module to perform subsequent network slice identifier matching.

[0041] The edge terminal uses a built-in service-slice mapping table to automatically match the corresponding network slice identifier (S-NSSAI) based on the service type of the service data from the distribution terminal. For example, the distribution automation remote control service matches the control type slice S-NSSAI. The service type keyword of the service data is matched with the service keyword in the service-slice mapping table. When the service keywords match, the corresponding slice is mapped to the current distribution terminal for network slice identifier matching.

[0042] S13: The edge terminal sends a session request carrying a network slice identifier to the network center. The network center parses the session request and determines whether the network slice identifier matches correctly.

[0043] Specifically, the edge terminal initiates a PDU session request to the network center. The PDU session request carries the network slice identifier S-NSSAI, and the network center uses NSSF to determine whether the network slice identifier is correctly matched.

[0044] S14: If incorrect, correct the network slice identifier matching result of the edge terminal, route the corrected network slice identifier result to the correct slice instance, feed back the correction result to the edge terminal, and establish a session with the edge terminal.

[0045] Specifically, if the match is correct, a PDU session with the edge terminal is established directly through the session request. If the match is incorrect, the network slice identifier matching result of the edge terminal is corrected, the edge terminal is routed to the correct slice instance, the correction result is fed back to the edge terminal, and a PDU session with the edge terminal is established based on the correction result.

[0046] The matching relationship between service types and network slices in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to: data types such as distribution automation and load control are matched with control slices; data types such as electricity consumption information collection, status monitoring, and massive connections are matched with collection slices; and data types such as video surveillance and drone inspections are matched with video slices, so as to achieve differentiated access for the three typical power services: control, collection, and video.

[0047] In this embodiment, differentiated QoS guarantees are provided for different slices. For example, control slices have a latency of <20ms and a reliability of >99.99%; acquisition slices support massive connections; and video slices are dynamically allocated with a peak rate of ≥50Mbps. Through end-to-end QoS guarantees, the communication quality of critical services is ensured in congested scenarios.

[0048] S2: Perform two-way authentication processing on edge terminals based on session requests. After successful authentication, establish an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center, and perform multiple encryption transmission processing on the data of the edge terminal.

[0049] Specifically, the network security protection system architecture diagram in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the network security protection architecture includes identity authentication, establishing encrypted transmission channels, and multi-layered data encryption, specifically including: S21: Based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed with the network center through the 5G AKA authentication mechanism, and then re-authentication is performed through the digital certificate. After successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is built between the edge terminal and the network center.

[0050] Specifically, based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed with the network center through the 5G AKA authentication mechanism, and re-authentication is performed through digital certificates to ensure that only authorized SIM cards can be used on designated terminals. After successful authentication, an IPSec VPN or SSL VPN encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center, optimizing the VPN channel establishment time to within 3 seconds.

[0051] S22: Perform multiple encryptions on the business data in the edge terminal based on the data type, and transmit the encrypted business data in an encrypted transmission channel.

[0052] Specifically, the business data in the edge terminal is encrypted multiple times based on the data type. In this embodiment, the national cryptographic SM4 algorithm is used to encrypt the user plane data, the SM3 algorithm is used for integrity verification, and the SM2 algorithm is used for key exchange. For critical business such as remote control commands, a 256-bit encryption key is used for encryption. After the business data is encrypted, it is transmitted in encrypted form through an encrypted transmission channel.

[0053] In this embodiment, a hierarchical key derivation and hybrid encryption system is constructed by integrating multiple national cryptographic algorithms to solve the three major defects of a single encryption algorithm in the power distribution network scenario.

[0054] First, there are security flaws in key distribution: if only SM4 symmetric encryption is used, the terminal and the master station need to pre-configure a shared key, making key updates difficult, and the breach of any terminal will lead to the leakage of the entire network's keys. This invention uses SM2 asymmetric encryption for session key negotiation, generating a temporary SM4 key independently for each session to achieve forward security.

[0055] Second, integrity verification is lacking: SM4 alone can only encrypt data and cannot prevent tampering. This invention uses the SM3 hash algorithm to generate a 32-byte digest for each data packet, which is transmitted along with the ciphertext. The receiving end recalculates and compares the digests, and any bit modification can be detected.

[0056] Third, performance and security balance: If SM2 asymmetric encryption is used exclusively, the single-packet processing latency is >50ms, failing to meet the <20ms requirement for power distribution automation; if SM4 symmetric encryption is used exclusively, key management becomes complex. This invention employs hybrid encryption: SM2 is used to encrypt the session key (only once during the handshake phase), SM4 is used to encrypt service data (each packet <1ms), and SM3 is used for integrity protection. Tests show that this scheme reduces latency by 76% compared to the SM2 scheme (from 52ms to 12ms), extends the key update cycle from 1 day to 90 days compared to the SM4 scheme, and meets the highest security level requirements of the State Secrecy Bureau's "SSL VPN Technical Specification".

[0057] In this embodiment, the edge terminal L2 / L3 firewall filters illegal network access according to preset policies, such as restricting access by users on blacklists or unauthorized lists, and supports DMZ isolation zone and port forwarding functions.

[0058] S3: Monitors the communication link status in real time during the encrypted data transmission process. When the communication link status reaches the preset network switching conditions, it performs hot standby switching of the current communication network.

[0059] Specifically, during the link switching gap, this embodiment employs a three-level mechanism of hot standby + establish-then-disconnect + packet loss compensation for hot standby link switching, which includes: S31: During the data encryption transmission process on the optimal communication link, the hot standby link conducts periodic hot standby communication with the network center.

[0060] Specifically, during the encrypted data transmission process on the optimal communication link, the hot standby link (such as 4G) always remains registered and in idle mode, not sending user data but periodically communicating with the network center via TAU to maintain the context.

[0061] S32: When the optimal communication link meets the preset network switching conditions, activate the PDU session context that has been kept alive in the hot standby link, and switch the hot standby link to the connected state to take over communication.

[0062] Specifically, real-time monitoring of the signal quality of the optimal communication link (such as 5G) includes Reference Received Power (RSRP), RSRQ (LTE Reference Received Quality), and SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio). A heartbeat mechanism monitors the communication link status with the master station. When the signal quality of the optimal communication link deteriorates below the preset network handover conditions for two consecutive cycles, such as when the signal strength is below a threshold (RSRP < -110dBm) or the packet loss rate is > 5%, the hot standby link switches to the connected state in less than 50ms. The edge terminal automatically switches to the hot standby link to communicate with the network center. Since the periodic TAU communication of S31 continuously maintains the network-side PDU session context of the hot standby link, the edge terminal directly activates the already kept-alive PDU session (executes the Service Request process, with no more than 3 signaling interactions), without needing to re-execute the complete PDU session establishment process. The average handover latency is 80ms, and the handover success rate is 100%. It should be noted that if a TAU timeout occurs within the hot standby link's TAU keep-alive period (set to T=60s in this embodiment), causing the network-side context to become invalid, or if the hot standby link unexpectedly deregisters, the process will degenerate into a complete PDU session reconstruction process (Attach+PDU Session Establishment), and the handover latency will increase to <3s. To reduce this probability, the TAU period in this embodiment is set to no more than 1 / 3 of the network-side context retention time to ensure that the keep-alive mechanism is effective under normal operating conditions.

[0063] In this embodiment, the hot standby link can also be set as a wired network. For example, a dual-link backup strategy of "fiber + 5G RedCap" can be deployed at critical nodes. Under normal network conditions, service data transmission is carried out through the 5G RedCap module. When the 5G network is inactive for a long time, it automatically switches to the wired Ethernet uplink for data transmission, with a switching time of ≤1 second.

[0064] S33: Within the preset switching time window, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently with the optimal communication link through the hot standby link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center.

[0065] Specifically, after the link switching decision is triggered, the edge terminal does not immediately switch the current transmission link, but keeps the current transmission link to continue sending data. At the same time, it activates the hot standby link to establish a new PDU session. Within the 150ms switching time window, each data packet is transmitted concurrently through the hot standby link and the optimal communication link, and only one data packet with the same sequence number is retained.

[0066] In one embodiment, the packet loss rate of critical services was verified to be 0% and the packet loss rate of ordinary services was <0.01% through actual measurement. The maximum increase in latency jitter during link switching was 15ms, which is still within the allowable range of distribution network automation. Compared with traditional switching without protection, the reliability is improved by at least two orders of magnitude.

[0067] S34: Based on the data deduplication result, prioritize retaining the data with the same sequence number that was received first. If no data is received on either link, send a retransmission request to the edge terminal.

[0068] Specifically, based on the data deduplication results, after the network center receives data packets sent from both links, it only retains a sequence number buffer of the most recent N=32 packets. That is, if two data packets with the same sequence number are received, the later one is discarded. If the sequence number was not received on the optimal communication link but was received on the hot standby link, the data packet from the standby link is used, thus achieving the goal of retaining only one data packet with the same sequence number. If no data is received on either link, a retransmission request is sent to the edge terminal.

[0069] In this embodiment, the edge terminal automatically caches control commands and collected data when the network is interrupted. The cache capacity is dynamically allocated according to the FLASH storage space. After the link is restored, ARQ and FEC technologies are used to retransmit the data.

[0070] S4: When the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently through dual communication links within the preset transition time window. When the preset back-off condition is met, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link.

[0071] Specifically, step S4 includes: S41: The edge terminal monitors the communication signal quality of the optimal communication link in real time. When the communication signal quality reaches the preset back-off trigger condition, it determines that the optimal communication link has been restored to an available state.

[0072] Specifically, the edge terminal continuously monitors the communication signal quality of the optimal communication link (such as 5G). When RSRP > -100dBm and SINR > 8dB and remain stable for 3 consecutive cycles, it indicates that the communication signal quality has reached the preset back-off trigger condition, and the optimal communication link is determined to be restored to an available state.

[0073] S42: When the optimal communication link becomes available again, the edge terminal sends a session request for the optimal communication link to the network center to rebuild the session of the optimal communication link.

[0074] Specifically, when the optimal communication link becomes available again, the edge terminal sends a session request for the optimal communication link to the network center to re-establish the session of the optimal communication link. In this embodiment, during the process of establishing the session of the optimal communication link (such as 5G), the edge terminal always maintains the service data transmission of the current communication link (such as 4G).

[0075] S43: Within the preset transition time window, the edge terminal simultaneously conducts dual-link concurrent communication through the current communication link and the optimal communication link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center.

[0076] Specifically, within the preset transition time window, which is 200ms in this embodiment, the terminal simultaneously sends the same data packet through the current communication link (4G) and the optimal communication link (5G). Furthermore, newly generated service data within this time window is sent using the optimal communication link, while forwarded but unacknowledged old data is sent through the current communication link. The network center receives the data packets sent by the two links and performs deduplication processing.

[0077] S44: When the preset back-off condition is met, switch the current communication network to the optimal communication link and release the original communication link.

[0078] Specifically, when the preset switchback conditions are met, such as the end of the transition time window or the packet loss rate of the optimal communication link is <0.1%, the system seamlessly switches back to the optimal communication link to replace the original communication link. In actual testing, it was found that the application layer was unaware of the switching of the communication link and the packet loss rate was 0.

[0079] In this embodiment, after switching back to the optimal communication link, the method further includes: S5: When an unexpected link interruption occurs (i.e., an abnormal scenario that exceeds the S4 first-establish-then-disconnect transition window), the service data of the edge terminal is processed by queuing during the link recovery period. Real-time data is stored in a high-priority queue, and non-real-time data is stored in a low-priority queue.

[0080] Specifically, newly acquired remote control commands, remote signaling changes, protection actions, and other real-time data with a time requirement of <100ms are stored in a high-priority queue, while non-real-time data such as telemetry and status data cached during network outages are stored in a low-priority queue. It should be noted that step S4, through the "build-before-disconnect" mechanism, can achieve zero-interruption and zero-packet-loss switching in normal handover scenarios, with no awareness at the application layer. S5 is not triggered within the S4 "build-before-disconnect" transition window. S5 is only activated in the following unexpected interruption scenarios: ① During the S4 transition, the optimal communication link session establishment times out (exceeding the preset threshold of 3s), the original hot standby link session is disconnected, and a new session has not yet been established, creating a brief window of inactivity; ② The handover waiting period caused by the hot standby link TAU keep-alive failure in S32 degrading to complete session reconstruction (latency less than 3s); ③ The initial registration period during the device power-on initialization phase (less than 5s). During the above unexpected interruptions, the edge terminal uses a local cache queue to cache service data. The maximum cache capacity of the local cache queue is set to 10MB, which can store key telemetry data from the most recent 15 minutes. S6: After the link resumes communication, when the high-priority queue is not empty, data is transmitted first according to the data buffer order. When the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, data in the low-priority queue is sent in a round-robin manner according to the preset weight ratio.

[0081] Specifically, after the link resumes communication, it first checks whether the high-priority queue is not empty. If it is not empty, data is transmitted sequentially according to the data buffering order of the high-priority queue. When the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, the two queues are polled in a round-robin fashion according to a preset weight ratio, and data from the low-priority queue is sent proportionally. In this embodiment, data is sent in a round-robin fashion between the high-priority queue and the low-priority queue with a weight ratio of 4:1.

[0082] Furthermore, in this embodiment, each cached data packet carries an original timestamp and a sequence number. After receiving the cached data packet, the network center maintains a sequence number window, automatically discards invalid data packets with duplicate sequence numbers, and reorders the data packets according to the original timestamp before delivering them to the application layer in chronological order.

[0083] In one embodiment, it further includes: S7: When the cached data in the low-priority queue reaches the preset cache threshold, the polling sending weight ratio is dynamically adjusted and a congestion signal is sent to the network center.

[0084] Specifically, when the cached data in the low-priority queue reaches the preset cache threshold, such as when the backlog in the low-priority queue exceeds 80% of the queue depth, the polling transmission weight is dynamically adjusted. For example, the weight ratio of 4:1 is adjusted to 7:3, that is, 30% of the link bandwidth is used to transmit the data in the low-priority queue, and a congestion signal is sent to the network center.

[0085] S8: When the service cache data of the edge terminal exceeds the preset maximum allowable delay, the subsequent service data is cached locally on the power distribution terminal and retransmission is resumed when the cache capacity of the edge terminal allows.

[0086] Specifically, when the service cache data of the edge terminal exceeds the preset maximum allowable delay, such as non-critical telemetry data > 180 seconds, the edge terminal will no longer receive subsequent service data, and will switch to local caching of the power distribution terminal. When the cache capacity of the edge terminal is lower than the maximum allowable delay, the cached data of the power distribution terminal will be restored and retransmitted to avoid invalid data blocking the link.

[0087] In one simulation example, a stable operation test was conducted on a pilot project for 180 days, and the test results are shown below: Average latency of remote signaling services: 25ms (meets the requirement of <1 second latency for distribution network automation); Average latency for telemetry services: 32ms; Average latency for remote control services: 45ms; Terminal communication success rate: 99.998% (only 5 brief link interruptions occurred during 180 days of operation, all of which were automatically recovered within 1 second); Packet loss rate: ≤0.05%; Average uplink bandwidth: 30kbps / terminal; Operating temperature: average 45℃ (maximum 55℃ inside the ring main unit); All three prototypes showed no hardware failures and the software ran stably. Remote control operation success rate: 100%; Power supply reliability improved by 25%; Fault isolation time is reduced by 40%.

[0088] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0089] In one embodiment, a power distribution network communication management device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal is provided, which corresponds one-to-one with the power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal described in the above embodiments. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a data acquisition and protocol conversion module, a network security protection module, a network slicing access and QoS guarantee module, a link hot standby and self-healing module, and a power outage recovery and reliability guarantee module. Detailed descriptions of each functional module are as follows: The data acquisition and protocol conversion module receives device access requests, collects data from power terminals, converts the data based on communication protocols, and establishes a session request with the network center. Specifically, it supports data acquisition and protocol conversion functions for multiple power communication protocols, including but not limited to: support for RS232 / RS485 interface transparent transmission mode, compatible with traditional serial port devices; support for Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP protocol parsing and data format conversion; support for IEC 101 / 104 power telemetry communication protocol parsing; support for DL / T 645 power data communication protocol; support for MQTT protocol data format connection to third-party cloud platforms; support for HTTPS protocol secure connection to third-party platforms; and support for DNP3.0 distributed network protocol. The edge terminal converts the collected data from different protocols into a unified standard IP data packet format and transmits it to the distribution network master station system via the 5G RedCap network.

[0090] The network security protection module is used for two-way authentication with the network center and to build an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center for multi-layered encrypted transmission of business data. Specifically, the network security protection module constructs a multi-layered security protection system, including: username / password authentication configuration; L2 / L3 hardware firewall supporting port forwarding, port triggers, DMZ isolation zone, remote WAN Ping control, and remote web access control; State Grid data encryption VPN 2.0 support; support for multiple VPN tunnel protocols such as PPTP, L2TP, L2TP over IPsec V3, GRE L2 / L3, VXLAN, and OpenVPN; integrated national cryptographic algorithms for encryption, supporting SM1 symmetric encryption, SM2 asymmetric encryption, SM3 hash algorithm, and SM4 block cipher algorithm; support for 5G network-side one-time authentication, SIM card binding, base station locking, and location binding security mechanisms; support for identity authentication based on digital certificates (5G AKA + digital certificate two-factor authentication); and support for IPSec VPN and SSL VPN encrypted transmission tunnels.

[0091] The network slicing access and QoS guarantee module is used to match network slice identifiers and ensure correct routing of network slice identifiers, enabling collaborative access with the 5G virtual private network slicing system.

[0092] The link hot standby and self-healing module is used to monitor the communication link status in real time and perform hot standby switching of multiple communication links according to preset network switching conditions: it supports adaptive switching between 5G RedCap and 4G / 3G / 2G multi-mode networks. When the 5G signal strength is lower than the threshold (RSRP<-110dBm), it automatically switches to the 4G network and seamlessly switches back after the 5G signal recovers; it supports wired network (Ethernet) uplink backup links; it adopts ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) technologies to automatically retransmit and correct lost or erroneous data during transmission; it establishes a heartbeat detection mechanism between the terminal and the master station, sending a heartbeat packet every 30 seconds. If the master station does not receive the heartbeat packet, it triggers the link recovery process; when the network experiences a brief interruption, the terminal automatically caches control commands and collected data, and transmits them immediately after the link is restored to achieve high reliability of the communication link.

[0093] The power outage recovery and reliability assurance module integrates a UMZSS5R5355N221225E supercapacitor module, which can continue to operate the device for a period of time after a power outage, ensuring the preservation of critical data and the orderly disconnection of communication links; a hardware watchdog timer monitors the system's operating status in real time and automatically resets and recovers in case of an anomaly; an RTC timekeeping chip ensures the continuous maintenance of time information after a power outage; dual-version backup management supports secure firmware rollback; the device casing is made of aluminum alloy, which has good heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding performance, achieving industrial-grade reliability assurance.

[0094] The power distribution network communication management equipment in this embodiment also includes: The main control processing module uses the MT7621DAT dual-core MIPS processor as the CPU main control chip with a main frequency of 880MHz. It is equipped with 256MB FLASH memory of model MX25L25645GM2I-08G, which is used to run core function programs such as embedded operating system, data acquisition protocol stack, and network management software.

[0095] The 5G RedCap communication module adopts the Dingqiao MT5710-CN 5G RedCap communication module, which is connected to the main control module through the Mini PCIe interface. It supports the 3GPP Release 17 standard and its working frequency bands cover 5G NR N1 / N3 / N5 / N8 / N28A / N41 / N78 / N79 as well as LTE-TDD Band 38 / 39 / 40 / 41 and LTE-FDD Band 1 / 3 / 8. It supports SA standalone networking mode, with downlink peak rate ≥150Mbps and uplink peak rate ≥50Mbps.

[0096] The Ethernet communication module uses the G2401CE gigabit network port isolation transformer, providing two 10 / 100 / 1000M adaptive Ethernet interfaces (one WAN / LAN adaptive interface and one LAN port), and supports standard DB9 interface for use with FTU terminals.

[0097] The serial communication module uses the CH340N USB to TTL serial port chip and the CS48505S TTL to RS485 signal chip, providing one RS485 interface and one RS232 interface, supporting Modbus RTU protocol data acquisition, and implementing two-channel serial digital signal isolation through the CA-IS3642HVW digital isolation chip.

[0098] The schematic diagram of the device physical interface layout in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0099] The BeiDou positioning module uses the ATGM332D-5N BeiDou positioning module, which provides high-precision location information and time synchronization function, and supports 1PPS time synchronization interface.

[0100] The clock module uses an INS5T8025 RTC (real-time clock) timekeeping chip. After power failure, it relies on a supercapacitor (UMZSS5R5355N221225E) to maintain clock operation and ensure time synchronization accuracy.

[0101] The power management module uses the URB2405YMD-15WR3 isolated power module, which supports a wide voltage input of DC 9V-36V, with DC12V or DC24V recommended. It has reverse connection protection, overvoltage and overcurrent protection functions, and the EMC protection level reaches level 4 standard. The power consumption of the whole machine does not exceed 10W.

[0102] The hardware watchdog module uses the TPS3851G33EDRBR system detection chip to monitor the system's operating status in real time. When a system crash or abnormal operation is detected, it automatically triggers a hardware reset to restore the device to normal operation.

[0103] The temperature monitoring module uses a DS18B20 temperature sensor to monitor the internal temperature of the device in real time. When the temperature exceeds the threshold, it automatically reduces the transmission power of the 5G module or triggers an alarm.

[0104] The device management and maintenance module supports remote device management based on TR069 or SNMP protocols; it supports a web management interface (HTTPS encrypted) for parameter configuration, status monitoring, log querying, and other operations; it supports remote version upgrades via TR069, HTTP / HTTPS, FTP, etc.; it supports on-site shell command debugging via USB debugging serial port; it supports multiple network application modes such as NAT, Router, and IP Pass Through; it supports DHCP dynamic IP allocation and static IP access methods; it has a periodic monitoring function: the terminal supports reporting device operating parameters periodically according to server instructions, including downlink / uplink data rate, downlink packet loss rate, MCS modulation and coding scheme, MIMO mode, and other performance parameters, as well as PCI physical cell identifier, RSRP reference signal received power, RSRQ reference signal received quality, SINR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, transmit power, and other RF parameters; it also has a complete log auditing function, recording key events such as device access, parameter changes, and connection status in JSON format, and supporting retrieval by time, type, and keywords.

[0105] The physical diagram of the power distribution network communication management equipment in this embodiment is shown below. Figure 6As shown, the device's casing dimensions are 144mm(H) × 81mm(W) × 32mm(D), and its weight is 350g (bare unit excluding power supply and antenna); it has two external 5G antenna interfaces; one USB expansion interface for connecting external storage devices such as USB flash drives; one USB debug serial port for on-site Shell command debugging; one reset button, which can be pressed and held to restore factory settings; indicator light design: 5G indicator light (solid on after network access), Beidou indicator light (solid on after positioning), power indicator light (solid on after power-on), and operation indicator light (flashing during normal operation); industrial-grade environmental adaptability: operating temperature -40℃~+75℃, operating humidity 10%~100%, storage temperature -45℃~+85℃; supports DIN rail mounting and wall mounting, and can be used with standardized FTUs (cover-type FTU, box-type FTU). In this embodiment, the terminal core chip uses industrial-grade components with a temperature range of -40℃ to +85℃. The PCB board is coated with conformal coating to ensure stable operation within a wide temperature range of -40℃ to +75℃. All external interfaces (network port, serial port, power port) have 4kV surge protection capability. The power input terminal adopts a two-stage surge protection design. The shell adopts a conductive continuity design and is equipped with a metal shield, meeting the requirements of GB / T 17626 series standards. The shell adopts a large-area heat dissipation fin structure, and the space between the core chip and the shell is filled with high thermal conductivity (≥4.0W / m·K) thermal grease. A temperature sensor monitors the internal temperature of the device in real time, and automatically reduces the 5G module's transmission power when it exceeds 65℃. The shell adopts a high-strength aluminum alloy unibody design, and the internal core components are fixed by a shockproof bracket. The connectors use anti-loosening nuts and elastic washers, and have passed the vibration test verification of GB / T 2423.10-2019.

[0106] In this embodiment, the power management module monitors the external power supply status in real time. When a power outage is detected, a power outage protection process is immediately triggered, namely, the supercapacitor is activated. During the supercapacitor power supply period, the main control module saves key operating data, collected data, and configuration parameters to the FLASH memory. Before the supercapacitor's power is depleted, a power outage notification message is sent to the main station, and the VPN tunnel and network connection are disconnected in an orderly manner to avoid data loss. Furthermore, after power is restored, the device automatically completes the initialization process, reads the saved data and configuration parameters from the FLASH memory, re-establishes the network connection, and uploads the data cached during the power outage to the main station.

[0107] In this embodiment, a hardware watchdog timer is used to continuously monitor the system's operating status. If the system crashes or experiences abnormal operation, such as a novelty timeout, the watchdog timer will automatically trigger a hardware reset, restoring the device to the previous stable operating version within 10 seconds to ensure the device operates normally.

[0108] Specific limitations regarding the distribution network communication management equipment based on 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminals can be found in the above-mentioned limitations on the distribution network communication management method based on 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminals, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned distribution network communication management equipment can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0109] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, network interface, and database connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The database stores data transmission data from the 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal. The network interface communicates with external terminals via a network. The computer program, executed by the processor, can implement a power distribution network communication management method based on the 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal.

[0110] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units of the various examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application of the technical solution and the constraints involved. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of the invention.

[0112] In the embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the division of units is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units can be combined into one unit, one unit can be split into multiple units, or some features can be ignored.

[0113] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0114] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0115] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, characterized in that, The method manages access devices through edge terminals and transmits data with the network center through a 5G RedCap communication terminal. The method includes: The edge terminal receives a device access request, performs network slice identifier matching based on the device access request, and establishes a session request with the network center. Based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed on the edge terminal. After successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center, and the data of the edge terminal is subjected to multiple encryption transmission processes. The communication link status is monitored in real time during the encrypted data transmission process. When the communication link status reaches the preset network switching conditions, the current communication network is hot-standby switched over. When the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently through the dual communication links within the preset transition time window. When the preset back-off condition is met, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link.

2. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently through dual communication links within a preset transition time window. When a preset switchback condition is met, the current communication network is switched to the optimal communication link. Specifically, this includes: The edge terminal monitors the communication signal quality of the optimal communication link in real time. When the communication signal quality reaches the preset back-switch trigger condition, it determines that the optimal communication link has been restored to an available state. When the optimal communication link becomes available again, the edge terminal sends a session request for the optimal communication link to the network center to rebuild the session of the optimal communication link; Within the preset transition time window, the edge terminal simultaneously conducts dual-link concurrent communication through the current communication link and the optimal communication link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center. When the preset switchback conditions are met, the current communication network will be switched to the optimal communication link and the original communication link will be released.

3. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the optimal communication link is restored, the edge terminal performs data transmission concurrently through dual communication links within a preset transition time window. After switching the current communication network to the optimal communication link when the preset back-off condition is met, the method further includes: During the interruption of session reconstruction, the service data of the edge terminal is processed by queuing and caching. Real-time data is stored in a high-priority queue, and non-real-time data is stored in a low-priority queue. After the link resumes communication, when the high-priority queue is not empty, data is transmitted first according to the data buffer order. When the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, data in the low-priority queue is sent in a round-robin manner according to the preset weight ratio.

4. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method of prioritizing data transmission according to data buffer order when the high-priority queue is not empty after the link is restored, and sending data in the low-priority queue in a round-robin fashion according to a preset weight ratio when the high-priority queue is empty and the link bandwidth is sufficient, further includes: When the cached data in the low-priority queue reaches the preset cache threshold, the polling sending weight ratio is dynamically adjusted and a congestion signal is sent to the network center. When the service cache data of the edge terminal exceeds the preset maximum allowable delay, subsequent service data is cached locally on the power distribution terminal and retransmitted when the cache capacity of the edge terminal allows.

5. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The real-time monitoring of the communication link status during encrypted data transmission, when the communication link status reaches a preset network switching condition, performs a hot standby switchover of the current communication network, specifically including: During the encrypted data transmission process on the optimal communication link, the hot standby link conducts periodic hot standby communication with the network center. When the optimal communication link meets the preset network switching conditions, the PDU session context that has been kept alive in the hot standby link is activated, and the hot standby link is switched to the connected state to take over communication. Within the preset switching time window, the edge terminal transmits data concurrently with the optimal communication link through the hot standby link, and performs data deduplication processing through the network center; Based on the data deduplication results, the data with the same sequence number that was received first is retained first. If no data is received on either link, a retransmission request is sent to the edge terminal.

6. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The edge terminal receives a device access request, performs network slice identifier matching based on the device access request, and establishes a session request with the network center, specifically including: The edge terminal receives the device access request from the power distribution terminal and collects the operating data of the power distribution terminal based on the data acquisition protocol and acquisition period in the device access request; The operational data is subjected to unified data format conversion and preprocessing to obtain the service type of the power distribution terminal, and network slice identifier matching is performed based on the service type; The edge terminal sends a session request carrying a network slice identifier to the network center, and the network center parses the session request and determines whether the network slice identifier matches correctly. If incorrect, the network slice identifier matching result of the edge terminal is corrected, the corrected network slice identifier result is routed to the correct slice instance, the correction result is fed back to the edge terminal, and a session is established with the edge terminal.

7. The power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of performing two-way authentication of the edge terminal based on the session request, establishing an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center after successful authentication, and performing multiple encryption transmission processes on the data of the edge terminal specifically includes: Based on the session request, two-way identity authentication is performed with the network center through the 5G AKA authentication mechanism, and then re-authentication is performed through a digital certificate. After successful authentication, an encrypted transmission channel is established between the edge terminal and the network center. The business data in the edge terminal is encrypted multiple times based on the data type, and the encrypted business data is transmitted in encrypted form through the encrypted transmission channel.

8. A power distribution network communication management device based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal, characterized in that, The device is applied to the power distribution network communication management method based on a 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal as described in any one of claims 1-7, and the device comprises: The data acquisition and protocol conversion module is used to receive device access requests, collect power terminal data, convert data based on communication protocols, and establish a session request with the network center. The network security protection module is used to perform two-way identity authentication with the network center and to build an encrypted transmission channel between the edge terminal and the network center for multi-encrypted transmission of business data. The network slice access and QoS guarantee module is used to perform network slice identifier matching and correct routing of network slice identifiers; The link hot standby and self-healing module is used to monitor the status of communication links in real time and perform hot standby switching of multiple communication links according to preset network switching conditions. The power outage recovery and reliability assurance module integrates a supercapacitor to maintain continuous operation of the equipment after a power outage.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the power distribution network communication management method based on the 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the power distribution network communication management method based on the 5G RedCap industrial-grade communication terminal as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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