Homogenizing pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification

Abstract

The utility model discloses a homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification. The pretreatment device comprises a heating system, a pressing system, a crushing system and a rack. The material pressing system comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a material pressing piston, one side of the material pressing piston is fixedly connected with a piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder, the other side of the material pressing piston is connected with the heating system, a heat source of the heating system comes from high-temperature flue gas generated by waste plastic gasification, and heated and softened plastic is extruded by the material pressing system to pass through a sieve plate to be crushed by the crushing system. After the homogenization pretreatment, the gas is sent to a gasification device; the device disclosed by the utility model is simple in structure, convenient to crush and high in mechanical efficiency, and effectively realizes the homogenization of the waste plastics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of plastic thermochemical conversion, and specifically relates to a homogenization pretreatment device for gasifying waste plastics. Background Art

[0002] Plastics are widely used due to their excellent performance, and a large amount of plastic waste is generated. It is urgent to find a suitable method to deal with plastic waste. Gasification is expected to become a technology for large-scale treatment of waste plastics due to its strong flexibility and high degree of resource utilization. However, waste plastics come from a wide range of sources and are of various types. Direct gasification has bottlenecks such as high energy consumption and limited gasification efficiency. Pretreatment before gasification has become a very important link.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN110848697A discloses a waste plastic cleaning process based on pyrolysis and gasification mechanism and its application. The pretreatment and premelting process of this process can achieve the uniformity of the properties of the waste plastic material before pyrolysis and gasification. However, the heat required for premelting in this process comes from external heating. After premelting, the waste plastic is first cooled and then crushed. At the same time, pretreatment such as mechanical dehydration and thermal drying is repeated with the premelting process (premelting can dehydrate and dry), which will significantly increase energy consumption in practical applications.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN114180555A discloses a system and method for preparing carbon nanotubes using waste plastics as raw materials. The pretreatment device in this system successively screens, crushes and melts the waste plastics, which can realize continuous feeding. However, this device does not consider the clogging problem of waste plastics, nor the size of plastic particles entering the pyrolysis device. However, the uneven quality of the pretreatment product will significantly affect the mass and heat transfer process, and ultimately affect the pyrolysis gasification efficiency.

[0005] Chinese patent application CN115847655A discloses an automatic temperature rise environmentally friendly granulation device, which cuts plastic into plastic sheets through a crushing mechanism and feeds them into an extrusion mechanism for hot melting. The hot melted plastic is fed into a granulation mechanism for cutting into granules, thus avoiding the disadvantage of high water content in plastic granules. However, the heat source of its "automatic temperature rise" comes from the friction during the plastic extrusion process, which is difficult to control, and two cutting steps are performed successively, without considering the blockage problem, and finally the size of the granules after cutting is not considered, resulting in low mechanical efficiency.

[0006] It can be seen that the current equipment for waste plastic pretreatment still has problems such as uneven pretreatment quality, high energy consumption, and low mechanical efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0007] In order to overcome the problems existing in the existing waste plastic pretreatment devices, the utility model proposes a homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification. The pretreatment device of the utility model first heats the waste plastic, and the softened plastic is cut by a cutter through a sieve plate under the extrusion of a piston, and then sent to a subsequent gasification device. This device has a simple structure, convenient crushing, high mechanical efficiency, and wide applicability of raw materials. It is suitable for most waste plastics in life, such as thermoplastic plastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polystyrene. It has high energy utilization and effectively realizes the homogenization of mixed waste plastics. The technical solution of the utility model is specifically described as follows.

[0008] A homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification, comprising a pressing system for compressing the waste plastic, a heating system for heating the waste plastic to soften it, a crushing system for cutting the hot-melted plastic mass into particles, and a frame; the pressing system, the heating system and the crushing system are installed on the frame;

[0009] The pressing system comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a pressing piston, one side of the pressing piston is fixedly connected to the piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder, and the other side is connected to the heating system;

[0010] The heating system includes a silo and a heating pipe. The silo is a cylindrical structure with two ends opened and arranged horizontally. A feed inlet is arranged at the top of the silo. The heating pipe is wound around the outside of the silo and is used to fill the heating medium. One side of the silo is connected to the pressing piston, and the other side is connected to the crushing system.

[0011] The crushing system comprises a screen plate, a cutter and a driving assembly. The screen plate is arranged close to the silo, the cutter is arranged close to the screen plate, the cutter is installed on a cutter shaft, and the rotation of the cutter shaft is driven by the driving assembly.

[0012] In the utility model, the frame includes a cover plate and a base, the base is used to place the driving assembly, the cover plate is installed on the upper part of the base, the cover plate and the base are provided with discharge ports, the discharge ports are used to receive the waste plastic particles crushed by the crushing system, and the dust cover is arranged near the discharge port, which is installed on the outside of the tool.

[0013] In the utility model, the heating medium is the high-temperature flue gas after the waste plastics are gasified.

[0014] In the utility model, the driving assembly comprises a driving motor, an active V-belt pulley, a driven V-belt pulley, an active bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, an active flat pulley, a driven flat pulley, a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft; the active V-belt pulley is connected to the driving motor, the driven V-belt pulley and the active bevel gear are installed on the second rotating shaft, the active bevel gear is meshed with the driven bevel gear, and the driven bevel gear and the active flat pulley are connected through the first rotating shaft.

[0015] In the utility model, the tool shaft is connected with the driven flat pulley through a key.

[0016] The working process of the device of the utility model is as follows: turn on the power supply of the driving motor and start the hydraulic cylinder. Put the waste plastic into the cylindrical silo from the conical feed port above the storage barrel, and at the same time, pass high-temperature flue gas into the heating tube, so that the waste plastic is gradually softened by heat. Turn on the external control system, give a large thrust to the piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder, so that the pressing piston slowly moves to the right, thereby pressing the plastic parts. The squeezed plastic gradually passes through the small holes on the sieve plate, and the cutter cuts the hot-melted plastic into particles. Under the constraint of the dust cover, the crushed plastic slides from the discharge port and falls into the external receiving hopper, thereby completing the pretreatment of the plastic.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0018] (1) The utility model device first heats the waste plastics, and the softened plastics are cut by a cutter through a sieve plate under the extrusion of a piston. The device has a wide range of raw material applicability and effectively realizes the homogenization of the waste plastics.

[0019] (2) The crushing system in the utility model device is convenient to crush and has high mechanical efficiency. The double use of belt drive can effectively reduce the impact load and prevent damage to the crushing system.

[0020] (3) The heating source of the device of the utility model is the high-temperature flue gas generated after the waste plastics are gasified. On the one hand, the cascade utilization of energy is realized. On the other hand, the plastics entering the subsequent gasification device have been preheated and the moisture has been removed, which significantly improves the energy utilization efficiency. This device is preferably used in the pretreatment process of thermochemical conversion of mixed waste plastics. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is an overall schematic diagram of the waste plastic pretreatment device of the utility model.

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Internal schematic diagram of the medium crushing system 300.

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the heating system 200 and the connected mechanisms.

[0024] Numbers in the figure: 100-pressing system, 101-hydraulic cylinder, 102-pressing piston, 200-heating system, 201-feeding port, 202-bin, 203-heating tube, 300-crushing system, 301-driving motor, 302-active V-pulley, 303-driven V-pulley, 304-active bevel gear, 305-driven bevel gear, 306-tool, 307-tool shaft, 308-active flat pulley, 309-driven flat pulley, 310-first rotating shaft, 311-second rotating shaft, 312-bearing frame, 313-sieve plate, 400-frame, 401-dust cover, 402-discharging port, 403-cover plate, 404-base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 , 2 3 shows a homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification, comprising a pressing system 100, a heating system 200, a crushing system 300 and a frame 400. The pressing system 100 and the heating system 200 are fixed to the upper part of the frame 400 by bolts, and the crushing system 300 is installed inside the frame 400. The pressing system 100 is used to compress the waste plastic; the heating system 200 is connected to the pressing system 100 and is used to heat the waste plastic to soften it; the crushing system 300 is connected to the heating system 200 and is used to cut the hot-melted plastic mass into particles; the frame 400 is connected to the above systems by a bolt structure to fix them.

[0027] The frame 400 includes a dust cover 401, a discharge port 402, a cover plate 403 and a base 404. The dust cover 401 is fixed to the upper part of the cover plate 403 by bolts, and the cover plate 403 is fixed to the upper part of the base 404 by a bolt structure. The discharge port 402 is opened on the cover plate 403 and the base 404.

[0028] The pressing system 100 includes a hydraulic cylinder 101 and a pressing piston 102 . The hydraulic cylinder 101 is fixed to the cover plate 403 by a bolt structure. The left side of the pressing piston 102 is connected to the piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder 101 by bolts, and the right side is embedded in the cylindrical silo 202 .

[0029] The heating system 200 includes a conical feed port 201, a cylindrical silo 202 and a heating pipe 203. The silo 202 is fixed to the cover plate 403 by a bolt structure. The feed port 201 is arranged at the upper part of the cylindrical silo 202, and the heating pipe 203 is installed outside the silo 202. The heat source of the heating system 200 is the high-temperature flue gas after the waste plastic is gasified. The high-temperature flue gas is passed into the heating pipe 203 for heating at a temperature of 200-250°C. The plastic will soften at this temperature but will not decompose.

[0030] The crushing system 300 includes a driving motor 301, an active V-belt pulley 302, a driven V-belt pulley 303, an active bevel gear 304, a driven bevel gear 305, a cutter 306, a cutter shaft 307, an active flat pulley 308, a driven flat pulley 309, a first rotating shaft 310, a second rotating shaft 311, a bearing frame 312 and a sieve plate 313. The sieve plate 313 is fixed to the upper part of the cover plate 403 by bolts. Sieve plates with different apertures can be used according to actual needs. The aperture of the sieve plate can be between 5-10 mm, and the size of the crushed plastic is 5-10 mm. The tool 306 is installed on the tool shaft 307, and the tool shaft 307 is connected to the driven flat pulley 309 by a key. The outside of the tool 306 and the driven bevel gear 305 is provided with a dust cover arranged near the discharge port 402. The base 404 is provided with a driving assembly, including a driving motor 301, an active V-belt pulley 302, a driven V-belt pulley 303, an active bevel gear 304, a driven bevel gear 305, an active flat pulley 308, a driven flat pulley 309, a first rotating shaft 310, a second rotating shaft 311 and a bearing frame 312. The driving motor 301 is fixed in the base 404 by bolts, the first rotating shaft 310 and the second rotating shaft 311 are installed on the bearing frame 312 and fixed to the base 404 by bolts, the driving V-belt pulley 302 is connected to the driving motor 301, the driven V-belt pulley 303 and the driving bevel gear 304 are installed on the second rotating shaft 311, the driving bevel gear 304 is meshed with the driven bevel gear 305, and the driven bevel gear 305 and the driving flat pulley 308 are connected through the first rotating shaft 310.

[0031] Reference Figure 2 The driving motor 301 is connected to an external power source. When the power source is turned on, the active V-belt pulley 302 at the output end can be driven to rotate, and the driven V-belt pulley 303 can be further driven to rotate. The coaxial active bevel gear 304 can be driven to rotate through the second rotating shaft 311, thereby driving the meshing driven bevel gear 305 to rotate, and the coaxial active flat belt pulley 308 can be driven to rotate through the first rotating shaft 310, thereby driving the driven flat belt pulley 309 to rotate, and then driving the tool shaft 307 and the tool 306 installed on the tool shaft 307 to rotate clockwise for cutting. In order to protect the crushing system, the belt drive is used twice: when the tool is blocked, the slippage of the drive belt can effectively reduce the impact load and prevent damage to the crushing system.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 In order to crush the soft and hard plastics from different sources at the same time, the waste plastics are put into the cylindrical silo 202 from the conical feed port 201 above. When the material is full, the high-temperature flue gas is introduced into the heating pipe 203 and heated to 200-250°C to soften the waste plastics without decomposing them. The external control system is turned on, and a large thrust is given to the piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder 101, so that the pressing piston 102 moves slowly to the right, thereby pressing the waste plastics. The squeezed plastic gradually passes through the small holes on the sieve plate 313, and the cutter 306 cuts the heated and softened plastic. Under the constraint of the dust cover 401, the crushed plastic particles fall onto the discharge port 402 and slide into the external receiving hopper through the discharge port 402, thereby completing the pretreatment of the plastic.

[0033] The implementation method of the utility model has been disclosed as above, and its purpose is to illustrate the design principle and features of the utility model, but its application in actual scenarios is not limited to this specification. Therefore, all modifications or improvements made based on the utility model are within the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A homogenization pretreatment device for gasification of waste plastics, characterized in that: It comprises a pressing system (100) for compressing waste plastics, a heating system (200) for heating the waste plastics to soften them, a crushing system (300) for cutting hot-melted plastic lumps into particles, and a frame (400); the pressing system (100), the heating system (200) and the crushing system (300) are installed on the frame (400); The material pressing system (100) comprises a hydraulic cylinder (101) and a material pressing piston (102); one side of the material pressing piston (102) is fixedly connected to a piston rod on the hydraulic cylinder (101), and the other side is connected to a heating system (200); The heating system (200) comprises a silo (202) and a heating pipe (203); the silo (202) is a cylindrical structure that is disposed transversely and is open at both ends; a feed port (201) is disposed at the top of the silo (202); the heating pipe (203) is wound around the outside of the silo (202); and the heating pipe (203) is used to fill a heating medium; one side of the silo (202) is connected to a material pressing piston (102), and the other side is connected to a crushing system (300); The crushing system (300) comprises a screen plate (313), a cutter (306) and a drive assembly. The screen plate (313) is arranged close to the silo (202), the cutter (306) is arranged close to the screen plate (313), the cutter (306) is mounted on a cutter shaft (307), and the rotation of the cutter shaft (307) is driven by the drive assembly.

2. The homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (400) comprises a cover plate (403) and a base (404), wherein the base (404) is used to place a driving assembly, the cover plate (403) is mounted on the upper part of the base (404), and a discharge port (402) is provided on the cover plate (403) and the base (404), wherein the discharge port (402) is used to receive waste plastic particles crushed by the crushing system (300), and a dust cover (401) is arranged near the discharge port (402) and is mounted on the outside of the cutter (306).

3. The homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating medium is the high-temperature flue gas after the waste plastics are gasified.

4. The homogenization pretreatment device for waste plastic gasification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly comprises a driving motor (301), a driving V-belt pulley (302), a driven V-belt pulley (303), a driving bevel gear (304), a driven bevel gear (305), a driving flat belt pulley (308), a driven flat belt pulley (309), a first rotating shaft (310) and a second rotating shaft (311); the driving V-belt pulley (302) is connected to the driving motor (301), the driven V-belt pulley (303) and the driving bevel gear (304) are mounted on the second rotating shaft (311), the driving bevel gear (304) is meshed with the driven bevel gear (305), and the driven bevel gear (305) and the driving flat belt pulley (308) are connected via the first rotating shaft (310).

5. The homogenization pretreatment device for gasification of waste plastics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tool shaft (307) is connected to the driven flat pulley (309) via a key.

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