Soil crushing device and rhizome crop harvester

Abstract

The utility model relates to a soil breaking device and a rhizome crop harvester, which comprise a rack and a conveying device connected with the rack, and also comprise an identification mechanism and a breaking mechanism, the identification mechanism comprises a first bracket connected with the rack, the first bracket is connected with a first detection part, the rack is connected with a second bracket, the breaking mechanism is connected with the first bracket, and / or the first detection part is connected with a second detection part. The support is connected with the second support. The device has the advantages that hardened soil blocks can be effectively crushed, the doping amount of impurities such as the hardened soil blocks in harvested rhizome crops is reduced, and the harvesting efficiency of the rhizome crops is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to agricultural equipment technical field especially relates to rhizome crop harvester technical field, concretely refers to a soil crushing device and rhizome crop harvester. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the planting production of crops, through mechanization to potato, sweet potato and other rhizome crops are harvested has become an important means to improve production efficiency, reduce labor intensity. In the harvesting process of rhizome crops, the separation of soil, weeds and other sundries and rhizome crops is the key link of rhizome crop harvesting. The existing rhizome crop harvester generally uses a net chain conveying device as the core device for conveying and processing the harvested materials. Through the vibration effect of the net chain conveying device during operation, the stones, weeds and small pieces of soil mixed in the harvested materials can fall to the ground, thereby achieving the purpose of separating the rhizome crops from the sundries in the harvested materials.

[0003] However, although the existing rhizome crop harvester improves the harvesting efficiency to some extent, it still has certain limitations. For example, when there are large clod blocks in the harvested materials, it is difficult to effectively break them through the vibration of the net chain conveying device. Therefore, during the harvesting process of the existing rhizome crop harvester, a large number of clod blocks are often transported together with the rhizome crops to the collection area, resulting in a high amount of sundries mixed in the harvested materials. Not only does it occupy the space in the collection area, but also it needs to occupy the rear space of the rhizome crop harvester to set up a manual sorting platform. A large number of sorting personnel are arranged at the rear of the rhizome crop harvester to conduct manual secondary sorting, which seriously affects the work efficiency of the subsequent sorting, storage, cleaning and processing of the rhizome crops, increases the harvesting cost of the rhizome crops, and reduces the harvesting efficiency, overall quality and market value of the rhizome crops. This situation is particularly evident when facing dry and severely clodded farmland. SUMMARY

[0004] The utility model provides a kind of soil crushing device and rhizome crop harvester that can effectively break up clod block, reduce the amount of sundries such as clod block mixed in rhizome crop harvested material, improve the harvesting efficiency of rhizome crops in view of the deficiencies of prior art.

[0005] The utility model is realized by the following technical solutions, provide a kind of soil crushing device, including frame and the conveying device connected with frame, still include identification mechanism, crushing mechanism, the identification mechanism includes the first support connected with frame, the first support is connected with first detection component, the crushing mechanism is connected with frame.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the first detection component can identify the hardened soil blocks larger than the set size in the harvested products on the conveying device, the crushing mechanism can crush the hardened soil blocks on the conveying device, and the crushed hardened soil blocks can fall to the ground through the vibration effect of the conveying device, so that the amount of impurities mixed in the harvested products is reduced.

[0007] Preferably, the width of the detection area of the first detection component is not less than the width of the conveying device, and the edges on the left and right sides of the conveying device are located in the detection area of the first detection component.

[0008] The width of the detection area of the first detection component is not less than the width of the conveying device, and the edges on the left and right sides of the conveying device are located in the detection area of the first detection component, so that the harvested products at any position in the width direction of the conveying device can pass through the detection area of the first detection component, and the first detection component can avoid failing to identify the hardened soil blocks or other impurities in the harvested products due to the harvested products exceeding the detection area.

[0009] Preferably, the rack is connected with a second support, the crushing mechanism comprises a first telescopic device, the first telescopic device is connected with the first support and / or the second support, and the first telescopic device is connected with a first crushing component.

[0010] Preferably, at least two first telescopic devices are arranged in the transverse direction of the conveying device, and a gap for the upward and downward movement of the first crushing components connected by the adjacent two first telescopic devices is arranged between the first crushing components.

[0011] The at least two first telescopic devices arranged in the transverse direction of the conveying device can divide the conveying belt of the conveying device into a plurality of crushing areas in the longitudinal direction of the conveying device, the first telescopic devices in different crushing areas can act as needed without simultaneous action when crushing the hardened soil blocks, the crushing efficiency of the hardened soil blocks is improved, the working frequency of the first telescopic device is reduced, and the service life of the first telescopic device is prolonged, and since the gap for the upward and downward movement of the first crushing components connected by the adjacent two first telescopic devices is arranged between the first crushing components, the space between the two first crushing components is not too large without affecting the upward and downward movement of the adjacent two first crushing components, and the hardened soil blocks can pass through between the two first crushing components.

[0012] As preferred, the moving mechanism further comprises a first linear motion component horizontally connected with the rack, the second support is slidably connected with the first linear motion component, the first linear motion component is arranged on the left side and / or the right side of the conveying device, and the front and back ends of the first linear motion component are respectively provided with blocking components.

[0013] As preferred, the moving mechanism further comprises a rack connected with the rack, a first power device connected with the second support, and a gear engaged with the rack.

[0014] The above-mentioned preferred technical scheme has the beneficial effects that when the first telescopic device drives the first crushing component to crush the hardened soil blocks and other foreign matters, the first power device can drive the second support to move along the first linear motion component, and the moving direction and speed of the second support are the same as those of the hardened soil blocks on the conveying device, thereby avoiding the relative displacement between the first crushing component and the hardened soil blocks or foreign matters in the longitudinal direction, causing damage to the first telescopic device or causing the conveying device to be stuck and damaged, and when the first crushing component completes the crushing of the hardened soil blocks, the first power device can drive the second support to return to the initial position, and the blocking components can prevent the second support from sliding off the first linear motion component.

[0015] As preferred, the moving mechanism further comprises a second mounting component, a third mounting component, and a second linear motion component, the second mounting component and the third mounting component are respectively connected with the rack, the two ends of the second linear motion component are respectively connected with the second mounting component and the third mounting component, and the second linear motion component is arranged in parallel with the first linear motion component.

[0016] As preferred, one side of the second linear motion component is threadedly connected with a fourth mounting component, the second linear motion component is sleeved with a first elastic component, and the first elastic component is respectively connected with the fourth mounting component and the second support.

[0017] The above-mentioned preferred technical scheme has the beneficial effects that when the first telescopic device drives the first crushing component to crush the hardened soil blocks and other foreign matters, the second support can move along the first linear component and the second linear component together with the hardened soil blocks and other foreign matters on the conveying device, the first elastic component can drive the second support to return to the initial position through the elastic force after the first crushing component completes the crushing of the hardened soil blocks, and the fourth mounting component can adjust the initial compression length of the first elastic component, thereby avoiding the initial elastic force of the first elastic component being too large or too small, causing the second support to be unable to move together with the hardened soil blocks and other foreign matters or the second support to be unable to return to the initial position after the first crushing component completes the crushing of the hardened soil blocks.

[0018] As preferred, the first telescopic device is connected with a third detection component.

[0019] As preferred, the first telescopic device is connected with a third detection component.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above preferred technical solutions are that: through the third detection component, the falling position of the first telescopic device driving the first crushing component can be limited, so as to avoid extrusion between the first crushing component and the conveying device; through the second detection component, the pressure applied by the first crushing component to the hardened soil block can be obtained, so as to prevent the first crushing component from forcibly crushing foreign matters when encountering hard foreign matters such as stones, so as to cause damage to the first telescopic device, the first crushing component and the conveying device, and at the same time, the subsequent crushing work of the hardened soil block is avoided.

[0021] The utility model also provides a rhizome crop harvester, including the soil crushing device of above any one. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 1;

[0023] Figure 2 It is the structural schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 Front view of;

[0025] Figure 4 It is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 2.

[0026] Shown in the figure:

[0027] 1, first support, 2, second support, 3, first detection component, 4, second detection component, 5, first telescopic device, 6, first installation component, 7, first crushing component, 8, first linear motion component, 9, rack, 10, first power device, 11, blocking component, 12, second installation component, 13, third installation component, 14, second linear motion component, 15, fourth installation component, 16, first elastic component. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solutions in the utility model embodiments will be described clearly and completely below, obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by the person skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] like Figures 1-3 The soil crushing device shown includes a frame of a root crop harvester and a conveying device connected to the frame. In this embodiment, preferably, the conveying device is a network chain conveyor, and also includes an identification mechanism, a crushing mechanism, and a moving mechanism. The identification mechanism includes a first bracket 1, which is connected to the frame. The first bracket 1 is a cantilever structure or a door structure. In this embodiment, preferably, the first bracket 1 is a door structure. The first bracket 1 spans the conveying device. The top of the first bracket 1 is vertically connected with a first detection component 3. The first detection component 3 is located above the conveying device of the root crop harvester. The width of the detection area of ​​the first detection component 3 is not less than the width of the conveying device and the edges on both sides of the conveyor belt of the conveying device are located within the detection area of ​​the first detection component 3. The first detection component 3 is an industrial camera, a camera, a laser emitter or other components with the same function. In this embodiment, preferably, the first detection component 3 is an industrial camera. Through the first detection component 3, image recognition can be performed on the harvested objects entering the detection area of ​​the first detection component 3 on the conveying device.

[0031] Taking the moving direction of the harvested material on the conveying device as the forward direction, the crushing mechanism is connected to the frame and is located in front of the identification mechanism. The frame is connected to a second bracket 2, and the second bracket 2 is a cantilever structure or a door structure. In this embodiment, preferably, the second bracket 2 is a door structure, and the second bracket 2 spans the conveying device. The crushing mechanism includes a first telescopic device 5, and the first telescopic device 5 is vertically connected to the first bracket 1 and / or vertically connected to the second bracket 2. In this embodiment, preferably, the first telescopic device 5 is vertically connected to the top of the second bracket 2. The first telescopic device 5 is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder or other devices with the same function. In this embodiment, preferably, the first telescopic device 5 is a cylinder. When the first telescopic device 5 is a cylinder or an oil cylinder, an electric-controlled switch valve and a pressure regulating valve are connected to the power source in sequence. The first telescopic device 5 is connected to a third detection component. In this embodiment, preferably, the third detection component is a magnetic switch. The third detection component can limit the extension position of the piston rod of the first telescopic device 5 to prevent the first crushing component 7 from excessive downward pressure and damaging the conveying device.

[0032] The first telescopic device 5 is connected with the second detection component 4 through the first mounting component 6, the second detection component 4 is a pressure sensor, a piezoelectric sensor or other components with the same function, preferably, the second detection component 4 is a pressure sensor in the embodiment, the bottom of the second detection component 4 is connected with the first crushing component 7, preferably, the first crushing component 7 is made of elastic rubber material in the embodiment, when the first telescopic device 5 drives the first crushing component 7 to move to the highest point, the vertical distance between the bottom of the first crushing component 7 and the upper surface of the conveying belt of the conveying device is not greater than the maximum stroke of the first telescopic device 5, and the bottom of the first crushing component 7 and the upper surface of the conveying belt of the conveying device leave a space for the rhizome crops and the harden soil block to pass through, the second detection component 4 can detect the pressure applied to the object when the first crushing component 7 contacts the object in real time;

[0033] The first telescopic device 5 is arranged on the second support 2 along the transverse direction of the conveying device and is evenly distributed, at least two first telescopic devices 5 are arranged on the second support 2 along the transverse direction of the conveying device, and the horizontal projections of the leftmost and rightmost first crushing components 7 in the first crushing components 7 connected with the plurality of first telescopic devices 5 respectively are located inside the left and right edges of the conveying device, and the plurality of first crushing components 7 divide the conveying belt of the conveying device into a plurality of crushing areas with the same width along the longitudinal direction of the conveying device, and a gap for the up-and-down movement of the first crushing components 7 is arranged between the adjacent two first crushing components 7.

[0034] The moving mechanism comprises a first linear motion component 8 horizontally connected with the rack, the first linear motion component 8 is arranged on the left or right side of the conveying device along the longitudinal direction of the conveying device, or is symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the conveying device, the first linear motion component 8 is a linear guide rail, an optical axis or other devices with the same function, preferably, the first linear motion component 8 is a linear guide rail in the embodiment, the second support 2 is slidably connected with the first linear motion component 8 through a sliding block, the moving mechanism further comprises a rack gear 9 and a first power device 10, the rack gear 9 is arranged on the left or right side of the conveying device and is horizontally connected with the rack, the rack gear 9 is arranged in parallel with the first linear motion component 8, the first power device 10 is horizontally connected with the second support 2, the first power device 10 is connected with a gear engaged with the rack gear 9, the second support 2 can be driven to move along the first linear motion component 8 by the first power device 10, and a blocking component 11 connected with the rack is arranged at the front end and the rear end of the first linear motion component 8 respectively, and the second support 2 can be prevented from being separated from the first linear motion component 8 by the blocking component 11.

[0035] The utility model further includes an electric control system, the first detection component 3, the second detection component 4, the first power device 10, the third detection component, the electric control switch valve are electrically connected with electric control system respectively.

[0036] The working principle of the utility model is as follows:

[0037] The pressure of the first telescopic device 5 is adjusted by the pressure regulating valve, so that the first crushing component 7 can have sufficient pressure to crush the hard soil block. The size of the hard soil block to be crushed, the maximum pressure value applied by the first crushing component 7 to the hard soil block or foreign matter, and the maximum extension position of the piston rod of the first telescopic device 5 are set by the electric control system;

[0038] When the root crop harvester is working, the first detection component 3 can identify the hard soil block or foreign matter reaching the set size in the harvested material on the conveying device, and determine the crushing area of the conveying device corresponding to the hard soil block or foreign matter;

[0039] The electric control system controls the extension of the piston rod of the first telescopic device 5 of the crushing area corresponding to the hard soil block or foreign matter by the electric control switch valve, drives the first crushing component 7 to move downward, until the piston rod of the first telescopic device 5 reaches the position defined by the third detection component, so that the first crushing component 7 extrudes the hard soil block or foreign matter, and the crushed soil block falls to the ground by the vibration effect during the operation of the conveying device;

[0040] While the first crushing component 7 is crushing the hard soil block, the second detection component 4 can obtain the pressure value applied by the first crushing component 7 to the hard soil block or foreign matter in real time. When the first crushing component 7 encounters a hard foreign matter such as a stone, the first crushing component 7 cannot crush it, so the pressure value obtained by the second detection component 4 gradually increases. When the pressure value obtained by the second detection component 4 reaches or exceeds the set value and remains for a set time, the electric control system drives the first crushing component 7 to rise by the first telescopic device 5, so as to avoid that the first crushing component 7 forcibly crushes the foreign matter, causing damage to the first telescopic device 5, the first crushing component 7 or the conveying device, thereby delaying the subsequent crushing work of the hard soil block;

[0041] When the pressure value obtained by the second detection component 4 starts to increase from the initial value, it indicates that the first crushing component 7 starts to crush the hard soil block or foreign matter. At this time, the first power device 10 drives the second support 2 to start moving along the first straight line movement component 8 according to the movement direction of the harvested material on the conveying device, and the movement speed of the second support 2 is the same as the movement speed of the conveying belt of the conveying device, so as to prevent the relative displacement between the first crushing component 7 and the hard soil block or foreign matter in the longitudinal direction, causing damage to the first telescopic device 5 and the second detection component 4, or causing the conveying device to be stuck and damaged.

[0042] The embodiment also provides a root crop harvester applying the above soil crushing device.

[0043] Embodiment 2:

[0044] AsFigure 4 As shown in the drawings, the same parts as those of the embodiment 1 are not described again, the moving mechanism comprises a second mounting part 12, a third mounting part 13, a second linear motion part 14 and a fourth mounting part 15, the second mounting part 12 and the third mounting part 13 are respectively located at the front and rear sides of the first linear motion part 8, the second mounting part 12 and the third mounting part 13 are respectively connected with the frame, the second linear motion part 14 is arranged in parallel with the first linear motion part 8, two ends of the second linear motion part 14 are respectively connected with the second mounting part 12 and the third mounting part 13, the second support 2 is slidably connected with the second linear motion part 14 through a third linear motion part, in the embodiment, preferably, the second linear motion part 14 is an optical axis, the third linear motion part is a linear bearing, a first elastic part 16 is sleeved on the second linear motion part 14, in the embodiment, preferably, the first elastic part 16 is a compression spring, one side of the second linear motion part 14 is provided with an external thread, the fourth mounting part 15 is threadedly connected with the second linear motion part 14, and the position of the fourth mounting part 15 is fixed through a nut or a set screw, two ends of the first elastic part 16 are respectively connected with the fourth mounting part 15 and the second support 2, when the first crushing part 7 crushes the hard soil block or the foreign matter, the second support 2 can be moved along the first linear motion part 8 through the second linear motion part 14 and the third linear motion part, and the movement direction and the movement speed of the second support 2 and the harvested matter on the conveying belt of the conveying device are kept consistent, and the second support 2 can be reset through the first elastic part 16 after the telescopic part of the first telescopic device 5 is retracted.

[0045] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit the present application; based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the present application. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can be modified, or some technical features can be replaced equivalently; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A soil crushing device, comprising a frame and a conveying device connected to the frame, characterized in that: It also includes an identification mechanism and a crushing mechanism. The identification mechanism includes a first bracket (1) connected to the frame. The first bracket (1) is connected to a first detection component (3). The crushing mechanism is connected to the frame.

2. A soil crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the detection area of ​​the first detection component (3) is not less than the width of the conveying device, and the left and right edges of the conveying device are both located within the detection area of ​​the first detection component (3).

3. The soil crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame is connected to a second bracket (2), and the crushing mechanism comprises a first telescopic device (5), the first telescopic device (5) being connected to the first bracket (1) and / or to the second bracket (2), and the first telescopic device (5) being connected to a first crushing component (7).

4. A soil crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: At least two of the first telescopic devices (5) are arranged in the transverse direction of the conveying device, and a gap is provided between the first crushing components (7) connected to two adjacent first telescopic devices (5) for the first crushing components (7) to move up and down.

5. The soil crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The invention also includes a moving mechanism, wherein the moving mechanism includes a first linear motion component (8) horizontally connected to the frame, the second bracket (2) is slidably connected to the first linear motion component (8), the first linear motion component (8) is arranged on the left side and / or the right side of the conveying device, and blocking components (11) are respectively provided at the front and rear ends of the first linear motion component (8).

6. A soil crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moving mechanism further comprises a rack (9) and a first power device (10), wherein the rack (9) is connected to the frame, the rack (9) is arranged in parallel with the first linear motion component (8), the first power device (10) is connected to the second bracket (2), and the first power device (10) is connected to a gear meshing with the rack (9).

7. The soil crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The moving mechanism further comprises a second mounting component (12), a third mounting component (13), and a second linear motion component (14); the second mounting component (12) and the third mounting component (13) are respectively connected to the frame; both ends of the second linear motion component (14) are respectively connected to the second mounting component (12) and the third mounting component (13); and the second linear motion component (14) is arranged in parallel with the first linear motion component (8).

8. The soil crushing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: One side of the second linear motion component (14) is threadedly connected to a fourth mounting component (15), the second linear motion component (14) is sleeved with a first elastic component (16), and the first elastic component (16) is respectively connected to the fourth mounting component (15) and the second bracket (2).

9. The soil crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first telescopic device (5) is connected to a third detection component.

10. The soil crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first telescopic device (5) is connected to the first crushing component (7) via the second detection component (4).

11. A root crop harvester, characterized in that: The soil crushing device comprises the soil crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

Images