Visualized Soil Model Experimental Device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a visual soil model experimental device, which includes an experimental box, a base, a control cabinet, a compressor, a pressure tank, and a water tank. The control cabinet is electrically connected to the compressor and the pressure tank, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the inlet pipeline of the pressure tank. The pressure tank and the water tank are fixedly mounted on the top end face of the base. The outlet of the pressure tank is connected to the inlet pipeline of the water tank, and the outlet of the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipeline. The top of the experimental box is open, and telescopic devices are fixed on both sides of the top of the experimental box. A support frame is fixed between the top ends of the two telescopic devices. An annular water pipe is fixed on the bottom end face of the support frame. A nozzle is installed on the outer wall of the annular water pipe. The nozzle communicates with the inside of the annular water pipe, and the inlet of the annular water pipe is connected to the water inlet pipeline.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and hydrogeological experimental technology, specifically to a visual soil model experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] Groundwater seepage creates dynamic pore water pressure through hydraulic gradients, reducing effective soil stress and weakening shear strength. During rainfall infiltration, the suction of the unsaturated soil matrix decreases or even disappears, leading to a significant reduction in the soil's resistance to sliding. Rising groundwater levels (such as during the rainy season or groundwater recharge) can cause clay swelling and sand liquefaction, reducing the soil's compression modulus and triggering uneven settlement. All of these factors contribute to the deterioration of slope stability and the destruction of structural stability.

[0003] Currently, indoor experiments on groundwater seepage and rainfall still have the following problems: indoor simulation experiments on groundwater seepage and rainfall generally only control a single factor, and there are few experimental studies on the combined effect of the two situations. The simulation experiments on observing the coupling of groundwater seepage and rainfall and combining different soil layers are not flexible enough, which affects the study of soil stability. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a visual soil model experimental device.

[0005] This utility model is implemented by the following technical solution: a visual soil model experimental device, which includes an experimental box, a base, a control cabinet, a compressor, a pressure tank, and a water tank;

[0006] The control cabinet is electrically connected to the compressor and the pressure tank, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the inlet pipeline of the pressure tank.

[0007] The pressure tank and the water tank are fixedly mounted on the top end face of the base. The outlet of the pressure tank is connected to the inlet pipeline of the water tank, and the outlet of the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipeline.

[0008] The experimental box has an open top. Telescopic devices are fixed on both sides of the top of the experimental box. A support frame is fixed between the tops of the two telescopic devices. An annular water pipe is fixed to the bottom end face of the support frame. A nozzle is installed on the outer wall of the annular water pipe. The nozzle communicates with the inside of the annular water pipe. A water inlet line is connected to the inlet of the annular water pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, pulleys are respectively installed on the bottom end face of the experimental box and the bottom end face of the base.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer wall of the experimental chamber and the outer wall of the telescopic device are respectively provided with vertically set scale labels.

[0011] Furthermore, the experimental chamber includes a stainless steel frame, and the four sides and bottom wall of the stainless steel frame are provided with transparent thickened acrylic sheets, which are bolted to the stainless steel frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the rear side wall of the experimental chamber is provided with several seepage holes. A capillary tube is fixed to one side of the seepage hole inside the experimental chamber, and the seepage hole is connected to the outlet of the water tank through a seepage water pipeline on the other side of the experimental chamber. The seepage water pipeline is equipped with a peristaltic pump.

[0013] Furthermore, a hook is fixed in the middle of the two telescopic devices, and a rain gauge is detachably connected between the two hooks.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic device is a telescopic rod, and a camera is fixed on the telescopic rod, with the camera facing the inside of the experimental chamber.

[0015] Advantages of this utility model: The main body of the experimental chamber adopts a stainless steel frame and a thickened acrylic transparent plate, which takes into account both structural strength and visualization requirements. The scale label helps to observe key parameters such as seepage depth and wetting front dynamics. With the cooperation of the camera and the transparent acrylic plate, the time node of soil failure under coupled conditions can be effectively observed.

[0016] By linking the air pressure tank and water tank, and with the cooperation of the ring water pipe, nozzle, capillary tube, etc., the rainfall intensity and groundwater seepage pressure can be synchronously adjusted to accurately reproduce complex working conditions. The multi-pore layered seepage system (three upper, four middle, and three lower pore positions) combined with the adjustable capillary length can achieve precise control of the seepage path of different soil layer structures (such as sand-clay interlayer).

[0017] The transparent geotechnical simulation test chamber features a detachable front panel design, supporting rapid switching between landslide experiments and closed soil surface observation modes to meet the needs of multiple scenarios. This device can perform coupled experiments on soil layers under complex conditions for rainfall and groundwater seepage, while the two experiments can also be run independently. It can meet various experiments on soil layer damage caused by rainfall and groundwater seepage, and is highly flexible in observing the coupling of groundwater seepage and rainfall. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Control cabinet; 2. Compressor; 3. Pressure tank; 4. Water tank; 5. Water inlet pipe; 6. Experimental chamber; 7. Telescopic device; 8. Support frame; 9. Ring water pipe; 10. Nozzle; 11. Pulley; 12. Stainless steel frame; 13. Transparent thickened acrylic sheet; 14. Seepage hole; 15. Capillary tube; 16. Seepage water pipe; 17. Peristaltic pump; 18. Scale label ruler; 19. Camera; 20. Hook; 21. Rain gauge; 22. Base. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the visual soil model experimental device includes an experimental box 6, a base 22, a control cabinet 1, a compressor 2, a pressure tank 3, and a water tank 4.

[0023] Control cabinet 1 is electrically connected to compressor 2 and pressure tank 3. The output end of compressor 2 is connected to the inlet pipeline of pressure tank 3. Pressure tank 3 and water tank 4 are fixedly mounted on the top end face of base 22. The outlet of pressure tank 3 is connected to the inlet pipeline of water tank 4, and the outlet of water tank 4 is connected to the water inlet pipeline 5. The simulated rainfall mechanism first turns on compressor 2 to fill pressure tank 3 with air. The output pressure of compressor 2 is adjustable from 0-1 kPa. It is adjusted to the set value by the controller built into control cabinet 1. Then water is injected into water tank 4. The water level line can be observed to determine whether the water injection volume is up to standard. Water tank 4 can control the water volume to meet the needs of different rainfall conditions. Control cabinet 1 connects water tank 4 and pressure tank 3. The amount of rainfall is controlled by controlling the pressure supplied by pressure tank 3.

[0024] The experimental chamber 6 has an open top. Telescopic devices 7 are fixed to both sides of the top of the chamber 6, and a support frame 8 is fixed between the tops of the two telescopic devices 7. A ring-shaped water pipe 9 is fixed to the bottom end of the support frame 8. A nozzle 10 is installed on the outer wall of the ring-shaped water pipe 9, and the nozzle 10 is connected to the interior of the ring-shaped water pipe 9. A water inlet line 5 is connected to the inlet of the ring-shaped water pipe 9. Rainfall simulation is achieved through the ring-shaped water pipe 9, nozzle 10, and water inlet line 5, resulting in uniform rainfall and a better rain scouring effect. The support frame 8 is freely detachable and its height can be adjusted via the telescopic devices 7 to meet different rainfall requirements for various experiments. When the height H of the rain frame is ≥ 2.5m, raindrops with a diameter of 1-5mm can be sufficiently accelerated to the natural rainfall terminal velocity (3-9m / s). For every 1m decrease in height, approximately 18% of kinetic energy is lost.

[0025] The bottom end face of the experimental box 6 and the bottom end face of the base 22 are respectively equipped with pulleys 11 for easy movement.

[0026] The experimental chamber 6 includes a stainless steel frame 12, with transparent thickened acrylic panels 13 on all four sides and the bottom wall. The internal soil filling can be observed through these panels to ensure experimental requirements are met. The transparent thickened acrylic panels 13 are bolted to the stainless steel frame 12. The transparent thickened acrylic panels 13 can be freely disassembled for easy cleaning after experiments and replacement of side panels for different needs. 3mm thick silicone sealing strips are installed at the joints to prevent water seepage. The front panel of the experimental chamber 6 is detachable, supporting quick switching between landslide experiments and closed-loop soil surface observation modes to meet various scenario requirements.

[0027] The rear side wall of the experimental chamber 6 has several seepage holes 14. The spacing of the seepage holes 14 is non-uniformly distributed with a top row of 30cm, a middle row of 30cm, and a bottom row of 40cm. The distribution of three holes at the top, four holes in the middle, and three holes at the bottom forms a stratified seepage system. A capillary tube 15 is fixed to one side of the seepage hole 14 inside the experimental chamber 6. The end of the capillary tube 15 is closed, and micropores are provided on the side wall. The seepage hole 14 is connected to the outlet of the water tank 4 through a seepage water pipe 16 on the side outside the experimental chamber 6. The seepage hole 14 is connected to the capillary tube and the seepage water pipe. The connection between the lines 16 is a tight connection using a combination of convex threads and screw threads. The seepage water pipeline 16 is equipped with a peristaltic pump 17. The cooperation of the seepage hole 14 and the capillary tube 15 simulates the difference in permeability of different strata. By burying the capillary tube 15 in the soil layer and injecting water, the seepage of groundwater in the soil layer is simulated. The required water flow is injected into the hole at a preset rate. The formation time of the preferred flow path is observed through the side wall of the transparent experimental box 6 to verify the soil seepage model. The simulated rainfall mechanism and the groundwater seepage mechanism can operate simultaneously.

[0028] The outer walls of the experimental chamber 6 and the telescopic device 7 are respectively equipped with vertically set scale rulers 18. During filling, it can support the use of a vibratory compactor for layered compaction. Different soil samples can be filled at the same time and different soil shapes can be adjusted. The thickness of the soil layer is measured by the scale rulers 18.

[0029] The telescopic device 7 is a telescopic rod. The outer wall of the telescopic rod is equipped with a locking device. Specifically, the telescopic rod can be locked by using positioning holes and fastening bolts. A camera 19 is fixed on the telescopic rod. The camera 19 is set facing the inside of the experimental box 6. The camera 19 can capture the soil surface erosion.

[0030] A hook 20 is fixed in the middle of the two telescopic devices 7. A rain gauge 21 is detachably connected between the two hooks 20. The function of the rain gauge 21 is to collect the water sprayed from the nozzle 10 before the experiment begins and record the amount of precipitation per unit time. After the amount of precipitation per unit time is measured, the rain gauge 21 is removed when conducting subsequent experiments.

[0031] This device can perform coupled experiments on soil layers under complex conditions in response to rainfall and groundwater seepage. It can effectively observe the time point of soil layer failure under coupled conditions. At the same time, the two experiments can be run independently, which can meet the requirements of various experiments on soil layer failure caused by rainfall and groundwater seepage.

[0032] The specific operation process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0033] 1. Preliminary preparations:

[0034] Move the transparent test chamber 6 to a relatively flat area that is easy to collect and drain water. Hang the rain gauge 21 inside the test chamber 6. Then connect the water tank 4 to the compressor 2. Start the water filling and pressurization test on the water tank 4 and the pressure tank 3. Observe whether there is any air or water leakage. After checking that there is no problem, connect the control cabinet 1 and pressurize it to 150kpa-300kpa for 30 minutes. Measure the water height in the rain gauge 21 and calculate the amount of rainfall.

[0035] 2. Experimental phase;

[0036] 2.1. Disassemble the front panel of the test chamber, fill the slope soil according to the designed slope, and use a vibratory compactor (frequency 20Hz, amplitude 2mm) to compact the soil during filling. Calibrate the slope angle with a level. Insert capillary tubes 15 into the upper, middle and lower rows of seepage holes 14 on the rear panel. The tube length is adjusted according to the target seepage layer (the upper row of tubes is 10-50cm to simulate shallow seepage, the middle row is 50-100cm to simulate mid-layer perched water, and the lower row is 100-150cm to simulate deep confined water). Inject water at a preset flow rate (0.1-5.0mL / min) through the peristaltic pump 17. Raise the support frame 8 to a height of H≥2.5m and install nozzles 10 of different diameters to simulate different rainfall conditions. Start seepage and rainfall simultaneously. Observe the diffusion path of the moist front inside the slope through the transparent acrylic plate 13. The camera 19 records the slope erosion and collapse time points, and the slope angle can be controlled using a level.

[0037] 2.2. The capillary tube 15 is made of polyvinyl chloride. The orientation of the micropores is adjusted by rotating the tube to achieve anisotropic control of the non-uniform seepage field. The thickness of the soil layer is determined by the graduated label ruler 18 on the stainless steel frame 12. The front side plate is installed to form a closed box. The soil is filled in horizontal layers. The thickness of each layer is controlled by the ruler label (accuracy ±0.5mm). Only the seepage hole 14 in the middle of the rear side plate is used. The vertical capillary tube 15 (tube length 80-100cm) is inserted to simulate homogeneous seepage. The constant pressure water tank supplies a flow rate of 1.0mL / min. The support frame 8 is lowered to a height of H=1.0m. Different diameter nozzles 10 can be installed to simulate different rainfall conditions. The seepage / rainfall system can be operated alone or synchronously. The vertical advance speed of the wetting front caused by the change of pore water pressure inside the soil layer is observed through the transparent side plate. The camera 19 captures the formation time of surface runoff and the development process of erosion gullies.

[0038] 3. Finally, the computer software is connected to the control cabinet 1 to control the air pressure tank 3 to apply air pressure to the water tank, so that the rain nozzle 10 can spray evenly to simulate the rainfall process. The other water outlet valve of the water tank injects the required water flow into the hole at a preset rate through the peristaltic pump 17 (accuracy ±0.1mL / min). The water flow can evenly penetrate into the soil layer through the capillary tube 15, thereby simulating the effect of groundwater seepage. After the rainfall and groundwater seepage start, the camera can record. The speed of the wet front advance is measured by the scale label 18. In the soil slope experiment, the camera 19 captures the sound signal of soil cracking and the phenomenon of slope toe heave when the sliding surface is formed. In the soil surface experiment, the camera 19 can determine the critical point of the disappearance of matrix suction in the unsaturated area by the color change of the soil surface. The rainfall experiment can record the dynamic process of soil surface erosion and capture the triggering moment of local slope collapse.

[0039] 4. The groundwater seepage experiment records the diffusion process of water from the seepage hole 14 into the soil in real time through the transparent acrylic plate 13, capturing the advancement path and speed of the wetting front (the interface of abrupt change in soil moisture content).

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. Visual soil model experimental device, characterized in that, It includes an experimental box, a base, a control cabinet, a compressor, a pressure tank, and a water tank; The control cabinet is electrically connected to the compressor and the pressure tank, and the output end of the compressor is connected to the inlet pipeline of the pressure tank; The pressure tank and the water tank are fixedly arranged on the top end surface of the base. The outlet of the pressure tank is connected to the inlet pipeline of the water tank, and the outlet of the water tank is connected to the water inlet pipeline; The upper end of the experimental box is open. Telescopic devices are respectively fixed on both sides of the top end of the experimental box. A support frame is fixed between the tops of the two telescopic devices. A circular water pipe is fixed on the bottom end surface of the support frame. Sprayers are installed on the outer wall of the circular water pipe. The sprayers are communicated with the inside of the circular water pipe. The water inlet of the circular water pipe is connected to the water inlet pipeline; A number of seepage holes are formed in the rear side wall of the experimental box. Capillaries are fixed on one side of the seepage holes inside the experimental box. The seepage holes on the outside of the experimental box are connected to the outlet of the water tank through a seepage water pipeline. A peristaltic pump is installed on the seepage water pipeline.

2. The visualization soil mass model experimental device according to claim 1, wherein Pulleys are respectively installed on the bottom end surface of the experimental box and the bottom end surface of the base.

3. The visualization soil body model experimental device according to claim 2, wherein Vertically arranged scale label rulers are respectively provided on the outer wall of the experimental box and the outer wall of the telescopic device.

4. The visualization soil body model experimental device according to claim 3, wherein The experimental box includes a stainless steel frame. Transparent thickened acrylic plates are provided on the surrounding side walls and the bottom wall of the stainless steel frame. The transparent thickened acrylic plates are bolted to the stainless steel frame.

5. The visualization soil body model experimental device according to claim 4, characterized in that Hooks are fixed in the middle of the two telescopic devices. A rain gauge is detachably connected between the two hooks.

6. The visualization soil body model experimental device according to claim 5, wherein, The telescopic device is a telescopic rod, and a camera is fixed on the telescopic rod. The camera is arranged towards the inside of the experimental box.

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