A fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device

Abstract

This utility model provides a fertilizer de-caking and crushing screening device, belonging to the technical field of fertilizer screening devices. It includes a fixedly installed screening tank, with an inlet and an outlet connected to the top and bottom of the screening tank, respectively. A dispersing disc is rotatably installed in the upper part of the screening tank, located below the inlet. Several flexible striking rods are hinged around the dispersing disc. A drive source that can drive the dispersing disc to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the screening tank. An arc-shaped screen plate is also fixedly installed at an inclination in the lower part of the screening tank. Several screen holes are evenly arranged on the arc-shaped screen plate. By rotating the dispersing disc, the material is quickly distributed, and the flexible striking rods selectively crush it, achieving efficient crushing of large agglomerated materials and effective protection of normal particles. It solves the problem of fragile particles and easy pulverization in mechanical crushing. At the same time, with the help of the inclined arc-shaped screen plate, qualified particles and uncrushed materials are continuously separated during the screening process. It has the technical effects of compact structure, gentle crushing and continuous screening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of fertilizer screening devices, and in particular to a fertilizer de-caking and crushing screening device. Background Technology

[0002] During the granulation, cooling, packaging and storage of fertilizers (especially compound fertilizers, urea, ammonium nitrate, etc.), finished fertilizers are prone to clumping due to internal crystallization, moisture absorption and compression. This not only affects the appearance of the product, but also causes great inconvenience to the use of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with the clumped fertilizer in time to eliminate the impact during use.

[0003] Common methods for eliminating caking include: First, adding anti-caking agents. This method is simple and efficient, but it increases production costs and introduces other chemical substances, which is not in line with the trend of green agriculture. Second, coating treatment. This method is complex and costly, and not conducive to large-scale mass production. Third, mechanically crushing the caking material. Before packaging, a simple crusher or vibrator is used to rigidly impact the caking material through mechanical collision. However, the crushing force of this method is difficult to control, and it is easy to crush normal fertilizer granules as well, producing too much powder, causing secondary pulverization of fertilizer granules, resulting in product loss and quality decline. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device, which solves the problem that the mechanical rigid crushing force is difficult to control, easily damaging normal fertilizer particles, resulting in product loss and quality decline.

[0005] According to an embodiment of this utility model, a fertilizer de-caking and crushing screening device includes a fixedly installed screening tank. The top and bottom of the screening tank are respectively connected to a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. A dispersing disc is rotatably installed in the upper part of the screening tank, located below the feed inlet. A plurality of flexible striking rods are hinged around the dispersing disc. A drive source capable of driving the dispersing disc to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the screening tank. An arc-shaped screen plate is also inclinedly fixed in the lower part of the screening tank, and a plurality of screen holes are evenly arranged on the arc-shaped screen plate.

[0006] The technical principle of this utility model is as follows: fertilizer granules fall into the screening tank through the feed inlet and first come into contact with the rotating dispersion disc. Under centrifugal force, they are evenly thrown to the surrounding impact area formed by flexible impact rods. During this process, the larger clumps of material are violently broken by the high-speed rotating flexible impact rods due to their greater inertia. The smaller normal granules have less inertia and are subjected to weaker impact force when they come into contact with the flexible impact rods. In addition, the elastic buffering effect of the flexible impact rods themselves allows them to remain intact and sink downwards. The broken and unclumped materials eventually fall onto the inclined arc-shaped screen plate. Qualified granules are screened and discharged through the screen holes, while substandard materials slide along the screen surface and are collected.

[0007] Furthermore, a main rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the upper part of the screening tank, and multiple dispersing discs are coaxially fixed on the main rotating shaft from top to bottom.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of each of the dispersion discs is set as an arc surface, and the radii of the multiple dispersion discs increase sequentially from top to bottom. The flexible striking rod on the lowest dispersion disc separates from the inner wall of the screening tank when rotating.

[0009] Furthermore, the flexible striking rod is made of high-strength nylon and polyurethane, and the flexible striking rod is hinged to the side of the dispersion disc via a universal joint.

[0010] Furthermore, an inclined guide plate is fixedly installed in the middle of the screening tank, and a discharge port is fixedly installed at the lowest point of the guide plate, which is located above the higher side of the arc-shaped screen plate.

[0011] Furthermore, a cleaning roller is rotatably mounted above the arc-shaped screen plate, and a cleaning motor that can drive the cleaning roller to rotate is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the screening tank. Several bristles that abut against the arc-shaped screen plate are evenly arranged around the cleaning roller for brushing the arc-shaped screen plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower end of the arc-shaped screen plate is connected to a slag collection chamber inside the screening tank, and a connecting port connecting to the slag collection chamber is provided on the outside of the screening tank, with a slag collection box slidably disposed inside the connecting port.

[0013] Furthermore, the arc-shaped screen plate is provided with an inclined feeding surface at the connection between it and the inner wall of the screening tank.

[0014] Furthermore, the drive source includes a crushing motor, which is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the screening tank, and the output end of the crushing motor is drivenly connected to the main rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, a narrow-diameter feed hopper is provided at the feed inlet, and a frustum-shaped material distribution block is fixedly provided at the top of the main rotating shaft at the feed inlet.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following beneficial effects: by rapidly distributing materials through a rotating dispersion disc and selectively crushing them with a flexible impact rod, it achieves efficient crushing of large agglomerated materials and effective protection of normal particles, solving the problems of fragile particles and easy pulverization in mechanical crushing. At the same time, by using an inclined arc-shaped screen plate, qualified particles and uncrushed materials are continuously separated during the screening process, which has the technical effects of compact structure, gentle crushing and continuous screening. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the assembly of an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at point A in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at point B in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] In the above attached diagram: 1. Screening tank; 11. Feed inlet; 111. Feed hopper; 12. Discharge outlet; 13. Main shaft; 131. Connecting plate; 132. Crushing motor; 133. Dividing block; 14. Guide plate; 141. Discharge port; 15. Support leg; 2. Dispersion disc; 21. Flexible impact rod; 22. Universal joint; 3. Arc-shaped screen plate; 31. Screen hole; 32. Discharge surface; 33. Slag collection chamber; 331. Connecting port; 34. Slag collection box; 341. Handle; 4. Cleaning roller; 41. Cleaning motor; 42. Rotating rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1-5As shown in the figure, this utility model embodiment proposes a fertilizer de-caking and crushing screening device, which includes a screening tank 1 fixedly installed. The bottom of the screening tank 1 is provided with a support leg 15. The top and bottom of the screening tank 1 are respectively connected to a feed inlet 11 and a discharge outlet 12. The feed inlet 11 is preferably located at the center of the tank body. A dispersing disk 2 is also rotatably installed in the upper part of the screening tank 1. The dispersing disk 2 is coaxial with the screening tank 1 and located directly below the feed inlet 11. A plurality of flexible striking rods 21 are hinged around the dispersing disk 2. A drive source that can drive the dispersing disk 2 to rotate is fixedly installed on one side of the screening tank 1. An arc-shaped screen plate 3 is also inclinedly fixed in the lower part of the screening tank 1. A plurality of screen holes 31 are evenly provided on the arc-shaped screen plate 3.

[0025] In this exemplary embodiment, fertilizer granules fall into the screening tank 1 through the feed inlet 11 and first come into contact with the rotating dispersion disc 2. Under centrifugal force, they are evenly thrown to the surrounding impact area formed by the flexible impact rods 21. During this process, larger agglomerated materials, due to their greater inertia, collide violently with the high-speed rotating flexible impact rods 21 and are broken up. Smaller, normal granules, with less inertia, experience a weaker impact force when in contact with the flexible impact rods 21. Furthermore, the elastic buffering effect of the flexible impact rods 21 themselves allows them to remain intact and sink downwards. The crushed and un-clumped materials eventually fall onto the inclined arc-shaped screen plate 3. Qualified particles are screened and discharged through the screen holes 31, while substandard materials slide along the screen surface and are collected. The rotating dispersion disc 2 quickly distributes the materials, and the flexible impact rod 21 selectively crushes them, achieving efficient crushing of large clumps and effective protection of normal particles. This solves the problems of fragile particles and easy pulverization in mechanical crushing. At the same time, the inclined arc-shaped screen plate 3 continuously separates qualified particles from uncrushed materials during the screening process, resulting in a compact structure, gentle crushing, and continuous screening.

[0026] like Figure 1-3As shown, in another embodiment, a main rotating shaft 13 is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the screening tank 1, and a plurality of dispersing discs 2 are coaxially fixedly mounted on the main rotating shaft 13 from top to bottom. Specifically, a connecting plate 131 is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the screening tank 1, and the main rotating shaft 13 is rotatably connected to the connecting plate 131. A plurality of dispersing discs 2 are equidistantly fixed on the main rotating shaft 13. Furthermore, the top of each dispersing disc 2 is set as an arc surface or a slope to facilitate receiving and initially dispersing the falling material and evenly scattering it to the surroundings. The radii of the plurality of dispersing discs 2 from top to bottom are sequentially arranged as follows: The size is increased to form a stepped crushing space. The number and spacing of the dispersion discs 2 can be set according to the actual situation and are not limited here. Based on the above settings, fertilizer particles can pass through dispersion discs 2 of different radii in sequence during the falling process, and fly outward in a radial pattern under the action of centrifugal force. Then, they are struck and dispersed by the flexible striking rods 21 corresponding to the dispersion discs 2 in multiple stages, thereby significantly improving the agglomeration crushing efficiency and particle uniformity. At the same time, the flexible striking rods 21 on the lowest dispersion disc 2 are separated from the inner wall of the screening tank 1 when rotating, ensuring that motion interference and crushing dead angles are eliminated under the premise of sufficient crushing.

[0027] like Figure 2-4 As shown, in another embodiment, the flexible striking rod 21 is further made of high-strength nylon and polyurethane, which makes it have good elasticity and toughness while maintaining excellent wear resistance. The flexible striking rod 21 is hinged to the side of the dispersion disk 2 through a universal joint 22, which greatly improves the swing freedom and adaptability of each flexible striking rod 21 in three-dimensional space. In some other embodiments, the flexible striking rod 21 can also be hinged to the dispersion disk 2 through an elastic pin, allowing it to swing freely within a certain range. At the same time, the free end of the flexible striking rod 21 is preferably set as a spherical smooth head to avoid sharp impact and provide rotational inertia. Based on the above settings, the flexible striking rod 21 performs high-frequency, low-impact beating and shearing on the falling fertilizer particles during high-speed rotation. When it touches agglomerates, it can apply effective impact and crushing force, while when it encounters qualified particles, it can make way through multi-angle deflection and rebound, thereby greatly reducing damage to normal particles.

[0028] like Figure 1-3As shown, in another embodiment, an inclined guide plate 14 is fixedly installed in the middle of the screening tank 1, and a discharge port 141 is fixedly installed at the lowest point of the guide plate 14. The discharge port 141 is located above the higher side of the arc-shaped screen plate 3. Based on the above configuration, the guide plate 14 can effectively receive the fertilizer particles falling after being crushed by the upper flexible impact rod 21, and guide the particles naturally to the lowest point through its inclined surface. The collected particles can fall into the higher side of the arc-shaped screen plate 3 in a concentrated and uniform manner through the discharge port 141, realizing the orderly transition and precise feeding of fertilizer particles from the crushing zone to the screening zone. This avoids the particles directly impacting the screen surface and causing splashing or uneven distribution. At the same time, it effectively guides the particles to flow fully from top to bottom along the screen surface, significantly improving screening efficiency and processing capacity, and ensuring the stability of continuous operation.

[0029] like Figure 1-5 As shown, in another embodiment, a cleaning roller 4 is rotatably arranged above the arc-shaped screen plate 3, and a cleaning motor 41 capable of driving the cleaning roller 4 to rotate is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the screening tank 1. The surface of the cleaning roller 4 is uniformly surrounded by bristles and keeps in contact with the screen surface of the arc-shaped screen plate 3 for brushing the arc-shaped screen plate 3. Specifically, a rotating rod 42 is rotatably arranged inside the screening tank 1, and the cleaning roller 4 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating rod 42. At the same time, the output end of the cleaning motor 41 is coaxially fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating rod 42 for driving the cleaning roller 4 to rotate. The length of the cleaning roller 4 is equal to that of the arc-shaped screen plate 3. The width of the curved screen plate 3 is matched. In some other embodiments, multiple cleaning rollers 4 can be arranged side by side along the upper screen surface of the curved screen plate 3 to ensure that more screen surface area is covered. Based on the above arrangement, when the cleaning motor 41 drives the rotating rod 42 to rotate the cleaning rollers 4, the bristles continuously brush the screen plate surface, effectively removing particles and adhesives that are blocked in the screen holes 31, keeping the screen holes 31 unobstructed. At the same time, the flexible contact of the bristles avoids damage to the screen plate surface caused by rigid scraping, ensuring the stability of the screening area and the continuity of screening efficiency, realizing the automation and continuity of screen surface cleaning, and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the device.

[0030] like Figure 2-5 As shown, in another embodiment, the lower end of the arc-shaped screen plate 3 is connected to a slag collection chamber 33 inside the screening tank 1. A connecting port 331 is provided on the outside of the screening tank 1 to connect to the slag collection chamber 33. A slag collection box 34 is slidably disposed in the connecting port 331. A handle 341 is fixed on the outside of the slag collection box 34. Based on the above configuration, the unbroken lumps and impurities remaining after screening will enter the slag collection chamber 33 along the inclined screen surface under the brushing of the cleaning roller 4, and finally fall into the slag collection box 34 for storage. The slag collection box 34 can be conveniently removed from the connecting port 331 for cleaning by pulling, realizing the centralized collection and rapid removal of the screening residue.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, in another embodiment, an inclined feeding surface 32 is provided at the connection between the arc-shaped screen plate 3 and the inner wall of the screening tank 1. The feeding surface 32 and the arc-shaped screen plate 3 are smoothly connected to form a continuous guiding surface. Based on the above configuration, the feeding surface 32 can effectively receive the material falling from the upper distribution plate 2, and the inclined angle transforms the downward material flow into a stable sliding motion along the screen surface, avoiding the material from directly impacting the arc-shaped screen plate 3 and causing particle splashing or local accumulation. This ensures that the material is evenly distributed on the screen surface and makes full use of the screening area, thereby significantly improving the stability and processing efficiency of the screening process.

[0032] like Figure 1-3 As shown, in another embodiment, the driving source includes a crushing motor 132, which is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the screening tank 1. The output end of the crushing motor 132 is drivenly connected to the main rotating shaft 13. Specifically, the output shaft of the crushing motor 132 meshes with the vertically arranged main rotating shaft 13 through a bevel gear set, thereby efficiently converting the horizontal rotational motion output by the motor into vertical rotational power, driving the main rotating shaft 13 and the multi-stage dispersion disk 2 and flexible impact rod 21 fixed thereon to rotate synchronously.

[0033] like Figure 2-4 As shown, further, a reduced-diameter feed hopper 111 is provided at the feed inlet 11, and a frustum-shaped material distribution block 133 is fixedly provided at the top of the main rotating shaft 13 at the feed inlet 11. Based on the above configuration, an annular discharge gap is formed between the material distribution block 133 and the bottom of the feed hopper 111. When the material falls through the feed hopper 111, the frustum-shaped inclined surface of the material distribution block 133 can guide the material flow evenly to the surrounding area, forming an annular material curtain that falls evenly through the annular gap. This effectively avoids the accumulation phenomenon caused by the concentrated impact of the material on the center of the dispersion disk 2, making the material more evenly distributed in the working area of ​​the dispersion disk 2, significantly improving the crushing efficiency and uniformity of the subsequent flexible impact rod 21, and reducing the impact wear of the material on the equipment.

[0034] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this utility model, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A fertilizer de-caking and crushing screening device, comprising a fixedly installed screening tank (1), wherein the top and bottom of the screening tank (1) are respectively connected to an inlet (11) and an outlet (12), characterized in that: The upper part of the screening tank (1) is also rotatably provided with a dispersing disc (2). The dispersing disc (2) is located below the feed inlet (11). Several flexible striking rods (21) are hinged around the dispersing disc (2). A driving source that can drive the dispersing disc (2) to rotate is fixedly provided on one side of the screening tank (1). An arc-shaped screen plate (3) is also inclinedly fixedly provided in the lower part of the screening tank (1). Several screen holes (31) are evenly provided on the arc-shaped screen plate (3).

2. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the screening tank (1) is provided with a main rotating shaft (13), and multiple dispersing discs (2) are coaxially fixed on the main rotating shaft (13) from top to bottom.

3. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The top of any of the dispersion discs (2) is set as an arc surface, and the radii of the multiple dispersion discs (2) increase sequentially from top to bottom. The flexible striking rod (21) on the lowest dispersion disc (2) is separated from the inner wall of the screening tank (1) when rotating.

4. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible striking rod (21) is made of high-strength nylon and polyurethane, and the flexible striking rod (21) is hinged to the side of the dispersion disk (2) via a universal joint (22).

5. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An inclined guide plate (14) is fixedly installed in the middle of the screening tank (1). A discharge port (141) is fixedly installed at the lowest point of the guide plate (14). The discharge port (141) is located above the higher side of the arc-shaped screen plate (3).

6. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning roller (4) is rotatably arranged above the arc-shaped screen plate (3). A cleaning motor (41) that can drive the cleaning roller (4) to rotate is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the screening tank (1). A number of bristles that abut against the arc-shaped screen plate (3) are evenly arranged around the cleaning roller (4) for brushing the arc-shaped screen plate (3).

7. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The lower end of the arc-shaped screen plate (3) is connected to the slag collection chamber (33) inside the screening tank (1). The outside of the screening tank (1) is provided with a communication port (331) connecting the slag collection chamber (33). A slag collection box (34) is slidably arranged inside the communication port (331).

8. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An inclined feeding surface (32) is provided at the connection between the arc-shaped screen plate (3) and the inner wall of the screening tank (1).

9. The fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The driving source includes a crushing motor (132), which is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the screening tank (1), and the output end of the crushing motor (132) is drivenly connected to the main rotating shaft (13).

10. A fertilizer de-caking, crushing, and screening device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: A reduced-diameter feed hopper (111) is provided at the feed inlet (11), and a frustum-shaped material distribution block (133) is fixedly provided at the top of the main rotating shaft (13) at the feed inlet (11).

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