Mechanism of carbon tail gas purification equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of mechanism carbon tail gas purification, especially a mechanism carbon tail gas purification equipment, including the tower body, the top of tower body is equipped with the gas outlet, one side of the bottom of tower body is equipped with the gas inlet, is equipped with the demisting unit and multiple cyclone purification units in the tower body, is equipped with the circulating cooling heat exchange unit and the circulating water treatment unit outside the tower body, through with the tower body as the core carrier, the demisting unit, multiple cyclone purification units, spray unit in the tower body, circulating cooling heat exchange unit, circulating water treatment unit outside the tower body integration, do not need to set apart the cooling tower, desulfurization tower equipment like prior art, solved the problem that the separate equipment occupies the big area, also greatly reduced the complex pipeline across the equipment, reduced the risk of pipeline blockage, only need to aim at the tower body and supporting unit centralized operation in the later period, significantly reduced the installation and maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of purifying tail gas from machine-made charcoal, and in particular to a device for purifying tail gas from machine-made charcoal. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanized charcoal production uses agricultural and forestry waste such as bamboo shavings, sawdust, bagasse, peanut shells, corn cobs, and straw as raw materials. It requires core processes such as crushing, drying, carbonization, and cooling. During this process, complex exhaust gases are continuously generated. These exhaust gases not only contain particulate matter (including fine and coarse particles ranging from 0.1 micrometers to tens of micrometers) and tar (mostly in the form of tiny oil mist particles of 0.1μm to 10μm), but also contain gaseous pollutants such as sulfur compounds (mainly SO2) and nitrogen compounds (mainly NO2). At the same time, the exhaust gases carry residual heat of 100℃ to 150℃. If they are directly emitted or improperly treated, they will cause air pollution and energy waste.

[0003] To address the pollution problem caused by tail gas from machine-made charcoal, various treatment technologies and equipment have emerged in the industry. Many of these technologies employ a functionally separate structural design. For example, the patent application number "202223049466.X," titled "Flue Gas Desulfurization Treatment Device," uses a dual-tower design with a cooling tower and a desulfurization tower. This design requires separate installation space for different functional devices, resulting in a large overall footprint. This significantly increases the difficulty of equipment layout, especially for small and medium-sized machine-made charcoal production enterprises with limited site resources. Furthermore, the separate dual towers require complex piping connections to transport tail gas and the medium, increasing the initial cost of equipment purchase and installation. This also makes subsequent maintenance processes, such as pipe blockage cleaning and dual-tower coordinated commissioning, cumbersome and costly, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of machine-made charcoal tail gas treatment for compact and economical equipment. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a charcoal tail gas purification device that can solve the problem of large footprint, complex pipelines and high operation and maintenance costs caused by the separate structure (such as separate cooling tower and desulfurization tower) of the existing charcoal tail gas treatment equipment.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: A charcoal tail gas purification device includes a tower body, an outlet at the top of the tower body, an inlet on one side of the bottom of the tower body, a demisting unit and multiple cyclone purification units inside the tower body, and a circulating cooling heat exchange unit and a circulating water treatment unit outside the tower body. The demisting unit is installed below the air outlet. Multiple cyclone purification units are installed below the demisting unit from top to bottom. The lowest cyclone purification unit is located above the air inlet. Each cyclone purification unit has a spray unit installed below it. Multiple spray units are located on opposite sides of the air outlet. The circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit is connected to both the circulating water treatment unit and the spray unit.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This solution integrates the internal demisting unit, multiple cyclone purification units, and spraying unit with the external circulating cooling heat exchange unit and circulating water treatment unit, using the tower body as the core carrier. Unlike existing technologies, it eliminates the need for separate cooling towers, desulfurization towers, and other equipment, thus solving the problem of large footprint of separate equipment. At the same time, the units are compactly connected around the tower body. The circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit is directly connected to the circulating water treatment unit and the spraying unit. This greatly reduces the complex piping across equipment, lowers the risk of pipe blockage, and requires only centralized operation and maintenance of the tower body and supporting units in the later stage, significantly reducing installation and maintenance costs. The tower body is equipped with a demisting unit and multiple cyclone purification units arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with a corresponding spray unit installed below each cyclone purification unit. This forms a multi-stage synergistic mode of "cyclone separation and spray purification." After the exhaust gas enters through the bottom inlet, it undergoes preliminary treatment by the lowest cyclone purification unit and its corresponding spray unit, then progressively passes through subsequent cyclone purification units and spray units for further purification. Finally, the demisting unit removes water mist. This system can simultaneously and specifically treat various pollutants in the exhaust gas, including particulate matter (from coarse to fine particles), tar, SO2, and NO2. The spray units are located below the cyclone purification units, ensuring effective convective contact between the spray liquid and the exhaust gas, improving gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, avoiding the problem of incomplete treatment by a single purification structure, and further guaranteeing the purification effect. The circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body and can collect pollutant-laden water flowing down the tower wall. The spray liquid, after treatment, is transported to the circulating cooling heat exchange unit. This unit cools the treated water to meet the spray cooling requirements and recovers the waste heat from the exhaust gas carried in the spray liquid for secondary energy utilization. Simultaneously, the treated water is transported back to the spray unit for reuse, forming a closed-loop water resource cycle of "spraying-collection-treatment-cooling-re-spraying," reducing fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge while balancing energy conservation and environmental protection. Furthermore, the connection between the air inlet unit and the air outlet allows for stable exhaust gas entry into the tower, preventing flow fluctuations from affecting purification. The connection between the exhaust unit and the air outlet ensures stable discharge of purified exhaust gas. Combined with the demisting unit, this prevents water mist from carrying residual pollutants, ensuring exhaust gas meets standards. The connection structure between each unit and the tower, along with the internal unit layout, creates a rational exhaust gas flow path, preventing airflow short-circuiting or stagnation and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the charcoal tail gas purification equipment of this utility model; Figure 2 This is a top view of the cyclone purification unit of the charcoal tail gas purification device of this utility model. Figure 3 This is a side view of the cyclone purification unit of the charcoal tail gas purification device of this utility model. Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the charcoal tail gas purification device of this utility model; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the circulating water treatment unit of the charcoal tail gas purification equipment of this utility model. Figure 6 This is a connection block diagram of the charcoal tail gas purification device of this utility model; Label Explanation: 1. Tower body; 11. Air inlet; 12. Air outlet; 2. Defogging unit; 3. Cyclone purification unit; 31. Outward blind plate; 32. Cyclone blades; 33. Outer ring; 331. Guide groove; 3311. Guide hole; 34. Guide pipe; 4. Circulating cooling heat exchange unit; 41. Heat exchanger; 42. Vertical circulating pump; 43. Three-stage water tank; 5. Circulating water treatment unit; 51. Conical bucket; 52. Oil and sludge removal water tank; 521. Flow guiding assembly; 5211. Flow guide plate; 522. Overflow weir; 53. Sludge hopper; 531. Sludge discharge pipe; 54. Reflector plate; 55. Steel belt oil lifter; 6. Exhaust unit; 7. Spray unit; 71. Branch pipe; 72. Nozzle; 8. Main pipeline; 9. Window detection port; 10. Intake unit; 11. Air intake. Detailed Implementation To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0008] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 A charcoal tail gas purification device includes a tower body 1, an air outlet 12 at the top of the tower body 1, an air inlet 11 on one side of the bottom of the tower body 1, a demisting unit 2 and multiple cyclone purification units 3 inside the tower body 1, and a circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 and a circulating water treatment unit 5 outside the tower body 1. The demisting unit 2 is installed below the air outlet 12. Multiple swirling purification units 3 are installed below the demisting unit 2 from top to bottom. The swirling purification unit 3 located at the bottom is located above the air inlet 11. Each swirling purification unit 3 is equipped with a spray unit 7 below it. The circulating water treatment unit 5 is connected to the bottom of the tower body 1, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 is connected to the circulating water treatment unit 5 and the spray unit 7 respectively.

[0009] As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This solution integrates the demisting unit 2, multiple cyclone purification units 3, and spray unit 7 inside the tower body 1 with the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 and circulating water treatment unit 5 outside the tower body 1, using the tower body 1 as the core carrier. Unlike existing technologies, it eliminates the need for separate cooling towers, desulfurization towers, and other equipment, thus solving the problem of large footprint of separate equipment. At the same time, each unit is compactly connected around the tower body 1. The circulating water treatment unit 5 is connected to the bottom of the tower body 1, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 is directly connected to the circulating water treatment unit 5 and the spray unit 7. This greatly reduces the complex piping across equipment, reduces the risk of pipe blockage, and only requires centralized operation and maintenance of the tower body 1 and its supporting units in the later stage, significantly reducing installation and maintenance costs. Inside the tower body 1, from top to bottom, a demisting unit 2 and multiple cyclone purification units 3 are arranged sequentially, with a corresponding spray unit 7 installed below each cyclone purification unit 3. This forms a multi-stage synergistic mode of "cyclone separation and spray purification". After the exhaust gas enters from the bottom air inlet 11, it is first pre-treated by the bottommost cyclone purification unit 3 and the corresponding spray unit 7, and then gradually purified upwards by passing through subsequent cyclone purification units 3 and spray units 7. Finally, the water mist is removed by the demisting unit 2. This process can simultaneously and specifically treat multiple pollutants in the exhaust gas, such as particulate matter (from coarse to fine particles), tar, SO2, and NO2. The spray unit 7 is located below the cyclone purification unit 3, which ensures effective convective contact between the spray liquid and the exhaust gas, improves gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, avoids the problem of incomplete treatment by a single purification structure, and further guarantees the purification effect. The circulating water treatment unit 5 is connected to the bottom of the tower body 1 and can collect pollutants flowing down the tower wall. The spray liquid, after treatment, is transported to the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4. The circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 cools the treated water to meet the spray cooling requirements and recovers the waste heat of the exhaust gas carried in the spray liquid to achieve secondary energy utilization. At the same time, the treated water is transported to the spray unit 7 for recycling through the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4, forming a closed-loop water resource cycle of "spraying-collection-treatment-cooling-re-spraying", reducing fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge, and taking into account both energy saving and environmental protection. In addition, the air inlet unit 10 is connected to the air inlet 11 to regulate the stable entry of exhaust gas into the tower body 1, avoiding flow fluctuations from affecting purification. The exhaust unit 6 is connected to the air outlet 12 to stably discharge the purified exhaust gas. Together with the demisting unit 2, it prevents water mist from carrying residual pollutants to ensure that the exhaust gas meets the standards. The connection structure between each unit and the tower body 1 and the internal unit arrangement form a reasonable exhaust gas flow path, avoiding airflow short circuits or stagnation, and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0010] For further details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cyclone purification unit 3 includes an outward blind plate 31 and a plurality of cyclone blades 32, the plurality of cyclone blades 32 being inclinedly disposed on the outer wall of the outward blind plate 31.

[0011] As described above, the inclined swirl vanes 32 guide the exhaust gas into a high-speed upward rotating spiral airflow. Dust particles with a density much greater than the gas, condensed tar, and the absorbent liquid carrying desulfurization and denitrification products are thrown to the tower wall by the centrifugal force of the rotating airflow, and then captured and carried away by the downward-flowing scrubbing liquid, achieving efficient pre-separation of gas-liquid / gas-solid phases. Simultaneously, the strong turbulence formed by the rotating airflow increases the contact area between the gas and liquid phases, enhances mass transfer efficiency, improves the absorption efficiency of gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and NO2, and optimizes the purification effect. The outward-facing blind plate 31 and swirl vanes 32 have a simple structure, are easy to manufacture and install, and are not prone to clogging, ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0012] For further details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cyclone purification unit 3 also includes an outer ring 33, which covers the outside of multiple cyclone blades 32. The end of each cyclone blade 32 away from the outward blind plate 31 is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 33. A gap is provided between the outer ring 33 and the inner wall of the tower body 1. A flow guide groove 331 is provided on the outer ring, and a flow guide pipe 34 is connected in the flow guide groove. The flow guide pipe 34 is inclined and its outlet faces the outward blind plate 31 of the vortex purification unit 3 below it.

[0013] As can be seen from the above description, the outer ring 33, the guide groove 331 and the guide pipe 34 constitute the guide component of the cyclone purification unit 3. This facilitates the flow of the spray liquid that slides down the tower wall to the circulating water treatment unit 5, thus avoiding liquid accumulation and scaling. The liquid that flows to the outward blind plate 31 through the guide pipe will also be thrown and dispersed onto the cyclone blades 32 under the action of the rotating airflow, forming a thin liquid film with the spray liquid on the cyclone blades 32, further increasing the reaction contact area.

[0014] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The circulating water treatment unit 5 includes a cone hopper 51 and multiple interconnected oil and mud removal water tanks 52; The cone hopper 51 is connected to the bottom end of the tower body 1. Multiple oil and sludge removal water tanks 52 are arranged below the cone hopper 51, and the cone hopper 51 is connected to the water tank closest to it. The bottom end of each oil and sludge removal water tank 52 is connected to a sludge hopper 53.

[0015] As described above, the cone hopper 51 can guide the spray liquid containing pollutants smoothly into the oil and sludge removal tank 52, avoiding water flow impact that causes sludge and floating oil to mix again, thus improving separation efficiency; the multi-tank staged treatment can control the oil content of the effluent to ≤10mg / L, meeting the water quality requirements of the spray system and preventing the nozzles 72 from clogging; the sludge hopper 53 is used to collect sludge centrally, facilitating regular discharge and treatment, and the floating oil can be recycled as boiler fuel, realizing resource recycling and reducing waste treatment costs.

[0016] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each of the oil and sludge removal tanks 52 is provided with a flow guide assembly 521 that is inclined from the outlet of the cone hopper 51 to the inlet of the sludge hopper 53.

[0017] As described above, the inclined guide component 521 can extend the residence time of the spray liquid in the water tank, providing sufficient time for gravity settling and chemical reaction, thereby improving the separation efficiency of sludge and oil; it guides the sludge to slide down the surface of the guide component 521 to the sludge hopper 53, preventing the sludge from caking at the bottom of the water tank, reducing the difficulty of cleaning the water tank and maintenance costs; it stabilizes the water flow, preventing floating oil from being carried by the water flow to subsequent treatment stages, ensuring the quality of circulating water, and ensuring the stable operation of the spray system.

[0018] For further details, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The flow guiding component 521 includes a plurality of equally spaced and parallel flow guiding plates 5211.

[0019] As described above, multiple equally spaced parallel guide plates 5211 can evenly distribute the water flow, ensuring that the water flow velocity in the channels of each guide plate 5211 is consistent, avoiding local water flow turbulence, and improving the stability of the separation effect. The guide plates 5211 have a simple structure, low processing cost, and are easy to clean and maintain. They can maintain good guiding and separation performance for a long time, maximize the use of the internal space of the water tank, increase the treatment capacity of the water tank, adapt to the circulating water treatment needs of different flow rates, and enhance the applicability of the equipment.

[0020] For further details, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 includes a heat exchanger 41, a vertical circulating pump 42, and a three-stage water tank 43. The heat exchanger 41 is connected to the vertical circulating pump 42 and multiple spray units 7, respectively. The vertical circulating pump 42 is connected to the three-stage water tank 43.

[0021] As can be seen from the above description, the vertical circulating pump 42 can accurately control the circulating water flow rate, which can avoid flooding due to excessive flow rate or insufficient gas-liquid mixing due to excessively low flow rate, thus ensuring purification efficiency; the heat exchanger 41 can recover the waste heat of the exhaust gas in the spray liquid, realize the secondary utilization of energy, reduce the energy consumption of enterprises, and meet the energy-saving requirements; the three-stage water tank 43 can balance the system pressure, avoid equipment damage due to system pressure fluctuations, and replenish the circulating water loss in a timely manner to ensure stable system operation.

[0022] For further details, please refer to Figure 4 Multiple spray units 7 are connected by a main pipe 8. Each spray unit 7 includes a branch pipe 71. One end of the branch pipe 71 extends into the tower body 1 and is equipped with multiple nozzles 72. The multiple nozzles 72 are arranged radially. The other end of the branch pipe 71 is connected to the main pipe 8.

[0023] As described above, multiple spray units 7 are connected by a main pipe 8, simplifying the pipe layout, reducing the number of pipes, lowering installation and maintenance costs, and facilitating unified control of the transportation and distribution of circulating water. The nozzles 72 arranged radially at the ends of the branch pipes 71 achieve a spray coverage rate of >120%. Combined with a spacing design of 0.8m-1.2m, the spray overlap rate is ensured to be 30%~50%, avoiding purification dead zones and improving gas-liquid contact efficiency. Different types of nozzles 72 can be matched according to the needs of different purification stages (such as hollow cone nozzles 72 for the first stage, a combination of spiral nozzles 72 and hollow cone nozzles 72 for the second stage, and ultra-fine hollow cone nozzles 72 for the third stage) to achieve graded and precise purification and ensure that the exhaust gas meets emission standards.

[0024] Furthermore, the angle between the air intake direction of the air inlet 11 and the tangential direction of the tower body 1 is in the range of 10°~20°.

[0025] As described above, the angle between the air inlet 11 and the tangent of the tower body 1 is between 10° and 20°, which allows the exhaust gas to naturally form a preliminary rotating airflow after entering the tower body 1, reducing the operating energy consumption of the cyclone purification unit 3 and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the equipment. The preliminary rotating airflow can separate coarse particles ≥20μm in advance, reducing the burden on the subsequent cyclone purification unit 3 and spray unit 7, and extending the service life of vulnerable parts such as nozzle 72 and cyclone blades 32. This angle range is optimized to ensure the formation of a stable preliminary rotating airflow while avoiding an increase in exhaust gas intake resistance due to an excessively large angle, thus ensuring the exhaust gas treatment capacity and adapting to different working conditions.

[0026] For further details, please refer to Figure 4 The spray unit 7 is located at two-thirds of the distance between two adjacent vortex purification units 3.

[0027] As described above, the spray unit 7 is located at two-thirds of the distance between two adjacent cyclone purification units 3, so that the spray liquid and the rotating exhaust gas flowing out of the upper cyclone purification unit 3 form the optimal contact angle and contact range, maximizing the gas-liquid contact area and contact time, improving the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and the interception efficiency of fine particles of 0.5μm~5μm; forming a synergistic mode of "spray purification and cyclone separation", realizing the step-by-step removal of pollutants, avoiding the problem of incomplete purification in a single time, ensuring the purification effect, avoiding the spray liquid directly impacting the cyclone blades 32 and causing blade scaling, ensuring the normal operation of the cyclone purification unit 3, and reducing the risk of equipment failure.

[0028] Please refer to Figures 1 to 6 As shown, Embodiment 1 of this utility model is as follows: Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 A charcoal tail gas purification device includes a tower body 1, an air outlet 12 at the top of the tower body 1, an air inlet 11 on one side of the bottom of the tower body 1, a demisting unit 2 (composed of a demister) and multiple cyclone purification units 3 inside the tower body 1, and a circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4, a circulating water treatment unit 5, an air inlet unit 10 and an exhaust unit 6 outside the tower body 1. The demisting unit 2 is installed below the air outlet 12. Multiple swirling purification units 3 are installed below the demisting unit 2 from top to bottom. The swirling purification unit 3 located at the bottom is located above the air inlet 11. Each swirling purification unit 3 is equipped with a spray unit 7 below it. The circulating water treatment unit 5 is connected to the bottom of the tower body 1. The circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 is connected to the circulating water treatment unit 5 and the spray unit 7 respectively. The air inlet unit 10 is connected to the air inlet 11. The exhaust unit 6 is connected to the air outlet 12.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cyclone purification unit 3 includes an outward blind plate 31 and a plurality of cyclone blades 32, the plurality of cyclone blades 32 being inclinedly disposed on the outer wall of the outward blind plate 31.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The cyclone purification unit 3 also includes an outer ring 33, which covers the outside of multiple cyclone blades 32. The end of each cyclone blade 32 away from the outward blind plate 31 is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder 33. A gap is provided between the outer ring 33 and the inner wall of the tower body 1. A flow guide groove 331 is provided on the outer ring, and a flow guide pipe 34 is connected in the flow guide groove (the flow guide groove 331 is provided with a flow guide hole 3311, and the inlet of the flow guide pipe 34 is connected to the flow guide hole 3311). The flow guide pipe 34 is inclined and the outlet of the flow guide pipe 34 faces the outward blind plate 31 of the cyclone purification unit 3 below it.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The circulating water treatment unit 5 includes a cone hopper 51 and multiple interconnected oil and sludge removal tanks 52 (in this embodiment, there are two, namely a primary water tank and a secondary water tank, and the two oil and sludge removal tanks 52 share a common side wall, on which an overflow weir 522 is provided to allow water that has been preliminarily purified by the primary water tank to enter the secondary water tank through the overflow weir 522). The cone hopper 51 is connected to the bottom of the tower body 1. Multiple oil and sludge removal water tanks 52 are arranged below the cone hopper 51, and the cone hopper 51 is connected to the nearest oil and sludge removal water tank 52 (this oil and sludge removal water tank 52 is a primary water tank, and the cone hopper 51 is directly connected to the primary water tank through a pipe. The pipe is equipped with a flow regulating valve, and a reflector plate 54 is located directly below the outlet of the pipe). The bottom of each oil and sludge removal water tank 52 is connected to a sludge hopper 53 (the outlet of the sludge hopper 53 is connected to a sludge discharge pipe 531). The sludge hopper 53 is a cone-shaped sludge hopper 53 with an angle of 60°. The cone hopper 51 collects and initially guides the spray liquid containing pollutants into the oil and sludge removal tank 52 smoothly, avoiding water flow impact that could cause sludge and floating oil to mix again, thus improving separation efficiency. The flow regulating valve is used to prevent excessive water flow from impacting subsequent treatment units, maintaining system water balance, ensuring a certain liquid seal within the cone hopper 51, and preventing exhaust gas from escaping through a short circuit from the bottom. The reflector plate is used to dissipate energy and prevent secondary mixing, breaking up the vertically falling high-speed water flow into a horizontally diffused slow flow. By eliminating water flow impact, it avoids re-mixing the settled sludge and the floating oil layer, creating stable hydraulic conditions for the static separation of "oil-water-sludge".

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Each of the oil and sludge removal tanks 52 is provided with a flow guide assembly 521 that is inclined from the outlet of the cone hopper 51 to the inlet of the sludge hopper 53.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The flow guiding component 521 includes a plurality of equally spaced and parallel flow guiding plates 5211.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 5Each of the oil and sludge removal tanks 52 is equipped with a steel belt oil lifter 55, which utilizes a slowly moving stainless steel belt (or an oleophilic belt) partially immersed in water. Tar adheres to the belt, and as the belt is lifted to the top of the tank, the accumulated oil is scraped into an oil collection tank by a scraper. The tar is recovered as combustible material and used as boiler fuel for charcoal production, achieving resource recycling and reducing waste disposal costs. The guide component 521 increases the sedimentation area, shortens the distance that solid particles need to settle, and guides the sludge to slide down the surface of the guide component 521 to the sludge hopper 53. The sludge hopper 53 is used to collect sludge centrally for regular discharge and treatment. The sludge undergoes subsequent pressure filtration and is transported back to the front end of the process as raw material for charcoal production. After primary and secondary treatment, the oil content of the wastewater can be controlled to ≤10mg / L, and the pH meets the water quality requirements of the spray system, preventing the nozzles 72 from clogging. Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4 includes a heat exchanger 41, a vertical circulating pump 42, and a three-stage water tank 43. The heat exchanger 41 is connected to the vertical circulating pump 42 and multiple spray units 7, respectively. The vertical circulating pump 42 is connected to the three-stage water tank 43.

[0035] The tertiary water tank 43 serves as the system's "water storage hub" and "buffer pool," receiving and storing purified water from the circulating water treatment unit 5 to provide a stable water supply for the entire system. The vertical circulating pump 42, acting as the system's "heart," provides power to draw cold water from the tertiary water tank 43, pressurizing and delivering it to the heat exchanger 41 and the spray unit 7. The heat exchanger 41 effectively reduces the temperature of the spray liquid, allowing the cooled spray liquid to more effectively capture and react with pollutants in the exhaust gas (such as SO2, NOx, VOCs), thus significantly improving the overall purification efficiency of the system. It condenses tar and dust particles, transforming them from a gaseous state into liquid or solid particles, making them easier to capture by the centrifugal force of the cyclone plate or washed off by the spray droplets, greatly improving the removal rate of sticky and difficult-to-treat substances. Simultaneously, waste heat is recovered, saving energy and reducing consumption.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 4 Multiple spray units 7 are connected by a main pipe 8. Each spray unit 7 includes a branch pipe 71. One end of the branch pipe 71 extends into the tower body 1 and is equipped with multiple nozzles 72 (four to six). A hydraulic balance valve is installed at one end of the branch pipe 71 to ensure that the pressure of each branch is balanced. The multiple nozzles 72 are arranged radially. The other end of the branch pipe 71 is connected to the main pipe 8.

[0037] The angle between the air intake direction of the air inlet 11 and the tangent direction of the tower body 1 is in the range of 10° to 20°.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 4The spray unit 7 is located at two-thirds of the distance between two adjacent vortex purification units 3.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 6 The aforementioned charcoal tail gas purification equipment also includes a PLC system (using Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 series chips), which is electrically connected to the circulating water treatment unit 5, the air intake unit 10, and the exhaust unit 6.

[0040] The tower body 1 has a vertical cylindrical structure with tapered ends. It is equipped with an arc-shaped inspection window 9, a discharge port, an air inlet and exhaust port, a water outlet, and a water pipe outlet.

[0041] The working principle of the above-mentioned charcoal tail gas purification equipment is as follows: The air intake unit 10 includes a boiler induced draft fan, which is a variable frequency centrifugal fan. The power is designed according to the maximum flow rate of the exhaust gas. A pressure sensor is installed at the inlet to monitor the negative pressure of the exhaust gas in real time.

[0042] Under the action of the air intake unit 10, the exhaust gas from the machine-made charcoal enters the tower from the air intake port 11 on one side of the bottom of the tower body 1. The air intake direction forms an angle of 10°~20° with the tangent direction of the tower body 1, naturally forming a preliminary rotating airflow. The exhaust gas first comes into contact with the first-stage spray unit 7 below the lowest cyclone purification unit 3. The first-stage spray unit 7 uses a hollow cone nozzle 72 with an atomized particle size of 150-300μm, which rapidly cools the high-temperature exhaust gas (100℃-150℃) and captures coarse particles ≥20μm to prevent subsequent scaling on the cyclone plate.

[0043] Subsequently, the exhaust gas enters the primary cyclone purification unit 3, where it forms a high-speed rotating upward airflow under the deflection action of the cyclone blades 32. Centrifugal force throws particles and oil droplets >5μm towards the tower wall, where they are captured by the liquid film. Next, the exhaust gas enters the secondary spray unit 7 between the primary and secondary cyclone units. This unit uses a combination of spiral nozzles 72 (coverage >120°) and hollow cone nozzles 72, atomizing particle sizes of 100μm-200μm, enhancing gas-liquid contact and removing 60%~80% of particles >5μm, as well as SO2 and NO2. The exhaust gas then enters the secondary cyclone unit for further cyclone separation, and then flows through the tertiary spray unit 7 between the secondary and tertiary cyclone units. The tertiary spray unit 7 uses ultra-fine hollow cone nozzles 72, atomizing particle sizes of 50μm~100μm, to finely treat fine particles of 1μm~5μm and residual acidic gases. The overall liquid-to-gas ratio (L / G) is controlled at 3L / m³. 3 ~5 L / m 3 Too high a temperature will cause flooding, while too low a temperature will result in insufficient mixing.

[0044] The exhaust gas, after undergoing three stages of cyclone purification and spray purification, carries water mist into the demisting unit 2 to remove the water mist, and then passes through the exhaust unit 6 (which includes an exhaust pipe) to meet emission standards. The spray liquid carrying pollutants (dust particles, condensed tar, desulfurization and denitrification products) on the inner wall of the tower flows down the wall and is guided by the cone hopper 51 at the bottom of the tower body 1 to the circulating water treatment unit 5. It then passes through the primary water tank and the secondary water tank, and achieves gravity settling through PP corrugated guide plates 5211 (with an inclination angle of 45° and a spacing of 50mm between adjacent guide plates 5211). After water separation, the floating oil is recovered by the steel belt oil lifter 55 and used as a boiler combustion aid in the production of machine-made charcoal, realizing resource utilization; the sludge is periodically discharged by the screw pump; after concentration and dehydration, it is recovered as a raw material for the production of machine-made charcoal, realizing recycling; finally, it enters the three-stage water tank 43. The PLC system automatically adds pH adjuster (adjusting the pH to 9~10) and corrosion inhibitor (such as Na2MoO4, molybdate) based on online water quality monitoring data, which can optimize water quality, prevent equipment corrosion and scaling, and provide a guarantee for the stable and efficient operation of the spray system.

[0045] The treated clean water enters the circulating cooling heat exchange unit 4. After being cooled by the heat exchanger 41, the flow rate is controlled by the circulating pump and the flow regulating valve 42. The water is then transported to each spray unit 7 for recycling through the variable frequency constant pressure water supply system, forming a closed-loop treatment system.

[0046] The PLC system uses a fuzzy PID algorithm to precisely control the dosage based on real-time monitoring data. The intelligent dosing system includes a high-precision metering pump, a circulation protection system, an emergency water supply valve, and an over-limit alarm device. System operation data can be uploaded to a cloud monitoring platform via a 4G module for remote operation and maintenance management.

[0047] In summary, the charcoal tail gas purification equipment provided by this utility model integrates the internal demisting unit, multiple cyclone purification units, and spraying unit with the external circulating cooling heat exchange unit, circulating water treatment unit, air intake unit, and exhaust unit into one unit, using the tower body as the core carrier. This eliminates the need for separate cooling towers, desulfurization towers, and other equipment as required by existing technologies, thus solving the problem of large footprint of separate equipment. At the same time, the units are compactly connected around the tower body. The air intake unit is directly connected to the air intake at the bottom of the tower body, the exhaust unit is connected to the air outlet at the top, the circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit is directly connected to the circulating water treatment unit and the spraying unit. This significantly reduces the complexity of pipelines across equipment, lowers the risk of pipeline blockage, and requires only centralized operation and maintenance of the tower body and supporting units in the later stages, significantly reducing installation and maintenance costs. The tower body is equipped with a demisting unit and multiple cyclone purification units arranged sequentially from top to bottom, with a corresponding spray unit installed below each cyclone purification unit. This forms a multi-stage synergistic mode of "cyclone separation and spray purification." After the exhaust gas enters through the bottom inlet, it undergoes preliminary treatment by the lowest cyclone purification unit and its corresponding spray unit, then progressively passes through subsequent cyclone purification units and spray units for further purification. Finally, the demisting unit removes water mist. This system can simultaneously and specifically treat various pollutants in the exhaust gas, including particulate matter (from coarse to fine particles), tar, SO2, and NO2. The spray units are located below the cyclone purification units, ensuring effective convective contact between the spray liquid and the exhaust gas, improving gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency, avoiding the problem of incomplete treatment by a single purification structure, and further guaranteeing the purification effect. The circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body and can collect pollutant-laden water flowing down the tower wall. The spray liquid, after treatment, is transported to the circulating cooling heat exchange unit. This unit cools the treated water to meet the spray cooling requirements and recovers the waste heat from the exhaust gas carried in the spray liquid for secondary energy utilization. Simultaneously, the treated water is transported back to the spray unit for reuse, forming a closed-loop water resource cycle of "spraying-collection-treatment-cooling-re-spraying," reducing fresh water consumption and wastewater discharge while balancing energy conservation and environmental protection. Furthermore, the connection between the air inlet unit and the air outlet allows for stable exhaust gas entry into the tower, preventing flow fluctuations from affecting purification. The connection between the exhaust unit and the air outlet ensures stable discharge of purified exhaust gas. Combined with the demisting unit, this prevents water mist from carrying residual pollutants, ensuring exhaust gas meets standards. The connection structure between each unit and the tower, along with the internal unit layout, creates a rational exhaust gas flow path, preventing airflow short-circuiting or stagnation and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0048] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for purifying tail gas from machine-made charcoal, characterized in that, The tower body includes an air outlet at the top and an air inlet on one side of the bottom. Inside the tower body are a demisting unit and multiple cyclone purification units, and outside the tower body are a circulating cooling heat exchange unit and a circulating water treatment unit. The demisting unit is installed below the air outlet, and multiple cyclone purification units are installed below the demisting unit from top to bottom. The cyclone purification unit located at the bottom is located above the air inlet, and a spray unit is installed below each cyclone purification unit. The circulating water treatment unit is connected to the bottom of the tower body, and the circulating cooling heat exchange unit is connected to both the circulating water treatment unit and the spray unit.

2. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cyclone purification unit includes an outward blind plate and multiple cyclone blades, with the multiple cyclone blades respectively inclinedly disposed on the outer wall of the outward blind plate.

3. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cyclone purification unit also includes an outer ring, which covers the outside of multiple cyclone blades. The end of each cyclone blade away from the outward blind plate is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder. A gap is provided between the outer ring and the inner wall of the tower body. A flow guide groove is provided on the outer ring, and a flow guide pipe is connected inside the flow guide groove. The flow guide pipe is inclined and its outlet faces the outward blind plate of the cyclone purification unit below it.

4. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating water treatment unit includes a cone-shaped hopper and multiple interconnected oil and sludge removal tanks; The cone hopper is connected to the bottom of the tower body. Multiple oil and sludge removal water tanks are located below the cone hopper, and the cone hopper is connected to the water tank closest to it. The bottom of each oil and sludge removal water tank is connected to a sludge hopper.

5. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the oil and sludge removal tanks is equipped with a flow guide assembly that slopes from the outlet of the cone hopper to the inlet of the sludge hopper.

6. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The flow guiding assembly includes multiple equally spaced and parallel flow guiding plates.

7. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating cooling heat exchange unit includes a heat exchanger, a vertical circulating pump, and a three-stage water tank. The heat exchanger is connected to the vertical circulating pump and multiple spray units, and the vertical circulating pump is connected to the three-stage water tank.

8. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple spray units are connected by a main pipe. Each spray unit includes a branch pipe. One end of the branch pipe extends into the tower body and is equipped with multiple nozzles arranged radially. The other end of the branch pipe is connected to the main pipe.

9. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the air intake direction and the tangent direction of the tower body is in the range of 10° to 20°.

10. The charcoal tail gas purification equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray unit is located at two-thirds of the distance between two adjacent cyclone purification units.

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