Sludge gasification pyrolysis device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to sludge treatment technical field discloses a sludge gasification pyrolysis device. This sludge gasification pyrolysis device includes feed hopper, gasification furnace body, gas collection component and combustion chamber, and feed hopper has feed inlet and discharge gate, and sludge enters feed hopper from feed inlet, gasification furnace body communicates with discharge gate, and gasification furnace body has drying section, pyrolysis section, reduction section and oxidation section from top to bottom, and gasification furnace body is provided with air inlet, and air enters gasification furnace body inside from air inlet, and the bottom of gasification furnace body is connected with slagging-off machine, one end of gas collection component communicates with gasification furnace body, and the other end of gas collection component communicates with combustion chamber. Sludge gasification pyrolysis device can convert organic matter in sludge into combustible gas and inorganic cinder, and combustible gas is collected to combustion chamber combustion through gas collection component, and inorganic cinder is discharged by slagging-off machine, and can realize harmless disposal sludge, and almost no fly ash, and the harm to environment is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sludge treatment technology, and in particular to a sludge gasification pyrolysis device. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in sewage treatment volume, the amount of sludge generated is also increasing year by year. Sludge contains a large amount of organic matter, pathogens, heavy metals and other harmful substances. If not properly treated, it will pose a serious threat to the environment and human health.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need to provide a sludge gasification and pyrolysis device to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sludge gasification and pyrolysis device that can achieve harmless treatment of sludge, with almost no fly ash and minimal environmental harm.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A sludge gasification pyrolysis device, comprising: The feed hopper has a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, and the sludge enters the feed hopper through the feed inlet; The gasifier furnace body is connected to the discharge port. The gasifier furnace body has a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a reduction section and an oxidation section distributed from top to bottom. The gasifier furnace body is provided with an air inlet. Air enters the gasifier furnace body through the air inlet. A slag discharge machine is connected to the bottom of the gasifier furnace body. The gas collecting assembly and the combustion chamber are provided. One end of the gas collecting assembly is connected to the gasifier body, and the other end of the gas collecting assembly is connected to the combustion chamber. The gas collecting assembly is used to collect combustible gas in the gasifier body into the combustion chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the gas collection assembly includes: A gas collecting pipe, one end of which is connected to the gasifier body, and the other end of which is connected to the combustion chamber. An induced draft fan has an air inlet and an air outlet. The induced draft fan is installed in the middle of a section of the gas collecting pipe, and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively sealed and connected to the corresponding sections of the gas collecting pipe to connect the induced draft fan with the gasifier body and the combustion chamber.

[0007] Preferably, the induced draft fan is a centrifugal fan.

[0008] Preferably, the gas collecting pipe is made of a high-temperature resistant material.

[0009] Preferably, the gasifier body is provided with a heat insulation layer.

[0010] Preferably, the combustion chamber has an air supply pipe.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple discharge ports, and the feed port is connected to multiple discharge ports, and the multiple gasifier bodies are respectively connected to multiple discharge ports.

[0012] Preferably, the gas collection assembly includes a gas collection pipe and an induced draft fan, wherein the gas collection pipe includes: The first pipe fitting has two ends connected to the adjacent gasifier furnace body, and the first pipe fitting is also connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan. The second pipe has one end connected to the air outlet of the induced draft fan, and the other end connected to the combustion chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the gasifier is provided with a refractory layer.

[0014] Preferably, the feed hopper has a material sealing layer located above the feed inlet.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: This sludge gasification and pyrolysis device includes a feed hopper, a gasifier body, a gas collection assembly, and a combustion chamber. The feed hopper has a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, through which sludge enters the feed hopper. The gasifier body is connected to the discharge outlet and has a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a reduction section, and an oxidation section distributed from top to bottom. An air inlet is provided at the top of the gasifier body, through which air enters the interior of the gasifier body. A slag discharge machine is connected to the bottom of the gasifier body. One end of the gas collection assembly is connected to the gasifier body, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber. The gas collection assembly is used to collect combustible gases in the gasifier body into the combustion chamber.

[0016] Sludge enters the feed hopper through the inlet and falls into the gasifier body through the outlet under gravity. During its descent, the sludge comes into contact with the rising high-temperature gas in the drying section and the radiant heat in the oxidation section, drying out the moisture and making the sludge drier. The organic matter in the dried sludge undergoes intense thermal decomposition and depolymerization in the pyrolysis section, releasing small amounts of tar vapor, methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, generating semi-coke. The semi-coke undergoes condensation to produce coke, releasing hydrogen and methane. In the reduction section, the coke reacts with water vapor to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide. The remaining organic matter, semi-coke, and coke react with oxygen in the oxidation section to produce carbon dioxide and inorganic slag, releasing a large amount of heat. The inorganic slag is discharged from the gasifier body through the slag discharger. The gas collection assembly collects the gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and small amounts of tar vapor, etc.) in the gasifier body and sends them to the combustion chamber, where they are burned.

[0017] The organic matter in the sludge undergoes high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification within the gasifier, decomposing into gases such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor. These gases are then collected by a gas collection assembly and burned in the combustion chamber, releasing a significant amount of heat energy. This heat energy can be used for power generation, heating, or driving other equipment, achieving energy recovery and utilization from the sludge. This not only improves energy efficiency but also eliminates excess exhaust gas and dust, making it environmentally friendly. The gas collection assembly directly collects combustible gases into the combustion chamber, reducing the chance of condensation of the small amount of tar vapor during transport. This avoids blockage problems caused by tar condensation, and the absence of tar vapor condensation loss ensures high calorific value of the combustible gases, allowing for more efficient conversion into heat energy. The remaining organic matter, semi-coke, and coke release a large amount of heat energy during aerobic combustion in the oxidation section. Thermal energy can be transferred to the pyrolysis and reduction sections through heat conduction and radiation within the gasifier, providing a heat source for the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of organic matter in the sludge in the pyrolysis section and the reduction of coke in the reduction section. This process is completely independent of external heat sources, reducing energy consumption and operating costs. By treating sludge with this sludge gasification and pyrolysis device, the organic matter in the sludge can be converted into high-calorific-value combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor, etc.) and inorganic slag. The combustible gases are collected and burned in the combustion chamber, while the inorganic slag is discharged by the slag discharger. Furthermore, under the high-temperature environment inside the gasifier, pathogens and organic pollutants in the sludge can be pyrolyzed at high temperatures, and heavy metals are solidified at high temperatures, making the inorganic slag non-toxic and harmless. This enables the harmless treatment of sludge with almost no fly ash and minimal environmental harm. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the sludge gasification and pyrolysis device provided by this utility model.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Feed hopper; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Discharge outlet; 2. Gasifier body; 3. Slag discharge machine; 4. Gas collection assembly; 41. Gas collection pipe; 411. First pipe fitting; 412. Second pipe fitting; 42. Exhaust fan; 5. Combustion chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problem solved by this utility model, the technical solution adopted, and the technical effect achieved clearer, the technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this utility model and not for limiting it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to this utility model are shown in the accompanying drawings, not all of them.

[0021] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0022] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0023] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0024] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increase in sewage treatment volume, the amount of sludge generated is also increasing year by year. Sludge contains a large amount of organic matter, pathogens, heavy metals and other harmful substances. If not properly treated, it will pose a serious threat to the environment and human health.

[0026] Therefore, such as Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a sludge gasification pyrolysis device, which includes a feed hopper 1, a gasifier furnace body 2, a gas collection assembly 4, and a combustion chamber 5. The feed hopper 1 has a feed inlet 11 and a discharge outlet 12, and sludge enters the feed hopper 1 through the feed inlet 11. The gasifier furnace body 2 is connected to the discharge outlet 12. The gasifier furnace body 2 has a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a reduction section, and an oxidation section distributed from top to bottom. An air inlet is provided at the upper part of the gasifier furnace body 2, and air enters the gasifier furnace body through the air inlet. A slag discharge machine 3 is connected to the bottom of the gasifier furnace body 2. One end of the gas collection assembly 4 is connected to the gasifier furnace body 2, and the other end of the gas collection assembly 4 is connected to the combustion chamber 5. The gas collection assembly 4 is used to collect the gas in the gasifier furnace body 2 into the combustion chamber 5.

[0027] Sludge enters the feed hopper 1 through the feed inlet 11 and falls into the gasifier furnace body 2 through the discharge outlet 12 under the action of gravity. During the descent, the sludge comes into contact with the rising high-temperature gas and radiant heat energy in the drying section of the gasifier furnace body 2, drying out the moisture in the sludge and making it drier. The organic matter in the dried sludge undergoes strong thermal decomposition and depolymerization reactions in the pyrolysis section, releasing methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor, generating semi-coke. The semi-coke undergoes condensation reaction to generate coke. Hydrogen and methane are released; coke reacts with water vapor in the reduction section to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and also reacts with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide; the remaining organic matter, semi-coke and coke react with oxygen in the oxidation section to produce carbon dioxide and inorganic slag, releasing a large amount of heat; the inorganic slag is discharged from the gasifier body 2 via the slag discharger 3, and the gas collection assembly 4 collects the gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a small amount of tar vapor, etc.) in the gasifier body 2 into the combustion chamber 5, where the gases are burned.

[0028] By setting an air inlet, an appropriate amount of air is blown into the interior of the gasifier body 2 through the air inlet, so as to provide oxygen for the oxidation reaction that occurs in the oxidation section and keep the pyrolysis and reduction reactions in an oxygen-deficient state. The oxygen-deficient state can promote the uniform distribution of heat in the reduction section and the pyrolysis section, making the reactions that occur in the reduction section and the pyrolysis section more uniform and stable.

[0029] The organic matter in the sludge undergoes high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification within the gasifier furnace 2, decomposing into gases such as methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor. These gases are then collected by the gas collection assembly 4 and burned in the combustion chamber 5, releasing a large amount of heat energy. This heat energy can be used for power generation, heating, or driving other equipment, achieving energy recovery and utilization from the sludge. This not only improves energy efficiency but also reduces the generation of harmful gases (such as dioxins), making it environmentally friendly. The gas collection assembly 4 directly collects the combustible gas into the combustion chamber 5, reducing the chance of condensation of the small amount of tar vapor during transport, thus avoiding blockage problems caused by tar condensation. Furthermore, the absence of tar vapor condensation loss results in a high calorific value for the combustible gas, enabling more efficient conversion into heat energy. The remaining organic matter, semi-coke, and coke release a large amount of heat energy during aerobic combustion in the oxidation section. This portion of heat energy can be transferred to the pyrolysis and reduction sections through heat conduction and radiation within the gasifier body 2, providing a heat source for the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of organic matter in the sludge in the pyrolysis section and the reduction of coke in the reduction section. It is completely independent of external heat sources, reducing energy consumption and operating costs. By treating sludge through this sludge gasification and pyrolysis device, the organic matter in the sludge can be converted into high-calorific-value combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor, etc.) and inorganic slag. The combustible gases are collected and burned in the combustion chamber 5, and the inorganic slag is discharged by the slag discharger 3. In the high-temperature environment inside the gasifier body 2, pathogens and organic pollutants in the sludge can be pyrolyzed at high temperatures, and heavy metals are solidified at high temperatures, making the inorganic slag non-toxic and harmless. This enables the harmless treatment of sludge with almost no fly ash and minimal environmental harm.

[0030] It is worth mentioning that the gasifier body 2 is a common structure in the prior art. This embodiment does not limit its specific structure, and any suitable gasifier body 2 in the prior art can be selected.

[0031] Optionally, the inner wall of the gasifier body 2 is provided with a refractory layer. During operation, the internal temperature of the gasifier is extremely high. The refractory layer can withstand the high temperature, protecting the metal structure of the gasifier body 2 from high-temperature damage and extending the service life of the gasifier body 2. The refractory layer can maintain the high-temperature environment inside the gasifier body 2, which helps the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification reaction of organic matter in sludge to proceed smoothly.

[0032] Optionally, a heat insulation layer is provided on the gasifier body 2. By providing a heat insulation layer, the heat exchange between the inside of the gasifier body 2 and the outside is reduced, allowing more heat to be retained inside the gasifier body 2 for the reactions in the pyrolysis and reduction sections, ensuring the smooth progress of the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification reaction of the sludge. Specifically, a heat insulation material can be wrapped around the outer periphery of the gasifier body 2 to form a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation material can be rock wool, etc., and this embodiment is not limited to this.

[0033] It should be noted that the slag discharger 3 can adopt the slag discharge structure commonly used in the prior art, and this embodiment does not limit it. Furthermore, the specific connection method between the slag discharger 3 and the gasifier body 2 refers to the common method in the prior art and is not limited.

[0034] Optionally, such as Figure 1 As shown, the gas collection assembly 4 includes a gas collection pipe 41 and an induced draft fan 42. One end of the gas collection pipe 41 is connected to the gasifier body 2, and the other end of the gas collection pipe 41 is connected to the combustion chamber 5. The induced draft fan 42 has an inlet and an outlet. The induced draft fan 42 is installed in the middle of the gas collection pipe 41, and the inlet and outlet are respectively sealed and connected to the corresponding sections of the gas collection pipe 41 to connect the induced draft fan 42 with the gasifier body 2 and the combustion chamber 5. The gas collection pipe 41 is connected to the gasifier body 2 to collect combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a small amount of tar vapor, etc.) generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis and gasification of sludge in the gasifier body 2. The induced draft fan 42 is used to transport the combustible gases collected by the gas collection pipe 41 to the combustion chamber 5. The induced draft fan 42 ensures that gas can be drawn quickly and stably from the gasifier body 2 into the combustion chamber 5, reducing the residence time of gas in the gas collection pipe 41, reducing the possibility of tar vapor condensing due to temperature drop, helping to keep the gas collection pipe 41 unobstructed, reducing the blockage problem caused by tar condensation, and further improving the stability and reliability of this sludge gasification pyrolysis device.

[0035] In one optional embodiment, the induced draft fan 42 is a centrifugal fan.

[0036] Optionally, the gas collecting pipe 41 is made of a high-temperature resistant material. The temperature of the gas passing through the gas collecting pipe 41 is typically high. Using a high-temperature resistant material ensures that the gas collecting pipe 41 is not easily deformed or cracked by high temperatures, thus guaranteeing its stability. For example, the gas collecting pipe 41 can be made of high-alloy stainless steel, alumina ceramic, etc., but this embodiment is not limited to these materials.

[0037] Optionally, a heat insulation layer is provided on the gas collecting pipe 41. By providing a heat insulation layer, the heat exchange between the gas inside the gas collecting pipe 41 and the outside is reduced, preventing tar vapor from condensing during transportation and causing blockage of the gas collecting pipe 41. Specifically, a heat insulation material can be wrapped around the outer periphery of the gas collecting pipe 41 to form a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation material can be rock wool, etc., and this embodiment is not limited to this.

[0038] Optionally, the combustion chamber 5 is connected to a gas supply pipe, through which oxygen is supplied to the combustion chamber 5. During combustion, sufficient oxygen ensures that the combustible gases (methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of tar vapor, etc.) collected from the gasifier body 2 into the combustion chamber 5 are fully combusted, reducing pollutants generated by incomplete combustion; complete combustion of combustible gases can maximize the conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy, improving the utilization rate of calorific value.

[0039] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple discharge ports 12, and the feed inlet 11 is connected to all multiple discharge ports 12. Multiple gasifier bodies 2 are also connected to multiple discharge ports 12. By setting multiple discharge ports 12 and multiple gasifier bodies 2, parallel processing of sludge can be achieved, significantly improving sludge treatment capacity and meeting the needs of large-scale sludge treatment. For example, in this embodiment, there are multiple discharge ports 12 and multiple gasifier bodies 2.

[0040] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the gas collecting pipe 41 includes a first pipe fitting 411 and a second pipe fitting 412. Both ends of the first pipe fitting 411 are connected to adjacent gasifier bodies 2, and the first pipe fitting 411 is also connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan 42. One end of the second pipe fitting 412 is connected to the air outlet of the induced draft fan 42, and the other end of the second pipe fitting 412 is connected to the combustion chamber. The first pipe fitting 411 collects the gas from adjacent gasifier bodies 2, simplifying the layout of the gas collecting pipe 41 and reducing its overall length and complexity. After collecting the gas from multiple gasifier bodies 2, the first pipe fitting 411 delivers it to the combustion chamber via the induced draft fan 42 and the second pipe fitting 412, thus reducing the construction and maintenance costs of the gas collecting pipe 41.

[0041] Optionally, the feed hopper 1 has a material sealing layer located above the feed inlet 11. Sludge contains a large amount of organic matter, which is prone to oxidation in an aerobic environment, leading to quality loss. The material sealing layer effectively isolates air and prevents gas leakage from the gasifier body 2, preventing sludge from contacting air during feeding, reducing oxidation, maintaining the original quality of the sludge, and ensuring that gas does not leak from the gasifier body 2, thus preventing safety risks.

[0042] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A sludge gasification pyrolysis device, characterized in that, include: The feed hopper (1) has a feed inlet (11) and a discharge outlet (12), through which sludge enters the feed hopper (1). The gasifier furnace body (2) is connected to the discharge port (12). The gasifier furnace body (2) has a drying section, a pyrolysis section, a reduction section and an oxidation section distributed from top to bottom. The gasifier furnace body (2) is provided with an air inlet. Air enters the gasifier furnace body (2) through the air inlet to supply oxygen to the oxidation section. The bottom of the gasifier furnace body (2) is connected to a slag discharge machine (3). The gas collection component (4) and the combustion chamber (5) are provided. One end of the gas collection component (4) is connected to the gasifier body (2), and the other end of the gas collection component (4) is connected to the combustion chamber (5). The gas collection component (4) is used to collect combustible gas in the gasifier body (2) into the combustion chamber (5).

2. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas collection assembly (4) includes: Gas collecting pipe (41), one end of which is connected to the gasifier furnace body (2), and the other end of which is connected to the combustion chamber (5); The induced draft fan (42) has an air inlet and an air outlet. The induced draft fan (42) is installed in the middle of the section of the gas collecting pipe (41), and the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively sealed and connected to the corresponding section of the gas collecting pipe (41) to connect the induced draft fan (42) with the gasifier body (2) and the combustion chamber (5).

3. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The induced draft fan (42) is a centrifugal fan.

4. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gas collecting pipe (41) is made of high temperature resistant material.

5. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gasifier furnace body (2) is provided with a heat insulation layer.

6. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion chamber (5) has an air supply pipe.

7. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of discharge ports (12) is multiple, the feed port (11) is connected to multiple discharge ports (12), and the multiple gasifier bodies (2) are respectively connected to multiple discharge ports (12).

8. The sludge gasification pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gas collection assembly (4) includes a gas collection pipe (41) and an exhaust fan (42), the exhaust fan (42) having an air inlet and an air outlet, and the gas collection pipe (41) including: The first pipe fitting (411) has two ends connected to the adjacent gasifier furnace body (2) respectively, and the first pipe fitting (411) is also connected to the air inlet of the induced draft fan (42). The second pipe (412) is connected at one end to the air outlet of the induced draft fan (42) and at the other end to the combustion chamber (5).

9. The sludge gasification pyrolysis device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the gasifier is provided with a refractory layer.

10. The sludge gasification pyrolysis apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed hopper (1) has a material sealing layer located above the feed inlet (11).

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