Military vehicle

Abstract

Military vehicle with a hull (2) for accommodating the vehicle crew and a turret (3) mounted above the hull (2) rotatably about an azimuth axis (A), which has a viewing hatch (4) to provide an over-hatch viewing position (P1) for a crew member (B) accommodated in the hull (2) in an observation seat (7), wherein the observation seat (7) provides the crew member (B) with a fixed seat inside the hull (2) and wherein the observation seat (7) is decoupled from the hull (2) and rotatable with the turret (3) in the over-hatch viewing position (P1).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a military vehicle with a hull for accommodating the vehicle crew and a turret rotatably mounted above the hull about an azimuth axis.

[0002] Military vehicles, such as wheeled or tracked vehicles, often have a hull that accommodates the vehicle crew and is protected against military threats, and which, depending on the configuration, provides several seats for the crew members and / or storage space for cargo.

[0003] Above the hull of such vehicles, a turret is typically mounted, housing a medium- or large-caliber weapon. This turret is rotatable relative to the hull and allows the weapon to be aimed in both azimuth and elevation. The turrets can be manned, as is the case with many main battle tanks and similar vehicles, or unmanned, as with infantry fighting vehicles or similar vehicles.

[0004] GB 1 409 030 A is known to have an observation hatch for military installations and vehicles.

[0005] Document FR 2 885 854 A1 reveals a vehicle with a hatch coupled to a seat inside the vehicle.

[0006] US 3,954,041 A describes a military vehicle with a rotating turret that has a viewing hatch for persons arranged inside the vehicle.

[0007] GB 2 359 351 A is known to have a vehicle with a rotating turret with an inverted periscope, which allows the vehicle crew to see outside the vehicle.

[0008] Document DE 10 2008 028 872 A1 describes a seating system for a military vehicle.

[0009] From DE 10 2005 039 727 A1 a laying tank with a receptacle for a laying device arranged above the vehicle hull is known.

[0010] Manned turrets typically have a hatch at their top for the crew members accommodated inside the manned turret.

[0011] A hatch mounted on the turret allows the crew members inside to stick their heads out, providing them with an elevated vantage point and a good all-around view of the vehicle's surroundings. To protect the crew, manned turrets are more heavily armored than unmanned ones, equipped with appropriate protection against various military threats. This generally results in a comparatively high level of protection and, consequently, a higher vehicle weight.

[0012] Unmanned turrets can be less heavily protected and therefore lighter in overall construction, but they generally lack a hatch providing an elevated viewing position, as the vehicle crew is housed in the hull, not in the turret. The crew can therefore only observe the vehicle's surroundings from a lower position within the hull, for example, through a hatch, periscope, or similar means. Furthermore, certain areas of view may be obstructed by the turret's position above the hull, potentially resulting in limited visibility for vehicles with unmanned turrets.

[0013] Against this background, the invention aims to provide a military vehicle that is characterized by both good visibility and low protection requirements.

[0014] This problem is solved in a vehicle of the type mentioned above by the features of claim 1. Advantageous further developments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0015] The viewing hatch mounted on the turret provides an over-hatch observation position, allowing a crew member inside the hull a good view from an elevated position without requiring the turret to be fully armored for the crew member's protection. This results in good visibility for the crew member with minimal additional protection.

[0016] In this context, an advantageous design provides for the viewing hatch to be arranged on the azimuth axis. Such an arrangement allows the turret to rotate about the azimuth axis independently of the viewing hatch's position. The viewing hatch's position is not affected by the turret's rotation. Advantageously, the viewing hatch can be positioned coaxially with the azimuth axis.

[0017] It has also proven advantageous if the turret is rotatably mounted around a dome fixed to the hull. Such an arrangement allows for a structurally advantageous mounting of the turret and good guidance of the turret's rotational movements around the dome relative to the hull. It is particularly advantageous from a structural point of view if the dome is arranged in the azimuth axis of the turret, and especially coaxially to it, which, for example, also simplifies azimuth aiming. In an advantageous embodiment, the dome fixed to the hull is protected to safeguard the vehicle crew inside the hull. The dome can advantageously contribute to an increase in the size of the hull. In particular, the interior space of the hull can be enlarged.

[0018] In this context, it is proposed that the dome extend from the top of the hull through the tower and that the viewing hatch be located at the top of the dome. This would provide crew members positioned in the hull with an elevated viewing position offering good visibility. In particular, such an arrangement would allow each crew member in the viewing position to have a good all-around view of the vehicle's surroundings. Furthermore, the crew member in the viewing position would be supported by the hull-mounted, protected dome.

[0019] Regarding the dome, it is further proposed that it be designed as a hollow body extending along the azimuth axis. Such a hollow body allows good access to the viewing hatch and the over-hatch viewing position for the crew members mounted in the hull. Furthermore, such a hollow body permits a rotational mounting of the turret around the azimuth axis, which is advantageous from a structural and mechanical perspective. The hollow body can contribute to an increase in the interior space of the hull. In particular, the dome can preferably be designed as a cylindrical and / or conical hollow body.

[0020] From a design perspective, it is also advantageous if the dome has an upper and a lower cylinder connected by a conical cone, with the diameter of the upper cylinder being smaller than that of the lower cylinder. This design, characterized by an upwardly tapered shape, allows easy access to the dome for the crew members inside the hull. The larger lower cylinder provides the crew with improved freedom of movement within the hull. Furthermore, the viewing hatch can be designed with a smaller diameter, similar to the upper cylinder, to minimize potential vulnerabilities. Additionally, the smaller upper cylinder allows for a smaller mounting area for the turret.

[0021] It is further proposed that the cathedral have a pivot bearing for the rotatable mounting of the tower. Such a pivot bearing enables reliable guidance and support of the tower's rotational movements. In particular, the pivot bearing can be located on the outer circumference of the cathedral. Multiple pivot bearings can also be provided. These multiple pivot bearings can be arranged one above the other at different points on the cathedral.

[0022] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the military vehicle has an observation seat arranged in the hull below the dome for accommodating the crew member. Such an observation seat provides the crew member with a fixed seat within the hull. In particular, the crew member can be safely and comfortably accommodated in the observation seat while the vehicle is in motion. Furthermore, the observation seat can also provide a safe and comfortable view from the over-hatch position. It is particularly advantageous if the observation seat is arranged on the azimuth axis. In a further advantageous development, the observation seat can be configured as a commander's seat.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, the observation seat is movable along the azimuth axis between the over-hatch viewing position and a under-hatch protective position. This design allows for height adjustment of the observation seat between the elevated over-hatch viewing position, which offers a good view, and the low under-hatch protective position, which provides good protection against military threats. The crew member in the observation seat can be easily moved from the under-hatch protective position to the over-hatch viewing position. The observation seat can be height-adjustable, in particular electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically. Stepless height adjustment is preferred, which, for example, allows the over-hatch viewing position of the observation seat to be precisely adjusted to the crew member's height.A particularly advantageous design is one in which the observation seat is attached to the hull via a seat lifting frame. In the lower hatch protection position, the overall height of the vehicle is minimal, which can be beneficial when passing under obstacles or through underpasses, etc.

[0024] The invention provides that the observation seat in the over-hatch viewing position is detachable from the hull and rotatable with the turret. This allows the crew member seated in the observation seat a particularly good view. In particular, a simple and comfortable all-around view of the vehicle's surroundings can be provided. Advantageously, the observation seat can be rotatably coupled to the turret in such a way that the crew member in the over-hatch viewing position can always look in the direction of the turret's weapon. However, it can also be advantageous if the observation seat in the over-hatch viewing position can be rotated independently of the turret in a direction different from the direction of the weapon, for example, to observe a lateral or rear area of ​​the vehicle when the weapon is facing forward. In the under-hatch protection position, the observation seat is advantageously

[0025] It is not rotatable, is coupled to the tub, and is aligned forward in the direction of travel of the vehicle.

[0026] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the observation seat be rotatable within an angular range of at least 180°. Such a design allows for a good view with the largest possible field of vision from the over-hatch viewing position. It is particularly preferred if the observation seat is rotatable within an angular range of at least 270°, and especially 360°. Such a design with an angular range of 360° enables the crew member to have a comfortable, complete all-round view, so that, for example, the entire vehicle environment can be observed or reconnaissanceed.

[0027] Regarding the observation seat, it is further proposed that it have a backrest adjustable between a comfortable position and a more compact, space-saving position. The backrest angle is greater in the comfortable position than in the compact position. The comfortable position can be used, in particular, in the lower hatch protection position to provide the crew member with good, ergonomic seating comfort. The compact position can be used, in particular, in the over-hatch viewing position to support an upright seating position for the crew member, ensuring a good view. In the compact position, collisions or jamming with the hull, especially the dome, which can occur, for example, when adjusting the height or rotation of the observation seat, can be avoided.Furthermore, the compact position of the observation seat ensures that the crew member in the seat is not injured during height or rotation adjustments, for example, by collisions with the hull or dome. Preferably, the seat back is oriented essentially vertically in the compact position. In an advantageous embodiment, the change between the comfort position and the compact position of the seat back occurs automatically when the observation seat is moved between the lower hatch protection position and the upper hatch viewing position.

[0028] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the viewing hatch has a hatch opening and a closing element. The closing element can be used to close the hatch opening, particularly to protect the crew members from military hazards and / or environmental influences such as the weather. The closing element can, in particular, be a hatch cover or similar element for closing the hatch opening. It is especially preferred that the hatch cover be NBC-proof.

[0029] In this context, it is preferred if the hatch opening is fixed to the hull and the closing element is fixed to the turret. Such an arrangement allows the closing element to rotate with the turret around the azimuth axis without affecting the hatch opening. In particular, the closing element can be supported on the turret when the hatch opening is open, especially on the top of the turret. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the hatch opening fixed to the hull can be protected in accordance with the hull design. In a structurally advantageous embodiment, the hatch opening is located on the dome.

[0030] A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the closing element is designed to be movable transversely to the azimuth axis. This enables user-friendly, quick, and safe opening and closing of the hatch opening. In particular, the closing element can be designed to be actuated from inside the tub. In this context, the closing element can be designed to be displaceable, foldable, or pivotable transversely to the azimuth axis.

[0031] It is further proposed that the viewing hatch feature a trough-proof viewing dome. Such a dome can provide good protection for the crew member in the viewing position above the hatch. In particular, the viewing dome can be designed so that its interior is shielded from the vehicle's surroundings, for example, to protect against weather conditions or military threats. A particularly preferred option is an armored viewing dome to protect against military threats. It is also advantageous for the viewing dome to be essentially cylindrical, especially round-cylindrical. The viewing dome can also be designed as a viewing platform.

[0032] In a structurally advantageous embodiment, the viewing hatch features a closing element designed as a domed roof. This domed roof can be used to close the hatch opening. This protects the interior of the hull and thus the vehicle crew from environmental influences and / or military hazards. In a preferred embodiment, the domed roof is armored and / or NBC-proof.

[0033] In connection with the viewing dome, it is proposed that the dome be designed to be movable along the azimuth axis. Such a design particularly allows for height adjustment of the viewing dome. For this purpose, the viewing dome can have a lifting mechanism and be height-adjustable, for example, electrically, mechanically, or hydraulically. A stepless height adjustment is preferred for easy adjustment of the viewing dome's position along the azimuth axis.

[0034] A structurally advantageous design provides for the viewing dome to be at least partially incorporated into the dome. The dome, designed to be protected on the basin side, can thus provide shelter for the viewing dome, as well as support for it and guide its movements.

[0035] In this context, it has proven advantageous for the observation cupola to be movable back and forth between an observation position, in which it is at least partially positioned above the turret, and a safety position, in which it is located within the hull. The observation cupola can be moved into the observation position, particularly to provide the crew member with the over-hatch observation position. In this position, the crew member can look out from inside the observation cupola, which is in the elevated position. The observation cupola serves to protect the crew member inside from military hazards and the elements.In particular, when the observation dome is in the viewing position, the observation seat, which is in the compact position, can be moved to the over-hatch viewing position, with the observation seat located inside the observation dome. In the safety position, the observation dome is positioned within the hull, especially within the dome, to provide a minimum overall vehicle height.

[0036] It is proposed that the observation dome have a dome shell that is at least partially open. Such a partially open dome shell allows the crew member a good view from the observation dome. In an advantageous embodiment, the dome shell is made of glass, particularly armored glass, to protect the crew member from military hazards and / or the elements. In a safety-related advantage, the dome shell can, for example, be gas-tight. Given the contamination expected in many operational scenarios, it can also be advantageous for the dome shell to be made of an opaque material to provide greater protection for the crew member. In this case, the dome shell can, for example, be made of metal and may have smaller viewing openings.

[0037] A preferred embodiment provides that the viewing dome has at least two supports for bracing the dome roof against the tub. The supports allow for stable bracing of the dome roof against the tub. Viewing windows can be provided between the supports to offer a good view from the over-hatch viewing position. An arrangement with at least two, and in particular four, substantially vertical supports is especially preferred for improved bracing and, if necessary, for increasing the load-bearing capacity of the dome roof.

[0038] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous to have a 360° rotatable viewing device mounted on the top of the turret for observing the vehicle's surroundings from inside the hull. Such a device allows observation of the vehicle's surroundings from within the hull even in situations where the over-hatch viewing position cannot or should not be used. Such situations might arise, for example, in the event of an increased military threat level, or when the available space does not permit an over-hatch viewing position. In this context, it is further proposed that the viewing device include at least one sensor for observing the vehicle's surroundings, such as an optical sensor like an infrared and / or thermal imaging camera. The viewing device and / or the sensor can also be used in parallel with the over-hatch viewing position, e.g.,for viewing in a different field of view, supplementing the crew member's field of vision. In this context, it is preferred if the viewing device is rotatably mounted independently of the turret and / or the observation seat.

[0039] It is proposed that the viewing device be positioned outside the crew member's field of vision. Such an arrangement allows the crew member in the over-hatch viewing position an unobstructed view. In particular, it provides a view in all directions, preferably a 360° panoramic view.

[0040] From a design perspective, it has proven advantageous in this context to mount the viewing device on the dome roof, with its drive unit housed in a drive unit located above the viewing dome. Such an arrangement ensures that, when the viewing dome is in the viewing position, the viewing device is outside the crew member's field of vision in the over-hatch viewing position. Furthermore, the dome roof mounting allows for a suitably elevated position of the viewing device, thus providing an improved view. Moreover, this arrangement allows the viewing device to be positioned coaxially with the azimuth axis, which simplifies the coordination of the turret's azimuth movements with the viewing device.The drive unit of the viewing device, which is housed in the drive casing, is advantageously located in the protected basin, particularly in the dome, when the viewing dome is in its safe position, thus protecting it against military threats.

[0041] In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the turret be remotely controllable from within the hull and include at least one weapon capable of elevation. This increases the vehicle's military operational capabilities. In particular, the turret's rotational movement around the azimuth axis for aiming the weapon in azimuth can be remotely controlled. It is especially preferred if the weapon is a medium- or large-caliber weapon capable of elevation, particularly a barrel weapon. In this context, it may also be advantageous if the turret, in addition to a primary weapon, also includes a secondary weapon, in particular a secondary weapon capable of elevation with a different caliber and / or different elevation aiming characteristics. Furthermore, it may be preferred in this context if the turret includes an active protection system for improved protection of the vehicle against incoming missiles.

[0042] It has proven structurally advantageous for the vehicle to have an activatable air seal located in the dome area, with the air seal being coupled to the viewing dome and / or the observation seat for activation. An arrangement of the air seal in the area of ​​the dome cone and / or the turret's pivot bearing is particularly advantageous. The activatable seal can, in particular, be coupled to the height adjustment of the viewing dome and / or the observation seat.

[0043] Further details and advantages of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. However, the invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments. Further exemplary embodiments may result from combining the features of one or more of the features described above with each other and / or with one or more features of the exemplary embodiments or claims. The drawings show: Fig. 1 a partial side view of a vehicle according to the invention in a first embodiment; Fig. 2 a partial perspective view of the vehicle according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a sectional view of the vehicle according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; Fig. 4 a partial side view of a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention; Fig. 5 a partial perspective view of the vehicle according to Fig. 4; Fig. 6 a sectional view of the vehicle according to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; Fig. 7 a partial side view of a vehicle according to a third embodiment of the invention; Fig. 8 a partial perspective view of the vehicle according to Fig. 7; Fig. 9 a partial side view of a vehicle according to a fourth embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 10 a partial perspective view of the vehicle according to Fig. 9.

[0044] The depictions in the Fig. Figures 1-10 show a military vehicle 1 in various, sometimes cropped, views, which for the sake of clarity are only partially depicted. Although the depicted vehicle 1 has wheel drive, it could just as easily be a different type of vehicle, for example, a tracked vehicle 1.

[0045] To accommodate the vehicle crew, vehicle 1 has a hull 2, which is protected against military threats, in particular by armor plating, to safeguard the crew members B inside. A turret 3 is mounted above the hull 2, rotatably about an azimuth axis A. A weapon 12 is mounted on the turret 3, adjustable in azimuth and elevation.

[0046] Vehicle 1 allows crew member B, accommodated in hull 2, a good view from an elevated vantage point while requiring minimal protection, which will be demonstrated below, first by means of the Fig. 1-3 will be explained.

[0047] Turret 3 has a viewing hatch 4 to provide a viewing position P1 above the hatch for a crew member B accommodated in hull 2. This is shown in the illustration in Fig. As can be seen from 1, crew member B can stick his head out of the viewing hatch 4 and thus observe the vehicle's surroundings from the so-called over-hatch viewing position P1. Since the viewing hatch 4 is located on the top of the turret 3, the over-hatch viewing position P1 allows for an advantageously elevated viewing position, especially compared to hatches 15 located on the hull 2, which are at a lower level.

[0048] Based on the sectional view in Fig. 3 The following section explains the constructive design and position of the viewing hatch 4 and the mounting of the tower 3 on the tub 2.

[0049] A dome 5 is arranged coaxially to the azimuth axis A on the upper surface of the hull 2. In the present embodiment, the dome 5 is designed as a substantially cylindrical hollow body. The dome 5 extends the hull 2 ​​upwards, thus increasing the interior space of the hull. Like the rest of the hull 2, the dome 5 is also protected, for example, by armor plating, to protect the vehicle crew. The dome 5 extends along the azimuth axis A from the upper surface of the hull 2 ​​through the turret 3. The viewing hatch 4, providing the over-hatch viewing position P1, is located on the upper surface of the dome 5; therefore, the viewing hatch 4 is also situated along the azimuth axis A (see also...). Fig. 1. The viewing hatch 4 is located approximately at the level of the top of the tower.

[0050] As can be seen from the representation in Fig. As can be seen in Figure 2, the dome 5, and thus also the azimuth axis A around which the tower 3 is rotatably mounted, is located in a central area of ​​the vehicle 1, in particular centrally with respect to the vehicle's width. However, it is also conceivable to arrange the azimuth axis A at a different location, which would result in the tower 3 being positioned off-center, both with respect to the vehicle's length and width.

[0051] In the present embodiment, the dome 5 has an upper dome cylinder 5.1 and a lower dome cylinder 5.2, which are connected to each other via a dome cone 5.3, cf. Fig. 3. The lower dome cylinder 5.2 has a comparatively large diameter, which increases the vehicle crew's freedom of movement within the hull 2. In contrast, the upper dome cylinder 5.1 has a smaller diameter, which essentially corresponds to the diameter of the viewing hatch 4 located at the upper end of the upper dome cylinder 5.1. The diameter of the viewing hatch 4 is designed to be as small as possible to minimize ballistic vulnerabilities.

[0052] Tower 3 has a stepped recess in its central area, which corresponds to the shape of the dome 5. Tower 3 is placed onto the dome 5 from the outside via this recess and is rotatably mounted around it. For this purpose, the dome 5 has a pivot bearing 6 on its outer circumference, which enables reliable support of the rotational movements of tower 3 about the azimuth axis A. In the present embodiment, the pivot bearing 6 is designed as a conical bearing or skewed bearing on the dome cone 5.3, cf. Fig. 3. The inclined bearing allows a comparatively large bearing area of ​​the tower 3 on the dome 5, thus enabling a robust and low-maintenance rotary bearing.

[0053] The rotating mounting of turret 3 around dome 5 allows turret 3 to rotate around the azimuth axis A without affecting the over-hatch viewing position P1. Due to the coaxial arrangement of dome 5 and viewing hatch 4 with respect to the azimuth axis A – which corresponds to the rotation axis of turret 3 – turret 3 can be rotated around dome 5 and thus also around crew member B looking out of viewing hatch 4. This allows crew member B to observe the vehicle's surroundings regardless of the rotation position of turret 3. Furthermore, even in the over-hatch viewing position P1, crew member B is protected by the shielded dome 5 mounted on the hull 2 ​​and thus shielded from military threats. Since turret 3 is unmanned, it does not require particularly robust protection and can therefore be of relatively lightweight construction.This can, for example, enable more dynamic rotational movements and reduce the overall weight of vehicle 1.

[0054] The following will be based on the representation in Fig. Section 3 explains how crew member B, who was taken into tub 2, can get from tub 2 to the over-hatch viewpoint position P1.

[0055] The hull 2 ​​contains an observation seat 7, which accommodates crew member B, who could, for example, be the commander of the vehicle 1. The observation seat 7 is designed in the manner of a known seat in military vehicles. It is located below the dome 5 in the azimuth axis A and is height-adjustable along the azimuth axis A. For this purpose, the observation seat 7 has a seat lifting mechanism 17, which may be operated mechanically, hydraulically, or electrically. In the present embodiment, the observation seat 7 is attached to the hull 2 ​​via the seat lifting mechanism 17. The seat lifting mechanism 17 allows the observation seat 7 to be continuously adjusted between the over-hatch viewing position P1 and an under-hatch protective position P2 opposite the over-hatch viewing position P1.

[0056] According to the representation in Fig. 3. The observation seat 7 is located in the over-hatch viewpoint position P1 at a height that allows crew member B a good view out of the viewpoint hatch 4. This height can be adjusted depending on the height of crew member B.

[0057] The observation seat 7 can be detached from the hull 2 ​​in the over-hatch viewing position P1 and coupled to the turret 3. Thus, the observation seat 7 is rotatably coupled to the turret 3 about the azimuth axis A. Preferably, the observation seat 7 can be rotated within an angular range of at least 180°, so that, for example, starting from a forward-facing position relative to the vehicle 1, the observation seat 7 can be rotated 90° to the left and right. Particularly preferred is an extended rotation range up to a complete 360° rotation of the observation seat 7. This allows for a particularly comfortable all-round view.

[0058] The rotation of the observation seat 7 with the turret 3 can be synchronized, so that the observation seat 7, with crew member B, follows the azimuth movements of the turret 3 around the azimuth axis A. Crew member B can thus always face the direction of the weapon 12 of the turret 3. Alternatively, the observation seat 7 can also be rotated asynchronously or independently of the turret 3. For example, the observation seat 7 can be rotated into a position from which crew member B can observe a specific area of ​​the vehicle's surroundings, such as the rear of the vehicle 1, independently of the rotation of the turret 3. Furthermore, it can be set so that the observation seat 7 is always rotated with a certain angular offset from the turret 3, if this proves useful.

[0059] In the lower hatch protective position P2 (not shown in the figures), the observation seat 7 is located at a minimum height inside the hull 2. The lower hatch protective position P2 is used, for example, during extended journeys of the vehicle 1. In this position, the observation seat 7 is oriented in the direction of travel. Particularly in military threat situations, the lower hatch protective position P2 offers crew member B increased protection, as they are completely enclosed within the protected hull 2.

[0060] Since the observation seat 7 is usually moved to the under-hatch protective position P2 for longer journeys, it can be adjusted to a comfort position K1, which offers crew member B a certain degree of ergonomic seating comfort, in particular a comfortable tilt angle α of the seat back 7.1. The tilt angle α is determined by the seat back 7.1 and the azimuth axis A; see also Fig. 6.

[0061] If, however, the observation seat 7 is moved to the over-hatch viewing position P1, the comfort position K1 is no longer possible due to space constraints. Instead, the observation seat 7 is moved to a compact position K2, in which the seat back 7.1 is essentially vertically oriented, i.e., it has a small angle of inclination α. ​​The compact position K2 is less space-consuming, so that the observation seat 7 fits into the tapered area of ​​the upper dome cylinder 5.1, cf. Fig. 3. The changeover between comfort position K1 and compact position K2 can be manual or automatic. In particular, the observation seat 7 can be equipped with sensors which, when adjusting the height of the observation seat 7 from the lower hatch protection position P2 to the upper hatch viewing position P1, help to prevent collisions with the dome 5 or other elements of the hull 2. The sensors can be coupled, in particular, with an automatic adjustment of the seat backrest 7.1 between comfort position K1 and compact position K2.

[0062] To protect the vehicle crew, particularly from military threats, the viewing hatch 4 is designed to be lockable. Two variants are described below, differing in the movement of the locking element 8 relative to the azimuth axis A. This movement can be transverse or parallel to the azimuth axis A.

[0063] First, the representations in the Fig. 1-3 a closing element 8 is described which is movable transversely to the azimuth axis A.

[0064] The viewing hatch 4 has a hatch opening 4.1 and a closing element 8, see in particular. Fig. 2. According to the illustrated embodiment, the closing element 8 is designed as a hatch cover movable transversely to the azimuth axis A. The closing element 8 can, for example, be slidable, pivotable, or hinged. The closing element 8 is actuated, for example, from inside the hull 2 ​​by the vehicle crew or from outside. In the Fig. In the open position of the viewing hatch 4 shown in Figures 1-3, in which the hatch opening 4.1 is open, the closing element 8 is mounted next to the viewing hatch 4 on the turret 3. In this position, the closing element 8 moves with the rotational movements of the turret 3. In this position, the over-hatch viewing position P1 can be set and the observation seat 7 can be moved into the raised position.

[0065] In a closed position not shown in the figures, the closing element 8 closes the hatch opening 4.1. This provides weather protection for the vehicle crew and, in particular, protection against military hazards, especially gunfire. Ideally, the viewing hatch 4 should be sealed against NBC hazards.

[0066] In an alternative embodiment, the viewing hatch 4 has a fixed viewing dome 9 on which a closing element 8, movable along the azimuth axis A, is arranged. This embodiment is described below with reference to the illustrations in the Fig. 4-6 explained.

[0067] The viewing dome 9 is essentially cylindrical, preferably round-cylindrical in shape, and is at least partially incorporated into the dome 5, cf. Fig. 6. The diameter of the viewing dome 9 is adapted to the diameter of the viewing hatch 4 so that the viewing dome 9 can be moved with minimal play along the azimuth axis A through the hatch opening 4.1. The viewing dome 9 has a substantially flat dome roof 9.2, which serves as a closing element 8 for closing the hatch opening 4.1. The dome roof 9.2 is supported by columns 9.3 against the tub 2, see Figure 1. Fig. 7.

[0068] The viewing dome 9 is designed to be movable along the azimuth axis A between a viewing position S1 and a safety position S2 by means of a lifting device 9.5, which may be driven mechanically, hydraulically, or electrically. Viewing position S1 allows a view through the viewing hatch 4, while safety position S2, with the viewing hatch 4 closed, provides increased protection for the vehicle crew.

[0069] In the Fig. In the viewing position S1 shown in Figures 4-6, the viewing dome 9 is at its maximum height. In this position, the dome roof 9.2 is distanced from or lifted off the hatch opening 4.1, so that crew member B, in the over-hatch viewing position P1, can look out at the vehicle's surroundings through viewing windows formed between the supports 9.3 (see Figure 4-6). Fig. 4. The field of vision of crew member B is thus only restricted by the supports 9.3. In the embodiment according to Fig. 4-6 shows that the observation dome 9 has open viewing windows between the supports 9.3. In this configuration, crew member B is exposed to environmental influences such as weather and military threats, at least from the sides. Alternatively, the viewing windows can be completely or partially closed, forming a dome shell 9.1 that shields the interior of the observation dome 9 from the vehicle's surroundings. This dome shell 9.1 can offer increased protection and may be made of, for example, armored glass or metal, possibly with viewing windows. The dome roof 9.2 protects crew member B in the over-hatch observation position P1 from environmental influences and military threats from above.

[0070] The observation dome 9 can be decoupled from the base 2 in the viewing position S1 and coupled to the turret 3. Thus, the observation dome 9 is rotatably coupled to the turret 3 about the azimuth axis A. Preferably, the observation dome 9 can be rotated within an angular range of at least 180°. Particularly preferred is extended rotation capability up to a full 360° rotation of the observation dome 9. This allows for a particularly comfortable all-round view. In particular, with a rotatable observation dome 9, the dome shell 9.1 can be largely closed and, for example, have only a small viewing opening that can be rotated in the respective viewing direction. The rotation of the observation dome 9 can, in particular, be coupled with the rotation of the observation seat 7.

[0071] In the safety position S2, which is not shown in the figures, the viewing dome 9 is in a position of minimum height. In safety position S2, the dome roof 9.2 closes the hatch opening 4.1. This provides protection for the vehicle crew inside the hull 2 ​​from environmental influences and, in particular, also offers protection against military hazards; preferably, it also provides a seal against NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) threats.

[0072] The following will be based on the representations in the Fig. 7-10 two further examples of observation domes 9 are explained.

[0073] The embodiment according to the Fig. 7-8 differs from the previously described embodiment in that the arrangement of the supports 9.3 is less restrictive to the field of vision in the over-hatch viewing position P1. Only one support 9.3 is provided, which also serves as a lifting device 9.5 for the viewing dome 9. In the forward-facing position of the turret 3 and the observation seat 7, the support 9.3 is located outside the field of vision of crew member B.

[0074] An embodiment with a completely closed but transparent dome shell 9.2 is shown in Fig. Figures 9-10 show this design. This configuration provides crew member B in the over-hatch viewing position P1 with weather protection and good visibility with a complete all-round view. In this embodiment, the dome roof 9.2 is also transparent to allow crew member B a view upwards. This viewing dome 9 can also be designed to be movable along the azimuth axis A or, alternatively, to be fixed.

[0075] To enable the vehicle crew to observe or reconnoiter the vehicle's surroundings even when the viewing hatch 4 is closed, a viewing device 10 can be mounted on the turret 3. Such a viewing device 10, for example a camera-based one, can be remotely controllable from within the hull 2. A viewing device 10 that is rotatable about a vertical axis, particularly rotatable through 360°, is especially advantageous. Furthermore, it can be advantageous for observing the vehicle's surroundings if the viewing device 10 can also be pivoted transversely to its axis of rotation, so that the field of view can be changed not only horizontally but also vertically. The viewing device 10 has drives 10.1 for implementing these movements.

[0076] Such a sighting device 10 can, for example, be arranged in the rear area of ​​the tower 3 on its upper side, cf. Fig. 1-2 or 9-10. This arrangement has the advantage that the field of view of crew member B, positioned in the over-hatch viewing position P1, is only slightly restricted, since the vision device 10 is usually located behind crew member B. If the observation seat 7 is rotatably coupled to the turret 3, any restriction of the field of view can usually be completely prevented. In the over-hatch viewing position P1, the vision device 10 can serve for supporting or supplementary observation or reconnaissance of the vehicle's surroundings. For example, another crew member B, positioned in the hull 2, can observe a different field of view with the vision device 10 than the crew member B who is in the over-hatch viewing position P1.

[0077] A particularly advantageous arrangement of the viewing device 10 can be provided by the viewing dome 9. As shown in Fig. 4-8 shows the sighting device 10 mounted on the cupola roof 9.2. The cupola roof 9.2 can thus serve as an optronics platform. In this configuration, the sighting device 10 is located on the azimuth axis A, which can be advantageous for aiming the weapon 12. In particular, when both the over-hatch viewing position P1 and the sighting device 10 are used, it is advantageous for both viewing options to be arranged on the same vertical axis, as this eliminates any deviations in the lines of sight. Furthermore, due to its placement on the cupola roof 9.2, the sighting device 10 is positioned even higher in the viewing position S1 of the viewing cupola 9 compared to the top of the turret 3, which can offer advantages for reconnaissance of the vehicle's surroundings. In the safe position S2 of the viewing cupola 9, the sighting device 10 is at the same level as the top of the turret. The drive 10.The viewing device 10 can be housed in a drive housing 9.4 integrated into the viewing dome 9. Advantageously, the drive housing 9.4, and thus the drive 10.1, is located in the safety position S2 within the protected dome 5, which can improve the reliability of the drive 10.1 even under military threats.

[0078] In addition to the vision device 10, the turret can also be equipped with sensors 11, which can enable improved reconnaissance or observation of the vehicle's surroundings. These sensors 11 could, for example, be devices that allow observation even under conditions of limited visibility, such as darkness or fog, like infrared or thermal imaging cameras.

[0079] The turret 3 can be remotely controlled from the hull 2. In particular, the azimuth movements of the turret 3, especially for aiming the weapon 12 mounted on the turret 3, can be remotely controlled. Furthermore, the elevation movement of the weapon 12 can also be remotely controlled. In addition to the weapon 12, which can be a medium- or large-caliber gun, one or more secondary weapons 13 can also be provided. These secondary weapons 13 can differ from the weapon 12 in caliber and / or elevation rate. Such secondary weapons 13 can increase the flexibility and combat power of the vehicle 1. Furthermore, the turret 3 can have a protection system 14, which can increase the protection of the vehicle 1. This could, for example, be an active protection system 14 that can provide protection against incoming missiles.

[0080] As can be seen from the representation in Fig. 3 and Fig. As can be seen in Figure 6, an activatable air seal 16 may be provided in the area of ​​the dome 5. The air seal 16 may be activated when the tower 3 is not to be rotated. When the tower 3 is rotated, the air seal 16 may be deactivated. The air seal 16 may be coupled to the viewing dome 9 and / or the observation seat 7, in particular to the height adjustment of the viewing dome 9 and / or the observation seat 7.

[0081] The vehicle 1 described above is characterized by the fact that it allows a crew member B, accommodated in the hull 2, a good view from an elevated position while requiring little protection. Reference symbol: 1 vehicle 2 bathtubs 3 Tower 4 Viewing hatch 4.1 Hatch opening 5 Dom 5.1 Dome cylinder 5.2 Dome cylinder 5.3 Cathedral cone 6 swivel bearings 7 Observation seat 7.1 Seat backrest 8 Locking element 9 Viewing dome 9.1 Dome mantle 9.2 Dome roof 9.3 Support 9.4 Drive housing 9.5 Lifting device 10 viewing device 10.1 Drive 11 Sensor 12 Weapon 12.1 Weapon tube 13 Secondary Weapon 14 Protection system 15 Luke 16 Airtightness 17 Lifting frame A azimuth axis B Crew member K1 Comfort position K2 compact position P1 Outlook position P2 protective position S1 Outlook S2 safety position α Angle of inclination

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