Photovoltaic Module

Abstract

Photovoltaic module (10) comprising: a transparent conductive layer (130) on a substrate (120); a first submodule (100 A) comprising a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (110); a second submodule (100 B) comprising a second plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (110), wherein the first and second submodule (110 A, 110 B) are connected in parallel and are in contact with the transparent conductive layer (130) via a common cell (190); a first strip of tape (210) having a length distributed along a contact area of ​​the first and second submodule (110 A, 110 B), wherein the first strip of tape (210) has a front surface and a back surface, each surface containing an adhesive; a first conductive foil (220) distributed along the length of the first strip of tape (210); a second strip of tape (300) having a length shorter than that of the first strip of tape (210), and which is distributed along the length and between the ends of the first strip of tape (210), wherein the second strip of tape (300) has a front and a back surface, each containing an adhesive; a second conductive foil (400), with a length that is shorter than that of the second tape strip (300), which is distributed along the length of the second tape strip (300), and a plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510), comprising three busbars (500, 510) arranged adjacent and perpendicular to the first and second ribbon strips (210, 300), each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) being in contact with the first or second conductor foil (220, 400).

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

[0001] The present invention relates to photovoltaic modules and methods for their manufacture. BACKGROUND

[0002] Photovoltaic modules are typically used in systems consisting of interconnected submodules. Each submodule comprises individual solar cells, typically connected in series. Thin-film photovoltaic modules are formed by depositing multiple semiconductor or organic thin films onto rigid or flexible substrates or superstrates. Electrical contact with the solar cell material on the substrate side is established by an electrically conductive substrate material or an additional electrically conductive layer between the solar cell material and the substrate, such as a transparent conductive layer.

[0003] From DE 10 2006 057 454 A1 a photovoltaic module is disclosed, comprising a transparent conductive layer on a substrate, a first submodule comprising a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, a second submodule comprising a second plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, wherein the first and second submodules are connected in parallel and are in contact with the transparent conductive layer via a common cell, a first ribbon strip with a length distributed along a contact area of ​​the first and second submodule, wherein the first ribbon strip has a front surface and a rear surface, each surface containing an adhesive, a first conductor distributed along the length of the first ribbon strip, a second conductor distributed along the length of the first ribbon strip, and a plurality of parallel busbars.which are arranged adjacent to and perpendicular to the first and second ribbon strips, with each busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars being in contact with the first or second conductor foil. Further photovoltaic modules and methods for their manufacture are described in US 5,593,901 A, US 5,457,057 A, US 5,679,176 A, JP 2005-353,767 A and US 2002 / 0016016 A1.

[0004] The invention is based on the objective of providing an alternative photovoltaic module.

[0005] The problem is solved by providing a photovoltaic module with the features of claim 1 and a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module with the steps of claim 30. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of two photovoltaic submodules connected in parallel. Fig. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module comprising a double-sided tape and a conductive foil. Fig. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module comprising a double-sided tape and a conductive foil. Fig. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module comprising a double-sided tape and a conductive foil. Fig. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module with a busbar arrangement. Fig. Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module with a busbar arrangement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0006] A photovoltaic module can comprise: a transparent conductive layer on a substrate; a first submodule with a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells; a second submodule with a second plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, wherein the first and second submodules are connected in parallel and are in contact with the transparent conductive layer via a common cell; a first ribbon strip of a length distributed along a contact area of ​​the first and second submodules, wherein the first ribbon strip has a front surface and a back surface, each surface containing an adhesive; a first conductive film distributed along the length of the first ribbon strip;a second ribbon strip with a length shorter than that of the first ribbon strip, distributed along the length and between the ends of the first ribbon strip, the second ribbon strip having a front and a back surface, each containing an adhesive; a second conductive foil with a length shorter than that of the second ribbon strip, distributed along the length of the second ribbon strip; and a plurality of parallel busbars arranged adjacent to and perpendicular to the first and second ribbon strips, each busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars being in contact with the first or second conductive foil.

[0007] The photovoltaic module can have various optional features. For example, the photovoltaic module can have between approximately 140 and approximately 180 cells. The photovoltaic module can have approximately 144, approximately 156, or approximately 176 photovoltaic cells. Each busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars can be arranged at approximately the same distance from at least one other busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars. The plurality of parallel busbars can have three busbars. The plurality of parallel busbars can have two positively charged busbars and one negatively charged busbar arranged between the two positively charged busbars. The negatively charged busbar can be in physical contact with the second conductor film, and the positively charged busbars can be in physical contact with separate sections of the first conductor film.Each busbar in the plurality of parallel busbars can contain copper. Each busbar in the plurality of parallel busbars can have a width greater than approximately 10 mm. Each busbar in the plurality of parallel busbars can have a width less than approximately 13 mm.

[0008] The common cell can be located midway between the first and second submodules. The second ribbon strip can be located directly on the common cell. Each cell of the first and second multitude of photovoltaic cells can have cadmium telluride on cadmium sulfide. Each busbar of the multitude of parallel busbars can have copper. The first or second ribbon strip can have a thickness of approximately 0.0005 to approximately 0.0100 inches. The first or second ribbon strip can have a thickness of approximately 0.0010 to approximately 0.0045 inches. The first or second ribbon strip can have a thickness of approximately 0.0012 to approximately 0.0020 inches, for example, approximately 0.0015 inches. The contact area can have a depression pattern that defines each cell of the first and second multitude of photovoltaic cells. The depression pattern can extend substantially through one layer.The indentation pattern can extend substantially through two layers. The indentation pattern can extend substantially through three layers. At least one cell of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells can have a width of approximately 6 to approximately 10 mm. At least one cell of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells can have a width of approximately 7 to approximately 8 mm. At least one cell of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells can have a width of approximately 7.1 mm to approximately 7.5 mm, for example, approximately 7.24 mm. The common cell can have a width of approximately 10 mm to approximately 20 mm, for example, approximately 15 mm. The first conductor strip can have a loop extending away from a top surface of the photovoltaic module in a substantially orthogonal direction. The loop can have a crest located approximately 20 mm to approximately 25 mm above the first strip.The loop can have a peak located more than approximately 20 mm above the first webbing strip. The loop can have a peak located less than approximately 20 mm above the first webbing strip.

[0009] A method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module may comprise the following steps: applying a first ribbon strip of a length along a contact area of ​​a first and second submodule connected in parallel by a common cell, wherein the first submodule has a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells, and the second submodule has a second plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells; applying a first conductor foil along the length of the first ribbon strip; applying a second ribbon strip along the length and between the ends of the first ribbon strip, wherein the second ribbon strip has a length that is shorter than that of the first ribbon strip; applying a second conductor foil of a length that is shorter than that of the second ribbon strip along the length of the second ribbon strip;and applying a plurality of parallel busbars adjacent to and perpendicular to the first and second ribbon strips, each busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars being in contact with the first or second conductor foil.

[0010] The process can include various optional features. For example, applying the first ribbon strip can involve placing a ribbon strip on one or more contact metals, with each cell of the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells having a contact metal. Applying a plurality of parallel busbars can involve placing at least one busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars approximately equidistant from at least one other busbar of the plurality of parallel busbars. The process can involve forming a depression pattern in a contact area, with the first and second submodules having a contact area, and the depression pattern defining each photovoltaic cell in the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells. Forming the depression pattern can involve laser ablation, laser structuring, wet chemical etching, or dry etching.The method can include forming a loop and extending the loop in a substantially orthogonal direction away from an upper surface of the photovoltaic module, with the first conductor foil having the loop.

[0011] A photovoltaic module can have a transparent conductive oxide layer adjacent to a substrate and layers of a semiconductor material. The semiconductor layers can form a bilayer, consisting of an n-type window layer and a p-type absorption layer. The n-type window layer and the p-type absorption layer can be in contact with each other to generate an electric field. Upon contact with the n-type window layer, photons can release electron-hole pairs, with the electrons being directed to the n-side and the holes to the p-side. The electrons can flow back to the p-side via an external current path. This electron flow creates a current which, together with the voltage resulting from the electric field, generates power. The result is the conversion of photon energy into electrical power.To maintain and improve the performance of the device, a variety of layers can be arranged over the substrate in addition to the semiconductor window and semiconductor absorption layers.

[0012] Photovoltaic modules can be formed on optically transparent substrates such as glass. Since glass is non-conductive, a layer of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) is typically deposited between the substrate and the semiconductor bilayer. Cadmium stannate is well-suited for this purpose due to its good optical transmission and low surface resistance. A smooth buffer layer can be deposited between the TCO layer and the semiconductor window layer to reduce the likelihood of irregularities during the formation of the window layer. Additionally, a barrier layer can be incorporated between the substrate and the TCO layer to reduce the diffusion of sodium or other impurities from the substrate into the semiconductor layers, which could lead to degradation and separation of the layers.The barrier layer can be transparent and thermally stable, exhibiting a reduced number of pitted defects, excellent sodium-blocking capabilities, and good adhesion properties. The TCO can therefore be part of a three-layer stack, which may include, for example, a silicon dioxide barrier layer, a cadmium stannate TCO layer, and a buffer layer (e.g., a tin(IV) oxide). The buffer layer can comprise various suitable materials, including tin oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc oxide, and zinc magnesium oxide. A photovoltaic module may include a cadmium sulfide window layer deposited over a TCO stack and a cadmium telluride absorption layer deposited over the cadmium sulfide layer. Cadmium telluride photovoltaic modules offer several advantages compared to other photovoltaic technologies.These include superior light absorption properties under cloudy and diffuse light conditions, as well as simple manufacturing.

[0013] A photovoltaic system can consist of multiple modules. A module can have two or more submodules connected in parallel. A submodule can have a large number of individual cells connected in series. Photovoltaic modules can be used in systems consisting of several interconnected modules.

[0014] With reference to Fig. 1. A photovoltaic system can, for example, comprise a photovoltaic module 10, which can be formed by connecting a first submodule 100A and a second submodule 100B. Each submodule can have a plurality of photovoltaic cells 110 connected in series. The photovoltaic module 10 can have a transparent conductive layer 130 on a substrate 120. The transparent conductive layer 130 can have any suitable material, including a transparent conductive oxide. For example, the transparent conductive layer 130 can have cadmium stannate. The substrate 120 can have any suitable substrate material. For example, the substrate 120 can have glass. The photovoltaic module 10 can have one or more semiconductor layers 140 deposited on the transparent conductive layer 130. The semiconductor layer 140 can have cadmium telluride on cadmium sulfide.A contact metal 180 can be deposited on the semiconductor layer 140. The substrate 120, the transparent conductive layer 130, the semiconductor layer 140, and the contact metal 180 can all be parts of the first submodule 100A and the second submodule 100B. The submodules 100A and 100B can be structured to form one or more depressions. For example, a depression 150 can be formed in the contact metal 180 to delimit the photovoltaic cells 110. The depression 160 can be formed to create a gap into which the contact metal 180 can flow to establish electrical contact with the transparent conductive layer 130. The depression 170 can be formed and an insulator deposited in it. The insulator can be any suitable material, including, but not limited to, a dielectric material, atmosphere, or a vacuum.The insulator can be positioned at a constant level between series-connected photovoltaic cells. The insulator can penetrate the semiconductor material, the transparent conductive layer, or both. The insulator can have a length that spans the combined length of a semiconductor material layer and a transparent conductive layer. Submodules 100A and 100B can thus each have three different indentation patterns for each photovoltaic cell 110. The indentation patterns can be formed using any suitable method, including, for example, laser ablation, laser structuring, wet chemical etching, or dry etching.

[0015] The photovoltaic module 10 can have a common cell 190 located in the middle between the first and second submodules 100A and 100B. The common cell 190 can be flanked by two electrical contacts 160 between the transparent conductive layer 130 and the contact metal 180. The common cell 190 can connect the submodules 100A and 100B in parallel. Thus, the total current output of the photovoltaic module 10 can be the sum of the currents of each submodule.

[0016] The parallel connection of submodules 100A and 100B, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, this can be achieved by bringing both submodules into contact with the transparent conductive layer 130 on the substrate 120. The first submodule 100A and the second submodule 100B can be connected in parallel via the common cell 190 and brought into contact with the transparent conductive layer 130. The first submodule 100A can have an electrical contact area having a first indentation pattern, wherein the first indentation pattern is a pattern of photovoltaic cells connected in series, and the last cell in the series is the common cell. The second submodule 100B can have an electrical contact area having a second indentation pattern, wherein the second indentation pattern is a mirror image of the first indentation pattern, the mirror image being symmetrical around the common cell.This configuration can be applied to any number N of submodules (where N is a natural number greater than 1). The module's output voltage decreases proportionally to N. This allows the output voltage of the modules to be controlled in order to optimally meet the system requirements of a solar power plant.

[0017] Photovoltaic module 10 can have any suitable number of photovoltaic cells. For example, photovoltaic module 10 can have approximately 144, 154, or 176 cells. A lower number of cells, for example, 144 cells, can result in a lower open-circuit voltage, which is better suited for operation in cold climates. The number of cells can also be modified to reduce ohmic losses, resulting in a higher fill factor. The cells of photovoltaic module 10 can have any suitable width. For example, one or more of the cells can have a width between approximately 7 and 8 mm, for example, approximately 7.1 mm to approximately 7.5 mm, or approximately 7.24 mm. The common cell 190 can have a larger width, for example, approximately 10 mm to approximately 20 mm, or approximately 15 mm.

[0018] With reference to Fig. 2 A busbar assembly can be mounted on the contact metal side of the photovoltaic module 10. A first double-sided tape strip 210 can be applied to the metal surface 200, and a first conductive foil 220 can be applied to it. The first tape strip 210 can have an adhesive on its front and back sides. The first tape strip 210 can have any suitable thickness. For example, the first tape strip 210 can have a thickness in the range of about 0.0005 to about 0.0100 inches, or about 0.0010 to about 0.0045 inches. The first tape strip 210 can have a thickness greater than about 0.0005 inches, or less than about 0.0100 inches. For example, the first tape strip 210 can have a thickness of about 0.0012 inches to about 0.0020 inches, for example, about 0.0015 inches. A smaller strip thickness can minimize the stress on the module caused by the strip arrangement.

[0019] With reference to Fig. 3. A second strip 300 of double-sided tape can be applied along the first tape strip 210. The second tape strip 300 can have a length that is significantly shorter than that of the first tape strip 210. For example, the second tape strip 300 can have a length approximately half that of the first tape strip 210. The second tape strip 300 can also have substantially the same length as the first tape strip 210. The second tape strip 300 can cover a section of the first conductive foil 220. If the second tape strip 300 covers a section of the first conductive foil 220, the second tape strip 300 can act as a barrier against corrosion to prevent or reduce corrosion of the first conductive foil 220. The second tape strip 300 can be arranged such that one end of the second tape strip 300 is located approximately one cell behind the center of the first tape strip 210.

[0020] With reference to Fig. 4. A second conductive foil 400 can be placed on the second tape strip 300. The second conductive foil 400 can have a length substantially similar to that of the second tape strip 300, or it can be substantially or slightly shorter. One end of the second tape strip 300 and the second conductive foil 400 can be positioned substantially close to the common cell 190 of Fig. 1. The opposite end of the second conductor foil 400 can be configured as a conductor end suitable for making an electrical connection. For example, as shown in Fig. As shown in Figure 6, the conductor end 610 of the second conductor foil 400 is oriented in a manner (for example, essentially orthogonally away from the body of the photovoltaic module 10) that is suitable for making an electrical connection, for example with an electrical conductor such as an electrical cable, with a cable clamp adjacent to the module 10. With reference to Fig. 5 A plurality of busbars can be applied to the first and second conductive sheets. The plurality of busbars can comprise three busbars arranged parallel to each other, and can include one negative busbar 500 and two positive busbars 510. The negative busbar 500 can be arranged on the second conductive sheet 400, and the positive busbars 510 can be arranged on the first conductive sheet 220. The positive busbars 510 can be arranged at substantially equal distances from the negative busbar 500. Each positive busbar 510 can be arranged substantially near one end of the first ribbon strip 210. For example, each positive busbar 510 can be arranged at one end of the first ribbon strip 210, approximately 13 mm from the edge of the substrate 120.Each of the positive busbars 510 and the negative busbar 500 can have any suitable width, for example, about 11 mm. With reference to . Fig.6. A section of the first conductor foil 220 can be coiled to form a loop 600. The loop 600 can be of any suitable length, including, for example, above about 20 mm, below about 25 mm, or between about 20 and about 25 mm. The loop 600 can extend away from an upper surface of the photovoltaic module in a substantially orthogonal direction. The loop 600 can be cut or severed to form two conductor ends, which can be configured in any manner suitable for making an electrical connection. For example, each conductor end can be electrically connected, for example, to an electrical conductor, such as an electrical cable or wire, by means of a cable clamp. The conductor end 610 of the second conductor foil 400 can be of any suitable length, including a length substantially similar to the length of the loop 600.For example, the end of the 610 cable can extend over a length of more than about 20 mm, less than about 25 mm, or between about 20 and about 25 mm.

[0021] Photovoltaic devices or modules manufactured using the methods and equipment discussed herein can be incorporated into one or more photovoltaic installations. These installations can be incorporated into various electricity generation systems. For example, a photovoltaic module can be illuminated with a beam of light to generate a photoelectric current. This photoelectric current can be collected, converted from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), and fed into a power grid. Light of any suitable wavelength can be directed onto the module to generate the photoelectric current, including, for example, wavelengths greater than 400 nm or less than 700 nm (e.g., ultraviolet light). Photoelectric current generated by one photovoltaic module can be combined with photoelectric current generated by other photovoltaic modules.For example, the photovoltaic modules can be part of a photovoltaic system, whose total electricity is made usable and distributed.

Claims

[1] Photovoltaic module (10) comprising: a transparent conductive layer (130) on a substrate (120); a first submodule (100 A) comprising a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (110); a second submodule (100 B) comprising a second plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (110), wherein the first and second submodule (110 A, 110 B) are connected in parallel and are in contact with the transparent conductive layer (130) via a common cell (190); a first strip of tape (210) having a length distributed along a contact area of ​​the first and second submodule (110 A, 110 B), wherein the first strip of tape (210) has a front surface and a back surface, each surface containing an adhesive; a first conductive foil (220) distributed along the length of the first strip of tape (210); a second strip of tape (300) having a length shorter than that of the first strip of tape (210), and which is distributed along the length and between the ends of the first strip of tape (210), wherein the second strip of tape (300) has a front and a back surface, each containing an adhesive; a second conductive foil (400), with a length that is shorter than that of the second tape strip (300), which is distributed along the length of the second tape strip (300), and a plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510), comprising three busbars (500, 510) arranged adjacent and perpendicular to the first and second ribbon strips (210, 300), each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) being in contact with the first or second conductor foil (220, 400). [2] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the module (10) has between 140 and 180 cells (110). [3] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 2, wherein the module (10) has 144 photovoltaic cells (110). [4] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 2, wherein the module (10) has 156 photovoltaic cells (110). [5] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 2, wherein the module (10) has 176 photovoltaic cells (110). [6] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) is arranged at approximately the same distance to at least one further busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510). [7] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) comprises two positively charged busbars (510) and a negatively charged busbar (500) arranged between the two positively charged busbars (510). [8] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 7, wherein the negatively charged busbar (500) is in physical contact with the second conductor foil (400), and the positively charged busbars (510) are in physical contact with separate sections of the first conductor foil (220). [9] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein each busbar (500,510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500,510) comprises copper. [10] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) has a width of more than 10 mm. [11] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) has a width of less than 13 mm. [12] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the common cell (190) is arranged in a middle between the first and second submodule (100 A, 100 B). [13] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the second strip (300) is arranged directly on the common cell (190). [14] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein each cell (110) of the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) comprises cadmium telluride on cadmium sulfide. [15] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first or second strip (210,300) has a thickness of 0.0127 mm to 0.254 mm. [16] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 15, wherein the first or second strip (210,300) has a thickness of 0.0254 mm to 0.1143 mm. [17] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 16, wherein the first or second strip (210,300) has a thickness of 0.03048 mm to 0.0508 mm. [18] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the contact area has a recess pattern which defines each cell (110) of the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110). [19] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 18, wherein the indentation pattern extends through a layer. [20] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 19, wherein the indentation pattern extends through two layers. [21] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 20, wherein the indentation pattern extends through three layers. [22] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein at least one cell (110) of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) has a width of 6 to 10 mm. [23] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 22, wherein at least one cell (110) of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) has a width of 7 to 8 mm. [24] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 23, wherein at least one cell (110) of the first or second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) has a width of 7.1 mm to 7.5 mm. [25] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the common cell (190) has a width of 10 mm to 20 mm. [26] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first conductor foil (220) has a loop (600) extending in an orthogonal direction away from an upper surface of the photovoltaic module (10). [27] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 26, wherein the loop (600) has a vertex located 20 mm to 25 mm above the first strip of tape (210). [28] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 26, wherein the loop (600) has a vertex located more than 20 mm above the first strip of tape (210). [29] Photovoltaic module (10) according to claim 26, wherein the loop (600) has a vertex located less than 25 mm above the first strip of tape (210). [30] Method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module (10) wherein the method comprises the following steps: Applying a first strip of tape (210) with a length along a contact area of ​​a first and second submodule (100 A, 100 B) connected in parallel by a common cell (190), wherein the first submodule (100 A) has a first plurality of series-connected photovoltaic cells (110), and the second submodule (100 B) has a second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) connected in series; Applying a first conductive foil (220) along the length of the first strip of tape (210); Applying a second strip of tape (300) along the length and between the ends of the first strip of tape (210), wherein the second strip of tape (300) has a length that is shorter than that of the first strip of tape (210); Applying a second conductive foil (400) with a length shorter than that of the second tape strip (300) along the length of the second tape strip (300); and Applying a plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510), comprising three busbars (500, 510) adjacent and perpendicular to the first and second tape strips (210, 300), wherein each busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) is in contact with the first or second conductor foil (220, 400). [31] Method according to claim 30, wherein the application of the first strip of tape (210) comprises arranging a strip of tape on one or more contact metals, wherein each cell (110) of the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110) has a contact metal. [32] Method according to claim 30, wherein the application of a plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) comprises arranging at least one busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510) at approximately the same distance to at least one further busbar (500, 510) of the plurality of parallel busbars (500, 510). [33] Method according to claim 30, further comprising forming a depression pattern in a contact area, wherein the first and second submodule (100 A, 100 B) have a contact area and wherein the depression pattern defines each photovoltaic cell (110) in the first and second plurality of photovoltaic cells (110). [34] Method according to claim 33, wherein forming the depression pattern comprises laser ablation. [35] Method according to claim 33, wherein forming the depression pattern comprises laser structuring. [36] Method according to claim 33, wherein forming the depression pattern comprises wet chemical etching or dry etching. [37] The method of claim 30, further comprising the following steps: Forming a loop (600); and Extending the loop (600) in an orthogonal direction away from an upper surface of the photovoltaic module (10), wherein the first conductor foil (220) has the loop (600).

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