RAIL ROTARY PRINTING MACHINE WITH ELECTRODE UNIT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a sheet-fed rotary printing press with an electrode unit according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] In sheetfed offset printing presses, sheets are coated with a coating material, such as printing ink, in a contact zone between a transfer cylinder and an impression cylinder. Other coating units are also known, such as flexographic coating units, where the sheets interact directly with a forming cylinder and an impression cylinder. These are used, for example, as printing units or coating units. Depending on the properties of the coating material and the sheets, the sheets may adhere to the transfer cylinder or the forming cylinder. While the movement of the sheet's leading edge is largely determined by the grippers of the impression cylinder, the sheet's trailing edge can stretch considerably and / or detach from the impression cylinder. As soon as the trailing edge of the sheet leaves the contact zone, an abrupt release movement of the sheet can occur.The trailing edge of the sheet can even temporarily overtake its intended position on the cylinder circumference. This can negatively affect further sheet transport. However, it is particularly problematic when an inspection system is installed, past which the sheets are transported on the counter-pressure cylinder for inspection. The stretching and abrupt change in sheet position make evaluation, especially in the rear section of the sheet, difficult or impossible.

[0003] Devices are known that use blown air and / or electrostatic charging to fix the sheets in the correct position on the counter-pressure cylinder.

[0004] US patent 3 346 253 A discloses a sheet-fed rotary printing press which has an electrode unit in the area after the contact zone between the transfer cylinder and the impression cylinder, wherein this electrode unit is adjustable in its position by means of adjusting screws and is preferably arranged about two inches (5.08 cm) away from the impression cylinder.

[0005] US Patent 3,342,129 A and US Patent 3,174,748 A each disclose a sheet-fed rotary printing machine which has an electrode unit in the area after the contact zone between the transfer cylinder and the impression cylinder to prevent smearing of printing ink.

[0006] DE 10 2008 001 165 A1 discloses a sheet-fed rotary printing press in which sheets are electrostatically charged before the contact zone between the transfer cylinder and the counter-pressure cylinder in order to facilitate inspection after this contact zone.

[0007] DE 10 2010 003 046 A1 discloses a sheet-fed rotary printing machine which has a blowing device in the area after the contact zone between the transfer cylinder and the counter-pressure cylinder to facilitate inspection after this contact zone.

[0008] EP 2 982 510 A1 discloses a sheet-fed rotary printing machine which has an inkjet module located in the area after the contact zone between the transfer cylinder and the impression cylinder and which has an electrostatic sheet guiding device within a housing of this module to facilitate inkjet printing and inspection within this module.

[0009] DE 100 33 839 A1 discloses a sheet-fed printing machine which can have a drying device at different locations, wherein an electrode is arranged to support the drying process, the distance of which to a counter-pressure cylinder can be changed in order to prevent a collision with a gripper system.

[0010] DE 100 41 934 A1 discloses a sheet-fed printing machine which has a drying device, wherein an electrode is arranged to support the drying process, the distance of which to a counter-pressure cylinder is a few millimeters.

[0011] WO 02 / 07977 A1 discloses a sheet-fed printing machine which uses a combination of blown air and electrostatic charging to fix sheets in a suitable position on a counter-pressure cylinder in front of a printing gap.

[0012] DE 10 2005 031 498 A1 and DE 12 86 051 B each disclose a sheet-fed rotary printing machine whose coating unit has a counter-pressure cylinder and a transfer cylinder forming a contact zone, as well as a charging device which has an electrode unit aligned with the counter-pressure cylinder, the charge core zone of which is arranged after the contact zone and before a transfer point.

[0013] WO 2020 / 074135 A1 discloses a sheet-fed rotary printing press whose coating unit has a transfer cylinder and a counter-pressure cylinder cooperating with it, wherein an electrode unit of a charging device is arranged aligned with a transport cylinder following the counter-pressure cylinder and wherein electrodes of the electrode unit have a minimum distance from this transport cylinder of at least 40 mm to avoid contact between the sheet and the transport cylinder.

[0014] The invention is based on the objective of creating a sheet-fed rotary printing press with an electrode unit.

[0015] The problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1.

[0016] According to the invention, a sheet-fed rotary printing press comprises at least one coating unit, which has at least one impression cylinder and at least one further cylinder forming a contact zone with the impression cylinder and designed as a transfer cylinder or coating cylinder, and wherein the coating unit has at least one charging device for electrostatically fixing sheets to the impression cylinder, which has at least one electrode unit aligned and / or alignable to a cylindrical surface of the impression cylinder, and wherein a charge core zone is a region of a cylindrical surface enclosing a cylinder core of the impression cylinder closest to the at least one electrode unit, and wherein the charge core zone is arranged downstream of the contact zone and upstream of a transfer point leading away from the impression cylinder when viewed in the direction of rotation of the impression cylinder.wherein at least one electrode of the at least one electrode unit has a minimum first distance from the counter-pressure cylinder of at least 4 mm and at most 13 mm, and wherein the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode unit has a minimum second distance from the further cylinder of at least 4 mm and at most 35 mm.

[0017] In a further development, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one electrode unit is movably arranged between at least two layers. For example, one of the at least two layers is a working layer and / or, in particular, the other of the at least two layers is a storage layer. This allows for a very close arrangement of the electrode unit for particularly good results, combined with the ability to be stored for particularly easy access. Preferably, the charging device thus has at least one electrode unit with at least one electrode, movably arranged between at least two layers and aligned and / or adjustable to a surface of the rotating transport body.

[0018] In a further development, at least one electrode, and preferably several and more preferably all electrodes of the at least one electrode unit, have a minimum first distance from the counter-pressure cylinder that is at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 7 mm, and even more preferably at least 9 mm and that is at most 12 mm, and more preferably at most 11 mm.

[0019] In a further development, at least one electrode, and preferably several or all electrodes of the at least one electrode unit, have a minimum second distance from the further cylinder of at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 7 mm, and even more preferably at least 9 mm, and which is at most 30 mm, more preferably at most 20 mm, more preferably at most 15 mm, and more preferably at most 12 mm. This offers the advantage that sheets can be electrostatically fixed to the counter-pressure cylinder to the greatest extent possible before their trailing edge leaves the contact zone. Even in the event of an abrupt release of the unfixed part of the sheet, potential problems are thereby minimized.The electrostatic forces that occur are used to lay the sheet flat against the counter-pressure cylinder and / or to generate a frictional force that prevents or significantly slows down any relaxation movement of the sheet. This allows, for example, a high-quality, full-surface inspection of the sheets.

[0020] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the coating unit is assigned at least one inspection system, which has a camera arranged, in particular with respect to its detection range, in an inspection zone assigned to the impression cylinder, and that the inspection zone is arranged, viewed in the direction of rotation of the impression cylinder, downstream of the contact zone and upstream of the transfer point leading away from the impression cylinder. This allows for inspection with particularly high precision. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that, particularly when the electrode unit is arranged in its operating position, the charge core zone is arranged, viewed in the direction of rotation of the impression cylinder, upstream of the inspection zone and, in particular, downstream of the contact zone.Preferably, viewed in the direction of rotation, no further device is arranged in the area after the contact zone and in front of the charge core zone, in particular no shielding device and / or no housing different from the electrode device.

[0021] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by an operating voltage of at least 2 kV, more preferably at least 3 kV, even more preferably at least 5 kV, and even more preferably at least 8 kV. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by an operating voltage of at most 20 kV, more preferably at most 15 kV, even more preferably at most 12 kV, and even more preferably at most 11 kV. This ensures optimal sheet fixation while simultaneously guaranteeing operational reliability and controlled sheet removal.

[0022] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one charging device is connected via circuitry to a higher-level machine control system of the sheet-fed rotary printing press, in particular such that the operating voltage intended for operation is only applied to the at least one electrode when the sheet feeder is activated. This increases the ergonomics and operational reliability of the sheet-fed rotary printing press. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the impression cylinder is grounded via at least one carbon brush.In an alternative or additional further development, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one charging device is connected to the higher-level machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that settings relating to this charging device can be made via an operating element of the sheet-fed rotary printing press, which is designed in particular as a machine control station or touch-sensitive display device.

[0023] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that at least one first holding element is arranged to hold the electrode unit in the working position. Preferably, a deflection force is understood to be a force exerted directly or indirectly by the at least one electrode unit on this at least one first holding element. The at least one first holding element only permits movement of the at least one electrode unit from the working position, and, for example, towards the standby position, caused by such a deflection force, if this deflection force exceeds a first threshold value. This increases the safety of the sheet-fed rotary printing press and prevents damage to the electrode assembly.In an alternative or additional further development, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one electrode is arranged further away from the rotating transport body when the electrode unit is in its standby position than when the electrode unit is in its working position.

[0024] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that at least a second holding element is arranged for holding the electrode unit in the standby position. This allows the standby position to also be used as a defined position. A return force is understood to be, in particular, a force that is exerted directly or indirectly by the at least one electrode unit on this at least one second holding element. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one second holding element only permits movement of the at least one electrode unit from the standby position, and in particular towards the operating position, caused by such a return force, if this return force exceeds a second threshold value.

[0025] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the inclusion of at least one positioning device, which has at least one actuator and by means of which the at least one electrode unit can be moved between the working position and the standby position. This facilitates maintenance and / or cleaning of the electrode unit. Such cleaning must be carried out regularly, for example, to ensure optimal use of the charging device.

[0026] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one positioning device, in particular by means of the at least one actuator, can be switched between a release state and a fixed state, and that in its release state the at least one positioning device allows movement of the at least one electrode unit from the working position, and that, further preferably, in its fixed state the at least one positioning device fixes the at least one electrode unit in the standby position. Then all positions of the electrode unit can be controlled selectively.

[0027] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one electrode unit has an effective side which, when the electrode unit is in the working position, faces the rotating transport body, and which, when the electrode unit is in the standby position, faces away from the rotating transport body. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one electrode unit is pivotably mounted and / or is designed to be movable between the working position and the standby position by means of a pivoting movement. This allows for particularly simple and effective movement of the electrode unit.

[0028] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized in that the at least one actuator of the at least one actuating device is designed as a pneumatic cylinder and / or as a hydraulic cylinder and / or as an electric drive and / or as a linear drive. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized in that the at least one actuator is articulated to the at least one electrode unit. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized in that the at least one actuator is articulated to a sliding block, which is movably arranged along a guide.

[0029] In an alternative or additional further development, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that, in order to hold the electrode unit in the working position, the sliding block can be held in a first holding position by means of the at least one first holding element and / or that, in order to hold the electrode unit in the parking position, the sliding block can be held in a second holding position by means of the at least one second holding element.

[0030] In an alternative or additional embodiment, the sheet-fed rotary printing press is preferably characterized by the fact that the at least one first holding element is designed as a mechanical locking element and / or has at least one spring element and / or that the at least one second holding element is designed as a mechanical locking element and / or has at least one spring element. This allows for a particularly cost-effective design.

[0031] An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below.

[0032] They show: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a sheet processing machine; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a sheet feeder and a sheet feeder; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a substructure module of a printing unit; Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a superstructure module of a printing unit; Fig. 5 a schematic representation of a coating unit; Fig. 6 a schematic representation of a perfecting unit; Fig. 7 a schematic representation of a sheet delivery unit; Fig. 8 a schematic representation of part of a coating unit with a charging device; Fig. 9 a schematic representation of a charging device according to Fig. 8 Fig. 10 a schematic representation of a cylinder with grounding device; Fig. 11 a schematic representation of a charging device with an electrode unit in its operating position; Fig. 12 a schematic representation of a charging device with an electrode unit in its standby position; Fig. 13 a schematic representation of an actuator in an operating configuration; Fig. 14 a schematic representation of an actuator in a backup configuration; Fig. 15 a schematic representation of an actuator in a maintenance configuration.

[0033] A sheet-fed processing machine, e.g., a sheet-fed processing machine, comprises a substrate feeder 01, for example, designated as a sheet feeder 01, a processing unit 03, for example, designated as a sheet feeder 03, and a substrate discharge unit 08, for example, designated as a sheet delivery unit 08. Between the substrate feeder 01 and the substrate discharge unit 08, one or more processing stages 05, 06, 07, also referred to as units, are arranged, for example, as a printing unit 05, 06, coating unit 07, drying unit, calendering unit, or foil transfer unit, or configured in another suitable manner. If the sheet-fed processing machine is configured as a printing press, in particular a sheet-fed printing press or sheet-fed rotary printing press, at least one of the units is formed by a printing unit 05, 06, in particular an offset printing unit 05, 06, to which one or more coating units 07 are preferably arranged.In the case of multiple printing units 05, 06, the arrangement of one or more coating units 07 between the printing units 05, 06 may also be provided.

[0034] Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "sheet-shaped substrate B," in particular a printing material B, is intended to encompass any substrate B that is planar and exists in sections, including substrates B that are in sheet or plate form, i.e., sheets or plates. The sheet-shaped substrate B defined in this way is preferably made of paper or cardboard, i.e., as a paper or cardboard sheet, but can also be formed by sheets B, plates, or possibly plates made of plastic, cardboard, or metal.

[0035] The following section describes individual components of a sheet-fed processing machine using a sheet-fed printing press as an example.

[0036] For example, in Fig. 2 A substrate feeder 01, designed as a sheet feeder 01, is shown with a conveyor section 02, for example as a belt table 02, and with a substrate container 09 formed, for example, by a stack of sheets 09, which is arranged on a receiving device 10, e.g., placed on a stacking plate 10. The stacking plate 10 is connected to transport means 11, which ensure that the top of the sheet stack 09 is held in a defined position.

[0037] The substrate feed device 01, preferably designed as a sheet feeder 01, preferably comprises sheet singulation elements 12 and sheet transport elements 13. The sheet singulation elements 12 are, for example, designed as separating suction cups 12, and the sheet transport elements 13 are, for example, designed as transport suction cups 13, and are preferably jointly encompassed by a separating device 14, e.g., in a so-called sheet separator 14. A drive for the sheet separator 14 is designed such that the separating suction cups 12 perform a predominantly vertical movement, and the transport suction cups 13 perform a predominantly horizontal movement in or against a sheet transport direction 15. In one embodiment, separate drives are provided for the separating suction cups 12 and the transport suction cups 13.Individual drives are understood here to be controllable drives that are assigned to one or a group of working elements (sheet singulation elements 12 and / or sheet transport elements 13) for their drive, in particular for their drive independently of the drive (preferably all) of other working elements or groups of working elements, in particular without being coupled to drives of other working elements, individually or also in one or more groups, via a mechanical and / or positive locking drive connection.

[0038] Sheets B of the sheet stack 09 are positioned against stop elements 16, in particular with their leading edge against stop surfaces of front stops 16. A sheet flap 17 can form an approximately vertical continuation of the stop surfaces of the front stops 16 in the upper region of the sheet stack 09. The sheet flap 17 is connected, for example, via a flap shaft 18 to which it is rotationally fixed, to a drive, preferably a single drive. The sheet flap 17 can thus be pivoted from the position forming a straight continuation of the stop surfaces and thus moved into a position that supports the guidance of the sheets B to the downstream conveyor table 02. Blowing devices, e.g., so-called blowers, are preferably located on the rear of the sheet stack 09.Blowers are positioned to loosen the sheets B located in the upper part of the sheet stack 09 and to form an air cushion that supports the sheets B during conveying in the sheet transport direction 15. Additional blowing devices or blowers and / or guide plates may also be provided laterally to the sheet stack 09 for this purpose.

[0039] To prevent the sheet-fed printing press from stopping during the so-called "change" of the sheet stack 09, i.e., when reloading the substrate feeder 01 with new substrate sheets B, in particular a new substrate container 09, the sheet feeder 01 is equipped with a non-stop device (not shown here). This non-stop device includes, in particular, an auxiliary stack carrier, arranged on a feed unit, which can be moved into the stacking area of ​​the printing press and is designed, in particular, as a rack, roller blind, or plate. The auxiliary stack carrier takes over the remaining stack resting on a transport base 76, in particular a pallet 76, and preferably lifts it continuously to ensure the smooth singulation and removal of the uppermost sheet B of the remaining stack. During this time, the new stack, arranged on another pallet 76, is moved in, and subsequently the remaining stack is combined with the new stack.

[0040] The conveyor table 02 downstream of the sheet stack 09 is designed as a suction conveyor table 02 in the exemplary embodiment. It preferably comprises two rollers 20; 21, for example a drive roller 20 and a deflection roller 21, between which a conveying surface 22; 23, e.g., one- or multi-part, can be provided, which is formed, for example, by a one- or multi-part table plate 22 or by a suction box 23 forming the table plate 22. The drive roller 20 and the deflection roller 21 are enclosed by at least one conveyor belt 24, which in the case of the suction conveyor table 02 is designed as a suction belt 24. The belt is tensioned, e.g., by means of a tension roller 77 and preferably driven within a working cycle by a belt drive acting, for example, on the drive roller 20, following a speed profile. Indexing rollers 25 correspond to the drive roller 20 and are controlled against the drive roller 20 within a working cycle.

[0041] The system 03, for example designated as sheet feeder 03, preferably comprises a feed table 26 to which a control device is assigned. The feed table 26 can be designed as a feed plate 26. During the operating cycle, stops 27, in particular front stops 27, referred to as front marks 27, are guided to the feed table 26 and thus into the path of the sheets B. The sheets B are positioned and aligned with their leading edge against these front marks 27. A sheet accelerator 04, in particular designed as a vibrating gripper 04, is arranged downstream of the front marks 27. This gripper feeds the sheets B, aligned with their leading edge and optionally with a side edge, to a transfer drum 29 designed as a feed drum 29. The transfer drum 29 transfers the sheets B coming from the conveyor 02 to a printing cylinder 34 of the subsequent printing unit 05.

[0042] In another embodiment, the position of sheet B on the feed table 26 is measured. Sheet B is then transferred to the vibrating gripper 04 during its movement. Preferably, during the movement of the vibrating gripper 04, sheet B is then moved into its correct position and aligned before being transferred to the feed drum 29.

[0043] Works 05 and 06, in particular printed works 05 and 06, each have, for example, a substructure 31 designed, for example, as a substructure module 31. Of the printed works 05 and 06, the following are in Fig. 3 Only the printing cylinders 34, 36, also referred to as counter-pressure cylinders 34, and the transfer cylinders 33, which transmit the printed image, are shown. These, together with the printing cylinders 34, 36, form printing zones 55, also referred to as printing points 55 or printing gaps 55. The transfer cylinders 33 are also referred to as rubber cylinders 33 or rubber blanket cylinders 33. The printing cylinders 34, 36 preferably have a continuous cylinder shell surface, except for at least one axially extending cylinder channel 56. A gripper system 57 for taking up and transferring sheets B is preferably arranged in the cylinder channel 56 in the gripper closure. Double-sized printing cylinders 33 therefore have two gripper systems 57, each arranged in a separate cylinder channel 56. Between the printing cylinders 34, 36, a transfer drum 35, designed as a transfer drum 35, is generally arranged with curved sheet support elements 58 arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation. B. so-called drum caps 58, arranged.Alternatively, the transfer drum 35 can also be designed without drum caps 58 as a so-called transferter 35. For transferring the sheets B from the upstream printing cylinder 34 to the downstream printing cylinder 36, the transfer drums 35 preferably have gripper systems 59. During sheet transport on the drum caps 58 of the transfer drum 35, the sheets B can be supported, in particular, by an air cushion guide 60 arranged under the transfer drum 35 and thus laid smoothly onto the drum caps 58. The transfer drums 35, transfer drums 35, or transferters 35 arranged between the printing cylinders 34 can be single-sized or multi-sized, but are preferably also double-sized. Single-sized cylinders can accommodate one sheet B, and double-sized cylinders can accommodate two sheets B circumferentially.

[0044] The works 05; 06, in particular printing units 05; 06, have, for example, in the area of ​​a so-called printing unit superstructure 30, a printing unit cylinder 32, in particular designed as a form cylinder 32, e.g. as a plate cylinder 32, and in an embodiment for the offset printing process, also a printing unit cylinder 32, in particular designed as a transfer cylinder 33, e.g. as a rubber cylinder 33. Furthermore, the respective printing unit 05, 06 has, for example, in the area of ​​a so-called printing unit substructure 31, a printing unit cylinder 34 designed as a printing cylinder 34 or impression cylinder 34 and a transfer drum 35, also referred to as a transfer drum 35.

[0045] The printing units 05, 06, as can be seen, for example, in the schematically depicted structure of the printing units 05, 06 in the figures, are preferably modular in design, in particular such that the upper printing unit structure 30 is formed by a first module 30, e.g., a so-called upper unit module 30, and the lower printing unit structure 31 by a second module 31, e.g., a so-called lower unit module 31. In the modular design, the upper unit module 30 comprises, for example, the printing cylinder 32 and, in an embodiment for the offset printing process, also the transfer cylinder 33. The lower unit module 31 comprises, in particular, the printing cylinder 34 and, for example, the transfer drum 35. In this context, "modular" or "module" can be understood as a unit which, with its main components or at least their connecting elements, is pre-assembled in a frame and can be inserted into the machine as a whole, if necessary.to be disassembled again, with the frame being designed as a frame that can be detached from the rest of the machine frame.

[0046] In the case of the modular design, the horizontal division between the upper module 30 and the lower module 31 preferably runs between the transfer cylinder 33 and the printing cylinder 34. The vertical dividing surface between the lower modules 31 or between the printing units 05, 06, viewed in the sheet transport direction 15, is predominantly located between the transfer drum 35 of the printing unit 05 and the printing cylinder 36 of the subsequent printing unit 06.

[0047] The transmission cylinder 33 mentioned above, e.g., designed as a rubber cylinder 33, can have at least one fastening device with a fastening means 38 for holding and / or tensioning a rubber sheet. For example, a channel 37, designated as a clamping and / or tensioning channel 37, in which the clamping and / or tensioning elements 38, in particular for tensioning a rubber sheet, are arranged, can be provided.

[0048] The transfer cylinder 33 is preceded, with respect to the direction of the effective ink flow, by the form cylinder 32, which is designed, for example, as a plate cylinder 32 and which also has, for example, at least one fastening device with a fastening element 40 for holding and / or clamping a printing form. The plate cylinder 32 can have a channel 39, also referred to as a clamping and / or clamping channel 39, in which, for example, at least one clamping and / or clamping device 40 for clamping a printing plate onto the outer surface of the plate cylinder 32 is located.

[0049] The printing unit 05, 06 can be assigned an automatic or semi-automatic plate changing device 41 in the area of ​​the printing unit superstructure 30 or superstructure module 30.

[0050] For inking the printing form, e.g., designed as a printing plate, at least one inking unit 42 is provided. The inking unit 42 can be designed as a short inking unit 42, as a lift inking unit 42, as a film inking unit 42, or in another suitable manner. In the case of the preferred design here as a lift inking unit 42, the inking unit 42 comprises at least one ink reservoir 43, which can be designed, for example, as a doctor blade or ink box 43, at least one ink intake roller 44 to be inked by the ink reservoir 43, designed, for example, as a ductor roller or, preferably, as an ink box roller 44, one or more further inking unit rollers 45, and preferably a lift roller 47, e.g., a so-called ink lifter 47, which oscillates between the ink intake roller 44 designed as an ink box roller 44 and a first inking unit roller 46. The inking unit rollers 45 differ, for example, in positively driven ink friction rollers 48 (in Fig. 4 (shown hatched) and in inking rollers 49, which are driven, for example, solely by friction from the inking rollers 48. In the exemplary embodiment, four inking rollers 50 are preferably provided to apply the ink prepared by the inking rollers 45 to the printing plate.

[0051] In the direction of rotation 53 of the plate cylinder 32 during operation, a dampening roller 52 is optionally arranged upstream of the inking rollers 50. This dampening roller is associated with a dampening unit 51, which is designed to apply dampening solution to the surface of the printing plate. A preferably switchable bridge roller 54 can be provided between an inking roller 50, the first in the direction of rotation 53 of the plate cylinder 32, and the dampening roller 52. This functionally enables a connection between the dampening unit 51 and the inking unit 42. In the case of the switchable design, this allows for several operating modes to optimize the dampening solution supply.

[0052] The sheet-fed printing press can include a perfecting unit 78 for turning the sheets B to be printed. The perfecting unit 78 is preferably arranged between the printing units 05, 06 of the machine, in particular between the printing cylinders 34. This perfecting unit 78 is preferably configured so that it can be switched from front-facing to back-facing mode, so that the machine operates either in front-facing mode or in front-and-back-facing mode. Back-facing mode means that a sheet B is turned over after being printed by a number of printing units 05, 06 in order to print its reverse side with the subsequent printing units 05, 06.

[0053] The turning is usually done according to the principle of the back-edge turn (see e.g. Fig. 6 The turning device 78 can be configured, for example, as a three-drum turning unit or as a single-drum turning unit. In the three-drum turning unit, three sheet guide cylinders 79, 80, 81 are arranged. In the sheet transport direction 15, for example, a single-sized or double-sized transfer drum 79, a preferably double-sized storage drum 80, and a preferably single-sized turning drum 81 are arranged. A single-sized cylinder can accommodate a sheet B of maximum format around its circumference. A single-sized cylinder thus has the same diameter as the forming cylinder 32, which is designed, for example, as a plate cylinder 32, while a double-sized cylinder has twice the diameter.

[0054] The turning drum 81 is equipped in particular with a turning gripper system 82, and the storage drum 80 is then equipped with at least one sheet holding system 83 per sheet-bearing surface. The sheet holding systems 83 are preferably designed as gripper systems 83 for the leading edge of the sheet. Preferably, fixing elements for the rear area of ​​a sheet B are also provided, which are preferably designed as suction cup systems 84. The suction cup systems 84 are preferably connected to adjustable rear shell segments and adjustable circumferentially relative to the gripper systems 83 on front shell segments, so that sheets B of the maximum to minimum format can be held in the front and rear areas of the storage drum 80 in the operating mode of perfecting and / or in the operating mode of perfecting. Sheet guide elements for guiding the sheets B can be arranged below the storage drum 80 and / or turning drum 81.Furthering the turning device 78, a guide squeegee is assigned to guide the sheet B between the storage drum 80 and the turning drum 81.

[0055] The last printing unit 06 is, for example, followed by a coating unit 07. As shown, for example, in the drawings, a cylinder designed as a printing cylinder 61 or counter-pressure cylinder 34 is arranged in the base 31, e.g., within a base module 31. The counter-pressure cylinder 61 is preferably identical in construction to the counter-pressure cylinders 34, 36 of the printing units 05, 06.

[0056] The area of ​​a coating unit superstructure 62 of the coating unit 07, designed, for example, as a superstructure module 62, differs from the printing unit superstructures 30 or superstructure modules 30 of the printing units 05, 06. Within this coating unit superstructure 62, a coating unit cylinder 63, designed, for example, as a coating cylinder 63, is arranged, on which a transfer element, designed, for example, as a coating blanket or coating plate, is attached, for example, by means of a fastening system 64, e.g., a clamping and / or tensioning system 64. For applying the coating to the coating blanket, designed, for example, in the manner of a rubber blanket, or to the coating plate, an application system 65, preferably designed here as a chambered doctor blade system 65, is used, comprising preferably an inking roller 66, in particular an anilox roller 66, having a cell structure on its outer surface, and a chambered doctor blade 67. The chamber doctor blade 67 contains two doctor blades that interact with the anilox roller 66.

[0057] A drying section is preferably provided downstream of the last printing unit 05, 06 or, if provided, after the coating unit 07. To form the drying section, one or more drying units 68 are arranged in the substrate path between the last unit 05, 06, 07 (designed as a printing or coating unit 05, 06, 07) and a product container 71 (e.g., formed by a delivery stack 71). Preferably, one or more drying units 68 are arranged above and / or below the sheet path in the sheet delivery 08. In a preferred embodiment, the path between the last coating or printing unit 05, 06, 07 and the sheet delivery 08 can be extended, in particular by interposing a drying unit, in order to gain space for the arrangement of further drying units 68. If required, intermediate drying can also take place in the machine by drying units 68 assigned to the cylinders.This intermediate drying can also be carried out by a drying unit located in the machine.

[0058] The sheet delivery unit 08 of a sheet-fed printing machine, in particular a sheet-fed offset rotary printing machine, includes a sheet conveying system downstream of a sheet guiding system, here a sheet guiding cylinder, specifically a printing cylinder 34, which is designed in particular as a chain conveying system 69. The sheet conveying system includes traction elements moved by drive and deflection means, which drive gripping devices for sheet conveying. The gripping devices have fixing elements for taking and fixing the sheets B. In particular, clamping and / or suction grippers can be used as fixing elements for gripping the sheet edges. In further developments not shown, additional gripping devices for the trailing edges of the sheets are provided.

[0059] The sheet conveyor system 69, designed here as a chain conveyor system, comprises chains 73, which are mounted over and driven by sprockets 72 and guided in laterally arranged guide rails (not shown). Gripper carriages 70 are arranged on these chains for transporting the sheets B. From the gripper carriages 70, the sheets B are conveyed in the sheet transport direction 15 to the delivery stack 71, which is stored, for example, on a pallet 76 or another type of transport surface. The gripper carriages 70 preferably include leading-edge clamping grippers with gripper fingers that interact with gripper supports. These gripper fingers are spaced apart from one another on a gripper shaft and are controllable by it.

[0060] For the safe transport of the sheets B held by the gripper carriages 70, a sheet guide and, for example, a dryer are provided in the sheet delivery unit 08. The sheet guide has sheet guide plates facing the gripper carriages 70, which are equipped with air nozzles and extend across the width of the machine. Air chambers are arranged beneath the sheet guide plates, supplying the air nozzles with compressed air, thus creating a cushion of air between the sheet guide plates and the sheets B transported by the gripper carriages 70. A coolant circuit can be integrated to regulate heating of the sheet guide plates in the area of ​​the dryer.To prevent the sheets B from sticking together on the delivery stack 71, a release agent application device, in particular a powder device, preferably combined with a device for extracting the powder, is preferably provided in the area of ​​the sheet delivery 08.

[0061] In front of the delivery stack 71, an unspecified braking device is arranged to decelerate the sheets B released by the gripper carriages 70. The braking device may include rotating suction rings and / or circulating suction belts or be designed as a secondary gripper system. The sheets B, decelerated by the braking device, rest against front stops and are thus aligned and deposited onto the delivery stack 71. The delivery stack 71 is preferably lowered by a stack lift drive by the thickness of each sheet deposited, so that the stack surface maintains an approximately constant level.

[0062] To prevent the sheet-fed printing press from stopping when changing the transport supports 76, e.g., pallets 76, the sheet delivery unit 08 can be equipped with a non-stop device (not shown). This device primarily comprises an auxiliary stacking support, for example, in the form of a rollable slatted table, also referred to as a roller blind. The roller blind has movably connected bars. In its rest position, it is coiled up in front of the delivery stack 71 and, for stack changes, is unrolled between two sheets B in the sheet transport direction 15 while the sheet-fed printing press is running, into a working position parallel to the surface of the delivery stack 71. In this position above the delivery stack 71, this slatted table temporarily receives the incoming sheets B, thus forming an auxiliary stack. The main stack can meanwhile be removed and replaced by a new transport support 76, in particular a pallet 76.At the end of the stack change process, the roller blind is retracted into its rest position and the auxiliary stack is placed on the new pallet 76.

[0063] The sheet-fed printing press has at least one drive motor (not shown) assigned to it.

[0064] In a first embodiment, this at least one drive motor is designed, for example, as a main motor and drives, for example, a closed train of wheels that forms a drive unit. The drive unit comprises, in particular, the printing cylinders 34, 36, the transfer drums 35, the transmission cylinders 33, the plate cylinders 32, and the inking units 42.

[0065] Individual functional units of the sheet-fed printing press, such as the substrate feeder 01, specifically the sheet feeder 01, the ink pickup roller 44, and / or any dampening units 51, can preferably be driven by separate drives, in particular individual drives, i.e., without a mechanical and / or positive drive connection to the drives of the other functional units and the drive assembly comprising the main motor. In a further embodiment of the first design, at least the plate cylinders 32 are separated from the drive assembly and driven by separate drives, in particular individual drives, assigned only to the respective plate cylinder 32.The plate cylinders 32 are moved rotationally without a mechanical and / or positive drive connection to the drives of the other plate cylinders 32, to the drive assembly comprising the main motor, and to drives of other functional units such as the substrate feed device 01, the ink rollers 44, and / or the dampening units 51. The individual drives of the plate cylinders 32 can be formed, in particular, by so-called direct drives. A direct drive is understood to be an individual drive in which the drive motor or its rotor, preferably without intermediate gear elements, is connected directly or, if necessary, via a coupling in a coaxial arrangement to the drive shaft, in particular the journal, of the plate cylinder 32. The drive motor is preferably designed such that the interposition of a gearbox can be dispensed with.The circumferential speed of the plate cylinders 32 is adjusted to the circumferential speed of the cylinders interacting with the plate cylinders 32. According to another embodiment, several of the units, preferably each of the units, have their own drive motor driving the drive system of the respective unit, but without being coupled to drives of other units via a mechanical and / or positive drive connection.

[0066] The sheets B are provided in the substrate container 09, which is configured, for example, as a sheet stack 09. The sheet separator 14 picks up the top sheet B of the sheet stack 09 and feeds it to further processing. This occurs, for example, as follows: The sheet singulation units 12 are guided against the top of the sheet stack 09, pick up the topmost sheet B, and lift it from the sheet B below by returning to their starting position. The blowers blow under the sheet B held by the sheet singulation units 12, thus separating it completely from the sheet B below. The sheet B, held by the sheet singulation units 12 and completely separated, is picked up by the sheet transport units 13 and released by the sheet singulation units 12.The sheet transport elements 13 convey the detected sheet B in the sheet transport direction 15. At the start of sheet transport, the sheet flap 17 can be pivoted downwards so that the sheet B can be transported with its leading edge towards the conveyor section 02, which is designed, for example, as a belt table 02. The indexing rollers 25 are initially lifted from the drive roller 20 and place themselves onto the respective sheet B when it is in the gap between the indexing rollers 25 and the drive roller 20. Subsequently, the respective sheet B is released by the sheet transport elements 13. The sheets B conveyed by the sheet transport elements 13 in the sheet transport direction 15 are positioned on the conveyor section 02, which is designed, for example, as a belt table 02, while maintaining a predetermined shingle spacing, and are then transferred from this or the conveyor section 02.These are guided against the front marks 27 in the working cycle of the sheet-fed printing machine and can subsequently be removed by the sheet accelerators 04, which are designed, for example, as swing grippers 04.

[0067] The grippers, e.g., of the swing gripper 04, transfer the sheet B to the grippers of the feed drum 29, through which the sheet B is transferred to the gripper system 57 of the printing cylinder 34 of the first printing unit 05.

[0068] The sheet B, now located on the printing cylinder 34, is inked by the inking unit 42 via the form cylinder 32 and, in the case of offset printing, via the transfer cylinder 33. This occurs, for example, as follows: The printing ink, stored in the ink reservoir 43 (e.g., in the ink box 43), is metered zone by zone onto the ink pickup roller 44 (e.g., ink box roller 44) and preferably deposited as ink stripes by the periodically moving ink lifter 47 onto the first inking unit roller 46 (e.g., ink rub roller 48). This roller transfers the ink via friction-driven inking unit rollers 49 to the ink rub rollers 48.The ink is transferred via further inking rollers 45 to the inking rollers 50 and thus reaches the printing form mounted on the form cylinder 32, whereby, viewed in the direction of rotation of the form cylinder 32, the application of dampening fluid by the dampening roller 52 can take place before the application of the ink by the inking rollers 50.

[0069] The ink placed on the printing form is transferred to the transfer cylinder 33 in accordance with the motif and from there to the sheet B guided by the printing cylinder 34.

[0070] Sheet B is now transferred from the first printing unit 05 to the following printing unit 06 and, if necessary, subsequent printing units 05, 06. This occurs, for example, as follows: Sheet B is transferred from the gripper system 57 of the printing cylinder 34 to the gripper system 59 of the transfer drum 35 and thus guided through the entire sheet-fed printing press. In the individual printing units 05, 06, the ink is then applied to sheet B via the respective transfer cylinders 33.

[0071] As sheet B travels through the sheet-fed printing press, if a perfecting unit 78 is present, it can also be turned over and printed on its reverse side. The operation of the sheet holding system described in the exemplary embodiment in the perfecting mode is, for example, as follows: The sheet B, printed in perfecting mode and lying on the storage drum 80, is guided by the sheet holding system 83 in the area of ​​the sheet's leading edge and additionally fixed in the area of ​​the sheet's trailing edge by a sheet holding system 84 designed as a suction gripper of the suction system 84. After the sheet's leading edge has passed the point of tangency between the storage drum 80 and the subsequent perfecting drum 81, it is released by the sheet holding system 83.As the trailing edge of the sheet passes the tangent point between storage drum 80 and reversing drum 81, it is taken over by the reversing gripper system 82 of the reversing drum 81 and released by the sheet holding system 84 of the storage drum 80, so that the trailing edge of the sheet then becomes the leading edge of the sheet.

[0072] After sheet B has passed through printing units 05 and 06, it can be coated with a layer of varnish by the varnish cylinder 63 in one or more coating units 07. The gripper system of the printing cylinder 61 then transfers sheet B to, for example, the chain conveyor system 69 of the sheet delivery unit 08.

[0073] The sheets B, gripped at their leading edge, are guided by the gripper carriages 70 after being taken from the printing cylinder 61 and passing through a deflection area, e.g., on an upward-pointing track. During this process, the sheets B are dried by the provided drying devices 68 and, for example, coated with powder. The sheets B are then transported by the gripper carriages 70 to the height of the delivery stack 71 and deposited there.

[0074] The sheet-fed printing press, in particular designed as a sheet-fed rotary printing press, preferably has at least one rotary transport body 34; 61 for transporting sheets B. A rotary transport body 34; 61 is understood to be, in particular, a rotatably arranged unit or assembly that serves to transport sheets B, especially around a rotational axis of the respective rotary transport body 34; 61. For example, an impression cylinder 34 of a printing unit 05; 06 and / or an impression cylinder 61 of a coating unit 07 represents such a rotary transport body 34; 61.

[0075] The sheetfed rotary printing press preferably has at least one coating unit 05; 06; 07, which is configured, for example, as a printing unit 05; 06 or as a coating unit 07. The at least one coating unit 05; 06; 07 has at least one impression cylinder 34; 61 and at least one further cylinder 33; 63 forming a contact zone 55 with the impression cylinder 34; 61. This contact zone 55 corresponds, for example, to the printing zone 55 in the case of a printing unit 05; 06. The at least one further cylinder 33; 63 forming the contact zone 55 with the impression cylinder 34; 61 is configured, for example, as a transfer cylinder 33 in the case of an offset printing unit 05; 06 or as a coating cylinder 63 in the case of a coating unit 07.

[0076] The sheet-fed rotary printing press preferably has at least one charging device 86 for electrostatically fixing sheets B to the rotary transport unit 34; 61. Preferably, the coating unit 05; 06; 07, which is designed in particular as a printing unit 05; 06 or coating unit 07, has the at least one charging device 86 for electrostatically fixing sheets B to the impression cylinder 34; 61, which has at least one electrode unit 88 aligned and / or alignable with a lateral surface 87 of the impression cylinder 34; 61. The electrode unit 88 preferably has at least one electrode 93, optionally several. While details are described below using a rotary transport unit 34; 61 designed as an impression cylinder 34; 61, these details are nevertheless transferable to general rotary transport units 34; 61, provided that no contradictions arise.In particular, the electrode unit 88 is generally aligned and / or alignable to a lateral surface 87 of a rotating transport body 34; 61 and is preferably movable between at least two layers.

[0077] A charge core zone 89 is preferably a region 89 of a cylindrical surface 92 enclosing a cylinder core 91 of the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61, closest to at least one electrode unit 88. The charge core zone 89 is preferably arranged downstream of the contact zone 55 and / or upstream of a transfer point 101 leading away from the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61 when viewed in the direction of rotation R of the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61. The electrode unit 88 can thus electrostatically charge the sheets B transported through the contact zone 55 as close as possible to the contact zone and fix them to the cylinder core 91 of the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61. The closer to the contact zone 55 this fixing begins, the shorter the section of the sheet B that is not yet electrostatically fixed when the end of the sheet B leaves the contact zone 55 and is therefore no longer held by both cylinders 33; 34; 61; 63.

[0078] Preferably, particularly when the electrode unit 88 is arranged in its operating position, at least one electrode 93 of the at least one electrode unit 88, for example several and in particular all electrodes 93 of the at least one electrode unit 88, has a minimum first distance 94 from the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61. The minimum first distance 94 is preferably at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably at least 7 mm and even more preferably at least 9 mm. In particular, regardless of this, the minimum first distance is preferably at most 13 mm, more preferably at most 12 mm and even more preferably at least 11 mm.Preferably, particularly when the electrode unit 88 is arranged in its operating position, at least one electrode 93 of the at least one electrode unit 88, for example several and in particular all electrodes 93 of the at least one electrode unit 88, has a minimum second distance 96 from the further cylinder 33; 63. The minimum second distance 96 is preferably at least 4 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably at least 7 mm and even more preferably at least 9 mm. In particular, regardless of this, the minimum second distance is preferably at most 35 mm, more preferably at most 30 mm, even more preferably at most 20 mm, even more preferably at most 15 mm and even more preferably at most 12 mm. An operationally applied and / or applicable operating voltage of the electrode unit 88 is preferably at least 2 kV, more preferably at least 3 kV, even more preferably at least 5 kV and even more preferably at least 8 kV.This operationally applied and / or applicable operating voltage of the electrode unit 88 is preferably at most 20 kV, more preferably at most 15 kV, even more preferably at most 12 kV and even more preferably at most 11 kV.

[0079] Preferably, the rotary transport body 34; 61, which is designed in particular as a counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61, is grounded via at least one grounding device 113 and in particular via at least one carbon brush 112. The grounding device 113 has, for example, a lever arm 116 pivotably mounted about a pivot axis 114, which is held by means of a spring element 117 in a position in which the at least one carbon brush 112 is in contact with at least one slip ring 118, which is rigidly arranged relative to the cylinder block 91.

[0080] Preferably, the coating unit 05; 06; 07, which is configured in particular as a printing unit 05; 06 or coating unit 07, is assigned at least one inspection system 97, which has a camera 99 arranged, in particular with respect to its detection range, in an inspection zone 98 assigned to the impression cylinder 34; 61. For example, a lighting device is additionally and / or integrated. This inspection zone 98 is preferably arranged after the contact zone 55 and / or before the transfer point 101 leading away from the impression cylinder 34; 61, viewed in the direction of rotation R of the impression cylinder 34; 61. The camera 99 is preferably configured as a high-resolution camera 99 and is preferably part of a system for detecting and / or controlling registers and / or color values ​​and / or printed image content. This camera 99 is arranged, for example, in the transport direction after a last printing unit 06 and / or after a last coating unit 07.Preferably, in particular when the electrode unit 88 is arranged in its working position, the charge core zone 89 is arranged in the direction of rotation R of the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61 seen in front of the inspection zone 98 and preferably after the contact zone 55.

[0081] The sheet-fed rotary printing press preferably has a higher-level machine control system. For example, drives that cause rotation of at least the impression cylinder 34; 61 and / or drives that cause rotation of at least one forming cylinder 32 and / or at least one coating cylinder 63 are connected to this machine control system. For example, this higher-level machine control system is connected to a control station of the sheet-fed rotary printing press. Preferably, the at least one charging device 86 is connected to the higher-level machine control system of the sheet-fed rotary printing press. For example, the at least one charging device 86 has a high-voltage generator that is connected to the at least one electrode unit 88 and / or the at least one electrode 93.For example, at least one charging device 86 is connected to the higher-level machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that the high-voltage generator is connected to the higher-level machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way.

[0082] For example, the at least one charging device 86 is connected such that the application of the operating voltage to the at least one electrode 93 begins at the earliest with the start of a sheet feed and / or ends at the latest with the end of the sheet feed. This means, in particular, that the at least one charging device 86 is connected to the higher-level machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that the operating voltage intended for operation is only applied to the at least one electrode 93 when the sheet feed is activated. Preferably, the at least one charging device 86 is connected to the higher-level machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that settings relating to this charging device 86 can be made via an operating element of the sheet-fed rotary printing press, which is designed, in particular, as a machine control station or touch-sensitive display device.

[0083] The at least one electrode unit 88 is preferably arranged to be movably positioned between at least two positions. One of the at least two positions is a working position. Preferably, the other of the at least two positions is a storage position. The working position is, in particular, a position that the electrode unit 88 assumes during printing and that serves to enable the electrode unit 88 to act on sheet B. The storage position is, in particular, a position that the electrode unit 88 assumes for maintenance or cleaning and / or to create more space between the electrode unit 88 and the rotary transport body 34; 61 or counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61. The storage position can serve, on the one hand, for maintenance and / or assembly and / or cleaning of the electrode unit 88 or parts thereof.The storage position preferably has the alternative or additional function of increasing the distance between the rotary transport body 34; 61, preferably designed as a counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61, on the one hand, and the at least one electrode unit 88 on the other, particularly compared to a situation in which the at least one electrode unit 88 is arranged in its working position. Preferably, the at least one electrode 93 of the at least one electrode unit 88 is arranged further away from the rotary transport body 34; 61 when the electrode unit 88 is arranged in its storage position than when the electrode unit 88 is arranged in its working position, for example, at least one and a half times as far, more preferably twice as far, and / or at least 5 mm further, more preferably at least 8 mm further.

[0084] Preferably, at least one first holding element 102 is arranged to hold the electrode unit 88 in the working position. A deflection force K is understood to be, in particular, a force K that is exerted directly or indirectly by the at least one electrode unit 88 on this at least one first holding element 102. Indirect exertion of such a force means, for example, that a mechanism may be interposed which can optionally influence forces and / or torques, in particular an actuating device 104. Preferably, this deflection force K is a force K whose direction has at least one component that is parallel to a direction pointing from the contact zone to the at least one electrode unit 88.Preferably, the at least one first retaining element 102 permits movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 from its working position caused by a deflection force K only if this deflection force exceeds a first threshold value. This first threshold value is preferably a fixed property of the at least one first retaining element 102. The at least one electrode unit 88 is thus preferably fixed in its working position during normal operation, but can deflect in the event of a disturbance caused by unwanted material transport. Such a case occurs, for example, when material thicker than the normal distance between the rotating transport body 34; 61 or the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61 on the one hand and the electrode unit 88 on the other is carried along with the rotating transport body 34; 61 and transported along its outer surface 87. With a rigid arrangement of the electrode unit 88, it could otherwise be damaged.This is particularly important to consider regarding the preferred spacing in the working position. Such material could, for example, be a severely deformed sheet B and / or an accumulation of several sheets B and / or dirt and / or waste material that had previously accumulated elsewhere and then detached.

[0085] Depending on the design of the at least one first retaining element 102, it can act in one direction or in two directions. For example, the at least one first retaining element 102 is designed as a magnetic retaining element 102. In this case, it only prevents unintentional movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 out of the working position and / or towards or into the storage position. Preferably, the at least one first retaining element 102 is designed as a mechanical locking element 102. For example, it then has at least one spring element that presses a stop body into a position that prevents movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 if the deflection forces K are too low. This also prevents unintentional movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 into the working position.

[0086] Preferably, at least one second holding element 103 is arranged, in particular for holding the electrode unit 88 in the standby position. A return force F is understood to be, in particular, a force F that is exerted directly or indirectly by the at least one electrode unit 88 on this at least one second holding element 103. Indirect exertion of such a force means, for example, that a mechanism may be interposed which can optionally influence forces and / or torques, in particular an actuating device 104. Preferably, this return force F is a force F whose direction has at least one component that is parallel to a direction pointing from the at least one electrode unit 88 to the contact zone.Preferably, the at least one second holding element 103 only allows movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 from the standby position caused by such a return force F if this return force exceeds a second threshold value. This second threshold value is preferably a fixed property of the at least one second holding element 103.

[0087] Depending on the design of the at least one second retaining element 103, it can act in one direction or in two directions. For example, the at least one second retaining element 103 is designed as a magnetic retaining element 103. In this case, it only prevents unintentional movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 from the storage position and / or towards the working position. Preferably, the at least one second retaining element 103 is designed as a mechanical detent element 103. For example, it then has at least one spring element that, for instance, presses a stop body into a position that prevents movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 if the return forces F are too low. This also prevents unintentional movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 into the storage position.

[0088] Preferably, at least one actuating device 104 is arranged, which has at least one actuator 106 and by means of which the at least one electrode unit 88 can be moved between the working position and the storage position, in particular in both directions. If the storage position is only to be used for maintenance and / or cleaning purposes, movement via the actuating device 104 alone would be sufficient. In particular, to allow the at least one electrode unit 88 to be deflected in the event of a malfunction, the at least one actuating device 104 is preferably switchable between a release state and a fixed state, in particular by means of the at least one actuator 106. In its release state, the at least one actuating device 104 allows movement of the at least one electrode unit 88 out of the working position and preferably also into the working position.In its fixed state, the at least one actuating device 104 fixes the at least one electrode unit 88, for example, in the parking position.

[0089] Preferably, the at least one electrode unit 88 is pivotably mounted, in particular about an electrode pivot axis E, and / or the at least one electrode unit 88 is designed to be movable between the working position and the storage position by means of a pivoting movement. The at least one electrode unit 88 preferably has an active side 107 which, when the electrode unit 88 is in the working position, faces the rotating transport body 34; 61, and which, when the electrode unit 88 is in the storage position, faces away from the rotating transport body 34; 61. For example, the at least one electrode 93 is enclosed in a housing 119 of the electrode unit 88 and is preferably accessible from the outside only from one direction. This direction then defines the active side 107. The at least one electrode 93 preferably has areas with particularly small radii of curvature on its surface, which are further preferably designed as needles 108.Preferably, these needles 108 are arranged on the effective side 107. In these areas, especially on needles 108, the electric field strength is particularly high, allowing for a particularly effective charging of the arcs B.

[0090] Preferably, the actuator 106 of the actuating device 104 is articulated to the at least one electrode unit 88. A corresponding first joint 121 is preferably arranged at a distance from the pivot axis 114 and further preferably closer to the working side 107 of the electrode unit 88 than the pivot axis 114. The at least one actuator 106 of the at least one actuating device 104 is preferably designed as a pneumatic cylinder 106 and / or as a hydraulic cylinder 106 and / or as an electric drive 106 and / or as a linear drive 106. The actuator 106 is preferably connected to a bearing element 111 via a second joint 122.The at least one actuator 106 is preferably arranged to be articulated with the at least one electrode unit 88 such that, at least when the electrode unit is arranged in the working position, a first joint angle 123 deviates from a right angle (90°) by at most 45°, more preferably at most 30° and even more preferably at most 20°, wherein this joint angle 123 is preferably the angle between two straight lines, one of which intersects both the electrode pivot axis E and a pivot axis of the first joint 121 and the other of which intersects both the pivot axis of the first joint 121 and the pivot axis of the second joint 122.

[0091] The bearing element 111 can be fixed in position. Preferably, however, the bearing element is designed to be movable. For example, the bearing element 111 is designed as a sliding block 111 that is movable in a guide 109. The at least one actuator 106 is therefore preferably arranged, in particular by pivoting, on a sliding block 111, which is movably arranged along a guide 109. Preferably, to hold the electrode unit 88 in the working position, the sliding block 111 is held in a first holding position by means of the at least one first holding element 102. Preferably, to hold the electrode unit 88 in the storage position, the sliding block 111 is held in a second holding position by means of the at least one second holding element 103.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the actuating device 104 is switchable between three provided configurations. A first of these configurations is an operating configuration. (This is also, for example, in Fig. 13 (shown.) A second of these configurations is a maintenance configuration. (This is also shown, for example, in Fig. 15 (shown.) A third of these configurations is a fallback configuration. (This is also shown, for example, in Fig. 14.)

[0093] The actuating device 104 is preferably arranged in the operating configuration, particularly during a planned printing operation of the sheet-fed rotary printing press. In this operating configuration, the at least one electrode unit 88 is arranged in its working position, the actuator 106 is preferably arranged in a retracted state, and the at least one sliding block 111 is preferably arranged in its first holding position by means of the at least one first holding element 102. Due to the inherently rigid actuator 106 and the action of the first holding element 102, the electrode unit 88 is held firmly in its working position under normal operating conditions.

[0094] For maintenance purposes, in particular, the actuator 106 can be extended. In doing so, the actuator 106 is supported against a stationary component, especially via the sliding block 111. This pivots the electrode unit 88 into the standby position. The working side 107 of the electrode unit 88 can then be accessed, particularly if a corresponding protective cover on the housing of the sheet-fed rotary printing press is opened. The actuator 104 is then in its maintenance configuration. Afterwards, the actuator 106 can be retracted. The first retaining element 102 is designed such that the forces occurring during operation cannot move the sliding block 111, and it remains in its position. Retracting the actuator 106 then causes the electrode unit 88 to pivot back into its working position. The actuator 104 is then back in its operating configuration.

[0095] The electrode unit 88 is positioned in its working position with a relatively small distance to the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61. If material of excessive thickness is dragged along with the counter-pressure cylinder 34; 61, this could damage the electrode unit 88 if it remained in place. The actuating device 104 is therefore designed to allow passive deflection of the electrode unit 88. As soon as a force is exerted on the electrode unit 88 such that a deflection force K of a corresponding magnitude acts, the electrode unit 88 pivots into the standby position. To do this, it pulls on the actuator 106, which transmits this pulling motion to the sliding block 111. Since the deflection force K exceeds the first threshold value, it overcomes the holding force of the first holding element 102. The sliding block 111 moves into the second holding position, while the electrode unit 88 moves into the standby position. The actuator 106 remains in its retracted state.Actuator 104 is now in its backup configuration.

[0096] To return the actuator 104 to its operating configuration and thus the electrode unit 88 to its working position, the actuator 106 is first extended. The end of the actuator 106 located on the electrode unit 88 cannot move any further, and the force exerted by the actuator 106 therefore moves the sliding block 111 along the guide 109 into the first holding position, overcoming the second holding device 103 and, if necessary, also the first holding device 120. The actuator 104 is then initially in its maintenance configuration and can be returned to its operating configuration from this position as described above.

[0097] Preferably, at least one position sensor 124 is arranged. This position sensor 124 serves in particular to check whether the electrode unit 88 is in its operating position or not. For example, the at least one position sensor 124 is designed as a proximity switch 124. Any type of proximity switch 124 is suitable, in particular inductive, capacitive, magnetic, and optical proximity switches, as well as light barriers and / or ultrasonic sensors. For example, a test specimen 126 is arranged, the detection of which by the position sensor 124 provides information about the position of the electrode unit 88. The test specimen 126 is preferably arranged so that it can be adjusted and is designed, for example, as a threaded pin 126. Preferably, the at least one position sensor 124 is connected to the higher-level machine control system via a circuit.If the position sensor 124 detects an evasive movement of the electrode unit 88 when the sheet feed is activated, the sheet-fed rotary printing press can be stopped via the machine control. Reference symbol list

[0098] 01 Substrate feeder, sheet feeder 02 Conveyor section, belt table, suction belt table 03 Feeder, sheet feeder 04 Sheet accelerator, vibrating gripper 05 Processing stage, coating unit, printing unit, first 06 Processing stage, coating unit, printing unit 07 Processing stage, coating unit, varnishing unit 08 Substrate discharge device, sheet delivery 09 Substrate container, sheet stack 10 Pick-up device, stacking plate 11 Transport device 12 Sheet singulation device, separating suction device 13 Sheet transport devices, transport suction devices 14 Separation device, sheet separator 15 Sheet transport direction 16 Stop elements, front stops 17 Sheet flap 18 Flap shaft 19-20 Roller, drive roller 21 Roller, deflection roller 22 Conveyor surface, table plate 23 Conveyor surface, suction box 24 Conveyor belt, suction belt 25 Clock roller 26 Feed table, feed plate 27 Stop, front stop, front marks 28- 29 Transfer drum, feed drum 30 Printing unit upper section, module, first, upper section module 31 Printing unit lower section, module, second, lower section moduleSubstructure 32 Printing cylinder, form cylinder, plate cylinder 33 Printing cylinder, transfer cylinder, rubber cylinder 34 Cylinder, printing cylinder, impression cylinder, rotary transport body 35 Transfer drum, transfer drum, transferter 36 Printing cylinder, impression cylinder, impression cylinder 37 Channel, clamping and / or tensioning channel 38 Fastening device, clamping and / or tensioning elements 39 Channel, clamping and / or tensioning channel 40 Fastening device, tensioning and / or clamping device 41 Plate changing device 42 Inking unit, lifter inking unit, short inking unit, film inking unit 43 Ink supply, ink box 44 Ink pickup roller, ink box roller 45 Inking unit rollers 46 First inking unit roller 47 Lifter roller, ink lifter 48 Ink friction rollers, positively driven 49 Inking unit rollers, driven by friction 50 Inking rollers 51 Dampening unit 52 Moisture application roller 53 Direction of rotation of the printing cylinder 54 Bridge roller 55 Printing zone, printing point, printing gap 56 Cylinder channel 57 Gripper system of the printing cylinder 34 58 Sheet support elements,Drum caps 59 Gripper system of the transfer drum 35 60 Air cushion guide 61 Cylinder, printing cylinder, impression cylinder, counter-pressure cylinder, rotary transport body 62 Coating unit superstructure, superstructure module of the coating unit 63 Coating unit cylinder, coating form cylinder 64 Fastening system, clamping and / or tensioning system 65 Application system, chambered doctor blade system 66 Ink roller, anilox roller 67 Doctor blade, chambered doctor blade 68 Drying unit 69 Chain conveyor system 70 Gripper device, gripper carriage 71 Delivery stack, product container 72 Sprocket 73 Chain 74- 75 Guide track 76 Transport base, pallet 77 Tension roller 78 Turning device 79 Sheet guide cylinder, transfer drum 80 Sheet guide cylinder, storage drum 81 Sheet guide cylinder, turning drum 82 Turning gripper system 83 Sheet holding system, Gripper system 84 Bow holding system, suction system 85-86 Charging device 87 Shell surface (34; 61) 88 Electrode unit 89 Charge core zone, area 90-91 Cylinder bale (34; 62) 92 Cylinder shell surface (34; 62) 93 Electrode 94 Minimum distancefirst 95- 96 distance, minimum, second 97 inspection system 98 inspection zone 99 camera 100- 101 transfer point 102 holding element, first, detent element, mechanical 103 holding element, second, detent element, mechanical 104 actuating device 105- 106 actuator, linear actuator, pneumatic cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, electric 107 working side (88) 108 needle (93) 109 guide 110- 111 bearing element, sliding block 112 carbon brush 113 grounding device 114 swivel axis 115- 116 lever arm 117 spring element 118 slip ring 119 housing (88) 120- 121 joint, first 122 joint, second 123 joint angle, first 124 Position sensor, proximity switch 125- 126 Test specimen, threaded pin , B Substrate, printing material, sheet E Electrode pivot axis F Force, return force K Force, deflection force R Direction of rotation

Claims

1. Sheet-fed rotary printing press, wherein the sheet-fed rotary printing press has at least one coating unit (05; 06; 07) which has at least one impression cylinder (34; 61) and at least one further cylinder (33; 63) forming a contact zone (55) with the impression cylinder (34; 61) and designed as a transfer cylinder (33) or a coating forme cylinder (63), and wherein the coating unit (05; 06; 07) has at least one charging device (86) for electrostatically fixing sheets (B) to the impression cylinder (34; 61), which has at least one electrode unit (88) aligned and / or alignable on a lateral surface (87) of the impression cylinder (34; 61), and wherein a charge core zone (89) is a region (89) of a cylinder lateral surface (92) enveloping a cylinder barrel (91) of the impression cylinder (34; 61) closest to the at least one electrode unit (88), and wherein the charge core zone (89) is arranged, as seen in the direction of rotation (R) of the impression cylinder (34; 61), after the contact zone (55) and before a transfer point (101) leading away from the impression cylinder (34; 61), characterized in that at least one electrode (93) of the at least one electrode unit (88) has a minimum first distance (94) from the impression cylinder (34; 61) which is at least 4 mm and which is at most 13 mm, and in that the at least one electrode (93) of the at least one electrode unit (88) has a minimum second distance (96) from the further cylinder (33; 63) which is at least 4 mm and which is at most 35 mm.

2. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one inspection system (97) is associated with the coating unit (05; 06; 07), which has a camera (99) aligned on an inspection zone (98) associated with the impression cylinder (34; 61), and in that the inspection zone (98) is arranged, as seen in the direction of rotation (R) of the impression cylinder (34; 61), after the contact zone (55) and before the transfer point (101) leading away from the impression cylinder (34; 61).

3. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 2, characterized in that the charge core zone (89) is arranged, as seen in the direction of rotation (R) of the impression cylinder (34; 61), before the inspection zone (98).

4. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the minimum first distance (94) is at least 5 mm or at least 7 mm or at least 9 mm.

5. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that the minimum first distance (94) is at most 12 mm or at most 11 mm.

6. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that the minimum second distance (96) is at least 5 mm or at least 7 mm or at least 9 mm.

7. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6, characterized in that the minimum second distance (96) is at most 30 mm or at most 20 mm or at most 15 mm or at most 12 mm.

8. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7, characterized in that an operationally applied and / or appliable working voltage of the electrode unit (88) is at least 2 kV.

9. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that an operationally applied and / or appliable working voltage of the electrode unit (88) is at most 20 kV.

10. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9, characterized in that at least one charging device (86) is circuit-technically connected to a superordinate machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press.

11. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one charging device (86) is circuit-technically connected to the superordinate machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that the operationally provided working voltage is applied to the at least one electrode (93) only when sheet run is activated.

12. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that at least one charging device (86) is circuit-technically connected to the superordinate machine control of the sheet-fed rotary printing press in such a way that settings concerning this charging device (86) can be made via an operating element of the sheet-fed rotary printing press.

13. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12, characterized in that the impression cylinder (34; 61) is grounded via at least one carbon brush (112).

14. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13, characterized in that at least one electrode unit (88) is arranged movably between at least two positions and in that one of the at least two positions is a working position and another of the at least two positions is a rest position, and in that at least one first retaining element (102) is arranged for holding the electrode unit (88) in the working position.

15. Sheet-fed rotary printing press according to claim 14, characterized in that an evasion force (K) is to be understood as a force (K) which is exerted directly or indirectly by the at least one electrode unit (88) on the at least one first retaining element (102), and in that the at least one first retaining element (102) only permits a movement of the at least one electrode unit (88) out of the working position caused by such an evasion force when this evasion force exceeds a first threshold value.