Metal laminate molding device and metal laminate molding method

Abstract

To provide a metal laminate molding device capable of stabilizing a build-up height and a molding shape by keeping a molten pool and shield gas at a constant state.SOLUTION: A metal laminate molding device 10 forms a three-dimensional molding object 7 by feeding a wire 42 via a wire nozzle 41 to perform build-up welding while irradiating the molding object 7 with a laser beam from an irradiation head 21. A wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 rotates the wire nozzle 41 around a central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a metal additive manufacturing apparatus and a metal additive manufacturing method using a laser beam. [Background technology]

[0002] One method for creating three-dimensional objects is called additive manufacturing (AM) metal additive manufacturing. Patent Document 1 discloses a method for metal additive manufacturing in which a desired three-dimensional object is obtained by supplying a metal material (powder or wire) to a molten pool and depositing the metal material while irradiating the object with a laser beam. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 2020-530525 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In a metal additive manufacturing device using a laser, the irradiation head needs to be able to move freely on a horizontal plane in order to obtain the desired three-dimensional object. However, if the wire supply direction is fixed regardless of the direction of the object, it is difficult to keep the molten pool and shielding gas in a constant state, which causes the build-up height to vary and the object shape to become unstable.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above, and aims to provide a metal additive manufacturing apparatus that can keep the molten pool and shielding gas in a constant state and stabilize the build-up height and the molded shape. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems and achieve the objective, the metal additive manufacturing apparatus disclosed herein is a metal additive manufacturing apparatus that forms a three-dimensional object by irradiating a laser beam from an irradiation head onto the object while paying out a wire through a wire nozzle for build-up welding, and is characterized in that it is equipped with a first mechanism that rotates the wire nozzle around the central axis of the irradiation head. Effect of the Invention

[0007] The metal additive manufacturing apparatus disclosed herein has the advantage of being able to maintain the molten pool and shielding gas in a constant state, thereby stabilizing the build-up height and the molded shape. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method (part 1) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method (part 2) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment (part 3). [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the method for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a temperature distribution of a model in a case where an irradiation head does not move relative to the model in the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; [Figure 7] FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a temperature distribution of a model when an irradiation head moves relative to the model in the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment; [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 1) for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Figure 9]FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 2) for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 3) for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 4) for manufacturing a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to the first embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to a third embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to a fifth embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A metal additive manufacturing apparatus and a metal additive manufacturing method according to embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0010] Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to a first embodiment. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 includes a laser oscillator 2, a laser beam irradiation apparatus 20, a wire supplying apparatus 40, a gas supplying apparatus 30, a stage 61, a head driving apparatus 5, a stage driving apparatus 6, and a control apparatus 1. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 melts a metal material on a base material (not shown) on the stage 61, and stacks a modeling layer, which is a layer of the molten metal, to form a modeled object 7. Specifically, the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 melts a wire 42, which is a metal material, together with a part of a workpiece, which is a base, to form a molten pool 71, and forms a modeling layer called a bead by solidifying the molten pool 71 on the workpiece. In this way, a modeling layer made of a metal material is deposited on the workpiece to form a modeling layer on the surface of the workpiece, thereby forming the modeled object 7. In FIG. 1, the Z direction is the vertical direction, and the X direction and the Y direction are perpendicular to the Z direction.

[0011] The laser beam irradiation device 20 includes a fiber cable 22, an X-axis drive unit 51, a Y-axis drive unit 52, a Z-axis drive unit 53, and an irradiation head 21. The +Z direction corresponds to the upward direction, and the -Z direction corresponds to the downward direction. The laser oscillator 2 and the irradiation head 21 are connected by the fiber cable 22, and the laser beam generated by the laser oscillator 2 is guided to the irradiation head 21. The irradiation head 21 irradiates the laser beam in the -Z direction, i.e., downward, onto the molten pool 71, which is the processing point.

[0012] The gas supply device 30 includes a gas supply unit 3, a gas pipe 31, and a gas injection device 32. The gas supply unit 3 and the gas injection device 32 are connected by the gas pipe 31. The periphery of the molten pool 71, which becomes hot, is covered with a shielding gas containing argon, carbon dioxide, etc., which is injected from the gas injection device 32, thereby preventing the molded object 7 from being oxidized by oxygen in the air.

[0013] The wire supply device 40 includes a wire supplying machine 4, a wire tube 43, a wire nozzle 41, a wire nozzle support unit 44 having a connecting unit 55 as an internal structure, and a wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54. The wire 42 is supplied to a processing point through the wire tube 43 and the wire nozzle 41 by the wire supplying machine 4. The wire nozzle 41 is supported by the wire nozzle support unit 44 so as to be at a constant angle with respect to the shaped object 7 on the stage 61. The wire nozzle support unit 44 is connected to the wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54 via the connecting unit 55. The wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54 is rotatable around the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 extending in the Z direction, as shown by the arrows F1 and F2. The wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54 is driven and controlled by the control device 1. By rotating the wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54, the wire nozzle 41 supported by the wire nozzle support unit 44 can be rotated around the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21. The wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 and the wire nozzle support unit 44 correspond to a first mechanism.

[0014] The irradiation head 21, wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54, and wire nozzle 41 can be moved freely on the XY plane by the X-axis drive unit 51 and the Y-axis drive unit 52 as shown by arrows K1 and K2, and can be moved vertically by the Z-axis drive unit 53 as shown by arrow K3 to focus the laser beam on the molten pool 71. The X-axis drive unit 51, the Y-axis drive unit 52, the Z-axis drive unit 53, and the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 are controlled by the head drive device 5.

[0015] The object 7 is mounted and fixed on a stage 61. The stage 61 can rotate around the Z axis or around the Z axis and the X axis. In either case, the stage 61 is controlled by a stage driving device 6.

[0016] The control device 1 controls the laser oscillator 2, the gas supplier 3, the wire supplier 4, the head driver 5, and the stage driver 6 in an integrated manner.

[0017] With this configuration, the object 7 rotates and the irradiation head 21 can move in the X, Y and Z axis directions, so that the laser beam can be irradiated to any position on the object 7 while the metal wire 42 is paid out for build-up welding, thereby forming the desired three-dimensional object.

[0018] Next, a method for forming a three-dimensional object according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 2 to 5. Fig. 2 is a diagram for explaining a method for forming a three-dimensional object (part 1) by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for forming a three-dimensional object (part 2) by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method for forming a three-dimensional object (part 3) by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method for forming a three-dimensional object (part 4) by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Figs. 2 to 5 will be used to explain a case in which the object 7 is fixed, i.e., the stage 61 does not rotate.

[0019] 2 to 5, the object 7 is a hollow quadrangular prism whose horizontal cross section is rectangular. When such a shape is molded by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10, the metal wire 42 is fed out while the irradiation head 21 is moved along the sides of the rectangle which is the horizontal cross section of the object 7, and build-up welding is repeated to build up one layer at a time.

[0020] 2 shows a state in which the front side of the object 7 is being modeled from left to right (positive direction of the X-axis). The irradiation head 21 is moved from left to right by the X-axis driver 51. The control device 1 controls the wire nozzle rotation driver 54 so that the metal wire 42 is supplied from the right side of the irradiation head 21, that is, from the front side in the direction in which modeling progresses.

[0021] When the modeling progresses and reaches the apex of the rectangle, the control device 1 controls the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 so that the wire nozzle 41 rotates from the right side of the irradiation head 21 to the rear side of the irradiation head 21, as shown in Fig. 3. In this state, the right side of the model 7 is modeled from the front to the rear (positive direction of the Y-axis). The irradiation head 21 has been moved from the front to the rear by the Y-axis drive unit 52, and the metal wire 42 is supplied from the rear side of the irradiation head 21, that is, from the front side in the direction in which modeling progresses.

[0022] When the modeling progresses and reaches the apex of the rectangle, the control device 1 controls the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 so that the wire nozzle 41 rotates from the rear side of the irradiation head 21 to the left side of the irradiation head 21, as shown in Fig. 4. In this state, the rear side of the model 7 is modeled from right to left (X-axis negative direction). The irradiation head 21 is moved from right to left by the Y-axis drive unit 52, and the metal wire 42 is supplied from the left side of the irradiation head 21, that is, from the front side in the direction in which modeling progresses.

[0023] When the modeling progresses and reaches the apex of the rectangle, the control device 1 controls the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 so that the wire nozzle 41 rotates from the left side of the irradiation head 21 to the front side of the irradiation head 21, as shown in Fig. 5. In this state, the left side of the model 7 is modeled from the back to the front (Y-axis negative direction). The irradiation head 21 is moved from the back to the front by the Y-axis drive unit 52, and the metal wire 42 is supplied from the front side of the irradiation head 21, that is, from the front side in the direction in which modeling progresses.

[0024] In this way, the control device 1 drives and controls the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 to rotate the wire nozzle 41 around the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21, so that the metal wire 42 is always supplied from the front side in the direction of travel of the model even if the direction of travel of the model changes. This keeps the molten pool 71 and the distribution of the shielding gas under constant conditions, making it possible to always perform stable modeling regardless of the shape of the model 7.

[0025] Fig. 6 is a plan view showing the temperature distribution of the object 7 when the irradiation head 21 does not move relative to the object 7 in the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the temperature distribution of the object 7 when the irradiation head 21 moves relative to the object 7 in the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. The energy imparted by the laser beam becomes heat and is conducted inside the object 7. As a result, the temperature distribution of the object 7 when the irradiation head 21 does not move relative to the object 7 becomes concentrically symmetrical with respect to the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 as shown in Fig. 6, and the high-temperature part in the center corresponds to the molten pool 71.

[0026] On the other hand, the temperature distribution of the object 7 when the irradiation head 21 moves relative to the object 7 is a narrow area distribution on the front side in the moving direction and a wide area distribution on the rear side in the moving direction, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the molten pool 71 in the center also becomes asymmetric with respect to the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21. Similarly to the temperature distribution of the object 7, the distribution of the shielding gas for preventing oxidation of the molten pool 71 also becomes asymmetric when the irradiation head 21 moves.

[0027] In order to achieve stable overlay welding by continuously supplying the metal wire 42 under such a situation where there exists a molten pool 71 and a distribution of shielding gas that are asymmetric with respect to the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21, the supply direction of the wire 42 relative to the advancing direction of the irradiation head 21 is important, and there is an optimal supply direction of the wire 42 depending on the type of processing. When forming a hollow rectangular prism-shaped object 7 as in the first embodiment, the optimal supply direction of the wire 42 is the front side of the advancing direction.

[0028] In contrast, if the supply direction of the wire 42 is fixed regardless of the movement direction of the irradiation head 21, in other words, if the supply direction of the wire 42 does not change in accordance with the movement direction of the irradiation head 21, the build-up height will vary and the molded shape will not be stable.

[0029] For this reason, in the first embodiment, the wire nozzle 41 is made rotatable around the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 by the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54, so that the wire 42 is always supplied from the optimal supply direction.

[0030] Next, another method for forming a three-dimensional object according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 8 to 11. Fig. 8 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 1) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 9 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 2) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 10 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 3) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Fig. 11 is a diagram for explaining another method (part 4) for forming a three-dimensional object by the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment. Figs. 8 to 11 will explain a case where the object 7 rotates, that is, the stage 61 rotates around the Z axis by the stage driving device 6.

[0031] 8 to 11, the object 7 is a hollow quadrangular prism whose horizontal cross section is rectangular. When forming such a shape using the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10, the X-axis driver 51 is not operated, and the X-axis position of the laser beam is fixed on the rotation axis of the stage 61. Then, using the stage driver 6 and the Y-axis driver 52, the irradiation head 21 is moved along the sides of the rectangle that is the horizontal cross section of the rotating object 7, while the metal wire 42 is paid out and overlay welding is repeated to build up one layer at a time.

[0032] 8 shows a state in which the front side of the object 7 mounted on the stage 61 rotating clockwise is being modeled from left to right (positive direction of the X-axis). In this state, the wire 42 is supplied from the front side in the direction in which the modeling progresses.

[0033] 9, when the wire nozzle 41 passes the center of the front side of the rectangular object 7, the control device 1 moves the Y-axis drive unit 52 from the back to the front (negative Y-axis direction) and simultaneously rotates the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 clockwise to translate the wire nozzle 41 along the front side of the object 7 so that the wire 42 is supplied from the front side of the object 7. However, since the stage 61 rotates around the Z-axis, the modeling proceeds in a direction along the rectangular side that is the horizontal cross section of the object 7, but the movement direction of the irradiation head 21 and the modeling proceeding direction are different.

[0034] As the modeling progresses and the laser beam reaches a vertex of the rectangle, the control device 1 rotates the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 counterclockwise to rotate the wire nozzle 41 counterclockwise, as shown in Figure 10. This changes the supply direction of the wire 42 by 90 degrees.

[0035] Furthermore, when the laser beam travels from the vertex of the rectangle of the object 7 toward the center of the side of the rectangle, as shown in Figure 11, the control device 1 moves the Y-axis drive unit 52 from the front to the back (positive direction of the Y-axis) and simultaneously rotates the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 clockwise to move the wire nozzle 41 in parallel along the front side of the object 7 so that the wire 42 is supplied from the front in the direction of advancement of the object.

[0036] In this way, even in a configuration in which the stage 61 rotates around the Z axis, the wire nozzle 41 can be rotated around the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 by the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54, so that the wire 42 is always supplied from the front side in the optimal modeling direction. This keeps the molten pool 71 and shielding gas distribution under constant conditions, enabling stable modeling regardless of the shape of the object 7.

[0037] Embodiment 2 As shown in Figs. 8 to 11, there is no problem when the object 7 is formed while rotating the object 7 around the Z axis using the stage 61, but when the object 7 is fixed and the irradiation head 21 is moved to form the object as shown in Figs. 2 to 5, the wire nozzle 41 rotates once around the Z axis passing through the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 when forming the first layer, and the wire tube 43 connecting the wire feeder 4 and the wire nozzle 41 also rotates once. If the second and third layers are formed in this manner, the wire tube 43 will become increasingly twisted, and will gradually become entangled in the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54. A method of rotating the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 in the opposite direction to untwist the object each time a layer is formed is also conceivable, but this would increase the forming time and deteriorate the time performance.

[0038] Therefore, in the second embodiment, the second layer is modeled in the opposite direction to the first layer, thereby untwisting the wire tube 43. That is, in the second embodiment, the control device 1 drives and controls the head driving device 5 to stack the object 7 layer by layer while alternating between clockwise and counterclockwise modeling directions. As a result, in the second embodiment, the wire tube 43 does not get twisted and entangled in the wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54, without wasting modeling time.

[0039] Embodiment 3 Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to a third embodiment. In the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the wire feeder 4 is disposed at an unspecified position of the metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10, and the wire nozzle 41 and the wire feeder 4 are connected by a wire tube 43. In contrast, the wire feeder 4a shown in Fig. 12 is fixed to a wire nozzle support part 44, and the wire feeder 4a is directly connected to the wire nozzle 41. The wire feeder 4a is specifically composed of a wire bobbin, a feed roller, and the like. The other configuration of the third embodiment is similar to that of the first embodiment, and therefore a duplicated description will be omitted.

[0040] According to the third embodiment, the wire supplying device 4a is rotated together with the wire nozzle 41 by the wire nozzle rotation driving unit 54, so that, as in the first embodiment, the metal wire 42 can always be supplied from the front side in the advancing direction even if the advancing direction of the modeling changes. Therefore, the distribution of the molten pool 71 and the shielding gas is kept under constant conditions, so that stable modeling is possible regardless of the shape of the model 7. Furthermore, since the wire supplying device 4a is made compact and can rotate together with the wire nozzle 41, the wire tube 43 does not exist, the problem of twisting of the wire tube 43 is eliminated, and modeling can be performed continuously.

[0041] Embodiment 4 13 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to embodiment 4. In embodiment 4, the wire tube 43a supplied from the wire feeder 4 enters the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54 from above the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21, and is connected to the wire nozzle 41 supported by the wire nozzle support unit 44 via a connecting unit 55 as an internal structure of the wire nozzle support unit 44. The other configuration of embodiment 4 is similar to that of embodiment 1, and therefore repeated explanations will be omitted.

[0042] According to the fourth embodiment, since the wire nozzle 41 is rotated by the wire nozzle rotation drive unit 54, the metal wire 42 can always be supplied from the front side in the advancing direction even if the advancing direction of the modeling changes, as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the distribution of the molten pool 71 and the shielding gas is maintained under constant conditions, so that stable modeling is possible regardless of the shape of the model 7. Furthermore, by inserting the wire tube 43a from above the central axis 23 of the irradiation head 21 and passing it through the connecting part 55, which is an internal structure of the wire nozzle support part 44, the problem of twisting of the wire tube 43a is eliminated, and modeling can be performed continuously.

[0043] Embodiment 5. 14 is a diagram showing the configuration of a metal additive manufacturing apparatus 10 according to embodiment 5. In embodiment 5, the wire nozzle support part 44a is capable of adjusting the elevation angle, which is the angle of the wire nozzle 41, with the molten pool 71 as the center. Other configurations of embodiment 5 are similar to those of embodiment 1, and therefore repeated explanations will be omitted.

[0044] According to embodiment 5, the angle of the wire nozzle 41 can be adjusted around the molten pool 71, so that the wire 42 can always be supplied from the optimal angle for the molding, enabling stable molding regardless of the shape of the object 7.

[0045] The configurations shown in the above embodiments are examples of the contents of the present disclosure, and may be combined with other known technologies, or the embodiments may be combined with each other. Also, parts of the configurations may be omitted or modified without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 1 control device, 2 laser oscillator, 3 gas supply device, 4, 4a wire supply device, 5 head drive device, 6 stage drive device, 7 molded object, 10 metal additive manufacturing device, 20 laser beam irradiation device, 21 irradiation head, 22 fiber cable, 23 central axis, 30 gas supply device, 31 gas piping, 32 gas injection device, 40 wire supply device, 41 wire nozzle, 42 wire, 43, 43a wire tube, 44, 44a wire nozzle support part, 51 X-axis drive part, 52 Y-axis drive part, 53 Z-axis drive part, 54 wire nozzle rotation drive part, 55 connection part, 61 stage, 71 molten pool.

Claims

1. 1. A metal additive manufacturing apparatus for forming a three-dimensional object by depositing welding by feeding a wire through a wire nozzle while irradiating the object with a laser beam from an irradiation head, comprising: A first mechanism for rotating the wire nozzle around the central axis of the irradiation head is provided. A metal additive manufacturing apparatus comprising:

2. A control device that rotates and drives the first mechanism so that the wire is supplied from the front side in the direction of travel of the modeling. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 .

3. a wire feeder that feeds the wire to the wire nozzle; The first mechanism rotates the wire feeder and the wire nozzle around a central axis of the irradiation head. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 .

4. The first mechanism includes: a wire nozzle support portion for supporting the wire nozzle; a wire nozzle rotation drive unit that rotates the wire nozzle support unit about a central axis of the irradiation head; Equipped with A wire tube connected to a wire feeder enters the wire nozzle rotation drive unit from above the central shaft, The wire nozzle support is connected to the wire nozzle via an internal structure of the wire nozzle support. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 .

5. The angle of the wire nozzle is adjustable 5. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the metal additive manufacturing apparatus comprises:

6. Equipped with a control device that controls the stacking of layers while alternating between clockwise and counterclockwise modeling directions.

3. The metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.

7. 1. A metal additive manufacturing method for forming a three-dimensional object by depositing welding by feeding a wire through a wire nozzle while irradiating the object with a laser beam from an irradiation head, comprising: The wire nozzle is rotated around the central axis of the irradiation head in accordance with the moving direction of the irradiation head so that the wire is supplied from the front side in the advancing direction of the modeling. A metal additive manufacturing method comprising the steps of:

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