Push-on fastener, assembly, and method of making and using the same

Abstract

To provide a push-on fastener that is fixed to an inner member, simplifies an assembly, and is used to reduce friction, vibration and noise while prolonging the lifetime of the assembly.SOLUTION: There is provided a push-on fastener 100 that includes: a push-on fastener body including an annular base 104 defining an aperture, first and second opposing major surfaces 107, 109, and a plurality of radial tabs 110 extending from the annular base 104, the radial tabs 110 terminating radially inwardly or radially outwardly and providing a peripheral surface; and a low friction layer 1104 overlaying the first major surface 107 of the push-on fastener body, wherein the peripheral surface 112a is free of low friction layer 1104.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to push-in fasteners, and more particularly to push-in fasteners attached to a shaft or similar component. [Background technology]

[0002] A push-in fastener can be positioned to distribute the load of an inner member, such as a shaft, in an assembly or mechanism. A particular type of push-in fastener axially secures itself to the inner member and uses it to interact with another component of the assembly. It is possible. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] In some assemblies, the inner member may rotate during use, causing the push-in fastener to move relative to the side of other components of the assembly, such as the outer member, which can cause friction, vibration, and noise. There continues to be a need for a push-in fastener for use in applications that secures to the inner member and reduces friction, vibration, and noise while simplifying and extending the life of the assembly. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the accompanying figures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] Included are methods of manufacturing push-in fasteners according to embodiments. [Figure 2A] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 2B] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 2C] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 3A] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 3B] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 3C] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 3D] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 includes a top view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] 1 includes a perspective top view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 7A] 1 includes a top view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 7B] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to a first embodiment. [Figure 7C] 1 includes a perspective view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 8A] 1 includes a top view of a push-fit fastener in an assembly according to an embodiment. [Figure 8B] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener in an assembly according to an embodiment. [Figure 8C] 1 includes a side view of a push-in fastener in an assembly according to an embodiment. [Figure 8D] 1 includes a top cutaway view of a push-in fastener in an assembly according to an embodiment. [Figure 8E] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener in an assembly according to an embodiment. [Figure 9A] 1 includes a top view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. [Figure 9B] 1 includes a cross-sectional view of a push-in fastener according to a first embodiment. [Figure 9C] 1 includes a perspective view of a push-in fastener according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.

[0006] The following description in combination with the drawings is provided to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following description will focus on specific implementations and embodiments of the present teachings. This focus is provided to help explain the present teachings and should not be construed as a limitation on the scope or applicability of the present teachings. However, other embodiments can be used based on the teachings disclosed in this application.

[0007] The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a method, article, or apparatus comprising a list of features is not necessarily limited to only those features, but may include other features not expressly listed or inherent in such method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless expressly stated otherwise, "or" refers to an inclusive "or," not an exclusive "or." For example, condition A or B can be satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0008] Additionally, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be read to include the singular forms "one," "at least one," or "more than one," or vice versa, unless it is clear that something else is meant. For example, where a single embodiment is described herein, two or more embodiments can be used in place of the single embodiment. Similarly, where more than one embodiment is described herein, a single embodiment can be used in place of the two or more embodiments.

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials and processing operations are conventional and can be found in textbooks and other sources in the art of push-in fasteners and push-in fastener assemblies.

[0010] The embodiments described herein are generally directed to push-in fasteners and methods of making and using push-in fasteners in assemblies. In certain embodiments, the push-in fastener may have an annular base and a plurality of radial tabs extending from the annular base. The radial tabs may provide at least one peripheral surface that is free of a low-friction layer.

[0011] For illustrative purposes, Figure 1 includes a diagram showing a forming process 10 for forming a push-fit fastener. The forming process 10 may include a first step 12 of providing a base material, a second step 14 of coating the base material with a low-friction coating to form a composite material, and a third step 16 of forming the composite material into a push-fit fastener.

[0012] Referring to the first step 12, the base material may be a substrate. In one embodiment, the substrate may at least partially comprise a metal. According to certain embodiments, the metal may include iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, alloys thereof, or another type of material. More specifically, the substrate may at least partially comprise steel, such as stainless steel, carbon steel, or spring steel. For example, the substrate may at least partially comprise 301 stainless steel. The 301 stainless steel may be annealed, ¼ hard, ½ hard, ¾ hard, or fully hard. The substrate may comprise a woven mesh or an expanded metal grid. Alternatively, the woven mesh may be a woven polymer mesh. In alternative embodiments, the substrate may not include a mesh or grid.

[0013] FIG. 2A includes a diagram of a composite material 1000 that may be formed according to the first step 12 and the second step 14 of the forming process 10. For illustrative purposes, FIG. 2A shows the layer-by-layer configuration of the composite material 1000 after the second step 14. In some embodiments, the composite material 1000 may include a substrate 1119 (i.e., the base material provided in the first step 12) and a low-friction layer 1104 (i.e., the low-friction coating applied in the second step 14). As shown in FIG. 2A, the low-friction layer 1104 may be coupled to at least a portion of the substrate 1119. In certain embodiments, the low-friction layer 1104 may be coupled to a surface of the substrate 1119 and form a low-friction interface with another surface of another component. The low-friction layer 1104 may be coupled to a radially inner surface of the substrate 1119 and form a low-friction interface with another surface of another component. The low friction layer 1104 is coupled to a radially outer surface of the substrate 1119 and can form a low friction interface with other surfaces of other components.

[0014] In some embodiments, the low-friction layer 1104 can include a low-friction material. The low-friction material can include a polymer such as, for example, polyketone, polyaramid, polyimide, polythermid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfone, polyamideimide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, fluoropolymer, polyamide, polybenzimidazole, or any combination thereof. In one example, the low-friction layer 1104 includes a polyketone, polyaramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfone, fluoropolymer, polybenzimidazole, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. In a particular example, the low-friction / wear-resistant layer includes a polymer such as a polyketone, thermoplastic polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyamideimide, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. In a further example, the low friction / wear resistant layer comprises a polyketone, such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherketoneetherketone, derivatives thereof, or combinations thereof. In an additional example, the low friction / wear resistant layer may be ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. Examples of fluoropolymers include fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), terpolymers of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride (THV), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE), polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene (PE), polysulfone, polyamide (PA), polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyurethane, polyester, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), or any combination thereof.The low-friction layer 1104 can comprise solid-based materials including lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon nitride, tungsten carbide, or diamond-like carbon; metals (such as aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, and stainless steel); metal alloys (including those listed); anodized metals (including those listed); or any combination thereof. According to certain embodiments, fluoropolymers can be used. As used herein, a "low-friction material" can be a material having a dry static coefficient of friction measured against steel of less than 0.5, such as less than 0.4, less than 0.3, or even less than 0.2. A "high-friction material" can be a material having a dry static coefficient of friction measured against steel of greater than 0.6, such as greater than 0.7, greater than 0.8, greater than 0.9, or even greater than 1.0.

[0015] In some embodiments, the low-friction layer 1104 can further include fillers including fiberglass, carbon fiber, silicone, PEEK, aromatic polyester, carbon particles, bronze, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic filler, aluminum oxide, polyamideimide (PAI), PPS, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSO2), LCP, aromatic polyester, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the filler can include alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, pigment, or any combination thereof. The filler can be in the form of beads, fibers, powder, mesh, or any combination thereof.

[0016] In one embodiment, the low friction layer 1104 has an axial height T in the range of 0.01 mm to 0.4 mm, such as in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.35 mm, or even in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.FL The axial height of the low-friction layer 1104 may be uniform, i.e., the axial height of the low-friction layer 1104 at a first location may be equal to the axial height at a second location along the low-friction layer 1104. The low-friction layer 1104 may cover one or both major surfaces of the substrate 1119 as shown. In some embodiments, the substrate 1119 may extend at least partially along the length of the composite material 1000. The substrate 1119 may be at least partially encapsulated by the low-friction layer 1104. That is, the low-friction layer 1104 may cover at least a portion of the substrate 1119. The axial surface of the substrate 1119 may or may not be exposed from the low-friction layer 1104. In one embodiment, the composite material 1000 has an axial height T in the range of 0.01 mm to 5 mm, such as in the range of 0.15 mm to 2.5 mm, or even in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm. SW It can have:

[0017] FIG. 2B includes a diagram of an alternative embodiment of a composite material that may be formed according to first step 12 and second step 14 of forming process 10. For illustrative purposes, FIG. 2B shows the layer-by-layer configuration of composite material 1002 after second step 14. According to this particular embodiment, composite material 1002 may be similar to composite material 1000 of FIG. 2A, except that composite material 1002 may also include at least one adhesive layer 1121 that may couple low-friction layer 1104 to substrate 1119 (i.e., the base material provided in first step 12) and low-friction layer 1104 (i.e., the low-friction coating applied in second step 14). In another alternative embodiment, substrate 1119 as a solid component, woven mesh, or expanded metal grid may be embedded between at least one adhesive layer 1121 included between low-friction layer 1104 and substrate 1119.

[0018] The adhesive layer 1121 can comprise any known adhesive material common to fastener technology, including, but not limited to, fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, polyimide resins, polyether / polyamide copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), ETFE copolymers, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), or any combination thereof. Additionally, the adhesive can comprise at least one functional group selected from -C=O, -COR, -COH, -COOH, -COOR, -CF2=CF-OR, or any combination thereof, where R is a cyclic or linear organic group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Additionally, the adhesive can comprise a copolymer. In one embodiment, the hot melt adhesive can have a melting point of 250°C or less, such as 220°C or less. In another embodiment, the adhesive may break down above 200°C, such as above 220°C. In further embodiments, the melting point of the hot melt adhesive may be greater than 250°C, or even greater than 300°C. Adhesion layer 1121 can have an axial height of about 1 to 50 microns, such as about 7 to 15 microns.

[0019] FIG. 2C includes a diagram of an alternative embodiment of a composite material that may be formed according to first step 12 and second step 14 of forming process 10. For purposes of illustration, FIG. 2C shows the layer-by-layer configuration of composite material 1003 after second step 14. According to this particular embodiment, composite material 1003 may also include at least one corrosion protection layer 1704, 1705, and 1708, and a corrosion resistant coating 1124, which may include an adhesion promoter layer 1127 and an epoxy layer 1129, which may couple to substrate 1119 (i.e., the base material provided in first step 12) and low friction layer 1104 (i.e., the low friction coating applied in second step 14).

[0020] The substrate 1119 may be coated with corrosion protection layers 1704 and 1705 to prevent corrosion of the composite material 1003 prior to processing. Additionally, corrosion protection layer 1708 may be applied over layer 1704. Layers 1704, 1705, and 1708 may each have an axial height of approximately 1 to 50 microns, such as approximately 7 to 15 microns. Layers 1704 and 1705 may include phosphates of zinc, iron, manganese, or any combination thereof, or nanoceramic layers. Additionally, layers 1704 and 1705 may include functionalized silanes, nanoscale silane-based primers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters, solvent / water-based silane primers, chlorinated polyolefins, passivated surfaces, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coatings, or any combination thereof. Layer 1708 can include functional silanes, nanoscale silane-based primers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters, and solvent / water-based silane primers. The corrosion protection layers 1704, 1706, and 1708 can be removed or retained during processing.

[0021] Optionally, the composite material 1003 may further include a corrosion-resistant coating 1125. The corrosion-resistant coating 1125 can have an axial height of about 1 to 50 microns, such as about 5 to 20 microns and about 7 to 15 microns. The corrosion-resistant coating 1125 can include an adhesion promoter layer 1127 and an epoxy layer 1129. The adhesion promoter layer 1127 can include zinc, iron, manganese, or tin phosphates, or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic layer. The adhesion promoter layer 1127 can include functional silanes, nanoscale silane-based layers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters, solvent / water-based silane primers, chlorinated polyolefins, passivated surfaces, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coatings, or any combination thereof. The epoxy layer 1129 can be a thermally cured epoxy, a UV-cured epoxy, an IR-cured epoxy, an electron beam-cured epoxy, a radiation-cured epoxy, or an air-cured epoxy. Additionally, the epoxy layer 1129 can include polyglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, oxirane, oxacyclopropane, ethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxypropane, 2-methyloxirane, 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, or any combination thereof. The epoxy layer 1129 can further include a curing agent. The curing agent can include an amine, an acid anhydride, a phenol novolac hardener such as phenol novolac poly[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide] (PHPMI), a resole phenol formaldehyde, a fatty amine compound, a polycarboxylic acid anhydride, a polyacrylate, an isocyanate, an encapsulated polyisocyanate, a boron trifluoride amine complex, a chromium-based hardener, a polyamide, or any combination thereof. Generally, the acid anhydride can conform to the formula RC=OOC=O-R′, where R is C, as described above. X H Y X Z A UThe amines can include aliphatic amines such as monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, cycloaliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines such as amidoamines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, imidazole derivatives, or any combination thereof.

[0022] In one embodiment, in step 14 of FIG. 1 , as described above, any of the layers on composite materials 1000, 1002, 1003 can each be arranged in a roll, peeled therefrom, and bonded to one another under pressure, at elevated temperatures (hot press or roll or cold press or roll), with an adhesive, or any combination thereof. As described above, any of the layers of composite material 1000 can be laminated together so that they at least partially overlap one another. As described above, any of the layers on composite materials 1000, 1002, 1003 can be applied together using coating techniques such as, for example, physical or vapor deposition, spraying, plating, powder coating, or other chemical or electrochemical methods. In certain embodiments, low-friction layer 1104 can be applied by a roll-to-roll coating process, including, for example, extrusion coating. Low-friction layer 1104 can be heated to a molten or semi-molten state and extruded through a slot die onto a major surface of substrate 1119. In another embodiment, low-friction layer 1104 can be cast or molded.

[0023] 1, any of the layers on the composite materials 1000, 1002, 1003 can be applied by coating techniques such as, for example, physical or vapor deposition, spraying, plating, powder coating, or other chemical or electrochemical techniques. In certain embodiments, the low friction layer 1104 can be applied by a roll-to-roll coating process, including, for example, extrusion coating. The low friction layer 1104 can be heated to a molten or semi-molten state and extruded through a slot die onto a major surface of the substrate 1119. In another embodiment, the low friction layer 1104 can be cast or molded.

[0024] Referring now to the third step 16 of the forming process 10 shown in FIG. 1 , according to certain embodiments, forming the composite material 1000, 1002, 1003 into a press-fit fastener may include a cutting operation. In one embodiment, the cutting operation may include the use of a stamp, press, punch, saw, or may be machined in a different manner. In some embodiments, the cutting operation may form a peripheral surface on the press-fit fastener. The cutting operation may define a cutting direction that initiates from a first major surface to a second major surface opposite the first major surface to form the peripheral surface or edge. Alternatively, the cutting operation may define a cutting direction that initiates from the second major surface to the first major surface to form the peripheral surface or edge.

[0025] For illustrative purposes, FIGS. 3A-3D include diagrams illustrating a cutting operation to form the push-in fastener 100. The push-in fastener 100 may have a first major surface 107 and a second major surface 109. The push-in fastener 100 may further have an annular base 104. The push-in fastener 100 may further include at least one radial tab 110. As shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, the at least one radial tab 110 may include an inner radial edge 123. In one embodiment, the at least one radial tab 110 may define a peripheral surface 112a. As shown in FIGS. 3C-3D, the at least one radial tab 110 may include an outer radial edge 125. In one embodiment, the at least one radial tab 110 may define a peripheral surface 112b. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3D , the push-in fastener 100 may be cut using a cutting operation to form one of the peripheral surfaces 112 a, 112 b after the low-friction layers 1104, 1104′ are formed on the substrate 1119. In some embodiments, the two low-friction layers 1104, 1104′ may be coupled to the substrate 1119. FIG. 3A illustrates an upward cut direction relative to the angle α on a push-in fastener 100 having an inward-facing radial tab 110. FIG. 3B illustrates a downward cut direction toward the angle α on a push-in fastener 100 having an inward-facing radial tab 110. FIG. 3C illustrates an upward cut direction relative to the angle α on a push-in fastener 100 having an outward-facing radial tab 110. FIG. 3D illustrates a downward cut direction toward the angle α on a push-in fastener 100 having an outward-facing radial tab 110. In some embodiments, the cut portion may form an exposed surface 175 that is free of the low friction layer 1104 on the push-in type fastener 100. As shown in Figures 3A-3B, the cut portion may form an exposed surface 175 that is free of the low friction layer 1104 on the inner radial edge 123 of at least one radial tab 110 of the push-in type fastener 100.As shown in FIGS. 3C-3D, the cut portion may form an exposed surface 175, free of the low-friction layer 1104, on the outer radial edge 125 of at least one radial tab 110 of the push-in fastener 100. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3A-3D, the first major surface 107 may intersect with at least one peripheral surface 112a, 112b to form a sharp corner 192, while the second major surface 109 may intersect with the peripheral surfaces 112a, 112b to form a rounded corner 194. The sharp corner 192 may have a burr 193, a steep bevel, or an otherwise sharp edge. The sharp corner 192 may have a radius of curvature ranging from 0.0 mm to 0.2 mm. The rounded corner 194 may have a more gradual bevel to form a smooth edge. The rounded corners 194 have a radius of curvature in the range of 0.0 mm to 0.2 mm.

[0026] Turning now to a push-in fastener formed in accordance with embodiments described herein, FIG. 4 includes an illustration of a top view of a push-in fastener 100. For purposes of illustration, FIG. 4 depicts a top view of a push-in fastener 100 according to embodiments described herein, which may include a push-in fastener body 102 oriented about a central axis A. The push-in fastener 100 may further have an annular base 104. The annular base 104 may include an inner radial edge 103 and an outer radial edge 105. The inner radial edge 103 may at least partially define an opening 180 of the push-in fastener 100. The push-in fastener 100 may further include at least one radial tab 110 disposed along at least one of the inner radial edges 103 of the annular base 104.

[0027] In some embodiments, the annular base 104 has a particular outer radius OR AB For purposes of the embodiments described herein and shown in FIG. 4, the outer radius OR of the annular base 104 ABis the distance from the central axis A to the outer radial edge 105. According to certain embodiments, the outer radius OR of the annular base 104 AB may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or even at least about 50 mm. AB may be about 100 mm or less, such as about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. AB It will be understood that the outer radius OR of the annular base 104 may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. AB It will be further understood that θ can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. For example, the outer radius OR of the annular base 104 AB may be 23 mm.

[0028] In some embodiments, the annular base 104 has a particular inner radius IR AB For purposes of the embodiments described herein and shown in FIG. 4, the base 104 may have an inner radius IR AB is the distance from the central axis A to the inner radial edge 103. According to certain embodiments, the inner radius IR of the annular base 104 AB may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or even at least about 50 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the inner radius IR of the annular base 104 AB may be about 90 mm or less, such as about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. AB It will be understood that the inner radius IR of the annular base 104 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. AB It will be further understood that the inner radius IR of the annular base 104 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. ABmay be 23 mm.

[0029] For illustrative purposes, Figure 5 includes a cross-sectional view of the push-in fastener 100 shown in Figure 4, according to an embodiment described herein. As shown in Figure 5, the annular base 104 has a first axial surface 106 and a first axial surface 108 oriented below the central axis A and having an axial height T AB and a second axial surface 108 opposite the first axial surface 106, spaced apart by a distance A. The annular base 104 may have a polygonal, elliptical, circular, semicircular, or generally circular cross-section when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis A.

[0030] In some embodiments, the annular base 104 has a particular axial height T AB For purposes of the embodiments described herein and shown in FIG. 5 , the axial height T AB is the distance from the first axial surface 106 to the second axial surface 108. According to certain embodiments, the axial height T of the annular base 104 AB may be at least about 0.01 mm, e.g., at least about 0.1 mm, or at least about 0.2 mm, or at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, or even at least about 0.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the axial height T of the annular base 104 AB The axial height T of the annular base 104 may be about 2 mm or less, such as about 0.9 mm or less, or even about 0.8 mm or less. AB It will be understood that the axial height T of the annular base 104 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. AB It will be further understood that t can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. For example, the axial height T of the annular base 104 AB may be 0.7 mm.

[0031] 4, the push-in fastener 100 may include at least one radial tab 110. In some embodiments, the radial tab 110 may run the entire circumference of the push-in fastener 100. According to yet other embodiments, the push-in fastener 100 may include multiple radial tabs 110, each extending from the annular base 104. According to yet other embodiments, the at least one radial tab 110 may project radially inward from the annular base 104.

[0032] According to yet another embodiment, the at least one radial tab 110 may include an inner radial edge 123 and an outer radial edge 125. The outer radial edge 125 may be contiguous with the inner radial edge 103 of the annular base 104. The at least one radial tab 110 may include a first circumferential edge 127 and a second circumferential edge 129 along an arc length measured as an angle Θ relative to the central axis A, as best shown in FIG. 4 . The inner radial edge 123 may at least partially define an opening 180 in the push-in fastener 100 and / or the annular base 104. As shown in FIG. 5 , the at least one radial tab 110 may include a first axial surface 126 and a second axial surface 128 opposite the first axial surface 126.

[0033] As shown in both Figures 4 and 5, the radial tabs 110 are circumferentially offset from one another. In embodiments having multiple radial tabs 110, the radial tabs 110 may be circumferentially offset from one another by multiple radial slots 137. The radial slots 137 may be gaps that define the first circumferential edge 127 and the second circumferential edge 129 of adjacent radial tabs 110. At least one radial tab 110 may have a polygonal, elliptical, circular, semicircular, or substantially circular cross-section when viewed in a plane generally perpendicular to the central axis A.

[0034] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, at least one radial tab 110 has a width W measured in arc length from a first circumferential edge 127 to a second circumferential edge 127. RT The width W RT is the expression JPEG2025157300000002.jpg1147 where Θ is the angle formed between the first circumferential edge 127 and the second circumferential edge 127 relative to the central axis A, and C is the circumference of the push-in fastener 100 along the best fit circle formed by the inner radial edges 123 of the radial tabs 110 of the push-in fastener 100. According to certain embodiments, the width W of at least one radial tab 110 RT According to yet other embodiments, the width W of the at least one radial tab 110 may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or at least about 50 mm, or even at least about 60 mm. RT The width W of the at least one radial tab 110 may be about 100 mm or less, for example, about 50 mm or less, or about 25 mm or less. RT It will be understood that the width W of the at least one radial tab 110 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. RT It will be further understood that the width W of the at least one radial tab 110 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. RT may be 25 mm.

[0035] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, at least one radial tab 110 has an axial height T RT For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 may be RT is the distance from the first axial surface 126 to the second axial surface 128. According to certain embodiments, the axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 RTmay be at least about 0.1 mm, e.g., at least about 0.2 mm, at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, or even at least about 0.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 RT The axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 may be about 2 mm or less, such as about 0.9 mm or less, or even about 0.8 mm or less. RT It will be understood that the axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. RT It will be further understood that the axial height T of the at least one radial tab 110 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. For example, RT may be 0.7 mm.

[0036] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, at least one radial tab 110 has a length L RT For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the length L of the at least one radial tab 110 may be RT is the distance from the inner radial edge 123 to the outer radial edge 125. According to certain embodiments, the length L of the at least one radial tab 110 RT According to yet another embodiment, the length L of the at least one radial tab 110 may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or at least about 50 mm, or even at least about 60 mm. RT The length L of the at least one radial tab 110 may be about 100 mm or less, for example, about 50 mm or less, or about 25 mm or less. RT It will be understood that the length L of the at least one radial tab 110 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. RT It will be further understood that the length L of the at least one radial tab 110 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above.RT may be 25 mm.

[0037] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 , the at least one radial tab 110 can include a bridge portion 135 connecting the inner radial edge 123 of the at least one radial tab 110 to the annular base 104. In certain embodiments, the bridge portion 135 can be tilted relative to the central axis A. As described above, and now shown in FIG. 5 , the bridge portion 135 can form an angle α with a plane parallel to the annular base 104 and perpendicular to the central axis A. As a non-limiting example, the angle α between the bridge portion 135 and the annular base 104 in the unloaded state can be at least 0.1°, e.g., at least 2°, at least 4°, at least 5°, or even at least 10°. In another embodiment, the angle α can be 45° or less, e.g., 40° or less, 35° or less, 30° or less, 25° or less, or even 20° or less. In yet another embodiment, the angle α can be 30° or greater. It will be understood that the angle α can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​discussed above. It will be further understood that the angle α can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. For example, the angle α may be 43°.

[0038] In some embodiments, the angles α of the radial tabs 110 can all be uniform. In other embodiments, the angle α of at least one radial tab 110 can be different. In particular embodiments, each angle α can be 60° or greater, e.g., 90° or greater, 120° or greater, or even 150° or greater. In further embodiments, each angle α can be less than 180°, e.g., 170° or less, 160° or less, 150° or less, 140° or less, 130° or less, 120° or less, or even 110° or less. In particular embodiments, the angles α can all lie along lines extending in substantially parallel directions. As used herein, "substantially parallel directions" refers to a deviation of 5° or less between the measurement directions of the two lines, such as 4° or less, 3° or less, or even 2° or less. In more particular embodiments, the angles α can all lie along lines extending in parallel. As used herein, "extending parallel" refers to a deviation of 0.5° or less between the measurement directions of the two lines.

[0039] 3A-3B and then in more detail in FIGS. 4 and 5, in one embodiment, at least one radial tab 110 may define an inner peripheral surface 112a. In one embodiment, an inner radial edge 123 of at least one radial tab 110 may define the inner peripheral surface 112a. In this manner, the radial tab 110 protrudes radially inward to form the inner peripheral surface 112a. In certain embodiments, at least one of the radial tabs 110 may have an exposed surface 175 defined without the low-friction layer 1104. As shown in FIG. 5, this exposed surface 175 may be the inner peripheral surface 112a at the inner radial end 123 of the radial tab 110.

[0040] 4 and 5, the inner radial edge 103 of the annular body 14 and the inner radial edge 123 of the at least one radial tab 110 can at least partially define the opening 180 of the push-in fastener 100. The opening 180 can have a polygonal, elliptical, circular, semicircular, or substantially circular cross-section when viewed in a plane generally perpendicular to the central axis A. The opening 180 can also be non-uniform in shape.

[0041] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the opening 180 has a radius R A For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the aperture radius R A is the distance from the central axis A to the outermost point of either the inner radial edge 103 of the annular base 104 or the inner radial edge 123 of the at least one radial tab 110. According to certain embodiments, the opening radius R A may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or at least about 60 mm, or even at least about 50 mm. A may be about 100 mm or less, such as about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. A It will be understood that the aperture radius R can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. A It will be further understood that R can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. For example, the aperture radius R A may be 25 mm.

[0042] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the push-in fastener 100 has an axial height T W For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the axial height T Wis the distance from the more axially distant portion of either the first axial surface 106 of the annular base 104 or the second axial surface 154 of the axial flange 150 to the second axial surface 128 of the innermost radial tab 110. According to certain embodiments, the axial height T of the push-in fastener 100 W may be at least about 0.1 mm, e.g., at least about 0.2 mm, or at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, or even at least about 0.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the axial height T of the push-in fastener 100 W The axial height T of the push-in fastener 100 may be about 100 mm or less, such as about 90 mm or less, or even about 80 mm or less. W It will be further understood that the axial height T of the push-in fastener 100 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​set forth above. W It will be appreciated that t can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. For example, the axial height T of the push-in fastener 100 W may be 0.7 mm.

[0043] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the push-in fastener 100 has an overall outer radius OR W For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the outer radius OR of the push-in fastener 100 W is the distance from the central axis A of the push-in fastener 100 to the radially outermost periphery, which may be either the outer radial edge 155 of the axial flange 150, the outer radial edge 105 of the annular base 104, or the outer radial edge 125 of the at least one radial tab 110. According to certain embodiments, the outer radius OR of the push-in fastener 100 W may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or even at least about 50 mm. Wmay be about 100 mm or less, such as about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. W It will be understood that the outer radius OR of the push-in fastener 100 may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. W It will be further understood that σ can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. For example, the outer radius OR of the push-in fastener 100 W may be 23 mm.

[0044] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the push-in fastener 100 has an overall inner radius IR W For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the inside radius IR of the push-in fastener 100 W is the distance from the central axis A of the push-in fastener 100 to the radially innermost periphery, which may be either the inner radial edge 123 of the innermost radial tab 110, the inner radial edge 153 of the axial flange 150, or the inner radial edge 103 of the annular base 104. According to certain embodiments, the inner radius IR of the push-in fastener 100 W may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 20 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or even at least about 50 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the inner radius IR of the push-in fastener 100 W may be about 100 mm or less, such as about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. W It will be understood that the inner radius IR of the push-in fastener 100 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. W It will be further understood that the inner radius IR of the push-in fastener 100 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. W may be 23 mm.

[0045] For purposes of illustration, Figure 6 includes a push-in fastener 100 according to an alternative embodiment described herein. It will be understood that corresponding components between Figure 6 and Figures 4 and 5 (i.e., components having the same reference numbers) can be described as having any of the properties or characteristics described with reference to Figures 4 and 5.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 6 , according to certain embodiments, a push-in fastener 100 may include a push-in fastener body 102 oriented about a central axis A. The push-in fastener 100 may further include an annular base 104. The push-in fastener 100 may further include at least one radial tab 110 disposed along at least one of the inner radial edges 103 of the annular base 104. As shown in these alternative embodiments, the push-in fastener 100 and / or the annular base 104 may include an axial flange 150. The axial flange 150 may have a first axial surface 152 and a second axial surface 154 opposite the first axial surface 152. The axial flange 150 may have a polygonal, elliptical, circular, semicircular, or approximately circular cross-section when viewed in a plane perpendicular to the central axis A. In certain embodiments, the axial flange 150 may be tilted with respect to a line parallel to the central axis A.

[0047] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, the axial flange 150 has an axial height T AF For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the axial height T of the axial flange 150 AF is the distance from the first axial surface 152 to the second axial surface 154. According to certain embodiments, the axial height T of the axial flange 150 RT may be at least about 0.1 mm, e.g., at least about 0.2 mm, or at least about 0.3 mm, or at least about 0.4 mm, or even at least about 0.5 mm. According to yet other embodiments, the axial height T of the axial flange 150 RTThe axial height T of the axial flange 150 may be about 15 mm or less, such as about 10 mm or less, or even about 5 mm or less. RT It will be understood that the axial height T of the axial flange 150 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. RT It will be further understood that axial height T of axial flange 150 can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. RT may be 0.7 mm.

[0048] For illustrative purposes, Figures 7A-7C include top, cross-sectional, and perspective views, respectively, of a push-in fastener 100 according to an alternative embodiment described herein. It will be understood that corresponding components (i.e., components having the same reference numbers) between Figures 7A-7C and Figures 4, 5, and 6 can be described as having any of the properties or characteristics described with reference to Figures 4, 5, and 6.

[0049] 7A-7C , according to certain embodiments, a push-in fastener 100 may include a push-in fastener body 102 oriented about a central axis A. The push-in fastener 100 may further include an annular base 104. The push-in fastener 100 may further include at least one radial tab 110 disposed along an outer radial edge 105 of the annular base 104. As shown in these alternative embodiments, the at least one radial tab 110 may protrude radially outward from the annular base 104. In these embodiments, the at least one radial tab 110 may include an inner radial edge 123 and an outer radial edge 125. In this embodiment, the inner radial edge 123 of the radial tab 110 may coincide with the outer radial edge 105 of the annular base 104. In this embodiment, the at least one radial tab 110 may define an outer radial edge 125 and a bridge portion 135 connecting the outer radial edge 125 to the annular base 104 .

[0050] 3C-3D and then in more detail in FIGS. 7A-7C, in one embodiment, at least one radial tab 110 may define an outer peripheral surface 112b. In this alternative embodiment, an outer radial edge 125 of at least one radial tab 110 may define the outer peripheral surface 112b. In this manner, the radial tab 110 projects radially outward to form the outer peripheral surface 112b. In certain embodiments, at least one of the radial tabs 110 may have an exposed surface 175 defined without the low-friction layer 1104.

[0051] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 7A-7C, the axial flange 150 may include an inner radial edge 153 and an outer radial edge 155. The axial flange 150 has a length L AF For purposes of the embodiments described herein, the axial flange 150 may have a length L AF is the distance from the inner radial edge 153 to the outer radial edge 155. According to certain embodiments, the length L of the axial flange 150 AF According to yet another embodiment, the length L of the axial flange 150 may be at least about 1 mm, e.g., at least about 10 mm, or at least about 30 mm, or at least about 40 mm, or at least about 50 mm, or even at least about 60 mm. AF The length L of the axial flange 150 may be about 100 mm or less, for example, about 50 mm or less, or even about 25 mm or less. AF It will be understood that the length L of the axial flange 150 can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. AF It will be further understood that the length L of the axial flange 150 may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​mentioned above. AF may be 25 mm.

[0052] For illustrative purposes, FIGS. 8A-8E include a top view, a side view, a top cutaway view, and a cross-sectional view, respectively, of a push-in fastener 100 within an assembly 500 in accordance with an alternative embodiment described herein. It will be understood that corresponding components between FIGS. 8A-8E (i.e., components having the same reference numbers) can be described as having any of the properties or characteristics described with reference to FIGS. 8A-8E. In some embodiments, the push-in fastener 100 can be positioned adjacent to or in contact with an inner member 528 (e.g., a shaft) within the assembly 500. The assembly 500 can also include an outer member 530 (e.g., a bearing, housing, side member, or other structural member) fitted to the inner member 528. In one embodiment, the outer member 530 can be adapted to rotate relative to the inner member 528. In another embodiment, the inner member 528 can be adapted to rotate relative to the outer member 530. The push-in fastener 100 can be positioned adjacent to or in contact with the inner member 528 in the assembly 500. In some embodiments, the push-in fastener 100 can be mounted on the inner member 528 of the assembly 500. In some embodiments, at least one radial tab 110 of the push-in fastener 100 can secure the push-in fastener 100 to the inner member 528 of the assembly 500.

[0053] The at least one radial tab 110 can be adapted to deform radially during and after installation. The at least one radial tab 110 can operate in an elastic deformation zone, i.e., the at least one radial tab 110 can deform upon application of a force and return to its original shape after removal of the force. In further embodiments, the at least one radial tab 110 can operate in a plastic deformation zone, i.e., the at least one radial tab 110 cannot fully return to its original shape after removal of the force. By including at least one radial tab 110 with different deformation characteristics on the annular base 104, it can be possible to further modify the properties of the push-in fastener 100, such as stiffness, sliding ability, or tolerance accommodation.

[0054] Referring to FIG. 8A , a non-limiting embodiment of an assembly 500 is shown. In one embodiment, the assembly 500 can be a seat assembly 500 for a vehicle. The seat assembly 500 generally includes a seat 502 having a bottom portion 504 and a seat back 506. The seat back 506 can be pivotally connected to the bottom portion 504. The bottom portion 504 can include a frame 508, a cover 510, and a cushion or support disposed therebetween. The seat back 506 can include an interior support 512. The seat assembly 500 can provide a location where a vehicle passenger can sit. The seat assembly 500 can include at least one sliding assembly 525, 525′. The seat assembly 500 can include at least one inner member 528, 528′, 528″. The seat assembly can include at least one outer member 530. The seat assembly can include at least one push-in fastener 100. FIG. 8B shows a side view of the push-in fastener 100 in the assembly 500 shown in FIG. 8A. In some embodiments, the inner member 528 can be part of the cross tube of the seat assembly 500 and the frame 508 of the bottom portion 504 of the seat assembly 500. FIG. 8C shows a side view of multiple push-in fasteners 100, 100′ in an assembly with multiple inner members 528, 528′. FIG. 8C shows a cutaway top view of the push-in fastener 100 in the assembly. FIGS. 8C-D show the inner member 528 as it may be coupled to the side panels 527, 527′ of the frame 508 of the bottom portion 504.

[0055] 8E , in some embodiments, a press-in fastener 100 according to one or more of the embodiments described herein can be disposed on an inner member 528 (such as a shaft) to form an assembly 500 with the press-in fastener 100 attached. The inner member 528 can be a cross tube for a seat assembly 500 for a vehicle. In some embodiments, the assembly 500 can further include a side seat member 550. In some embodiments, the assembly 500 can further include a bearing 560. As shown in FIG. 8E , in some embodiments, at least one of the radial tabs 110 of the press-in fastener 100 can engage and / or contact at least one of the inner member 528 or the outer member 530. In another embodiment, the first major surface 107 of the push-in fastener 100 may define an axially inner surface and the second major surface 109 of the push-in fastener 100 may define an axially outer surface, while the plurality of radial tabs 110 protrude axially outward along the central axis A of the assembly 500. In one embodiment, the annular base 104 may include a bearing surface 165 against which the outer member 530 contacts.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 8E , the axial flange 150 can form an angle β with respect to a plane parallel to the annular base 104 and perpendicular to the central axis A. As a non-limiting example, the angle β between the axial flange 150 and the annular base 104 in the unloaded state can be at least 0°, e.g., at least 45°, at least 65°, at least 75°, or even at least 90°. In another embodiment, the angle β can be 180° or less, e.g., 135° or less, 120° or less, 90° or less, 75° or less, or even 45° or less. It will be understood that the angle β can be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. It will further be understood that the angle β can be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​noted above. For example, the angle β can be 43°.

[0057] For illustrative purposes, Figures 9A-C show a top side view, a cross-sectional view, and a perspective view, respectively, of the push-in fastener 100 within the assembly 500. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 9B, at least one of the inner radial edges 123 of the radial tabs 110 of the push-in fastener 100 may be keyed to the inner member 528 through a matching or otherwise corresponding groove 29 found in the inner member 528. In some variations, the groove 529 may have a polygonal, elliptical, circular, semicircular, or approximately circular cross-section and may match the shape of at least one of the radial tabs 110 to form an interference fit that prevents or limits relative movement between at least one of the inner members 528 and the push-in fastener 100.

[0058] In some embodiments, at least one of the first major surface 107 or the second major surface 109 of the push-in fastener 100 may engage the outer member 530 to prevent or limit relative movement between the push-in fastener 100 and the inner member 528. Movement may be prevented or limited rotationally, axially, or radially relative to the central axis A. According to certain embodiments, relative axial movement may be prevented. In some embodiments, at least one of the peripheral surfaces 112 a, 112 b of the push-in fastener 100 may form an interlock with at least one of the inner member 528 or the outer member 530. In some embodiments, the interlock may be a corner 192, 194 of at least one of the peripheral surfaces 112 a, 112 b that contacts at least one of the inner member 528 or the outer member 530. In some embodiments, the sharp corner 192 may be adapted to contact at least one of the inner member 528 or the outer member 530 in the assembly 500.

[0059] In one embodiment, the push-in fastener 100 is capable of providing a holding force of at least 1 N to the inner member 528 under a strain of less than 10 mm.

[0060] In one embodiment, the metal substrate 1119 and low friction layer 1119 on the push-in fastener exhibit a peel strength (measured according to Standard ISO 4578) of greater than 20 N / cm, e.g., greater than 40 N / cm, greater than 50 N / cm, or greater than 75 N / cm. In one embodiment, the metal substrate 1119 and low friction layer 1119 on the push-in fastener exhibit a peel strength (measured according to Standard ISO 4578) of less than 100 N / cm, e.g., less than 75 N / cm, less than 50 N / cm, or less than 25 N / cm.

[0061] In one embodiment, the assembly 500 can be attached or assembled longitudinally to the inner member 528 with an assembly force of at least 10 N, e.g., at least 20 N, at least 30 N, at least 40 N, at least 50 N, at least 100 N, or even at least 150 N. In a further embodiment, the assembly 500 can be attached or assembled longitudinally to the inner member 528 with an assembly force of at least 1 kgf, e.g., 1500 N or less, 1000 N or less, 750 N or less, or even 250 N or less.

[0062] The use of the push-in fastener 100 or assembly 500 may provide greater advantages in some applications, such as, but not limited to, vehicle tailgates, door frames, seat assemblies, or other types of applications. In particular, the use of the push-in fastener 100 may simplify the assembly 500 by eliminating components. Furthermore, the use of the push-in fastener 100 may provide noise reduction and vibration decoupling within the assembly 500 by improving the required assembly force, compensating for axial tolerances between the inner and outer members 28, 30, and preventing unwanted movement between the inner and outer members 28, 30. Furthermore, the push-in fastener 100 is simple to install and may be cost-effective to retrofit across several possible assemblies of varying complexity. Furthermore, the low-friction layer 1104 on the push-in fastener 100 provides low-friction characteristics and may function as an axial bearing while also being a fixed element for the components of the assembly 500. This may improve frictional performance between the push-in fastener 100 and other components of the assembly 500. Finally, the use of the push-fit fasteners 100 maintains improved stiffness and tensile strength between the inner and outer members 28, 30, which can extend the life of the assembly 500.

[0063] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are described below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand that these aspects and embodiments are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the invention. An embodiment may follow any one or more of the embodiments listed below.

[0064] Embodiment 1. A push-in fastener comprising: a push-in fastener body having an annular base defining an opening, opposite first and second major surfaces, and a plurality of radial tabs extending from the annular base, the radial tabs terminating radially inward or radially outward to provide a peripheral surface; and a low friction layer covering the first major surface of the push-in fastener body, the peripheral surface being free of the low friction layer.

[0065] Embodiment 2. An assembly comprising: an inner member having a shaft; an outer member fitted over the inner member, at least one of the inner and outer members adapted to rotate relative to the other; a push-in fastener comprising a push-in fastener body having an annular base defining an opening, opposed first and second major surfaces, and a plurality of radial tabs extending from the annular base, the radial tabs terminating radially inward or radially outward and providing a peripheral surface; and a low friction layer covering the first major surface of the push-in fastener body, the peripheral surface being free of the low friction layer.

[0066] Embodiment 3. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the first major surface intersects with the peripheral surface to form a sharp corner and the second major surface intersects with the peripheral surface to form a rounded corner.

[0067] Embodiment 4. A push-in fastener or assembly according to embodiment 3, wherein the rounded corners have a radius of curvature in the range of 0.0 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0068] Embodiment 5. A push-in fastener or assembly according to embodiment 3, wherein the sharp corner has a radius of curvature in the range of 0.0 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0069] Embodiment 6. A push-fit fastener or assembly as described in embodiment 3, wherein the sharp corner is adapted to contact the inner or outer member.

[0070] Embodiment 7. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein at least one of the radial tabs is adapted to deform radially.

[0071] Embodiment 8. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the peripheral surface is formed by a cutting operation.

[0072] Embodiment 9. A push-fit fastener or assembly as described in embodiment 8, wherein the cutting operation defines a cutting direction that initiates from the second major surface to the first major surface to form the peripheral surface.

[0073] Embodiment 10. An assembly as described in embodiment 2, wherein the annular base comprises a bearing surface against which the outer member contacts.

[0074] Embodiment 11. An assembly as described in embodiment 2, wherein the outer member comprises at least one of a bearing or a side member.

[0075] Embodiment 12. The assembly of embodiment 2, wherein the push-fit fastener provides a holding force to the inner member of greater than 1 N under a strain of less than 10 mm.

[0076] Embodiment 13. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any of embodiments 1-12, wherein the push-in fastener body comprises a metal such as iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, or an alloy thereof.

[0077] Embodiment 14. A push-in fastener or assembly according to embodiment 13, wherein the push-in fastener body comprises a metal such as iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, or an alloy thereof.

[0078] Embodiment 15. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the low friction layer comprises a fluoropolymer.

[0079] Embodiment 16. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the push-in fastener further comprises an adhesive layer disposed between the push-in fastener body and the low friction layer.

[0080] Embodiment 17. A push-in fastener or assembly described in any of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the multiple radial tabs are circumferentially spaced apart from one another by multiple radial slots.

[0081] Embodiment 18. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the first major surface defines an axially inner surface, the second major surface defines an axially outer surface, and the plurality of radial tabs protrude axially outward.

[0082] Embodiment 19. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein at least one of the radial tabs forms an angle α in a cross-sectional plane of the axial annular base, α≦30°.

[0083] Embodiment 20. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the opening has a radius in the range of 5 mm to 25 mm.

[0084] Embodiment 21. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the push-in fastener body and the low friction layer exhibit a peel strength (measured in accordance with Standard ISO 4578) of greater than 20 N / cm.

[0085] Embodiment 22. The assembly of embodiment 2, comprising a seat assembly for a vehicle.

[0086] Embodiment 23. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the push-in fastener further comprises an axial flange.

[0087] Embodiment 24. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the radial tabs protrude radially outward and the peripheral surface forms an outer peripheral surface.

[0088] Embodiment 25. A push-fit fastener or assembly according to embodiment 24, wherein the annular base defines an inner peripheral surface opposite the outer peripheral surface.

[0089] Embodiment 26. A push-in fastener or assembly according to embodiment 24, wherein the inner peripheral surface does not have a low-friction layer.

[0090] Embodiment 27. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the radial tabs project radially inward and the peripheral surface forms an inner peripheral surface.

[0091] Embodiment 28. A push-fit fastener or assembly according to embodiment 26, wherein the annular base defines an outer peripheral surface opposite the inner peripheral surface.

[0092] Embodiment 29. A push-in fastener or assembly according to embodiment 27, wherein the outer peripheral surface does not have a low-friction layer.

[0093] It should be noted that not all of the features described above are required, that some of the particular features may not be required, and that one or more features in addition to those described may be provided. Furthermore, the order in which the features are described is not necessarily the order in which the features are provided.

[0094] Certain features that are, for clarity, described herein in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination.

[0095] Although benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with respect to particular embodiments, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any features that may give rise to or make more apparent any benefit, advantage, or solution should not be construed as critical, necessary, or essential features of any or all claims.

[0096] The specification and illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of various embodiments. The specification and illustrations are not intended to serve as an exhaustive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of apparatus and systems that use the structures or methods described herein. Separate embodiments may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment, and conversely, various features that are described for brevity in the context of a single embodiment may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Furthermore, references to values ​​stated in ranges include any and all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the present disclosure, such that structural substitutions, logical substitutions, or any changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the present disclosure should be considered illustrative and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A push-in fastener, a push-in fastener body including an annular base defining an opening, first and second opposed major surfaces, and a plurality of radial tabs extending from the annular base, the radial tabs terminating radially inwardly or radially outwardly to provide a peripheral surface; a low friction layer covering the first major surface of the push-in fastener body, the peripheral surface being free of a low friction layer.

2. 1. An assembly comprising: an inner member comprising a shaft; an outer member fitted onto the inner member, an outer member, at least one of which is adapted to rotate relative to the other; A push-in fastener, a push-in fastener comprising: a push-in fastener body having an annular base defining an opening, first and second opposed major surfaces, and a plurality of radial tabs extending from the annular base, the radial tabs terminating radially inward or radially outward to provide a peripheral surface; a low friction layer covering the first major surface of the push-in fastener body, the peripheral surface being free of a low friction layer.

3. 3. A push-in fastener or assembly according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first major surface intersects with the peripheral surface to form a sharp corner and the second major surface intersects with the peripheral surface to form a rounded corner.

4. 4. A push-in fastener or assembly according to claim 3, wherein said rounded corners have a radius of curvature in the range of 0.0 mm to 1.5 mm.

5. 4. A push-in fastener or assembly according to claim 3, wherein said sharp corner has a radius of curvature in the range of 0.0 mm to 0.5 mm.

6. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the push-in fastener body comprises a metal such as iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, or alloys thereof.

7. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the low friction layer comprises a fluoropolymer.

8. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the plurality of radial tabs are circumferentially spaced from one another by a plurality of radial slots.

9. 9. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the radial tabs forms an angle α in a cross-sectional plane of the annular base in the axial direction, α≦30°.

10. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the radial tabs project radially outwardly and the peripheral surface forms an outer peripheral surface.

11. 11. The push-in fastener or assembly of claim 10, wherein the annular base defines an inner peripheral surface opposite the outer peripheral surface.

12. 11. The push-in fastener or assembly of claim 10, wherein the inner peripheral surface does not have the low friction layer.

13. A push-in fastener or assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the radial tabs project radially inwardly and the peripheral surface forms an inner peripheral surface.

14. 14. A push-in fastener or assembly according to claim 13, wherein said annular base defines an outer peripheral surface opposite said inner peripheral surface.

15. 15. A push-in fastener or assembly according to claim 14, wherein said outer peripheral surface does not have said low friction layer.

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