Emissive substrate and method for dispensing fragrance - Patents.com

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of cosmetics. In particular, the present disclosure provides fragrance-dispensing emanating substrates and related methods for dispensing fragrance oils or liquid fragrance materials into an ambient environment.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of cosmetics. In particular, the present disclosure provides a fragrance-dispensing emanating substrate and related methods for dispensing fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material into an ambient environment.

[0002] background A typical emissive substrate based on capillary action, such as a reed diffuser, delivers fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material to the surrounding environment by diffusion. For example, the lower part of the emissive substrate may be immersed in a reservoir of fragrance oil, and the upper part of the emissive substrate may be exposed to the surrounding environment. The fragrance oil may be absorbed into the lower part of the emissive substrate and migrate to the upper part by capillary action. In this way, the entire length of the emissive substrate is saturated with fragrance oil. When the emissive substrate is saturated, to a certain extent during the saturation process, the fragrance oil is released from the emissive substrate and diffuses into the surrounding environment, delivering its scent.

[0003] The emissive substrate may include natural materials, such as wood, rattan, willow, or similar plants, that can absorb, wick, and diffuse fragrance oils or liquid fragrance materials when dry. The limitations of natural materials include the wicking rate (the rate at which the fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material is absorbed into the lower part of the emissive substrate and migrates to the upper part by capillary action). Another limitation includes the rate at which the fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material diffuses into the surrounding environment. This parameter is controlled by the surface area to volume ratio of the emissive substrate. Emissive substrates that include natural materials typically have a low surface area to volume ratio. Additional limitations include the lack of flexibility of the emissive substrate. Another limitation includes clogging of the emissive substrate.

[0004] Thus, there remains a need for an emanating substrate comprising natural materials that has improved wicking and / or diffusion rates for the fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material.

[0005] overview One aspect presented herein provides a fragrance dispensing device, comprising: wherein the fragrance dispensing device comprises: a) a reservoir having an open end, wherein the reservoir contains a quantity of a liquid composition; and b) an emanating substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material, wherein the emanating substrate has a first end in contact with the open end of the reservoir and a second end in contact with the liquid composition; Including, Here, the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment that removes at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material.

[0006] In one embodiment, at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the flexibility of the emitting substrate.

[0007] In one embodiment, at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the porosity of the emitting substrate.

[0008] In one embodiment, the increased porosity increases the rate at which the liquid composition is absorbed into the first end of the emanating substrate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the increased porosity increases the rate of diffusion of the liquid composition into the surrounding environment.

[0010] In one embodiment, the increased porosity increases the surface area to volume ratio of the exudative substrate.

[0011] In one embodiment, the increased surface area to volume ratio of the effervescent substrate increases the rate at which the liquid composition is absorbed into the first end of the effervescent substrate.

[0012] In one embodiment, the increased surface area to volume ratio of the emanating substrate increases the rate of diffusion of the fragrance oil into the surrounding environment.

[0013] In one embodiment, the chemically treated cellulosic material is subjected to further processing to increase the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material.

[0014] In one embodiment, the further processing comprises mechanical hot pressing.

[0015] In one embodiment, the further treatment increases the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material by three times.

[0016] In one embodiment, the liquid composition is a composition selected from the group consisting of: a fragrance material composition, an insect repellent composition, a deodorizing composition, and combinations thereof.

[0017] One aspect presented herein provides a method of delivering a liquid composition to an ambient environment comprising providing a fragrance dispensing device according to an aspect presented herein.

[0018] One embodiment presented herein provides an emanating substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material, the emanating substrate having a first end and a second end in contact with a liquid composition; Here, the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment that removes at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material.

[0019] One aspect presented herein provides a candle that includes an emissive substrate according to some aspects presented herein and a meltable fuel in direct contact with the emissive substrate.

[0020] While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming patent protection to the invention, it is believed the present invention will be better understood from the following description of the accompanying drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] Scanning electron micrographs of wood cellulosic material (left) and chemically treated and mechanically hot-pressed wood cellulosic material (right) are shown. [Diagram 2] Axial compressive strength of wood cellulosic material (far left), chemically treated wood cellulosic material (second from left), mechanically hot pressed wood cellulosic material (second from right), and chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed wood cellulosic material (far right) are shown. [Diagram 3] (Left) shows the mass loss of liquid fragrance composition from a fragrance delivery device having an emitting substrate comprising wood (squares) and a chemically treated and mechanically hot-pressed wood cellulosic material (triangles). (Right) shows the evaporation rate of liquid fragrance composition from a fragrance delivery device having an emitting substrate comprising wood (left bar) and a chemically treated and mechanically hot-pressed wood cellulosic material (right bar). [Figure 4] Shown is the amount of liquid fragrance composition remaining in a fragrance delivery device having an emissive substrate comprising wood after three days (left) and the amount of liquid fragrance composition remaining in a fragrance delivery device having an emissive substrate comprising chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed wood cellulose-based material (right).

[0022] Detailed Description In the following description, reference is made to specific embodiments that can be implemented as examples. These embodiments are described in detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement the invention described herein, and it should be understood that other embodiments can be utilized and logical changes can be made without departing from the scope of the aspects presented herein. Therefore, the following description of example embodiments should not be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the various aspects presented herein is defined by the appended claims.

[0023] The Abstract is provided in accordance with 37 CFR §1.72(b) to allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The Abstract is submitted with the condition that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

[0024] When used as an exuding substrate, the cellulosic material that has been treated by the methods disclosed herein can provide improved wicking and / or diffusion rates and have improved structural properties and are less susceptible to clogging, compared to conventional untreated cellulosic materials. Without intending to be limited to any particular theory, the treatment of the cellulosic material by the methods disclosed herein increases the flow of the liquid composition through the exuding substrate, resulting in improved wicking and / or diffusion rates, thereby increasing the delivery of the liquid composition to the surrounding environment. In some embodiments, the treatment of the cellulosic material by the methods disclosed herein reduces the stiffness of the exuding substrate.

[0025] As used herein, the term "effusive substrate" refers to a porous substrate configured to deliver fragrance oil or liquid fragrance material to the surrounding environment by diffusion.

[0026] 1-4, in some embodiments, the exudative substrate comprises a cellulosic material that has been chemically treated to remove at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material. Without intending to be limited to any particular theory, the removal of at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose creates nanopores between cellulose nanofibers of the cellulosic material, thereby creating a lumen structure, resulting in improved wicking and / or diffusion rates, thereby enhancing delivery of the liquid composition to the surrounding environment.

[0027] The at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose can be removed from the cellulosic material by immersing the cellulosic material in a boiling alkaline solution for a time sufficient to remove the at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose, followed by at least one washing step to remove the alkaline solution.

[0028] In some embodiments, the alkaline solution comprises 2.5 M NaOH and 0.4 M Na2SO3. In other embodiments, the alkaline solution is ammonia.

[0029] In some embodiments, the sufficient time is 7 hours, in other embodiments 6 hours, in other embodiments 5 hours, in other embodiments 4 hours, in other embodiments 3 hours, in other embodiments 2 hours, and in other embodiments 1 hour.

[0030] In some embodiments, the sufficient time removes 100% of the at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose, in other embodiments 90%, in other embodiments 80%, in other embodiments 70%, in other embodiments 60%, in other embodiments 50%, in other embodiments 40%, in other embodiments 30%, in other embodiments 20%, or in other embodiments 10%.

[0031] In some embodiments, the at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the flexibility of the emitting substrate.

[0032] In some embodiments, at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to change the color of the cellulosic material.

[0033] In some embodiments, at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the porosity of the emitting substrate.

[0034] In some embodiments, the increased porosity increases the rate at which the liquid composition is absorbed into the first end of the emanating substrate.

[0035] In some embodiments, the increased porosity increases the rate of diffusion of the liquid composition into the surrounding environment.

[0036] In some embodiments, the increased porosity increases the surface area to volume ratio of the exudative substrate.

[0037] In some embodiments, the increased surface area to volume ratio of the effervescent substrate increases the rate at which the liquid composition is absorbed into the first end of the effervescent substrate.

[0038] In some embodiments, the increased surface area to volume ratio of the emanating substrate increases the rate of diffusion of the liquid composition into the surrounding environment.

[0039] Examples of suitable methods for removing at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material include the methods disclosed in Song et al., Nature 554, pg 224-228 (2018).

[0040] Additional examples of suitable methods for removing at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material include the methods disclosed in Paril et al., European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72, pg 583-591 (2014).

[0041] In some embodiments, the chemically treated cellulosic material is subjected to further processing to increase the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material.

[0042] In some embodiments, the further processing comprises mechanical hot pressing.

[0043] In some embodiments, the further treatment increases the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material by three-fold.

[0044] Examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic material include those disclosed in Song et al., Nature 554, pg 224-228 (2018).

[0045] Additional examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic material include those disclosed in Sandberg et al., Wood Material Science and Engineering 8, pg 64-88 (2013).

[0046] Additional examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic material include those disclosed in Fang et al., European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 70, pg 155-163 (2012).

[0047] Additional examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic material include those disclosed in Paril et al., European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 72, pg 583-591 (2014).

[0048] Additional examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic materials include those disclosed in Navi et al., MRS Bulletin, 29, pg 332-336 (2004).

[0049] Additional examples of suitable methods for mechanically hot pressing the chemically treated cellulosic material include those disclosed in Kutnar et al., Wood Science and Technology 46, pg 73-88 (2012).

[0050] With reference to FIG. 4 , provided herein is an emanating substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material, the emanating substrate having a first end and a second end in contact with a liquid composition; Here, the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment that removes at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material.

[0051] With reference to FIG. 4, one embodiment presented herein provides a fragrance dispensing device, comprising: wherein the fragrance dispensing device comprises: a) a reservoir having an open end, wherein the reservoir contains a quantity of a liquid composition; and b) an emanating substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material, wherein the emanating substrate has a first end in contact with the open end of the reservoir and a second end in contact with the liquid composition; Including, Here, the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment that removes at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material.

[0052] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a candle comprising an emissive substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material and a meltable fuel in direct contact with the emissive substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material. In one aspect, the meltable fuel comprises wax.

[0053] As used herein, the term "liquid composition" refers to a liquid composition that is at least partially volatile, i.e., capable of evaporating and imparting a benefit to the surrounding environment. It may be a substantially non-aqueous liquid containing odorant material, or it may contain a certain amount of water. It may be a molten wax.

[0054] In some embodiments, the liquid composition contains at least one active ingredient.The active ingredient can provide benefits to the surrounding environment and can be accompanied by any ingredient that can be beneficial to the active volatile material.In other words, the liquid composition contains an active volatile material, and the active volatile material includes at least one ingredient, and optionally one or more ingredients selected from the group consisting of solvent, thickener, antioxidant, colorant, bittering agent and UV inhibitor.

[0055] As the active volatile material, for example, a fragrance can be used. Other suitable active volatile materials can be deodorants or space disinfectants or insect repellents or any other active material capable of imparting a perceptible and desired benefit to the air quality in which it is diffused.

[0056] In one embodiment, said active volatile material is a perfume. As a perfume, any ingredient or mixture of ingredients currently used in cosmetics can be used, i.e. any ingredient or mixture of ingredients capable of exerting a perfuming effect, meaning modifying or imparting the odor of the surrounding air. This means that malodor neutralizing compositions capable of reducing or suppressing a wide variety of malodors, such as body odor, tobacco odor, kitchen or bathroom malodors, etc., are also understood herein as being included in the definition of "perfume", "fragrance" or "perfuming composition". Often such perfuming compositions are more or less complex mixtures of ingredients of natural or synthetic origin. The nature and type of said ingredients do not warrant a more detailed description here, but are in any case not exhaustive, and the skilled person can select them based on his general knowledge according to the intended use, the application, the desired organoleptic effect, deodorizing, perfuming, space disinfecting or otherwise. Generally speaking, these perfuming ingredients belong to a wide variety of chemical classes, such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketenes, esters, ethers, acetates, nitriles, terpene hydrocarbons, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds, and essential oils of natural or synthetic origin. Many of these ingredients are in any case listed in reference books, such as the book by S. Arcade, Perfume and Flavor Chemicals, 1969, Montclair, NJ, USA, or its newer editions, or other works of a similar nature, as well as in the abundant patent literature in the field of cosmetics and malodor neutralization. Many are known to have malodor neutralizing and / or antimicrobial activity, so that in addition to being able to perfume the surrounding air and thus impart a pleasant aroma, they also serve to purify and disinfect the space and / or eliminate any malodors (i.e. unpleasant odors).

[0057] Natural oils, such as lavender, cedar, lemon and other essential oils and extracts may be used in the devices disclosed herein.

[0058] Although specific reference has been made above to the perfuming effect that can be exerted by the device of the invention, the same principle also applies to similar devices for the diffusion of deodorizing or space-sterilizing vapors, and also to so-called insect repellent devices, whereby the perfume is replaced by a deodorizing composition, an antibacterial agent, an insecticide, an insect repellent or an insect attractant. The term "space-sterilizing vapor" is used here not only to vapors of substances capable of increasing the acceptability of the air surrounding the observer, but also to substances that can exert an attractive or repellent effect against certain species of insects, for example against houseflies or mosquitoes, or that can have a bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. It goes without saying that mixtures of such agents can also be used.

[0059] The total amount of active volatile materials in the active composition may be comprised between 20% and 100%, or alternatively between 30% and 70%, by weight of the active composition.

[0060] As previously discussed above, the active composition may contain certain optional ingredients that act, for example, as solvents, thickeners, antioxidants, dyes, bittering agents, and UV inhibitors.

[0061] Non-limiting examples of useful UV inhibitor components include benzophenones, diphenyl acrylates or cinnamates, such as those available under the trade name UVINUL® (origin: BASF AG).

[0062] The total amount of UV inhibitors present in the active composition may range from 0.0% to 0.5%, or alternatively, from 0.01% to 0.4%, wherein the percentages are based on the total weight of the active composition.

[0063] The presence of one or more solvents may be useful to have a single phase liquid and / or to adjust the speed of evaporation of the active material into the surrounding environment. The solvents may belong to the family of isoparaffins, paraffins, hydrocarbons, i.e. glycols, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters, esters or ketones.

[0064] Examples of suitable commercially available solvents are those having the trade names ISOPAR® H, J, K, L, M, P or V (isoparaffins; origin: Exxon Chemical), NORPAR® 12 or 15 (paraffins; origin: Exxon Chemical), EXXSOL® D 155 / 170, D 40, D 180 / 200, D 60, D 70, D 80, D 100, D 110 or D 120 (dearomatized hydrocarbons; origin: Exxon Chemical), DOWANOL® PM, DPM, TPM, PnB, DPnB, TPnB, PnP or DPnP (glycol ethers; origin: Dow Chemical Company), EASTMAN® EP, EB, EEH, DM, DE, DP or DB (glycol ethers; origin: Eastman Chemical Company), DOWANOL® Known as PMA or PGDA (glycol ether esters; source: Dow Chemical Company) or EASTMAN® EB acetate, EASTMAN® DE acetate, EASTMAN® DB acetate, EASTMAN® EEP (all glycol ether esters; all source: Eastman Chemical Company), or further known as 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol, also known as solvent MMB and available from a variety of suppliers.

[0065] Other examples of solvents useful in the present invention are dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol ethyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, isopropyl myristate, diethyl phthalate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, methyl n-amyl ketone or diisobutyl ketone.

[0066] The total amount of such solvents present in the active composition may range from 0.0% to 80%, or alternatively from 30% to 70%, where the percentages are based on the weight of the active composition. In some embodiments, the perfuming composition comprises at least 30% by weight of perfume and up to 70% by weight of such optional solvents.

[0067] In some embodiments, at least 60% of the total weight of the active composition is made of components having a vapor pressure comprised between 4 Pa ​​and 270 Pa, the vapor pressure being measured at 20° C. and a pressure of 760 mmHg. The requirements set forth in the formulation of the active composition ensure that a relatively constant composition is maintained over the life of the device and that the active composition evaporates at a relatively steady rate during the life of the product.

[0068] In some embodiments, at least 80% of the total weight of the active composition is made up of components having a vapor pressure comprised between 4 Pa ​​and 270 Pa.

[0069] Non-limiting examples of useful antioxidant components include sterically hindered amines, i.e. derivatives of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, such as those known under the trade names UVINUL® (origin: BASF AG) or TINUVIN® (origin: Ciba Specialty Chemicals), as well as alkylated hydroxyarene derivatives, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

[0070] The total amount of antioxidants present in the active composition may range from 0.0% to 10%, or alternatively from 1% to 4%, wherein the percentages are based on the weight of the active composition.

[0071] Dyes are other optional components of the active composition.Suitable dyes are oil-soluble and can be found in Colour Index International, published by The Society of Dyers and Colourist.Non-limiting examples of suitable dyes are derivatives of anthraquinone, methine, azo, triarylmethane, triphenylmethane, azine, aminoketone, spirooxazine, thioxanthene, phthalocyanine, perylene, benzopyran or perinone families.

[0072] Examples of such dyes that are commercially available are those under the trade names SANDOPLAST® Violet RSB, Violet FBL, Green GSB, Blue 2B or SAVINYL® Blue RS (all anthraquinone derivatives; origin: Clariant Huningue SA), OILSOL® Blue DB (anthraquinone; origin: Morton International Ltd.), SANDOPLAST® Yellow 3G (methine; origin: Clariant Huningue SA), SAVINYL® Scarlet RLS (azo metal complex; origin: Clariant Huningue SA), OILSOL® Yellow SEG (monoazo; origin: Morton International Ltd.), FAT ORANGE® R (monoazo; origin: Hoechst AG), FAT RED® 5B (diazo; origin: Hoechst AG), NEOZAPON® Blue 807 (phthalocyanine; origin: BASF AG), FLUOROL® Green Golden (perylene; origin: BASF AG).

[0073] The total amount of dyes present in the active composition may range from 0.0% to 0.5%, or alternatively, from 0.005% to 0.05%, wherein the percentages are based on the weight of the active composition.

[0074] The presence of a bittering agent may be desirable to make the product less palatable, making the active composition less likely to be ingested, especially by small children. Non-limiting examples include isopropyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl n-butyl ketone or even denatonium salts, such as denatonium benzoate, also known under the trademark BITREX (source: Mac Farlan Smith Ltd.).

[0075] The bittering agent may be present in the active composition in a total amount of 0.0% to 5%, said percentages being based on the total weight of the active composition. (商標) In this case, the amount may be comprised between 0.0% and 0.1%, preferably between 10 and 500 ppm, of the total weight of the active composition, whereas the other bittering agents mentioned above, if present, are typically used in an amount of between 0.5 and 5% by weight.

[0076] In some embodiments, the liquid composition is a composition selected from the group consisting of: a fragrance material composition, an insect repellent composition, a deodorizing composition, and combinations thereof.

[0077] One aspect presented herein provides a method of delivering a liquid composition to an ambient environment comprising providing a fragrance dispensing device according to an aspect presented herein.

[0078] The present invention is best illustrated in the following non-limiting examples. EXAMPLES

[0079] Example 1: Fragrance dispensing device according to embodiments presented herein In the first step, a surfactant-water base was prepared based on the formulation described in Table 1 below. All of the ingredients were mixed together in a beaker and gently stirred at room temperature. After they were completely dissolved, a clear micellar solution was formed.

[0080] Table 1 - Surfactant-water based preformulations according to the invention [Table 1] 1) Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt; Source: Cytec Industries, Inc. 2) Sorbitol monooleate ethoxylated with 20EO; Source: Lonza Inc. 3) Sorbitol monolaurate ethoxylated with 20EO; Source: Lonza Inc. 4) PPG-26 Buteth-26 & PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil & Water; Source: LWR Inc.

[0081] In the second step, an air freshener composition was obtained according to the formula shown in Table 2. The above surfactant-water base, perfume base and solubilization aid components were mixed together in a beaker. The mixture was gently stirred by a magnetic bar stirrer at ambient temperature for a few minutes. A translucent liquid crystal phase was formed. In the next step, a clear product was immediately formed upon dilution with water.

[0082] Table 2 - Liquid formulations according to the invention [Table 2] 1) PURE CITRUS 163641;Source: Firmenich SA. 2) Sodium pyrrolidone carboxylate 50% aqueous solution; Source: Ajinimoto Inc.

[0083] Following this procedure, a perfume formulation was obtained having a surfactant / perfume ratio of 0.84.

[0084] The above fragrance formulation was added to a fragrance dispensing device having either rattan wick; or rattan wick that has been chemically treated to remove said at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose and subsequently treated by mechanical hot pressing by the method described in Song et al., Nature 554, pg 224-228 (2018) to increase the density of said chemically treated cellulosic material.

[0085] FIG. 3 (left) shows the mass loss of the liquid fragrance composition from a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising rattan (squares) and from a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed rattan (triangles).

[0086] FIG. 3 (right) shows the evaporation rate of a liquid fragrance composition from a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising rattan (left bar) and from a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed rattan (right bar).

[0087] FIG. 4 shows the amount of liquid fragrance composition remaining in a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising wood after three days (left) and the amount of liquid fragrance composition remaining in a fragrance delivery device having a wick comprising chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed wood cellulosic material (right).

[0088] Taken together, these data suggest that treatment of cellulosic materials according to the methods disclosed herein increases the flow of the liquid composition through the wick, resulting in improved wicking and / or spreading rates, thereby increasing the delivery of the liquid composition to the surrounding environment.

[0089] Although various aspects of the present invention have been described above with reference to examples and preferred embodiments, it will be understood that the scope of the present invention is defined not by the foregoing description but by the following claims, as appropriately construed under the principles of patent law.

Claims

1. 1. A fragrance dispensing device comprising: The fragrance dispensing device comprises: a) a reservoir having an open end, wherein the reservoir contains a quantity of a liquid composition; and b) an effervescent substrate comprising a chemically treated cellulosic material, said effervescent substrate having a first end in contact with the open end of said reservoir and a second end in contact with said liquid composition; Including, wherein the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment for removing at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material; further processing the chemically treated cellulosic material by mechanical hot pressing to increase the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material; Fragrance dispensing device.

2. 10. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the flexibility of the emitting substrate.

3. 10. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose is removed in an amount sufficient to increase the porosity of the emanating substrate.

4. 4. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 3, wherein said increased porosity increases the rate at which said liquid composition is absorbed into said first end of said emanating substrate.

5. 4. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 3, wherein said increased porosity increases the rate of diffusion of said liquid composition into the surrounding environment.

6. 4. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 3, wherein said increased porosity increases the surface area to volume ratio of said emanating substrate.

7. 7. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 6, wherein the increased surface area to volume ratio of the emanating substrate increases the rate at which the liquid composition is absorbed into the first end of the emanating substrate.

8. 7. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 6, wherein the increased surface area to volume ratio of the emanating substrate increases the rate of diffusion of the liquid composition into the surrounding environment.

9. 10. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the further processing increases the density of the chemically treated cellulosic material by a factor of three.

10. 10. The fragrance dispensing device of claim 1, wherein the liquid composition is a composition selected from the group consisting of a fragrance material composition, an insect repellent composition, a deodorant composition, and combinations thereof.

11. 13. A method of delivering a liquid composition to an ambient environment comprising providing a fragrance dispensing device according to claim 1.

12. 1. An exuding substrate comprising a chemically treated and mechanically hot pressed cellulosic material, the exuding substrate having a first end and a second end in contact with a liquid composition, wherein the chemical treatment is a chemical treatment that removes at least one component selected from the group consisting of lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulosic material.

13. 13. A candle comprising the emissive substrate of claim 12 and a meltable fuel in direct contact with the emissive substrate of claim 12.

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