Efficient Dye Removal Using Green-Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) from Vitex Agnus Castus Leaf Extract

Abstract

The study is concerned with synthesizing copper oxide nanoparticles with leaf extract Vitex Agnus-Castus (VAC). The leaf extract VAC is a reduction agent for the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The leaf extract was prepared and then processed in the precipitation using copper salt solutions. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed that the green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are spherical in shape and have a mean particle size of 22 nm. The XRD graph showed the crystalline and monoclinic phases of CuO NPs. The adsorption characteristics of the nano-adsorbents were investigated using Rhodamine B (RhB) as a target model. Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize various process parameters, such as pH solution (A: 3-11), adsorbing dose (B: 0.2-2 g.L-1), Concentration dye (C: 20-80mg.L-1). A second-order polynomial equation was used to calculate the experimental results. In conclusion, we have illustrated an effective and environmentally friendly nano-adsorbent for removing pollutants from waters, which will also be attractive for multifunction applications. Keywords: Green synthesis, CuO, Nanoparticles, Removal dye, Rhodamine blue. BBD, RSM