Carbon Dioxide Level Measurement Device

Abstract

The invention relates to a controlled gas flow carbon dioxide measurement device used in analytical chemistry-based gas analysis studies, which enables quantitative determination of carbon dioxide by numerically measuring the pH change caused by exhaled carbon dioxide gas in a liquid indicator.

Description

1 TARIFF Carbon Dioxide Level Measurement Device Technical Area 5 The invention relates to the quantity of carbon dioxide used in gas analysis studies based on analytical chemistry. It is related to the measuring device. The invention specifically addresses the pH 10 created by exhaled carbon dioxide gas in a liquid indicator. quantitative (amount) measurement of change by numerically measuring it with an optical color sensor. Carbon dioxide testing is performed using a controlled gas flow system that allows for the determination of carbon dioxide levels. It is related to the quantity measuring device. State of the Art 15 Breath carbon dioxide (CO₂) measurement has been used for many years in clinical, laboratory and educational settings. These are carried out in various environments using different methods. In clinical applications, the most common method is... Commonly used systems utilize CO₂'s property of absorbing infrared (IR) light. These are capnograph devices that rely on CO₂ 20 in respiratory gas. It measures the concentration via IR spectrophotometer sensors. Capnographs provide reliable data in critical areas such as anesthesia and intensive care. Although they can provide them, the high cost, complex electronic components, and calibration are significant drawbacks. The sensor has significant disadvantages, such as its need for heat and humidity. Moisture coating on the surfaces or temperature changes negatively affect measurement accuracy. This can have an impact. Furthermore, these devices are limited in terms of portability and are not suitable for education. It is not suitable for low-cost applications for this purpose. Another method used in clinical settings is color change-based intubation using CO₂. These systems use CO₂ detectors with pH indicators impregnated onto a solid film. It causes a color change upon contact. The user can observe the color change visually. 30 It confirms the presence of CO₂ by evaluating it. However, this method is purely qualitative. The intensity or speed of color change cannot be converted into a numerical value. Furthermore... Solid-film structures can experience performance loss due to the moisture contained in breath, and They are not suitable for reuse. Therefore, these detectors are only for short-term use. It is used for verification purposes and is not considered suitable for quantitative CO₂ determination. 35 2 In educational and laboratory settings, the dissolution of CO₂ in water causes a change in pH. The chemical principle it creates is utilized. For this purpose, pH levels such as phenolphthalein are used. Color changes are observed by breathing into slightly basic solutions containing indicators. As reported in the literature, phenolphthalein is pink in color at a pH range of 8.3–10. It is present, but becomes colorless when the pH drops below 8.3. CO₂'s 5 The carbonic acid formed by dissolving in water consumes the hydroxide ions in the solution. It lowers the pH and rapidly changes the color of the indicator: CO₂ (g) + H₂O (l) → H₂CO₃ (aq) H₂CO₃ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → HCO₃⁻ (aq) + H₂O (l) In studies on respiratory physiology, the exhaled air of a healthy adult... containing approximately 4–5% CO₂ and with an average tidal volume of 500–700 mL in a single breath. It is reported that approximately 20–35 mL of CO₂ is released. This amount is slightly basic. It is more than sufficient to lower the pH of phenolphthalein solutions. For example, a single one The amount of CO₂ exhaled with normal breathing is approximately 1.1 mmol. In contrast, 0.01 M NaOH 15 Total amount of hydroxide ions in a 15 mL phenolphthalein solution prepared with It is only 0.15 mmol. Therefore, the CO₂ carried by breath removes OH⁻ ions from the solution. by completely consuming it, it lowers the indicator's pH below the transition range and the solution This causes it to become colorless within a few seconds. This chemical behavior is part of the training. This is a phenomenon that has been observed in experiments for many years. 20 These methods used in laboratory applications reveal the chemical effect of CO₂. Although it can be shown in this way, it is entirely based on visual observation. Color change Quantitative CO₂ determination is not possible because there is no quantitative equivalent. Furthermore... the gas flow is not constant, the blowing intensity varies from person to person and 25 Reproducibility is limited due to the inability to control the reaction. Reagent volume The tube volume is usually chosen to be between 10-15 mL, which allows for the comfortable flow of gas bubbles. For progression, it is kept at around 30-50 mL. These designs are for educational purposes. Although it provides practicality in experiments, it lacks sufficient engineering for device-based systems. It does not offer control. 30 The vast majority of indicators used in current techniques are phenolphthaleins, which The indicator has a limited pH range. Indicators with a wider pH range are recommended. Although it exists in the literature, it has not been widely used in breath CO₂ measurement. This The situation results in limited sensitivity and color change within a narrow range of 35. It causes it to happen. 3 The methods currently used to detect breath-borne CO₂ are generally as follows: dependence on expensive electronic sensors, humidity and temperature changes The effects include qualitative color change and uncontrollable gas flow. The reaction is not reproducible, the indicators have a limited pH range, and quantitative 5 It has significant disadvantages, such as the inability to make measurements. Therefore, the current technique, A low-cost, portable, repeatable, and objective method for measuring breath-derived CO₂. This method does not fully meet the need for quantitative measurement. In the literature review, 10 is given as an example of the known state of the technique. Document number US4728499 can be shown. The document in question concerns gas. detecting CO₂ concentrations of 2% and above in mixtures by rapid color change This relates to a colorimetric indicator device. This device is particularly relevant for endotracheal tubes. It was developed to verify the location of CO₂ and detects its presence for 5–10 seconds. It displays this through color changes. However, this system is only a qualitative indicator. 15 It does not numerically measure the amount of CO₂, but rather the moisture-temperature of the indicator surface. It has limitations, such as being affected by changes. Another example of the prior art is document number CN103926240. This can be shown. The document in question is one of 20 used in medical respiratory diagnostic systems. This invention relates to a carbon dioxide (CO₂) absorption indicator. The invention in question involves a single... A CO₂ absorption indicator used in disposable breath capture cards. It has been defined. The device performs qualitative CO₂ detection based solely on color change. It provides information but does not numerically measure the amount of CO₂. In conclusion, the existence of the above problems and the inadequacy of the current solutions, This has made it necessary to make improvements in the technical field. Purpose of the Invention The present invention eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages and contributes to the relevant technical field. It relates to carbon dioxide measurement devices that offer new advantages. The main purpose of the invention is to analyze exhaled carbon dioxide gas (CO₂) containing a pH indicator. By allowing controlled dissolution of the liquid reactive medium, the chemical reaction proceeds 35 4 a carbon dioxide quantity measurement that makes it possible to achieve a repeatable result The goal is to reveal the device. The invention is a pressure piston-hose that propels breath flow at a constant rate. Thanks to its mechanism, it eliminates sampling errors and increases gas flow by 5 The goal is to develop a standardized carbon dioxide measurement device. Another purpose of the invention is to determine the pH level resulting from the reaction of carbon dioxide gas with water. Instead of evaluating the change only visually, it is converted into numerical data using an optical color sensor. 10 that transform the chemical reaction, making it objective, measurable, and calibratable. The goal is to develop a device for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide. Another objective of the invention is to determine the pH level resulting from the transfer of gaseous CO₂ into a liquid medium. converting its change into a fast, visible and electronically processable optical signal. The aim is to develop a carbon dioxide quantity measuring device with a chemical-optical hybrid structure. 15 Another aim of the invention is to replace the high-cost IR-based systems used in clinical settings. Low-cost, portable capnograph systems suitable for training / laboratory use. The goal is to develop a carbon dioxide measurement device that offers a suitable alternative. Another aim of the invention is to utilize pH-sensitive indicators such as phenol red or phenolphthalein. By taking advantage of its wide pH transition range, it is more sensitive and responds more quickly to CO₂. The goal is to develop a device for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide. Another objective of the invention is to reduce the reagent volume, buffer capacity, and indicator concentration to 25. using a chemically optimized reagent reservoir to remove breath-borne CO₂ a carbon dioxide quantity measuring device that can reliably measure its quantitative effect to reveal. Another objective of the invention is the modular and replaceable cartridge structure (reagent reservoir) 30 Thanks to this, the reactive section can be replaced / removed, while the sensor and housing section can be changed. a hygienic and sustainable amount of carbon dioxide that can be reused The goal is to produce a measuring device. Another objective of the invention is to improve the gas guidance structure, intermediate chamber and internal channel designs. by delivering the breath flow in a controlled manner to the reactive chamber, thus ensuring that each part of the reaction is carried out a carbon dioxide quantity measurement that ensures the same conditions are met in use The goal is to reveal the device. Another objective of the invention is a compact body structure integrated with the optical reading unit, and Practical thanks to its sensor-screen layout that provides instant feedback to the user, 5 a portable and field-use carbon dioxide measurement device has been developed to place. To fulfill all the purposes mentioned above and those that can be derived from the detailed explanation. The invention refers to phenol red 10, used in gas analysis studies based on analytical chemistry. or the amount of carbon dioxide contained in the phenol tank where the phenolphthalein solution is stored measuring device, - located on the phenol tank and dispensing the required amount of reagent from the phenol tank. A piston that conveys the mixture into a replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir). 15 phenol transfer hose, reagent containing pH indicator located inside the phenol tank. the retention of the solution and the gas conveyed through the blowing apparatus with this solution by making contact in the form of bubbles, it allows carbon dioxide to dissolve. replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir), replaceable reaction 20 connected to the cartridge (reagent reservoir) and transmitting the user's breath to the device blowing apparatus replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) reagent The electrode in contact with the solution, according to the signal from the electrode, activates the indicator. converting the color change caused by the effect of carbon dioxide into numerical units. by converting the chemical reaction into a quantitatively measurable opto-electronic system. It is related to the fact that it contains a color sensor that converts it into output. 25 The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention are given in the figures below. And thanks to the detailed explanation written with references to these figures, it becomes clearer. This will be understood as such. Therefore, the evaluation should also include these forms and detailed explanations. This should be done taking this into consideration. 30 Figures that will help understand the invention. Figure 1: Representative view of the internal detail of the carbon dioxide measuring device, which is the subject of the invention. It is the appearance. 35 Figure 2: Representative view of the carbon dioxide measuring device that is the subject of the invention. 6 Explanation of Part References 10. Phenol tank 20. Piston 5 30. Phenol transfer hose 40. Replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) 50. Blower 60. Electrode 70. Color sensor 10 80. Drain tap 90. Device housing Detailed Description of the Invention 15 This detailed description explains the preferred carbon dioxide measuring device that is the subject of the invention. The alternatives suggested were presented solely for the purpose of better understanding the subject and without any It is explained in a way that will not create a limiting effect. Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the carbon dioxide measurement device that is the subject of the invention. 20 It is given. Accordingly, the carbon dioxide measuring device, in its most basic form, is; the device phenol red, located inside the body (90) and used as a pH indicator. The phenol tank (10) in which the phenolphthalein solution is stored, located on the phenol tank (10) and the required amount of reagent from the phenol tank (10) to the replaceable reaction cartridge (40) Piston (20) used to convey (reactive tank), piston (20) in phenol tank (10) 25 phenol transfer hose (30) which transfers the reagent regulated by it to the reagent reservoir, Keeping the reactive solution containing the pH indicator in the phenol tank (10) and The gas transmitted through the blowing apparatus (50) comes into contact with this solution in the form of bubbles. replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent) that enables the dissolution of carbon dioxide. 30 connected to the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40). and the blowing apparatus (50) that transmits the user's breath to the device, with interchangeable reaction. in contact with the reactive solution in the cartridge (reactive reservoir) (40) and the color sensor The connected electrode (60), according to the signal from the electrode (60) the indicator by converting the color change caused by the effect of carbon dioxide into numerical units 7 color that converts a chemical reaction into a quantitatively measurable opto-electronic output sensor (70) used in replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) It includes a drain tap (80) that allows the reactive solution to be drained. The carbon dioxide measurement device subject to the invention consists of a phenol tank (10), a device body (90) 5 phenol red or phenolphthalein, which is included and used as a pH indicator. It is the main reagent tank where the solution is stored. Replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent) (40), pH change by dissolving carbon dioxide gas carried by breath to provide the liquid environment it will create and the chemical reaction zone of the device. It consists of 10. The piston (20) is located on the phenol tank (10). The piston (20) is used to produce phenol. Pour the appropriate amount of reagent from the tank (10) into the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent (40) enables printing. phenol tank (10) with replaceable reaction cartridge (40), phenol transfer hose (30) is connected. The phenol transfer hose (30) is connected by the piston (20). the chemical reagent is directed into a replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) is the connecting line that enables it to reach the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent). The container (40) is detachable from the device body (90). Replaceable 20 When the reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) is attached to the device body (90), it is connected to the gas line. Optical measurement relationship with fluid connection and color sensor (70) automatically Reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) that is assembled and can be replaced after use. (40) The reactive section can be removed from the device body (90). The blowing device (50) is the inlet unit that transmits the user's breath to the device. Breath flow It ensures that the reagent is properly delivered to the device’s reagent reservoir (40). Contact with the reagent solution in the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) electrode (60), reactant 30 in replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) contact with the liquid medium which transmits the color change of the solution to the optical color sensor (70) It is the sensing element. The color sensor (70), which is connected to the electrode (60), is connected to the electrode (60) The indicator's color change caused by the effect of CO₂ is numerically determined according to the incoming signal. by converting chemical reactions into units, an opto-electronic system can quantitatively measure the reaction. It converts it into output. 35 8 The reagent solution used in the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) It can be modified for emptying, replacement, or removal during maintenance. A drain tap (80) is fitted into the reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40). subject drain tap (80), replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) It ensures liquid management during cleaning. 5 The carbon dioxide amount measuring device subject to the invention is the user's blowing apparatus (50) By capturing the exhaled breath, the gas undergoes the necessary chemical reactions for measurement. ensuring controlled, constant flow and repeatable delivery to the region It operates as a gas-chemical-optical conversion system. 10 When the user exhales through the blowing apparatus (50), gas enters the inlet line of the device. It is taken and directly into the replaceable reaction cartridge containing the phenolic reagent. (reagent reservoir) (40) is transmitted. Gaseous carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the blower emits phenol red or It reacts with water by dissolving in a reactive solution containing reagents such as phenolphthalein. and forms carbonic acid. This chemical transformation lowers the pH of the solution and It changes the color of the indicator. Color change in the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40), electrode (60) integrated into replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) The electrode (60) transmits the liquid to the optical reading area, namely the color sensor (70). The optical signal is stable and accurate as the sensing element in contact with the environment. It enables the transfer to the sensor. The color sensor (70) detects carbon dioxide (CO₂) 25 of the indicator. By converting the color change it produces into numerical units, the chemical It converts the reaction into a quantitatively measurable opto-electronic output. Post-use drainage of the reactive solution or cartridge, i.e., replaceable reaction cartridge. When the cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) needs to be changed, replaceable reaction 30 The liquid in the cartridge (reactive reservoir) (40) is controlled via the drain tap (80). It is emptied in this way. The carbon dioxide measuring device described in the invention measures exhaled carbon dioxide into liquid form. The pH change it creates in the reactant is controlled by gas flow, chemical reaction, and optical 35 by passing through the steps of perception and numerical data generation, for clinical and educational purposes. 9 It provides usable quantitative carbon dioxide measurement. Thus, the device can be used in clinical settings. Low cost compared to the high-cost IR-based capnograph systems currently in use. A portable chemical-optical alternative suitable for educational / laboratory use. presents.

Claims

REQUESTS 1. Used in analytical chemistry-based gas analysis studies and the instrument housing. (90) phenol red or 5 which is included in and used as a pH indicator containing phenol tank (10) in which phenolphthalein and similar solution are stored It is a carbon dioxide measuring device; its feature is: - located on the phenol tank (10) and the reactive solution can be changed The piston (20) that presses into the reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40), - the reactant regulated by the piston (20) in the phenol tank (10), 10 phenol transferred to the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) transfer hose (30), - can be attached to and removed from the device body (90) and inside the phenol tank (10) the retention of the reactive solution containing the pH indicator and phenol The gas conveyed through the transfer hose (30) bubbles with this solution 15 by coming into contact with it, it allows carbon dioxide to dissolve. replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40), - connected to the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) and the blowing apparatus (50) that transmits the user’s breath to the device, - 20 reagents in the replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) electrode in contact with solution (60), - the indicator's carbon dioxide effect according to the signal from the electrode (60) by converting the color change it produces into numerical units, the chemical converting the reaction into a quantitatively measurable opto-electronic output It contains a color sensor (70). 25 2. A carbon dioxide measurement device conforming to Claim 1, whose characteristics are: located on the aforementioned replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) used in field and replaceable reaction cartridge (reagent reservoir) (40) It includes a drain tap (80) that allows the reactive solution to be drained. 30

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