BIOLOGICAL PHAGE-AEROSOL BUFFER SYSTEM FOR UNDERGROUND HYDROGEN STORAGE RESERVOIRS

Abstract

The invention is a biological-based phage-aerosol buffer system consisting of a genetically engineered bacteriophage cocktail that targets and selectively destroys only the harmful bacterial species stored in porous subsurface geological formations such as depleted gas fields or aquifers, and a carrier gas that enables the aerosolized transport of this cocktail and its penetration into the micropores of the subsurface formation. The aim of this system is to prevent the consumption of hydrogen and hydrogen-natural gas mixtures (HBNG) by methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the reservoir and the formation of toxic / corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas produced by these bacteria.

Description

1 TARIFF BIOLOGICAL PHAGE-AEROSOL FOR UNDERGROUND HYDROGEN STORAGE RESERVOIRS BUFFER SYSTEM TECHNICAL AREA 5 The invention is located in porous subsurface geological formations such as depleted gas fields or aquifers. stored hydrogen and hydrogen-natural gas mixtures (HBNG), methanogenic in the reservoir and consumption by sulfate-reducing bacteria and the toxic / corrosive substances produced by these bacteria To prevent the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas, only these harmful bacteria a genetically engineered 10 that targets and selectively destroys certain species by infecting them. with a bacteriophage cocktail and the transport of this cocktail in aerosolized form and underground consisting of a carrier gas that allows it to penetrate the micropores of the formation, It is a biologically based phage-aerosol buffer system. The invention is particularly relevant to energy storage, geophysical infrastructure management, and industrial biotechnology. In these areas, hydrogen and HBNG can be safely and efficiently used in porous underground rock formations. It offers an innovative biological buffer system for storing existing materials. In technology, microbial rancidity and hydrogen depletion occur in storage reservoirs. Glutaraldehyde, quaternary, is used to reduce sulfate and inhibit the activity of methanogenic bacteria. Broad-spectrum, aggressive liquid chemical biocides such as ammonium compounds (QACs) or THPS20 These chemical solutions are used because they cannot achieve homogeneous distribution within the reservoir, targeting... disrupting the ecological balance by destroying external microorganisms, geochemical changes in the cap rock damage to stability, inability to penetrate biofilm layers, and microbial resistance over time. It has serious technical and environmental problems, such as hindering its development. This is the subject of this invention. The system is designed to eliminate all of these aforementioned technical problems and is based on 25 principles. It consists of two main components: First, specific bacteria in the reservoir that consume hydrogen. targeting the strains, infecting them, and breaking them down at the cellular level, with a precise selectivity. The first is a genetically selected cocktail of bacteriophages; the second is that these phages remain in the liquid phase. by eliminating the hydrodynamic constraints and gravitational effects they would encounter in that situation, They were delivered as a fine mist to the most remote, narrowest micro-pores and cracks of the reservoir. 30 It is a distribution medium consisting of an inert carrier gas that can carry the gas. The combination of these two main elements, It forms a phage-aerosol buffer system; this system is in harmony with the mineralogical structure of the underground formation. biofilms are formed by targeting their biological targets without undergoing any chemical reactions. It physically prevents its formation, stops hydrogen losses, and inhibits the production of corrosive H₂S gas. It protects storage integrity by destroying it at the source. 35 2 PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE The storage of HBNG in underground geological formations is attracting increasing interest in the energy sector. technology, the operational life and safety of these storage facilities, within the reservoir It depends on controlling microbial activity. In current technology, depleted gas fields or aquifers 5 HBNG stored in porous rock formations such as these is found in the natural flora of the reservoir. consumption by methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria and this bacterial metabolism The production of methane, resulting in highly toxic and corrosive H₂S gas, is a serious technical matter. This presents a problem. This microbial activity is not only present in the stored HBNG. This not only leads to a loss of energy content and a decrease in efficiency, but also to the production of H₂S 10 gas causes severe corrosion in both underground and aboveground metallic infrastructure equipment. This threatens operational safety and also incurs additional costs for purifying the extracted gas. This negatively impacts the economic sustainability of the facility. Overcoming this problem... The most common solution known in the field for this purpose is glutaraldehyde, quaternary ammonium compounds, or Broad-spectrum, aggressive liquid chemical biocides such as tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate 15 It is based on the principle of injecting large volumes into the underground formation. This Chemicals physically and chemically alter the cell walls of all microorganisms they come into contact with. They perform their functions by breaking down or halting metabolic reactions. However, this the approach improves the efficiency, safety and sustainability of underground HBNG storage processes It also brings with it serious technical problems that pose a threat. 20 Liquid chemical biocides are stored in complex, winding underground storage facilities. homogeneously within its hydro-geological structure consisting of microscopic porous rock networks It is physically impossible for them to disperse. The liquid chemicals sink to the depths and narrow spaces of the reservoir. It cannot penetrate the capillary pores, which allows bacteria within the reservoir to consume the HBNG. and can lead to the formation of unprotected isolated areas where toxic H₂S can continue to be produced. Furthermore, these chemical biocides are not selective; they target all microbial organisms they encounter. They decimate the population, and this irreversibly disrupts the natural microbial balance of the reservoir. This is causing significant damage. More importantly, the reactive nature of these chemicals is affecting the mineralogical structure of the reservoir. interacting with its structure, the geochemical properties of the cap rock, which especially provides impermeability, 30 deterioration of its stability over time and jeopardization of the reservoir's gas retention integrity This carries the risk of causing damage. Hydrogen-consuming bacteria in underground conditions can expose themselves to external forces. They form thick and sticky biofilm layers to protect against pathogens; liquid chemicals... It is insufficient to penetrate the dense polymeric matrix structure, and over time, microbial populations emerge. by developing resistance to the applied chemicals, the system can be used in continuously increasing volumes and more 35 This forces the pumping of high concentrations of biocides, which is operational. This significantly increases costs. In addition, tons of highly toxic liquids... 3 Injecting chemicals into the groundwater can cause irreversible damage to underground freshwater aquifers in the event of a leak. This creates a very serious environmental hazard, such as pollution, and this situation makes current methods impossible. Solutions that are diametrically opposed to the concept of green energy storage and pose high ecological risks. This is due to the fact that some chemical biocides themselves or their decomposition underground... Due to their aggressive chemical structure, these products are directly used in HBNG injection and extraction infrastructures. This can lead to chemical corrosion. This invention addresses all these critical and very important issues in current technology. Technical problems in this area include genetically engineered methods that target only specific bacterial strains that consume HBNG. Selected bacteriophage cocktails are aerosolized with a carrier gas and then applied to porous underground environments. by offering a biological buffer system based on the principle of injection into a rock reservoir It aims to eliminate the effects of chemical biocides. Thanks to this system, 10 While all negative impacts are eliminated, the mineralogical integrity, ecological balance and of the reservoir are preserved. Operational security is maintained at the highest level. Patent document number WO2015093957A2 describes the target bacteria of a room or environment. 15 A method for using vaporized bacteriophages to eliminate species It is mentioned that the invention involves identifying the types of bacteria present in the environment to be disinfected. Preparing a disinfectant that contains at least one bacteriophage capable of replicating in bacterial species, this the disinfectant is released into the room as an aerosol with an average droplet diameter of 0.2 to 40 micrometers. the steps are to spray and incubate the room with this aerosol for at least 1 minute. It includes. The invention also describes the homogeneous distribution of aerosolized disinfectant within a room. This also includes the use of ventilation systems to provide this. Different from the present invention. In this document, bacteriophages are used to directly disinfect the air in an enclosed environment. It is used for hydrogen storage in any porous underground geological formation. or there is no application area such as preventing microbial souring. Furthermore, the current In the invention, bacteriophages are injected into the reservoir in aerosol form, affecting 25% of the underground rock formation. While phages are enabled to penetrate to great depths, in this document they are only found in the surface air. It is used for disinfection and by diffusion of carrier gas into underground pores. It does not involve a mechanism. Patent document CN119896757A describes area 30 based on a phage aerosol preparation. The disinfection method is discussed. The invention relates to the storage of phage aerosol preparations. Locating the source of pollution, emptying the storage device, dismantling the device, pre-disinfection of the device, secondary disinfection of the device, and storage of the device. It includes the installation steps. The method is particularly suitable for surfaces and equipment in enclosed spaces. It focuses on disinfection. Unlike the current invention, this document uses phage aerosol 35 not underground geological formations, but directly on equipment and surfaces inside enclosed spaces It is aimed at disinfection and reducing microbial activity in hydrogen storage reservoirs. 4 It does not include an objective such as control. In the present invention, the phage cocktail is aerosolized with a carrier gas. While in other countries, phage aerosol is only found on the surface when applied to underground rock pores, as described in this document. It is used for disinfection of applications and equipment. Patent document number RU2080384C1 describes a substance that exhibits activity against salmonellosis and has 5 components. The invention refers to a strain of Salmonella bacteriophage resistant to bacteriostatics. The invention concerns waste. The Bacteriophagum salmonellae strain isolated from the water and stored under the code "SF-17", this The strain showed lytic activity against all 5 groups of salmonella and was effective against metacid, ampicillin, and quinazol. It explains that it is resistant to bacteriostatic agents such as those mentioned. The preparation contains 10¹⁰-10¹¹ phages per ml. The particle is formulated to contain 0.1–2.5 mg of bacteriostatic agent and the remainder is aminopeptide. 10 and can be used as an aerosol, orally or in combination. Unlike the present invention, This document describes a specific phage strain and a particular type of bacteria (Salmonella) that is effective against a single species. A bacteriostatic combination has been developed for underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. such as selectively targeting methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria encountered. There is no approach. The present invention is a phage cocktail targeting multiple bacterial strains and 15 Prevention of microbial fermentation in underground formations using an aerosol carrier gas system. While other documents may be intended for this purpose, this document presents a protective preparation against a single pathogen. Patent document number CN207866669U describes a respiratory filter for bacterial and viral filtration. The invention refers to a testing device for efficiency. The invention consists of a box body, and 20 devices located inside this body. an aerosol chamber, a test tube, a primary Anderson sampler, and a sealed sensing chamber It includes a clamp located on the side wall of the can body that secures the aerosol chamber to the can. the first outlet tube is attached to the bottom of the aerosol chamber, securing it to the middle of the body. It is connected to the upper end of the sensing chamber, and the input connection of the first Anderson sampler is... It is connected to the lower end of the sensing chamber. The device sucks in the air passing through the mask to be tested, 25 This directs the sample to the Anderson sampler, thus assessing the mask's bacterial retention performance. It enables visual and accurate detection. Unlike the current invention, this In the document, phage aerosol is used as a test parameter, and underground reservoirs... There is no application area such as biological treatment. The present invention concerns the underground treatment of phage aerosol. By penetrating porous structures, it enables the targeting of hydrogen-consuming bacteria, while these 30 In the document, phage particles are used solely to measure the performance of filter materials. It is used. Patent document CN108676779A describes air purification products that kill phages in the air. A method for determining performance is described. The invention involves fresh phage stock 35. Solution preparation and efficacy determination, equalization and purification of test chamber and empty chamber conditions. placing the product in the test chamber, spraying the phage virus dilute solution in aerosol form, and Mix for 2-5 minutes and let stand for 2-5 minutes, then collect initial samples from the test chamber and the empty chamber. Collecting and culturing samples remaining after the treatment product has been processed to observe natural degradation. The method includes steps to calculate the purification efficiency using the ratio. The method is suitable for a wide variety of phage hosts. It can be applied to bacteria and objectively evaluated taking into account the natural rate of decrease. Unlike the existing invention, in this document phage aerosol is presented as a test and measurement tool. 5 It is used as such, and microbial activity in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs It does not aim at controlling such substances. The present invention activates the phage aerosol. When used as a biological treatment agent, phages are described in this document as a passive test substance. is being evaluated. Patent document number CN212473026U describes a device used to disinfect the air inside a vehicle. The invention refers to a portable aerosol air disinfection device. The invention is a combination of two separate devices. It consists of an articulated liquid storage tank, a control tank, and a spray tank. It has a segmented structure. The device dispenses antibacterial disinfectant liquid as a negative ion aerosol. By transforming them into this state, they remain suspended in the air, and these negative ions are present in the air and 15 It neutralizes bacteria, viruses, and fungi on surfaces through oxidation. The device is 10 Within seconds, harmful organisms including E. coli, S. aureus, tuberculosis bacilli, V. cholerae, Salmonella, and phages are eliminated. It is capable of destroying the cell membrane proteins of microorganisms. Unlike the current invention, This document describes an aerosol device for surface and air disinfection in a closed vehicle interior. It is used in underground geological formations for HBNG storage and microbial souring. There is no application area such as prevention. In the present invention, the phage cocktail is combined with a carrier gas. While being aerosolized in a way that penetrates underground pores, the disinfectant in this document The liquid is being aerosolized, and the target environment is completely different. Patent document number CN113427976A describes a portable in-vehicle aerosol air disinfection system. The device and system are described. The invention is an interconnectable liquid storage tank. It offers a divided structure consisting of a control chamber and a spray chamber, and is antibacterial. It transforms the disinfectant liquid into a negative ion aerosol, causing it to remain suspended in the air. Negative ions neutralize microorganisms in the air and on surfaces through oxidation. By bringing them in, in as little as 10 seconds, E. coli, S. aureus, tuberculosis bacilli, V. cholerae, 30 It destroys the cell membrane proteins of harmful microorganisms, including salmonella and phages. It is able to. Unlike the existing invention, in this document the aerosol device is used in enclosed vehicles. It is used for air disinfection in the environment, and HBNG in underground geological formations. There is no application area such as storage and prevention of microbial souring. Currently... In the invention, the phage cocktail is aerosolized with a carrier gas to penetrate underground pores. 35 While this is being done, this document deals with the aerosolization of disinfectant liquid and the target The environment in which it was received is completely different. 6 Patent document number CN116585465A describes a COVID vaccine for aerosol inhalation and this The method of preparing the vaccine is described. The invention involves the SP signal peptide nucleic acid sequence, S protein nucleic acid sequence, Tri T4 phage fibrinogen folding region nucleic acid sequence, Linker nucleic acid acid sequence, Fc antibody constant region nucleic acid sequence and N nucleocapsid protein nucleic acid 5 a recombinant protein obtained by serial linking of modules consisting of a sequence It contains the S protein as well as the conserved nucleocapsid protein, thus protecting against the virus. It provides protection against mutations and targets the respiratory tract mucosa via FcRn. It enhances immune activity by taking phages. Unlike the current invention, this document describes phages. The protein is used as a structural element in vaccine development, and underground hydrogen storage 10 It is not intended for purposes such as controlling microbial activity in reservoirs. The present invention, While phages are used directly as lytic agents, in this document phage-derived proteins are used as immunogenic agents. It is used to create structures. Patent document CN111505259A describes a virus found in the passenger compartment of a high-speed train. The text describes a test method and system that simulates the inactivation of a target phage. Preparing the suspension and diluting it into an aerosol-forming liquid, then disposing of it inside the passenger compartment. Aerosol generation involves sampling the air within the compartment to determine the target phage colony per unit volume. determining the number, filtering and sterilizing the air, sampling the air after sterilization It includes steps for determining the colony size and calculating the inactivation rate. The method is 20 Air purification by studying the behavior of virus-carrying microparticles inside the passenger compartment. It aims to provide scientific guidance to their strategies. Unlike the current invention, this The document describes the use of phage aerosol as a test and simulation tool, and underground hydrogen. one of the aims is to control microbial activity in storage reservoirs. It does not carry. The present invention utilizes phage aerosol as an active biological treatment agent, while 25 In this document, phages are considered as a passive test substance. In patent document number RU2015112650A, during the formation period of organized collectives... a method for preventing acute respiratory diseases and tonsillitis of bacterial etiology It is mentioned that the invention provided collective members with 30-30 servings of breakfast and dinner during the pandemic season. 1.5-2 ml of oropharyngeal streptococcal phage preparation or pyobacteriophage 60 minutes before or after. The method involves the application of the preparation as an aerosol. The method is for the upper respiratory tract. It aims to reduce the seasonal incidence of infections. Different from the current invention. As such, in this document, phage aerosol is applied to the human respiratory tract and underground geological formations. One application area in their formations is HBNG storage and prevention of microbial souring. 35 It is not available. The present invention allows phage aerosol to penetrate deep into underground reservoirs. 7 While phages are injected with a carrier gas in such a way as to directly infect humans, this document states that phages are injected directly into humans. It is applied locally to the mucous membrane. Patent document number US6423299B1 describes a treatment for a bacterial upper respiratory tract infection. The invention refers to an aerosol composition used for... (The sentence is incomplete and unclear in the original Turkish) For application as an aerosol to the nasal passages, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus selected respiratory tract infections caused by influenzae, Group A Streptococcus, and combinations thereof. the effective amount of at least one lytic enzyme encoded by a specific phage in bacteria and this It contains a carrier to transport the enzyme. This lytic enzyme penetrates the cell wall of the target bacterium. It has the ability to digest. Unlike the current invention, this document describes a phage-derived lytic 10. Enzymes are used directly to treat bacterial infections in the human respiratory tract, An application area is the control of microbial activity in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. It is not available. The present invention involves aerosolizing live bacteriophages into underground porous surfaces. While it is based on the principle of injecting phage-derived enzymatic agents into formations, this document describes phage-derived enzymatic agents. Proteins are used. 15 Patent document number CN110694060A describes the preparation of a cocktail immune booster and The text discusses its application in the prevention and treatment of African swine fever virus. The invention involves a phage solution with an immune-boosting effect and another substance with an immune-boosting effect. It contains an immune booster made up of a cocktail of various sugar components. Faj 20 The solution is converted into a spray form and sprayed in the pigsty, and the pigs are exposed to the aerosol. Mucosal immunity is acquired by inhaling the particles. Different from the current invention. In this document, phage aerosol is used to induce mucosal immunity and viral infections in animals. It is used to prevent infection in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. It does not aim at controlling microbial activity. The present invention directly targets phages in lytic 25 When used as an agent, phages function as immunomodulators in this document. Patent document number WO2023154695A1 describes an antiviral for gas phase filtration applications. The invention refers to granular activated carbon. It is used to detect viral, bacterial, or other odors from the air. We offer activated carbon compositions for the removal of infectious particles, and these active 30 Carbon has been found to be effective in filtering aerosolized phage particles. The composition, home... applied as barrier material in filters, masks or other coating materials It aims to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Unlike the current invention, this The document states that phage particles are used to test the performance of the filter material, One objective is to control microbial activity in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. 35 It does not carry. The present invention utilizes phage aerosol as an active biological treatment agent, In this document, phages are considered as a passive test and measurement agent. 8 Patent document CN1472331A describes an air purification device for virus removal. A method for measuring its effect is described. The invention concerns central air conditioning, multiple purification systems, and... The disinfection system uses a test platform, and the fully enclosed air created by this platform... Biological aerosol simulation by dispersing phage droplets or powders in a circulation system 5 The device performs this by passing the aerosol through a tested purification device at a specific air velocity. It determines the purification efficiency by measuring the phage numbers at the inlet and outlet. From the current invention... In contrast, in this document, phage aerosol is used as a test medium, and underground hydrogen is used. one of the aims is to control microbial activity in storage reservoirs. It does not carry. The present invention utilizes phage aerosol as an active biological treatment agent, while 10 In this document, phages are considered as a passive test substance. Patent document number NZ518058A describes the use of patents for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of various diseases. The invention refers to bacterial phage-associated lytic enzymes. It is related to Group A Streptococcus and Group C. A Streptococcus-specific C1 phage selected from a group consisting of Streptococcus and Group E Streptococcus 15 the effective amount of at least one enzyme genetically encoded by the body, and the production of this enzyme in the nose, throat or to be delivered into the nasal passage: candy, gum, lozenge, tablet, powder, aerosol, liquid, liquid spray, nasal It contains a carrier selected from sprays and nasal ointments. The enzyme breaks down the Streptococcus cell wall. It has the ability to digest food, and also causes tooth decay, skin infections, and digestive system problems. Various formulations for the treatment of infections and vaginal infections are also described. 20 Unlike the current invention, this document describes phage-derived lytic enzymes in various forms in humans. It is used for the treatment of infections and in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. There is no application area such as the control of microbial activity. The present invention applies to living organisms. based on the principle of aerosolizing bacteriophages and injecting them into porous underground formations. While relying on phage-derived enzymatic proteins, this document utilizes phage-derived enzymatic proteins. 25 Patent document number RU2244747C2 describes the prevention and treatment of colibacillosis in animals. The invention refers to a bacteriophage-based biological preparation. It is a lung aerosol form. the application of phage particles to compartments, their application as therapeutic bait, and It includes methods involving its use as a feed additive. The preparation, 30 It has been developed for the control of Escherichia coli-induced infections in animals. Currently available. Unlike the invention, this document describes a phage aerosol used in animals that targets a specific bacterial species. It is used for the treatment of infection and in underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. It does not aim at controlling microbial activity. The present invention uses phage aerosol. injected with carrier gas to penetrate deep into underground porous formations 35 However, in this document, phages enter the animal's respiratory or digestive system. is being implemented. 9 Studies have shown that during HBNG deposition in underground geological formations... In order to solve the problems of microbial activity encountered, known techniques in the field... The approaches are mostly focused on the disinfection of indoor air and respiratory tract using bacteriophages. treatment of infections, surface and equipment sterilization, and test and measurement systems. It appears that the focus is on the use of bacteriophages in aerosols. Current patent documents show that... Although various solutions have been offered for its implementation in this form, none of these solutions Methanogenic and sulfate-like substances are produced during hydrogen storage in porous subsurface rock formations. It has been found that it does not address the problem of microbial souring caused by reducing bacteria. In known systems, bacteriophages are used either for air disinfection in enclosed spaces or for other purposes. used either in the treatment of respiratory tract infections or in the form of lytic enzymes. particle retention performance is applied or tested in various filtration and testing systems. It functions as an indicator tool for measurement. None of these approaches, underground hydro- reservoirs consist of complex, winding, and microscopic porous rock networks. Within its geological structure, selective targeting of specific bacterial strains that consume hydrogen and A critical technique such as neutralizing the thick biofilm layers formed by these strains 15 It is not aimed at solving the problem. Moreover, none of these known applications in technology, Bacteriophages are aerosolized with a carrier gas and released into the narrowest part of a porous subsurface formation. a distribution mechanism that will allow it to penetrate into the capillary pores and depths This is not the case, which means that existing systems do not provide effective biological treatment in underground storage sites. This prevents it from being provided. On the other hand, in the current technology, underground hydrogen 20 broad-spectrum agents used to control microbial activity in storage. Chemical biocides are not selective; they interact with the mineralogical structure of the reservoir. They disrupt the geochemical stability of the cap rock, they cannot penetrate biofilm layers, and They create serious technical problems, such as causing the development of microbial resistance over time. It is known that this invention eliminates all these shortcomings and problems in technology. 25 genetically engineered bacteria that target only methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the reservoir. a cocktail of selected bacteriophages is aerosolized with an inert carrier gas and then transported underground. It offers a biological buffer system that is injected into a porous rock reservoir. In the invention, when the phage cocktail is applied to the reservoir in aerosol form together with the carrier gas, the liquid Penetration by gas diffusion into the narrowest pores and depths that chemical biocides cannot reach. 30 It is able to break down target bacteria at the cellular level, thereby preventing biofilm formation. It prevents, stops hydrogen consumption and eliminates the production of corrosive H₂S gas at the source. This method ensures the mineralogical integrity, ecological balance, and operational efficiency of the reservoir. eliminating all the negative effects caused by chemical biocides without compromising safety This provides superior protection in underground HBNG storage processes. 35 Ultimately, the problems mentioned above, which cannot be solved with the current technology, are related to the technical aspects. This has made it necessary to make an innovation in the field. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a 5-fold improvement developed to eliminate the technical shortcomings mentioned above. This relates to a biological phage-aerosol buffer system for underground hydrogen storage reservoirs. The main purpose of the invention is to investigate methanogenic processes during HBNG deposition in underground geological formations. and microbial hydrogen consumption caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria and consequently the problem of developing H₂S gas production affects the mineralogical integrity and ecological balance of the reservoir The goal is to eliminate the phage without causing harm. To this end, phage-aerosol buffer 10 has been developed. Thanks to this system, only specific bacterial strains that consume hydrogen are selectively targeted. and thus cap rock degradation, reservoir pollution, and caused by chemical biocides. All negative side effects, such as the elimination of non-target microorganisms, are eliminated. Another objective of the invention is to homogenize liquid chemical biocides in porous subsurface formations. The goal is to overcome the dispersal problem. Bacteriophages aerosolized with carrier gas, gas diffusion 15 with the principle of reaching the narrowest capillary pores that liquids cannot reach and the deepest points of the reservoir It can penetrate that far, thus ensuring an even and uninterrupted flow throughout the entire underground formation. Protection is provided. Another aim of the invention is to prevent microbial populations from developing resistance to the applied agents. The aim is to prevent. The mechanism by which bacteriophages infect and multiply target bacteria and cause lysis is 20 By breaking down bacteria, it allows for the injection of continuously increasing doses of chemicals. This eliminates the need for such services and ensures operational continuity and cost effectiveness. Another aim of the invention is to completely eliminate the risk of chemical contamination of underground freshwater aquifers. The goal is to remove it. Unlike liquid chemical biocides, the phage-aerosol system is entirely biologically based. It leaves no toxic residue and contributes to the protection of groundwater resources. 25 It offers a solution fully aligned with the vision of green energy storage. Another aim of the invention is to address the underground and aboveground metallic infrastructure caused by H₂S gas. The goal is to prevent corrosion at its source. Elimination of target bacteria through selective lysis, biofilm... By preventing the formation of microbial souring and halting the process, injection wells, The corrosion protection life of critical equipment such as pipelines and valves is significantly extended. 30 Another aim of the invention is that it can be easily integrated into existing underground hydrogen storage facilities. A solution that does not create operational complexity and does not require changes to the existing infrastructure. 11 The aim is to present an aerosol injection system that can be easily adapted to HBNG injection lines. Thanks to its adaptability and the flexibility of pre-treatment or simultaneous application, it offers advantages for plant operators. A practical and applicable technology is provided. Another aim of the invention is to reduce the energy content of stored HBNG due to microbial consumption. The goal is to maximize storage efficiency by preventing loss. Hydrogen is produced by bacteria in 5 storing the extracted gas in the reservoir without consuming it reduces purification costs. This reduces costs and directly contributes to the economic sustainability of the facility. Another aim of the invention is to target different geological environments, especially depleted gas fields and aquifers. It can be applied in formations, regardless of the geochemical and physical properties of the reservoir. The aim is to offer a universal biological protection mechanism. The phage cocktail targets 10 bacterial strains. Thanks to its specific selectivity, it can work effectively in all types of porous underground formations. A flexible and adaptable system is provided. All the purposes mentioned above and those that will emerge from the detailed explanation below. The present invention is designed to perform this function in porous underground environments such as depleted gas fields or aquifers. During HBNG deposition in geological formations, methanogenic and sulfate 15 in the reservoir microbial hydrogen consumption and H₂S gas production caused by reducing bacteria This relates to a Phage Aerosol Tampon System used to prevent this. The system in question; The porous structure in which HBNG is stored and which contains methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. possessing at least one Subsurface Geological Formation, the aforementioned Subsurface Geological Formation It contains 20 methanogenic and sulfate-reducing compounds that form biofilms by consuming hydrogen. A target microorganism population consisting of bacteria, the aforementioned target Only the aforementioned methanogenic and sulfate microorganisms are present within the microorganism population. genetically engineered bacteria that selectively infect and destroy reducing bacteria A Bacteriophage Cocktail, the aforementioned Bacteriophage Cocktail in aerosol form. 25 used to transport and distribute into the pores of the subsurface geological formation. a Carrier Gas, a combination of the aforementioned Bacteriophage Cocktail and the aforementioned Carrier Gas formed and large enough to penetrate the pores of the aforementioned Underground Geological Formation. A phage-aerosol composition containing droplets and the aforementioned phage-aerosol composition. to deliver the aforementioned carrier gas to the mentioned underground geological formation. It includes a pressurized aerosol injection device. 30 The best way to utilize the advantages of the existing invention, together with its structure and additional elements. For it to be understood, it must be considered together with the figures explained below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 35 12 Figure 1: Adaptive electromagnetic for variable ratio hydrogen and natural gas mixtures. This is a schematic view of the burner system. REFERENCE NUMBERS 1. Underground Geological Formation 5 2. Target Microorganism Population 3. Bacteriophage Cocktail 4. Carrier Gas 5. Phage-Aerosol Composition 6. Aerosol Injection Device 10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This detailed explanation focuses solely on the innovation in the invention to provide a better understanding of the subject matter. This is conveyed without being limited to examples. Accordingly, in the following explanations and figures, Adaptive electromagnetic burner system for variable ratio hydrogen and natural gas mixtures 15 It is explained. Figure 1 shows an adaptive electromagnetic burner for variable ratio hydrogen and natural gas mixtures. This is a schematic view of the system. Accordingly, the system is: • A porous 20-degree tray containing HBNG and methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. At least one Underground Geological Formation with a structure (1), • Located within the mentioned Underground Geological Formation (1) and consuming hydrogen A target consisting of biofilm-forming methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Microorganism Population (2), • Only 25 included in the mentioned Target Microorganism Population (2) selectively infecting the aforementioned methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria A genetically engineered Bacteriophage Cocktail that degrades (3), • The mentioned Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) in aerosol form is mentioned in the Underground Geological A carrier used to transport and distribute into the pores of its formation (1). Gas (4), 30 • A combination of the aforementioned Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) and the aforementioned Carrier Gas (4) formed and penetrated into the pores of the mentioned Underground Geological Formation (1). A Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) containing droplets of a size that can be produced and • The aforementioned Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) to the aforementioned Underground Geological Formation (1) to deliver an Aerosol 35 pressurized with the aforementioned Carrier Gas (4). Injection Device (6) 13 It includes. The invention concerns a phage-aerosol buffer system for underground hydrogen storage, Subsurface Geology. Target Microorganism Population during HBNG deposition within Formation (1) Microbial 5 caused by methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria, defined as (2). A biological containment method developed to prevent hydrogen consumption and H₂S gas production. Its mechanism and working principle are based on the selective lytic activity of bacteriophages and aerosol delivery. It is based on technology. The system is based on the porous structure of the Underground Geological Formation (1). by consuming naturally occurring or injected HBNG as a result of metabolic activities Target Microorganism Population (2) that forms biofilm and produces corrosive H₂S gas 10 It is initiated by detecting the presence of the Target Microorganism Population (2). After their identification, only the aforementioned methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria were selectively targeted. Genetically engineered Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) targeting, with Carrier Gas (4) Combined to form the Phage-Aerosol Composition (5). Aerosol Injection Device (6), By pressurizing with the mentioned Carrier Gas (4), Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) Underground 15 It injects into the Geological Formation (1) and during this injection process Carrier Gas (4), Phage- The Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) in the Aerosol Composition (5) is released into the Underground in the form of droplets. By gas diffusion into the narrowest capillary pores and depths of the Geological Formation (1). It ensures the transport and homogeneous distribution of the Underground Geological with Aerosol Injection Device (6). Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) transmitted to Formation (1) indicates that the porous 20 of the mentioned formation By spreading through diffusion within its structure, it makes contact with the Target Microorganism Population (2). genetically engineered bacteriophages in Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) target The methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria that make up the Microorganism Population (2) It binds to and infects these bacteria by recognizing specific receptors on their cell surface. Following infection, bacteriophages enter the Target Microorganism Population (2) of 25 It multiplies inside bacterial cells and breaks down bacterial cell walls through a lysis mechanism. Thus, the methanogenic and sulfate-reducing microorganisms that make up the Target Microorganism Population (2) It selectively eliminates bacteria. Thanks to this selective lysis process, the target microorganism is targeted. The hydrogen consumption of Population (2) is stopped, biofilm formation is prevented and the aforementioned The production of H₂S gas, which is formed as a result of the metabolic activities of bacteria, is interrupted at the source. Also, Faj-30 Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) in Aerosol Composition (5), Underground Geological Formation (1) After cleaning the Target Microorganism Population (2) inside, naturally It breaks down and disappears without leaving any toxic residue, thus preventing the formation of subsurface geological deposits. Mineralogical integrity of Formation (1), geochemical stability of the cap rock and A safe and sustainable HBNG storage environment while preserving the ecological balance of the formation 35 It is provided.

Claims

14 REQUESTS 1. Adaptive electromagnetic burner for variable ratio hydrogen and natural gas mixtures. its feature is that it is a system • A porous container where HBNG is stored and which contains methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. at least one Underground Geological Formation with a structure (1), 5 • Located within the mentioned Underground Geological Formation (1) and consuming hydrogen A target consisting of biofilm-forming methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Microorganism Population (2), • Only those included in the mentioned Target Microorganism Population (2) and selectively infect the aforementioned methanogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria and 10 A genetically engineered Bacteriophage Cocktail that degrades (3), • The mentioned Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) in aerosol form is mentioned in the Underground Geological A carrier used to transport and distribute into the pores of its formation (1). Gas (4), • A combination of the aforementioned Bacteriophage Cocktail (3) and the aforementioned Carrier Gas (4) 15 formed and penetrated into the pores of the mentioned Underground Geological Formation (1). A Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) containing droplets of a size that can be produced and • The aforementioned Phage-Aerosol Composition (5) to the aforementioned Underground Geological Formation (1) to deliver an Aerosol pressurized with the aforementioned Carrier Gas (4). Injection Device (6) 20 It is characterized by its inclusion. 30 35

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