Afforestation method by tree seed ball aerial seeding under natural precipitation condition

Abstract

An afforestation method by tree seed ball aerial seeding under a natural precipitation condition, comprising raw material preparation, raw material treatment, granulation, drying, screening and aerial seeding. The raw material preparation comprises preparation of tree seed ball raw materials and preparation of seed raw materials; the preparation of tree seed ball raw materials comprises preparing, in parts by volume, 30-35 parts of red clay, 65-70 parts of coco coir, and 0-5 parts of an organic matrix; the preparation of seed raw materials comprises: in light of a local environment, selecting six local seeds, comprising two arbor seeds, two shrub seeds and two grass seeds. The multiple seeds and seed balls are mixed together to protect the seeds, improving aerial seeding afforestation quality and the seed germination rate.

Description

Aerial seeding tree bulb afforestation method under natural precipitation conditions Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aerial seeding afforestation, and in particular to an aerial seeding tree bulb afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions. Background Art

[0002] my country is a country with few forests, with only 0.128hm2 of forest per capita. 2 , only 0.6hm2 per capita in the world 2 21.3% of the total. Aerial seeding has increased forest coverage in remote mountainous areas and desert regions of my country, achieving significant ecological benefits. In recent years, research on aerial seeding has made significant progress, and my country's aerial seeding technology has reached internationally advanced levels. However, my country faces significant areas of barren hills and wasteland suitable for afforestation, and desertification in the northwest remains severe. The task of increasing forest coverage remains daunting, and aerial seeding will remain a key afforestation and greening tool for the foreseeable future.

[0003] Aerial seeding is an ecological construction method. It uses aircraft to transport and accurately place seeds, achieving high-speed construction and meeting the requirements of complex afforestation tasks. In the past, aerial seeding was done by directly sowing bare seeds. Existing new aerial seeding technologies include aerial seeding seed coating technology and GPS satellite positioning navigation technology to improve the quality of aerial seeding.

[0004] However, the seeds coated with aerial seeding technology contain excessive nutrients and chemicals on their surface. Prolonged periods of drought and drought after aerial seeding can cause heat buildup and corrosion damage to the seeds. Furthermore, the coating requires specialized drying equipment, which relies heavily on dryers. Furthermore, the seeds are prone to breaking when they fall to the ground during aerial seeding. GPS satellite positioning navigation systems can lose accurate positioning during aerial seeding if the seeds drift, are exposed to sunlight, or are pecked by birds or animals, leading to unpredictable germination rates.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an aerial seeding tree seed ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions. By mixing multiple seeds together to form a tree seed ball, the seeds are protected and the aerial seeding afforestation quality and seed germination rate are improved.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0008] A technology for aerial seeding of tree seed bulbs under natural precipitation conditions, comprising: raw material preparation, raw material processing, granulation, drying, screening, and aerial seeding;

[0009] The raw material preparation includes: tree ball raw material preparation and seed raw material preparation;

[0010] The raw materials for the tree ball are prepared by volume: 30-35 parts of red soil, 65-70 parts of coconut coir, and 0-5 parts of organic matrix;

[0011] The red soil is red clay, which is collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation is carried out, has a pH of 6.5-7, and needs to be processed into powder before use;

[0012] The coconut peat is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization, with an EC value of less than 0.5ms / cm and a pH of 6.5-7;

[0013] The organic matrix is ​​a mixture of humus, camel dung and cow dung;

[0014] The seed raw material preparation is based on the local environment and selects 6 local tree species seeds, including 2 tree seeds, 2 shrub seeds, and 2 grass seeds;

[0015] The raw material processing comprises crushing red soil into 50-100 meshes to obtain crushed red soil; mixing coconut husk with the substrate in advance to obtain a coconut husk mixture;

[0016] The granulation comprises mixing seeds of six local tree species with crushed red soil, then adding a coconut husk mixture and mixing evenly to obtain a seed mixture; placing the seed mixture in a drum-type granulation device, granulating the mixture in an uninterrupted continuous discharge manner, adding water regularly, and stopping granulation after pelletized tree seed balls are formed to obtain tree seed balls;

[0017] During the granulation, the drum speed is 40 rpm;

[0018] The water was added regularly, with 200 mL added every 2 minutes.

[0019] The water content of the tree seed ball is 25%-28%;

[0020] The total amount of the tree seeds is 3kg / ton of tree seed balls;

[0021] The drying step involves air-drying the pelletized seeds, with the drying time controlled according to different light and temperature conditions, until the moisture content of the bulbs is reduced to below 0.5%;

[0022] The screening is to screen the obtained bulbs according to whether their diameter exceeds 2 cm, and obtain tree bulbs with a diameter of less than 2 cm and a diameter of 2-3.5 cm. For areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, tree bulbs with a diameter of less than 2 cm are used, and for areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, tree bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5 cm are used;

[0023] The aerial seeding is carried out by using a transport aircraft and a professional aircraft seeder. The seeding amount can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density so that the tree seed balls can be evenly scattered in the designated operation area. The operation flight true height is controlled below 100m, the payload is 750kg, and according to the seeding density, each flight can complete an operation area of ​​250-750 mu.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention avoids the drawbacks of traditional coating technology containing excessive nutrients and chemical reagents, causing heat generation and corrosion damage to seeds due to long-term drought and lack of rain after aerial sowing, by preparing tree seed bulbs. In addition, no special drying equipment is required after the coating is completed, avoiding the dependence on dryers in traditional coating operations. The prepared tree seed bulbs can withstand a vertical force of 10N to ensure that they will not fall to the ground and break directly during aerial sowing. The obtained tree seed bulbs are screened according to different diameters to correspond to areas with different rainfall for aerial sowing, which can be targeted at the aerial sowing areas, thereby improving the survival of the bulbs and ensuring quality.

[0026] (2) The present invention not only overcomes the problems of inaccurate aerial seeding positioning and uncontrollable germination rate caused by seed drift, sunlight exposure, bird and animal pecking in traditional aerial seeding operations, but also provides a microenvironment that is infinitely close to natural for seed germination through the use of red clay and coconut husks, significantly improving the seed germination rate and seedling survival rate;

[0027] (3) The present invention improves the germination rate by mixing multiple seeds and utilizing the characteristics of natural selection of plants. The germination rate is increased to 82.5% in areas with sufficient water and sunlight, and to 39.5% in areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm, thereby improving biodiversity.

[0028] (4) The present invention utilizes the mechanical properties of red soil and coconut husk, such as the adhesion and strength after drying, to enable the balls to be bonded together during the processing process, and will not break when they fall to the ground during aerial sowing after drying. It can also ensure that when the tree ball encounters water in the desert, the red soil can provide a micro-soil environment for seed germination, and coconut husk, as a long-fiber material, has excellent water absorption and water retention properties, which can effectively prolong the time when the seed germination requires water after encountering water. In addition, the long fibers of coconut husk are very helpful for ball formation, and the particle size is uniform. By adjusting the proportion of coconut husk, the density of the tree ball can be effectively controlled, thereby reducing the impact force of the ball falling to the ground, protecting the integrity of the ball, and improving the ground distribution accuracy of the ball. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, the specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A technology for afforestation by aerial seeding of tree bulbs under natural precipitation conditions, specifically comprising:

[0032] 1. The raw materials used are as follows:

[0033] (1) Raw materials for tree seed balls: The raw materials for tree seed balls include, by volume, 32 parts of red soil, 68 parts of coconut coir, and 2 parts of organic matrix. The red soil is red clay, i.e., highly plastic clay rich in humus, collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation is performed to adapt to the local natural conditions for plant seed germination. The pH value is 6.5-7. The red soil needs to be processed into powder before use.

[0034] The coconut peat is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization, with an EC value of less than 0.5ms / cm and a pH of 6.5-7;

[0035] The organic matrix is ​​a mixture of humus, camel dung, and cow dung, wherein the mass ratio of humus, camel dung, and cow dung is 1:1:1;

[0036] (2) Seed materials: Select seeds based on the local environment, such as Haloxylon ammodendron, Hippophae rhamnoides, Artemisia ordosica, Tamarix tamarisk, Caragana korshinskii, Althaea officinalis, Suaeda salsa or other drought-resistant and salt-tolerant tree species and grass seeds suitable for the local area.

[0037] 2. The steps involved are as follows:

[0038] (1) Raw material processing: crushing red soil to 50-100 mesh to obtain crushed red soil; mixing coconut chaff with the substrate in advance to obtain a coconut chaff mixture;

[0039] (2) Granulation: Mix the seeds of six local tree species with the crushed red soil, then add the coconut husk mixture and mix evenly to obtain a seed mixture; place the seed mixture in a drum granulation equipment and granulate it in an uninterrupted continuous discharge manner, control the drum speed to 40 rpm, add water once every 2 minutes, and add 200 mL of water each time. After pelletized tree seed balls are formed, stop granulation to obtain tree seed balls;

[0040] The water content of the tree seed ball is 25%-28%;

[0041] The six tree species seeds include: two tree seeds, two shrub seeds, and two grass seeds;

[0042] The specific tree seed types need to be matched according to the different seed requirements for different regional environments and climatic conditions, as well as the seed size, vitality, and tested germination conditions. When preparing the tree seed bulbs, it is necessary to ensure that the tree seed bulbs can completely cover the seeds;

[0043] The total amount of the tree seeds is 3kg / ton of tree seed balls;

[0044] (3) Drying: The pelletized seeds are naturally air-dried, and the drying time is controlled according to different light and temperature conditions until the moisture content of the bulbs is reduced to below 0.5%;

[0045] (4) Screening: The obtained bulbs are screened according to whether their diameter exceeds 2 cm, and the bulbs with a diameter of less than 2 cm and a diameter of 2-3.5 cm are obtained. For areas with an average annual rainfall of less than 200 mm, bulbs with a diameter of less than 2 cm are used. For areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, bulbs with a diameter of 2-3.5 cm are used.

[0046] (5) Aerial seeding: Aerial seeding is carried out using the Yun-5-B transport aircraft, which has a strong adaptability to the working environment, and a professional aircraft seeder. The seeding amount can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density so that the tree seed balls can be evenly scattered in the designated working area. The flight altitude is controlled below 100m, with a payload of 750kg. Depending on the seeding density, each flight can complete an operating area of ​​250-750 mu.

[0047] Test example

[0048] According to the method of Example 1, aerial seeding was carried out in areas with sufficient water sources and sunlight, that is, areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm and areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm. The number of tree seed bulbs used in aerial seeding was 200, and the germination rate was statistically analyzed 1-10 days after the completion of aerial seeding. The statistical results are as follows:

[0049] In the table, number 1 represents areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, and number 2 represents areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm.

[0050] From the above results, it can be seen that in areas with sufficient water sources and sunlight, that is, areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, the germination rate of tree bulbs can reach 82.5%. In areas with an average annual rainfall of 100-150 mm, the germination rate can reach 39.5%.

[0051] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages used in the present invention are by mass.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A technology for aerial seeding of tree seeds for afforestation under natural precipitation conditions, characterized in that, Including: Raw material preparation, raw material processing, granulation, drying, screening, aerial seeding.

2. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The raw material preparation includes tree species ball raw material preparation and seed raw material preparation.

3. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, For the tree species ball raw material preparation, by volume, prepare 30 - 35 parts of red soil, 65 - 70 parts of coconut coir, and 0 - 5 parts of organic substrate; The red soil is red clay, collected on-site in the area where the aerial seeding operation is carried out, with a pH of 6.5 - 7. When in use, it needs to be processed into a powder form for use; The coconut coir is made from 100% natural coconut shells through deacidification and sterilization treatment, with an EC value less than 0.5 ms / cm and a PH of 6.5 - 7; The organic substrate is a mixture of humus, camel dung, and cow dung.

4. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, For the seed raw material preparation, select 6 local tree species seeds in combination with the local environment, including 2 arbor seeds, 2 shrub seeds, and 2 grass seeds.

5. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the raw material processing, crush the red soil to 50 - 100 meshes to obtain the crushed red soil; mix the coconut coir and the substrate in advance to obtain a coconut coir mixture.

6. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that In the granulation, mix the 6 local tree species seeds with the crushed red soil evenly, then add the coconut coir mixture and mix well to obtain a seed mixture; put the seed mixture into a drum granulation device and granulate it in a continuous discharging manner without interruption, add water regularly. After forming pelletized tree species balls, stop granulation to obtain tree species balls; In the granulation, the drum rotation speed is 40 rpm; For the regular water addition, add water once every 2 minutes, and the water addition amount each time is 200 mL; The water content of the tree species balls is 25% - 28%; The total amount of the tree species seeds used is 3 kg per ton of tree species balls.

7. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the drying, naturally air-dry the pelletized seeds, and control the drying time according to different light and temperature until the water content of the seed balls is reduced to less than 0.5%.

8. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the screening, screen the obtained seed balls according to whether the diameter exceeds 2 cm to obtain tree species balls with a diameter less than 2 cm and tree species balls with a diameter of 2 - 3.5 cm. For areas with an annual average rainfall of less than 200 mm, use tree species balls with a diameter less than 2 cm; for areas with an annual average rainfall of more than 200 mm, use tree species balls with a diameter of 2 - 3.5 cm.

9. The aerial seeding tree species ball afforestation technology under natural precipitation conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the aerial seeding, use a transport aircraft for the aerial seeding operation and adopt a professional aircraft seeder. The seeding rate can be adjusted according to the ground seeding density to make the tree species balls evenly sprinkle on the designated operation area. Control the true height of the operation flight below 100 m, with a payload of 750 kg. According to the seeding density, each flight can complete an operation area of 250 - 750 mu.

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