No-till cover-seeding method for restoring degraded mowing and grazing grassland

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a no-till cover-seeding method for restoring a degraded mowing and grazing grassland. The method comprises: step 1, providing a slot in a deep layer, wherein a disc cutter is used to vertically cut a non-ridged deep cut slot of not less than 10 cm downwards into a surface of a degraded mowing and grazing grassland; step 2, providing a vertical furrow in a mid-deep layer along the slot, and using a corrugated disc to chop soil and root systems on inner walls of the deep cut slot along the deep cut slot, wherein the chopping depth ranges from 6 cm to 8 cm; step 3, making a seedbed in a middle layer along the vertical furrow, wherein an inverted-T-shaped seedbed preparation device is used to prepare an inverted-T-shaped seedbed in a lower middle portion of the vertical furrow in the direction of the vertical furrow, wherein the depth of the seedbed ranges from 4 cm to 6 cm; and step 4, performing seed blowing and fertilizer blowing along the vertical furrow first, and then using a compacting device to compact the seedbed. In the present invention, without ridging the surface of the grassland, the depth of the slot is increased, the disturbance to soil and root systems inside the slot is increased, and a plough layer condition with "loose upper soil and compact lower soil" that is similar to farmland soil, and an inverted-T-shaped seedbed that increases temperature and conserves moisture are created, thereby reducing damage to the grassland.

Description

A method for repairing the original state of degraded mowing grassland by over-seeding TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of forage grass cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for repairing the original state of degraded mowing grassland by over-seeding. BACKGROUND

[0002] In China, there are about 660 million mu of grasslands with rainfall greater than 300 mm, an altitude lower than 4000 m, and a slope less than 10 degrees suitable for mechanized operation, and these grasslands are basically mowing and grazing lands (hereinafter referred to as mowing and grazing lands) with high productivity, which are the food fields of grass-eating livestock in pastoral areas and provide nearly 1 / 3 of beef and mutton and 1 / 4 of milk products in China. However, the mowing and grazing lands have been in a state of "low input and strong utilization" for a long time, and more than 90% of the mowing and grazing lands are seriously degraded at present, the soil fertility declines, and the yield and quality of forage grasses decrease, which seriously threatens the ecological safety and livestock product production of the region.

[0003] The soil of the degraded mowing and grazing land is compacted, high-quality forage grasses are reduced or even disappeared, and the vegetative reproduction of forage grasses or the soil seed bank driven vegetation restoration process is hindered, so that natural restoration may take hundreds of years to achieve the purpose of improving soil fertility and restoring vegetation. Using agricultural measures to loosen the soil and improve the soil fertility, and using the no-tillage supplemental seeding method to reintroduce high-quality forage grasses to the degraded grassland and increase the proportion of high-quality forage grasses are basic measures to promote the restoration of the degraded mowing and grazing land. Although the no-tillage supplemental seeding technology commonly used in arable land can achieve the supplemental seeding and introduction of high-quality forage grass seeds to a certain extent, it has the following shortcomings:

[0004] First, the soil of the degraded grassland is compacted, and the ordinary no-tillage supplemental seeding method has insufficient ditch depth, which is not conducive to the development of the root system of the supplemental seeding forage grasses. At the same time, the ordinary no-tillage supplemental seeding machine uses a cutter to directly form a V-shaped seeding ditch, which not only makes the ditching component easily worn, but also has poor soil conservation capacity.

[0005] Second, forage grass seeds are small and irregular in shape, and it is difficult to arrange and feed the seeds.

[0006] Third, the ditch depth is not uniform, resulting in poor uniformity of seedling emergence. These shortcomings result in low seedling emergence rate and survival rate of the supplemental seeding forage grasses.

[0007] At the same time, the competition of the original plants of the degraded grassland leads to weak growth of the supplemental seeding forage grasses in the seedling stage, and it is difficult to store enough nutrients to ensure overwintering.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new method to effectively solve the problems of uneven surface, high soil compaction, poor uniformity of seeding, and low survival rate of supplemental seeding forage grasses in the degraded mowing and grazing land.

[0009] SUMMARY

[0010] In view of the problems in the background art, the present application provides a method for repairing the original state of degraded mowing grassland, and the technical scheme comprises:

[0011] Step 1, deep slitting, a deep slit not less than 10 cm without ridge is vertically cut down on the surface of the degraded mowing grassland by using a disc cutter; the slit width is less than 1.5 cm;

[0012] Step 2, vertical trenching along the slit, the soil and root system on the inner wall of the deep slit are cut and crushed by using a corrugated disc, and the crushing depth is 6-8 cm;

[0013] Step 3, middle layer seedbed preparation along the vertical trench, a T-shaped seedbed is prepared in the lower part of the vertical trench along the vertical trench direction by using a T-shaped seedbed preparation device, and the seedbed depth is 4-6 cm; the seedbed preparation device extrudes the crushed soil of the corrugated disc and forms a T-shaped seedbed;

[0014] Step 4, blowing seed and fertilizer along the vertical trench, and then using a compactor to compact the seedbed.

[0015] The disc cutter surface is smooth without corrugation, the disc cutter edge thickness gradually decreases from the center to the edge and forms a blade at the outermost edge.

[0016] When mechanical operation is performed, a plurality of slits are arranged in parallel, the distance between two adjacent slits of the severely degraded grassland is 15 cm, the distance between two adjacent slits of the moderately degraded grassland is 20 cm, and the distance between two adjacent slits of the slightly degraded or non-degraded grassland is 40 cm.

[0017] The width between the most convex part and the most concave part of the outer edge of the corrugated disc is 1.5-2.5 cm.

[0018] The T-shaped seedbed preparation device comprises a connecting rod part and a seedbed preparation plow, wherein the connecting rod part is fixed above the top surface of the seedbed preparation plow, the thickness of the connecting rod part is less than the width of the vertical trench, and the bottom surface of the seedbed preparation plow forms an angle of 15-30° with the ground; the seedbed preparation plow extrudes the crushed soil of the corrugated disc to the lower part of the seedbed preparation plow, thereby forming a T-shaped seedbed with narrow upper part and wide lower part in the lower part of the vertical trench, which has the functions of temperature increase and soil conservation, and is used for accommodating grass seeds and seed fertilizer.

[0019] The seedbed preparation plow is composed of a gradually expanding part in front and a rear stabilizing part, wherein the gradually expanding part is an isosceles trapezoid in plan view, the rear stabilizing part is a rectangle in plan view, and the width of the rear stabilizing part in the left-right direction is not greater than the width of the rear part of the gradually expanding part.

[0020] The front end surface of the connecting rod part is located rearward of the front end surface;

[0021] The front end surface of the gradually expanding part is perpendicular to the advancing direction to minimize wear; the length of the stabilizing part in the front-rear direction is 1-2 cm, and the thickness of the stabilizing part and the thickness of the gradually expanding part are both 0.5 cm to form a seedbed.

[0022] The upper end of the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker is fixed with the single body profiling structure, and the seed guide tube is fixed at the rear of the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker to ensure the consistency of the seeding depth; the lowermost end of the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker is kept horizontal with the lowermost end of the seed guide tube.

[0023] The process of blowing seeds and fertilizers into the prepared seedbed is that the seeds and fertilizers are blown into the prepared seedbed and preliminarily mixed with the fine soil generated when the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker prepares the seedbed, so that the loose soil above the seedbed covers the surface of the seeds.

[0024] The process of using the presser to press the seedbed is that the presser is used to press the seedbed, so that the seeds in the seedbed are in close contact with the soil above and below the seeds, facilitating the water absorption and germination of the seeds; the outer edge of the press wheel is "U"-shaped, and the thickness of the press wheel is consistent with the width of the connecting rod of the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are that:

[0026] 1. Without turning ridges on the grassland surface, the depth of the slit is increased, the disturbance to the soil and root system in the slit is increased, the inverted T-shaped seedbed similar to the farmland soil is created, the uniformity of the cutting depth is improved, the grass seeds are precisely blown into the seeding trench, and thus a favorable soil environment is created for the germination and growth of the grass seeds, so as to improve the emergence rate, survival rate and overwintering rate of the grass, and increase the success rate of repairing the degraded grazing grassland. The order is disc cutter, corrugated disc, inverted T-shaped seedbed maker + seed guide tube, and presser; the above cutting components are arranged in line, the lowest end of the disc cutter is lower than the lowest end of the corrugated disc, and the lowest end of the corrugated disc is lower than the lowest end of the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker + seed guide tube; the degraded grazing grassland is not turned, and the damage to the grassland is reduced.

[0027] 2. The soil and original plant roots in the slit are cut again by the corrugated disc, so as to increase the disturbance to the soil and roots as much as possible, and to prepare the farmland soil similar "upper loose and lower solid" tillage conditions, which can effectively reduce the competition and exclusion of the original plants on the grassland to the supplemental grass, and promote the planting of the supplemental grass; at the same time, the cut soil can fill the gaps in the deeper part of the slit, prevent the seeds from falling into the bottom of the slit, and cause the seeds to fail to germinate.

[0028] 3. Provide a favorable soil environment for the germination, rooting and aboveground growth of the interseeding forage grass, avoid the competition with the original vegetation, promote the growth of the interseeding forage grass in the seedling stage, speed up the photosynthesis of the interseeding forage grass, solve the problem that the forage grass is difficult to absorb soil mineral elements due to slow root growth in the seedling stage, make the interseeding forage grass store enough nutrients in the roots for overwintering, improve the success rate of the interseeding forage grass planting, provide technical support for the vegetation restoration and productivity improvement of the degraded forage grassland, and have great application value and popularization prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the method for repairing the degraded forage grassland according to the present application.

[0030] Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the narrow cutting gap of the disc cutter in the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the soil and root system being cut by the corrugated disc in the embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the seedbed prepared by the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer and the position of the seeds and seed fertilizer in the seedbed in the embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the seedbed being compacted by the compactor in the embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working depth of each step in the embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer in the embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Fig. 8 is a side view of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer in the embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Fig. 9 is an effect diagram of the temperature and moisture preservation of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer in the embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Fig. 10 is a temperature effect diagram of the temperature and moisture preservation of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer in the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] In the figure, 1 is soil, 2 is the finely crushed soil and root system cut by the corrugated disc, 3 is the finely crushed soil generated when the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer prepares the seedbed, 4 is the forage seed and seed fertilizer, 5 is the soil after being compacted by the compactor, 6 is the compactor, 7 is the disc cutter, 8 is the corrugated disc, 9 is the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer, 91 is the connecting rod part, 92 is the seedbed opening plow, 921 is the front end face, 922 is the gradually expanding part, 923 is the stabilizing part, 10 is the seed guide tube, a is the cutting gap width, b is the cutting gap depth, c is the vertical groove width of the finely crushed soil and root system after being cut by the corrugated disc, d is the vertical groove depth of the finely crushed soil and root system, e is the seedbed depth, and f is the seedbed bottom width. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] The embodiment of the application shown in Figs. 1-8 comprises:

[0042] Step 1, deep slitting, a disc cutter is used to vertically cut a deep slit in the soil 1 on the surface of the degraded grassland, the depth of the slit is not less than 10 cm, and the slit is not ridged; the surface of the disc cutter is smooth without corrugation, the thickness of the edge of the disc cutter gradually decreases from the center to the edge and forms a blade at the outermost edge; meanwhile, the width of the slit is required to be not more than 1.5 cm; as shown in Fig. 2, the width a of the slit is not more than 1.5 cm, preferably 1 cm, and the depth b of the slit is not less than 10 cm;

[0043] When mechanical operation is performed, a plurality of slits are arranged in parallel, the distance between two adjacent slits on the severely degraded grassland is 15 cm, the distance between two adjacent slits on the moderately degraded grassland is 20 cm, and the distance between two adjacent slits on the slightly degraded or non-degraded grassland is 40 cm.

[0044] Step 2, medium-deep vertical trenching along the slit, a corrugated disc is used to cut the soil and root system on the inner wall of the deep slit, the cutting depth is 6-8 cm, preferably 7 cm; as shown in Fig. 3, the upper part of the deep slit is widened to a certain extent by taking advantage of the compactness of the soil of the degraded grassland, and the cut soil and root system fall into the bottom of the deep slit under the action of gravity, so as to form a vertical trench for seeding; the width between the most convex and the most concave of the outer edge of the corrugated disc (the width of the corrugated disc) is 1.5-2.5 cm, preferably 2 cm. As shown in Fig. 3, the width c of the vertical trench (cutting) is consistent with the width of the corrugated disc, which is 1.5-2.5 cm; the depth d of the vertical trench (cutting) is 6-8 cm; the finely cut soil and root system 2 of the corrugated disc are at the bottom of the vertical trench.

[0045] Step 3, medium layer seedbed preparation along the vertical trench, a T-shaped seedbed preparation device 9 is used to prepare a T-shaped seedbed in the lower part of the vertical trench at a medium layer 4-6 cm away from the ground surface in the direction of the vertical trench, the depth of the seedbed is 4-6 cm, preferably 5 cm; the T-shaped seedbed preparation device 9 used is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, which comprises a connecting rod part 91 and a seedbed plow 92, wherein the connecting rod part 91 is fixedly connected above the top surface of the seedbed plow 92, the thickness of the connecting rod part 91 is less than the width of the vertical trench, and the bottom surface of the seedbed plow 92 forms an angle of 15°-30° with the ground; the seedbed plow 92 extrudes the loose soil cut by the corrugated disc to the lower side of the seedbed plow 92 and slightly compacts it, so as to form a T-shaped seedbed with the upper part narrow and the lower part wide in the lower part of the vertical trench, which has the functions of warming and soil conservation, and is used to accommodate grass seeds and seed fertilizer 4;

[0046] The opening plough 92 is composed of a front gradually expanding part 922 and a rear stabilizing part 923, wherein the gradually expanding part 922 is an isosceles trapezoid in plan view, with a thickness of 0.5 cm and a width of 2.5-3.5 cm in the left-right direction; the front end surface 921 of the gradually expanding part 922 is perpendicular to the advancing direction, so as to minimize wear; the rear stabilizing part 923 is a rectangle in plan view, with a length of 0.5 cm in the front-rear direction and a width consistent with that of the rear part of the gradually expanding part 922; the thickness of the rear stabilizing part 923 is the same as that of the gradually expanding part 922 (0.5 cm); the front end surface of the connecting rod part 91 is located behind the front end surface 921; the depth of the seedbed is 4-6 cm, and the width of the lower part of the seedbed is consistent with the width of the opening plough 92, i.e. 2.5-3.5 cm;

[0047] In the present embodiment, the upper end of the connecting rod part 91 is fixed to the single profiling structure and can move up and down with the uneven ground surface, so that the depth of the seedbed prepared thereby is consistent with the relative position of the uneven ground surface, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the seeding depth.

[0048] Step 4: first blow the seeds and fertilizers into the vertical groove, and then use the roller to compact the seedbed,

[0049] The process of blowing the seeds and fertilizers is as follows: the seeds and fertilizers are blown by air into the prepared seedbed and are preliminarily mixed with the fine soil 3 generated when the inverted T-shaped seedbed maker prepares the seedbed; the use of air blowing overcomes the problem of difficult seed feeding and seeding caused by the small size and irregular shape of the grass seeds, thereby enabling the seeds and fertilizers to fall more accurately into the interior of the seedbed, which is not only conducive to the germination of the seeds in the good soil structure created thereby, but also avoids waste of seeds and improves the work efficiency and reduces the repair cost.

[0050] In the present embodiment, the reference amount of brome grass seeds for sowing on severely degraded grassland is 1-1.5 kg per mu, and 3 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate is used as seed fertilizer; after successful establishment, 10-15 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate is applied for topdressing every year; for sowing alfalfa and other legumes + grasses on moderately degraded grassland, the reference amount of alfalfa seeds is 0.5-1.0 kg per mu, and the reference amount of brome grass seeds is 0.5-0.75 kg per mu; the cross-seeding method of first sowing grasses and then sowing legumes is adopted, 3 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate is used as seed fertilizer for each sowing, and 5-7 kg per mu of diammonium phosphate is applied for topdressing every year after successful establishment; for sowing alfalfa and other legumes on slightly degraded or non-degraded grassland, the reference amount of alfalfa seeds is 1.0-1.5 kg per mu, and 10 kg per mu of superphosphate is used as seed fertilizer; after successful establishment, 10-15 kg per mu of superphosphate is applied for topdressing every year.

[0051] In this embodiment, the same seed guide pipe 10 is used for blowing seeds and fertilizers, the seed guide pipe is fixed with the connecting rod part 91, and the outer diameter of the seed guide pipe 10 does not exceed the width of the vertical trench; when adjusting, the lowermost end of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer 9 and the lowermost end of the seed guide pipe 10 are kept horizontal.

[0052] When using the roller to compact the seedbed as shown in FIG. 5, the seedbed is compacted using the roller to make the seeds in the seedbed tightly contact with the soil above and below, facilitating the seed to absorb water and germinate. The outer edge of the roller is "U" shaped, and the thickness of the roller is consistent with the width of the connecting rod of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparer.

[0053] As shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and Table 1, the seedbed is kept warm and the soil is kept in place. The monitoring time is from June 17, 2020 to September 6, 2020; the monitoring site is the ninth team of Teneihe Farm in Chenbaerhu Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The soil humidity of the seedbed created by the V-shaped furrow opener of the conventional no-tillage seeder is increased by about 50%, the emergence rate and survival number of the supplemental seeding of the pasture are increased by 50-100% compared with the conventional no-tillage seeder, and the emergence rate and uniformity are significantly improved.

[0054] Table 1 Influence of new inverted T-shaped furrow seeder on emergence rate and survival rate

Claims

1. A method of reestablishing a native sod cover on a degraded pasture, the method comprising: The application relates to a method for preparing a seedbed for sowing grass seeds on a degraded grassland surface. The method comprises the following steps:

1. deep cutting, using a disc cutter to vertically cut a deep cutting seam with a width of not less than 10 cm on the surface of the degraded grassland without turning the soil; the width of the cutting seam is less than 1.5 cm; 2. medium-deep vertical trenching along the cutting seam, using a corrugated disc to cut and crush the soil and roots on the inner wall of the deep cutting seam to a depth of 6-8 cm; 3. medium seedbed preparation along the vertical trench, using a reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device to prepare a reverse T-shaped seedbed in the lower part of the vertical trench along the vertical trench, and the depth of the seedbed is 4-6 cm; the opening plough of the reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device extrudes the crushed soil of the corrugated disc and forms a reverse T-shaped seedbed; 4. blowing of seeds and fertilizers along the vertical trench, and then using a roller to compact the seedbed. The surface of the disc cutter is smooth and free of corrugations, the edge thickness of the disc cutter gradually decreases from the center to the edge and forms a blade at the outermost edge. When the mechanical operation is carried out, a plurality of cutting seams are arranged in parallel, the distance between two adjacent cutting seams on the severely degraded grassland is 15 cm, the distance between two adjacent cutting seams on the moderately degraded grassland is 20 cm, and the distance between two adjacent cutting seams on the slightly degraded or non-degraded grassland is 40 cm. The width between the most convex part and the most concave part of the outer edge of the corrugated disc is 1.5-2.5 cm. The reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device comprises a connecting rod part (91) and an opening plough (92), wherein the connecting rod part (91) is fixed above the top surface of the opening plough (92), the thickness of the connecting rod part (91) is smaller than the width of the vertical trench, and the bottom surface of the opening plough (92) forms an angle of 15-30 degrees with the ground; the opening plough (92) extrudes the crushed soil of the corrugated disc to the lower part of the opening plough (92), thereby forming a reverse T-shaped seedbed with the functions of temperature increase and soil conservation in the lower part of the vertical trench, and the reverse T-shaped seedbed is used for containing grass seeds and seed fertilizers.

2. A method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 1, wherein, The opening plough (92) is composed of a front gradually expanding part (922) and a rear stabilizing part (923) which are integrally formed, wherein the front gradually expanding part (922) is an isosceles trapezoid in plan view, the rear stabilizing part (923) is a rectangle in plan view, and the width of the rear stabilizing part (923) in the left-right direction is not greater than the width of the rear part of the gradually expanding part (922).

3. A method of reseeding a degraded sown pasture according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that, The front end surface of the connecting rod part (91) is located behind the front end surface (921); 4. The method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 1, wherein, The front end surface (921) of the gradually expanding part (922) is perpendicular to the advancing direction, so as to reduce the abrasion as much as possible; the length of the stabilizing part (923) in the front-rear direction is 1-2 cm, and the thickness of the stabilizing part (923) and the thickness of the gradually expanding part (922) are both 0.5 cm, so as to form the seedbed.

5. The method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 1, wherein, The upper end of the reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device (9) is fixed with a single body profiling structure, a seed guide pipe (10) is fixed behind the reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device (9), the consistency of the sowing depth is ensured, and the lowermost end of the reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device (9) is kept horizontal with the lowermost end of the seed guide pipe (10).

6. A method of reseeding a degraded sown pasture to restore the original cover according to claim 5, characterised in that, The process of blowing of seeds and fertilizers is that the seeds and the seed fertilizers are blown into the prepared seedbed and are preliminarily mixed with the crushed soil generated when the reverse T-shaped seedbed preparation device prepares the seedbed, so that the virtual soil above the seedbed covers the surface of the seeds.

7. A method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 6, wherein, ​ ​ 8. A method of reestablishing a degraded hay meadow according to one of claims 1, characterized in that, ​ 9. The method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 1, wherein, ​ 10. The method of reestablishing a degraded pasture according to claim 1, wherein, The process for pressing the seedbed by using the presser is: the seedbed is pressed by using the presser, so that the seeds in the seedbed are in close contact with the soil above and below the seeds, and the seeds are facilitated to absorb water and germinate; the outer edge of the pressing wheel is in "U" shape, and the thickness of the pressing wheel is consistent with the width of the connecting rod of the inverted T-shaped seedbed preparation device.

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