Synbiotics for modulating gut microflora populations

Abstract

In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods, comprising combinations or formulations of microbes, such as non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spores, for example as probiotics, for the control, amelioration, prevention, and treatment of a disease or condition, for example, a dysbiosis, or for augmenting the health or ability to thrive in an individual. In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions or formulations, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods, comprising at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spore and at least one probiotic, or synbiotic. In alternative embodiment, these non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spores (and optionally also a probiotic) are administered to an individual in need thereof, thereby resulting in a modification or modulation of the individual's gut microfloral population(s).

Description

[0001] SYNBIOTICS FOR MODULATING GUT MICROFLORA POPULATIONS, TREATMENT OF DYSBIOSIS AND DISEASE PREVENTION, AND METHODS FOR MAKING

[0002] AND USING SAME

[0003] RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0004] This Patent Convention Treaty (PCT) International Application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. (USSN) 63 / 662,622, June 21, 2024, and USSN 63 / 708,914, filed October 18, 2024. The aforementioned applications are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and for all purposes. All publications, patents, patent applications cited herein are hereby expressly incorporated by reference for all purposes.

[0005] REFERENCE TO THE SEQUENCE LISTING

[0006] The application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in .XML format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said .XML copy, created on June 16, 2025, is named “6411- 156332PCTxml” and is 183,678 bytes in size. The sequence listing contained in this .XML file is part of the specification and is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. No new matter has been added.

[0007] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0008] This invention generally relates to microbiology, medicine and pharmacology. In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions or formulations, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods, comprising combinations or mixes (or consortium) of microbes, such as non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spores, for example as probiotics, for the control, amelioration, prevention, and treatment of a disease or condition, for example, a dysbiosis, or for augmenting the health or ability to thrive in an individual. In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions or formulations, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods, comprising at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spore and at least one probiotic. In alternative embodiment, these non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or bacterial spores (and optionally also a probiotic) are administered to an individual in need thereof, thereby resulting in a modification or modulation of the individual’s gut microfloral population(s).

[0009] BACKGROUND

[0010] Microbial populations in the gut are dynamic, comprised of many metabolic niches based around resources obtained through the host’s diet and physiology. Prebiotics offer an opportunity to regulate known niches or establish new ones, providing some level of control over the composition of the gut microbial community. Of particular interest in infant physiology are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), sugars found in breast milk that allow Bifidobacterium to engraft.

[0011] Microbial dysbiosis leads to chronic inflammation that can impact asthma, environmental allergies, childhood obesity, immune disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), inflammatory bowel disease and a wide range of cancers. The loss of Bifidobacterium in infants is a key cause for dysbiosis impacting risk for many of these diseases. Furthermore, dysbiotic infants tend to grow up to be dysbiotic adults, leading to a greater incidence of inflammatory diseases such as cancer. This has been correlated to microbial gene products, such as the genotoxic secondary metabolite colibactin from the colibactin PKS gene cluster.

[0012] Moreover, inflammatory conditions in the gut can cause high failure rates (greater than 50%) of antibody -based checkpoint-inhibitor anticancer immunotherapies, that block inhibitory signals of T-cells to potentiate their ability to recognize and kill cancer cells. Examples of important T-cell regulatory / inhibitory functions and the checkpoint inhibiters that target them include cytotoxic T- lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4, optionally ipilimumab, or YERVOY®), the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1, optionally pembrolizumab or KEYTRUDA®, nivolumab or OPDIVO®), and its ligand (PD-L1, optionally atezolizumab or TECENTRIQ®, avelumab or B AVENCIO®, and durvalumab or IMFINZI®). The likelihood of response or non-response to checkpoint inhibitors is directly correlated to the state of the gut microbiome and its contribution to immunological function of the gastrointestinal tract as it was posited that healthier anti-inflammatory gut microbiome better primed T-cells to respond to activation by checkpoint inhibition, while the chronic inflammatory state brought on by a dysbiotic microbiota led to T-cell exhaustion and checkpoint inhibitor ineffectiveness.

[0013] The negative impacts of both infant and adult microbiome dysbiosis highlight the need and opportunity to ameliorate and repair deleterious inflammatory responses by reintroduction of key commensal microbes and establishment of sustainable niches through prebiotics. In both infant and adult cases, dysbiosis is at least in part manifested by loss of intestinal wall integrity due to degradation of the intestinal epithelium, either by the toxic effects of invasive pathogens and / or by the loss of supportive commensal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacterial species. Probiotic microbes such as Bifidobacterium have been shown to help re-tighten and restore the integrity of the gut epithelium by stimulation of toll-like receptors that act to increase the formation of tight junctions between gut epithelial cells. Moreover, probiotic Bifidobacterium can help improve epithelial cell survival and health by supporting beneficial SCFA-producing microbes such as Faecalibacteria, Anaerostipes, Eubacterium, and Roseburia species. There is clearly an opportunity to improve upon gut health and reduce disease risk through the use of targeted prebiotics, such as HMOs that provide a niche for specific microbial species.

[0014] SUMMARY

[0015] In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for:

[0016] - treating, controlling, ameliorating, lessoning, reversing or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the dysbiosis or infection can be the presence of a pathogenic bacteria, or a bacterium or mix of bacteria not normally present in the microbiome of the individual, the infant or the child, and optionally a high level of pathogenic bacteria, or bacterium or mix of bacteria not normally present in the microbiome, is present in the dysbiosis or infection, or the dysbiosis or infection can be caused by a high level of bacterial antibiotic resistance, or a metabolic balance that skews away from that of a healthy population, or an immunological state that skews away from that of a healthy population, or a loss of metabolic function associated with a healthy adult or infant population, or wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by an increase in numbers and / or types of bacteria associated with one or more adverse events for a mother and her child, such as the dysbiosis associated with a C-section birth, or wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by:

[0017] - a high level of undesirable genes such as the colibactin PKS gene cluster, or

[0018] - bacteria associated with adverse events or dysbiosis to a mother and / or child because of bacterial production and expression of:

[0019] - bacterial virulence factors, optionally adhesins, including pili or fimbriae, non-fimbrial adhesins, optionally intimin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), or fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, or biofilms, optionally including polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, and alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,'

[0020] - invasins, which can promote bacterial entry into host cells or deeper tissues, often by manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix, optionally including hyaluronidase (optionally produced by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus),' collagenase, which degrades collagen, a major component of connective tissues, optionally produced by Clostridium perfringens,' InlA / InlB or internalins, which are surface proteins that interact with host cell receptors such as E-cadherin to induce uptake into non- phagocytic cells, for example, as produced by Listeria monocytogenes,' or - type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector which inject proteins directly into host cells to manipulate host cell processes, including inducing uptake or disrupting signaling, optionally produced by a Salmonella species or enteropathogenic E. coll.

[0021] - bacterial toxins such as:

[0022] - exotoxins, optionally including neurotoxins such as Botulinum toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium botulinum, a tetanus toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium lelani: enterotoxins which can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing fluid secretion and diarrhea, optionally including Cholera toxin or a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, or heat-labile (LT) and heatstable (ST) toxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); cytotoxins optionally including Diphtheria toxin or a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphlheriae, Shiga toxin or a toxin produced by Shigella dysenleriae, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or alpha-toxin or a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus,- a superantigen which can activate T cells leading to an exaggerated immune response and cytokine storm, optionally including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and senterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic exotoxins of Streptococcus pyogenes;

[0023] - endotoxins, which optionally are components of a bacterial cell wall comprising primarily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacteria, and LPS is released upon bacterial lysis and can trigger a potent inflammatory response, leading to fever, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including for example LPS of E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and / or

[0024] - Immune Evasion Mechanisms, which allow bacteria to avoid or subvert the host's immune response, including for example expression of a capsule such as a polysaccharide or protein layer surrounding the bacterial cell, which can protect against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, including for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and / or - Enzymes that degrade immune component, such as an IgA protease which cleaves secretory IgA antibodies, preventing them from neutralizing bacteria on mucosal surfaces, for example including enzyme from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and optionally including catalase / Superoxide Dismutase enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes, optionally including enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus,'

[0025] - modulating the microbiome of an individual, wherein optionally the dysbiosis treated or condition treated or ameliorated comprises a dysbiosis caused or exacerbated by: premature birth, extended stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, drug or antibiotic treatment, drug abuse by expectant mother, nutritional or environmental stress experienced by expectant mother, drug or antibiotic treatment of the mother prior to birth or after birth, birth via cesarean section, formula or nutritional supplement feeding, and / or known dysbiosis of the mother, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, or 1 week and 30 months old, and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to positively affect the growth, thriving or health of the individual (or increases the ability of the individual to thrive), or to enhance the efficacy of a treatment in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the treatment is a drug treatment, or a treatment for disease or a condition, wherein optionally the disease is cancer, a genetic disease, a mental or neurological disease, or an autoimmune disease,

[0026] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing a disease or condition caused by a dysbiosis in an individual in need thereof, or treating, ameliorating, or lessoning or preventing a disease or condition whose treatment can be augmented by administration of a prebiotic as provided herein, wherein optionally the disease or condition is a Failure to Thrive (FTT), or a condition in the individual (for example, infant or child) where the individual has decelerated or arrested physical growth, for example, when height and weight measurements fall below the third or fifth percentile, or a downward change in growth across two major growth percentiles, wherein optionally the disease or condition is an infection, a cancer or an autoimmune disease, a hereditary or genetic disease, or a neurological condition, the method comprising:

[0027] (a) administering or having administered to an individual in need thereof a composition or formulation comprising: at least one nutritional source (a prebiotic) designed to modulate growth of a commensal bacteria and at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or non- pathogenic bacterial spore (a probiotic), for example, administering an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, wherein optionally the probiotic is capable of utilizing the prebiotic for enhancing growth or viability, or enhancing germination if the probiotic is a spore, wherein each of the non-pathogenic bacteria comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non- pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or a combination or mix thereof; or,

[0028] (b) (i) providing a composition or formulation comprising: at least one nutritional source (a prebiotic) designed to modulate growth of a commensal bacteria and at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or non-pathogenic bacterial spore (a probiotic), the combination called a synbiotic, for example, an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, wherein optionally the probiotic is capable of utilizing the prebiotic for enhancing growth or viability, or enhancing germination if the probiotic is a spore, wherein optionally the one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or non- pathogenic bacterial spore of (b)(i), is genetically engineered to comprise or express a new or heterologous trait or phenotype; and

[0029] (ii) administering or having administered to an individual in need thereof the composition or formulation; and optionally if the probiotic comprises one or a plurality of different human milk oligosaccharides the prebiotic represents at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% or more, or between about 1% and 75%, of the total amount of prebiotic in the formulation, and optionally a single prebiotic comprises the entirety of the prebiotic in a given formulation, and optionally when multiple species of bacteria are present, different species or genera (or types) of non-pathogenic, live bacteria are present in approximately equal amounts, or each of the different species or genera (or types) of non-pathogenic, live bacteria or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores represent at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% or more, or between about 1% and 75%, of the total amount of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores in the formulation, and optionally only or substantially only non- pathogenic, live bacteria are present in the formulation, or only or substantially only non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation, or approximately equal amounts of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation.

[0030] In alternative embodiments compositions or formulations as provided herein areformulated as pharmaceutical formulations, or are formulated as pharmaceutical formulations used in a method as provided herein:

[0031] - wherein the composition or formulation further comprises at least one nutrient, metabolite or drug, and optionally the drug comprises an antibiotic, or optionally a method as provided herein further comprises administration of a a nutrient, a metabolite or a drug, and optionally the drug comprises an antibiotic, and optionally at least one dose of the prebiotic (for example, as in a synbiotic as set forth in Table 2), is administered before a first administration of the probiotic, and optionally at least one dose of the antibiotic is administered one day or two days, or more, before a first administration of the formulation,

[0032] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein comprises an inner core surrounded by an (or at least one) outer layer of polymeric material enveloping the inner core, wherein the non-pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or probiotic, are substantially in the inner core, and optionally the non-pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or prebiotic are in the (or an) outer layer, and optionally the polymeric material comprises a natural polymeric material; In alternative embodiments, a synbiotic as provided herein (for example, an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2) comprises harvested and / or dried activated microbial cells, such as a powdered or lyophilized form of a prebiotic and / or probiotic. The harvested and / or dried microbial cells (the probiotic) and the powdered form of the prebiotic can be in a single dose packet, which can contain from about 1 million to about 100 billion colony forming unit (cfu) of bacteria and, optionally, from about 0.1 gram (g) to about 20 g of prebiotic, or between about 0.1 mg to 1 gram of drug.

[0033] In alternative embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, comprises, or further comprises, a nutrient designed to produce metabolic benefit, such as tryptophan, or a secondary metabolite. Any composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein can further comprise a secondary metabolite. The secondary metabolite can be a short chain fatty acid, such as acetate, lactate, or combinations thereof.

[0034] In alternative embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, comprises, or further comprises, a stabilizer, such as a flow agent. Flow agents may include starch, silicon dioxide, tricalcium phosphate, powdered cellulose, magnesium stearate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, calcium ferrocyanide, bone phosphate, sodium silicate, calcium silicate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminum silicate, calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, aluminum silicate, stearic acid, and polydimethylsiloxane. The stabilizer can be a milk protein or another suitable pharmaceutical grade or infant formula grade diluent (for example, lactose). The milk protein can comprise a protein fraction of nonfat dry milk.

[0035] In alternative embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, comprises, or further comprises, a surface carbohydrate binding protein (for example, a solute binding proteins). The surface carbohydrate binding proteins can allow a more effective binding and interaction with the gut mucosa by binding to cell surface glycosylation of the gut mucosa and or mucous layers. This binding of surface carbohydrate can then exclude the binding of pathogenic bacteria. In alternative embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, is dried (for example, by spray-drying or freeze-drying), and formulated into a unit dose medicament, such as a packet, sachet, orally disintegrating tablet, food stuff, capsule, lozenge, effervescent tablet, etc. The unit dose medication can be formed from a variety of materials including without limitation plastic or paper. In some embodiments, the unit dose medicament comprises a moisture barrier and / or oxygen barrier layer.

[0036] In various embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, is in a form for anal delivery, such as a suppository or in an enema. In alternative embodiments, the composition is packaged in sachets made using a moisture and / or oxygen impermeable polymer. These sachets can be backfilled with a protective gas, such as nitrogen or argon.

[0037] In alternative embodiments, a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or as used in a method as provided herein, is provided or formulated in a dry powder formulation, a solution, a suspension, or in a tablet or capsule format with or without an enteric coating. The dry powder can be freeze - dried or spray dried. The freeze-dried compositions are preferably frozen in the presence of a suitable cryoprotectant. The cryoprotectant can be, for example, glucose, lactose, raffinose, sucrose, trehalose, adonitol, glycerol, mannitol, methanol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ribitol, alginate, bovine serum albumin, carnitine, citrate, cysteine, dextran, dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium glutamate, glycine betaine, glycogen, hypotaurine, peptone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, or taurine. The enteric coatings include, but are not limited to, fatty acids, waxes, shellac, plastics, plant fibers, methyl acrylate - methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate succinate, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), methyl meth acrylate - methacrylic acid copolymers, cellulose acetate trimellitate, sodium alginate, and Zein.

[0038] In alternative embodiments, a microbe used in a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or method as provided herein, is mixed with a cryopreservative, for example, a trehalose or glycerol, optionally under anaerobic conditions, optionally frozen by processes such as, but not limited to, rapid freezing (chilling with liquid nitrogen), or by a controlled temperature reduction in a cryopreservation freezing system. Once frozen, the microbes can be dehydrated under vacuum using a process that best maintains the integrity of the microbe cells. The microbe concentration in the dry powder can be from 1 million to 500 billion cfu / g. In some embodiments, the dry powder can be from 100 million to 100 billion cfu / g , and in a most preferred embodiment the dry powder can be from 100 million to 50 billion cfu / g.

[0039] In alternative embodiments, the powdered microbe is resuspended in an edible oil, and exemplary edible oils include, but are not limited to: triglyceride oils (for example, vegetable oil, olive oil, and medium chain triglycerides), diglyceride oils, monoglyceride oil, and / or silicone oils.

[0040] In alternative embodiments, a prebiotic, nutrient or drug as provided herein can be dissolved in a polar liquid such as, but not limited to, water, physiological saline, mammalian milk (such as human breast milk), or an infant formula, and provided in a liquid form while the microbes are provided separately as a powder or suspension in a carrier liquid which may include a solution comprising the prebiotics as provided herein.

[0041] In alternative embodiments, the prebiotics and probiotics, or synbiotics, as used in a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or method as provided herein, are in a combined form or formulation or are provided separately. In some embodiments, a microbe (probiotic) is combined with an oligosaccharide in a single dose packet containing from about 100 million to about 100 billion colony forming units (cfu) of microbe and from about 0.1 to about 20 g of a prebiotic.

[0042] In alternative embodiments of a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or method as provided herein:

[0043] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation is formulated or manufactured as or in: a nano-suspension delivery system; an encochleated formulation; or, as a multilayer crystalline, spiral structure with no internal aqueous space;

[0044] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation is formulated or manufactured as a delayed or gradual enteric release composition or formulation, and optionally the formulation comprises a gastro-resistant coating designed to dissolve at a pH of 7 in the terminal ileum, optionally an active ingredient is coated with an acrylic based resin or equivalent, optionally a poly(meth)acrylate, optionally a methacrylic acid copolymer B, NF, optionally EUDRAGIT S™ (Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany), which dissolves at pH 7 or greater, optionally comprises a multimatrix (MMX) formulation, and optionally manufactured as enteric coated to bypass the acid of the stomach and bile of the duodenum;

[0045] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation is formulated or manufactured as a delayed release, an extended release, or a gradual enteric release composition or formulation, optionally formulated using CAPSUGEL™ (Lonza)

[0046] - the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria used in a composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation as provided herein, or a method as provided herein, are substantially dormant colony forming live bacteria, or the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria or the plurality of non- pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are lyophilized, wherein optionally the dormant colony forming live bacteria comprise live vegetative bacterial cells that have been rendered dormant by lyophilization, spray drying, or freeze drying;

[0047] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation comprises at least about 1 x 104colony forming units (CFUs), or between about 1 x 101and 1 x 1013CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x IO10CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x 108CFUs, 1 x 103and 1 x 107CFUs, or 1 x 104and 1 x 106CFUs, of non-pathogenic live bacteria and / or non- pathogenic germinable bacterial spores if the composition contains microbes; and / or

[0048] - the composition, formulation or pharmaceutical formulation comprises water, sterile water, saline, sterile saline, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative, a carrier, a buffer, a diluent, an adjuvant or a combination thereof;

[0049] In alternative embodiments, the methods comprise administering an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, and optionally also administering a nutrient, infant formula or a drug such as an antibiotic or anti-cancer agent to the subject (such as an individual in need thereof). In alternative embodiments, compositions, formulations and pharmaceutical compounds as provided herein comprise, or are mixed with, or are formulated with, an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, nutrients or a drug such as an antibiotic.

[0050] In alternative embodiments, a synbiotic as provided herein augments the growth of the anti-inflammatory bacterial population present in the probiotic composition. In alternative embodiments, the prebiotic or synbiotic augments the growth of a healthy gut microbiome, or promotes restoration of a healthy gut microbiome.

[0051] In alternative embodiments, an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, further comprises a monomer or polymer selected from the group consisting of arabinoxylan, xylose, soluble fiber dextran, soluble corn fiber, polydextrose, lactose, N-acetyl-lactosamine, glucose, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the foregoing aspect, the prebiotic or synbiotic comprises a monomer or polymer selected from the group consisting of galactose, glucose, lactose, fructose, rhamnose, mannose, uronic acids, fucose, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, 2’-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, 3'-fucosyllactose, 3'- sialyllactose, 6'-sialyllactose, lacto-N-neotetraose, 2',3-di-fucosyllactose, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the foregoing aspect, the prebiotic or synbiotic comprises a monosaccharide selected from the group consisting of arabinose, fructose, fucose, lactose, galactose, glucose, mannose, D-xylose, xylitol, ribose, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the foregoing aspect, the prebiotic or synbiotic comprises a disaccharide selected from the group consisting of xylobiose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, trehalose, cellobiose, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment of the foregoing aspect, the prebiotic or synbiotic comprises a polysaccharide, wherein the polysaccharide is xylooligosaccharide. In one embodiment of the foregoing aspect, the prebiotic or synbiotic comprises a sugar selected from the group consisting of arabinose, fructose, fucose, lactose, galactose, glucose, mannose, D-xylose, xylitol, ribose, xylobiose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, lactulose, trehalose, cellobiose, xylooligosaccharide, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In alternative embodiments, compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein or as used in methods as provided herein:

[0053] - are administered orally, topically, by aerosol, sublingually, or rectally or are formulated for oral, topical, aerosol, sublingual or rectal administration, or are formulated and / or administered as a freeze-dried composition, a liposome, a liquid, a food, a gel, a supplement, a gummy, a candy, an ice, a lozenge, a tablet, pill or capsule, or a suppository or as an enema formulation, or the formulation is administered as an or is in a form for intra-rectal or intra-colonic administration;

[0054] - are formulated or mixed in an infant’s or child’s food, drink, nutritional supplement or beverage, for example, compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein are formulated or mixed into milk (for example, human milk, cow's milk or soy protein, and optionally fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients), infant formula, soy -based formulas, amino acid-based formulas, hydrolyzed infant formula (made from cow's milk or soy protein that has been broken down into smaller proteins that are easier for infants to digest), supplemental (harvested) human mother’s milk, and the like, these can be supplemented with DHA or docosahexaenoic acid, or any omega-3 fatty acid, or iron drops, or vitamin D;

[0055] - are administered to the individual in need thereof in one, two, three, or four or more doses, and wherein the one, two, three, four or five or more doses are administered on a daily basis (optionally once a day, bid or tid or more), every other day, every third day, or about once a week, and optionally the two, three, or four or more doses are administered at least a week apart (or dosages are separated by about a week);

[0056] - the compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein or as used in methods as provided herein, further comprise a drug, for example, an antibiotic, or the method further comprises administration of the drug (for example, an antibiotic), and optionally at least one dose of the drug (for example, an antibiotic) is administered before a first administration of the compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, optionally at least one dose of the antibiotic is administered one day or two days, or more, before a first administration of the compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein;

[0057] - the compositions, formulations, or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein or as used in methods as provided herein, further comprise a drug, for example, an inhibitor of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule, which can comprise a protein or polypeptide that binds to an inhibitory immune checkpoint protein, and optionally an inhibitor of the inhibitory immune checkpoint protein is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the inhibitory immune checkpoint protein;

[0058] - and optionally the inhibitor of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule targets a compound or protein comprising: a CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T- lymphocyte-associated protein 4, also known as CD 152, or cluster of differentiation 152); Programmed cell Death protein 1, also known as PD-1 or CD279; Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1), also known as cluster of differentiation 274 (CD274) or B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1)); PD-L2; A2AR (adenosine A2A receptor, also known as AD0RA2A); B7-H3; B7-H4; BTLA (B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator protein); KIR (Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor); IDO (Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3- di oxygenase); LAG3 (Lymphocyte- Activation Gene 3 protein); TIM-3; VISTA (V- domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation protein); or any combination thereof;

[0059] - and optionally the inhibitor of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comprises: ipilimumab or YERVOY®; pembrolizumab or KEYTRUDA®; nivolumab or OPDIVO®; atezolizumab or TECENTRIQ®; avelumab or BAVENCIO®; durvalumab or IMFINZI®; AMP-224 (Medlmmune), AMP-514 (an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) (Medlmmune)), PDR001 (a humanized mAb that targets PD-1), STLA1110 or STI-A1010 (Sorrento Therapeutics), BMS-936559 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), BMS-986016 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), TSR-042 (Tesaro), JNJ-61610588 (Janssen Research & Development), MSB-0020718C, AUR-012, enoblituzumab (also known as MGA271) (MacroGenics, Inc.), MBG453, LAG525 (Novartis), BMS-986015 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), cemiplimab (or LIBTAYO®) (Regeneron), or any combination thereof;

[0060] - and optionally the stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule comprises a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily, optionally CD27, CD40, 0X40, GITR (a glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family Related gene protein) or CD137, or comprises a member of the B7-CD28 superfamily, optionally CD28 or Inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS).

[0061] - and optionally the drug, nutrient or prebiotic or synbiotic is administered by: aerosol, spray, intravenous (IV) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, intratumoral injection or subcutaneous injection; or, is administered orally or by suppository; or the formulation further comprises at least one immune checkpoint inhibitor;

[0062] - and optionally compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein are administered to treat or ameliorate a condition or a disease such as a cancer for failure to thrive, or are administered to augment the drug or therapy administered to an individual in need thereof for treatment of the condition or the disease, and optionally the cancer is melanoma, advanced melanoma, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, breast cancer, a cancer of the head and neck, uterine cancer, rectal and colorectal cancer, a cancer of the head and neck, cancer of the small intestine, a colon cancer, a cancer of the anal region, a stomach cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, angiosarcoma, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer; cancer of the bladder; cancer of the kidney or ureter or renal cell carcinoma, or carcinoma of the renal pelvis; a neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS) or renal cell carcinoma; and optionally the disease or condition is Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and optionally the disease or condition is irritable bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBD), celiac disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or Crohn’s disease, and optionally the disease or condition is an autoimmune disease, wherein optionally the autoimmune disorder is an allergy such as a food, pollen or drug allergy, asthma, diabetes, Crohn’s Disease, Diabetes Type 1, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Scleroderma, and / or Psoriasis, and optionally the disease or condition is obesity, metabolic syndrome, type I or type II diabetes, or pre-diabetic syndrome, and optionally the disease or condition is arthritis, inflammatory arthritis or gout, and optionally the disease or condition is a dermatological disorder, for example, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria or angioedema; and optionally the disease or condition is a neurological disease, for example, anxiety disorder, autism, stress, bipolar syndrome, depression, psychosis, essential tremor, Tourette's syndrome, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis or other demyelinating disease, organic psychosis, obsessive compulsive disorder, Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson’s disease, and optionally the method comprises, or further comprises, administering, or having administered, or delivering, a genetically (or recombinantly) engineered cell, wherein optionally the genetically engineered cell is: a microbe or spore derived from a microbe as used in a method as provided herein, or a method as provided herein; or, a non-pathogenic bacteria or spore form thereof, or live biotherapeutic compositions (also called probiotic) or combinations or mix (or consortium) of bacteria (such those used in synbiotics as provided herein, for example, as set forth in Table 1 or Table 2), and optionally the disease or condition is an infection or a symptom or longterm sequelae of an infection (for example, long COVID), and optionally the infection is a viral, protozoan, fungal or a bacterial infection, and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered to express or secrete a heterologous or overexpress an endogenous immunomodulatory molecule, and optionally the immunomodulatory molecule is an immunomodulatory protein or peptide, and optionally the immunomodulatory molecule is an immunostimulatory molecule, and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered to overexpress a pathway for production of at least one short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and optionally the SCFA comprises butyrate or butyric acid, propionate or acetate, and optionally, the microbe is genetically engineered to express a catabolic path that provides an environment niche such as human milk oligosaccharide consumption, and optionally, the microbe is genetically engineered to express a catabolic path that shifts SCFA balance, either through consumption of production of an SCFA and optionally, the microbe is genetically engineered to consume prebiotics or synbiotics and produce postbiotics, such as the consumption of ellagic acid to produce urolithin A or the consumption of tryptophan to produce indole-3 -lactate, and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered by inserting a heterologous nucleic acid into the microbe, and optionally the heterologous nucleic acid encodes an exogenous membrane protein, and optionally the immunostimulatory molecule, protein or peptide comprises a non-specific immunostimulatory protein, and optionally the non-specific immunostimulatory protein comprises a cytokine, and optionally the cytokine comprises an interferon (optionally an IFN-a2a, IFN-a2b), and interleukin (optionally IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL- 12), an interferon (IFN), a TNF-a, a granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF, also known as filgrastim, lenograstim or Neupogen®), a granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, also known as molgramostim, sargramostim, LEUKOMAX®, MIELOGEN® or LEUKINE®), or any combination thereof, and optionally the immunostimulatory molecule, protein or peptide comprises a specific immunostimulatory protein or peptide, and optionally the specific immunostimulatory protein or peptide comprises an immunogen that can generate a specific humoral or cellular immune response or an immune response to a cancer antigen, and optionally the genetically engineered cell is a lymphocyte, and optionally the genetically engineered cell expresses a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), and optionally the lymphocyte is a B cell or a T cell (CAR-T cell), and optionally the lymphocyte is a tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered to substantially decrease, reduce or eliminate the microbe’s toxicity, and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered to comprise a kill switch so the microbe can be rendered non-vital after administration of an appropriate trigger or signal, and optionally the microbe is genetically engineered to secrete antiinflammatory compositions or have an anti-inflammatory effect, and optionally the genetically engineered cell is administered or delivered before administration of, simultaneously with, and / or after administration or delivery of the formulation.

[0063] In alternative embodiments, provided are formulations or pharmaceutical compositions comprising: a synbiotic, (a combination of at least one prebiotic and a probiotic, such as a synbiotic combinations set forth in Table 1 or Table 2, where optionally the probiotic comprises one or more species or genera (or types) of non-pathogenic bacteria, wherein each of the non-pathogenic bacteria comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non- pathogenic germinable non-pathogenic bacterial spores, or a combination or mix (or consortium) thereof, and the formulation comprises at least one (or any one, several, or all of) non-pathogenic bacteria or spore of the family or genus (or class), or live biotherapeutic compositions (also called probiotic) or combinations, mixes or consortia of bacteria.

[0064] In alternative embodiments, of compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or methods as provided herein:

[0065] - the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions comprises an inner core surrounded by an outer layer of polymeric material enveloping the inner core, wherein the non-pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are substantially in the inner core, and optionally the polymeric material comprises a natural polymeric material; - the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria are substantially dormant colony forming live bacteria, or the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria or the plurality of non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are lyophilized, wherein optionally the non-pathogenic dormant colony forming live bacteria comprise live vegetative bacterial cells that have been rendered dormant by lyophilization or freeze drying;

[0066] - the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions comprise at least 1 x 104colony forming units (CFUs), or between about 1 x 103and 1 x IO10CFUs, or between about 1 x 102and 1 x 108CFUs, 1 x 103and 1 x 107CFUs, or 1 x 104and 1 x 106CFUs, of live non-pathogenic bacteria and / or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores;

[0067] - the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions comprise water, saline, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative, a carrier, a buffer, a diluent, an adjuvant or a combination thereof;

[0068] - the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical composition are formulated for administration orally or rectally, or is formulated as a liquid, an aerosol, a spray, a powder, a food, a supplement, a nutritional aid, a medicinal food, a gel, a gel tab, a candy (for example, a lollipop), a lozenge, a tablet, pill or capsule, or a suppository;

[0069] - the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions further comprise: a biofilm disrupting or dissolving agent, an antibiotic, an inhibitor of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule and / or a stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule (or any composition for use in checkpoint blockade immunotherapy), and

[0070] - optionally the inhibitor of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule comprises a protein or polypeptide that binds to an inhibitory immune checkpoint protein, and optionally the inhibitor of the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof that binds to an inhibitory immune checkpoint protein, as described above.

[0071] In alternative embodiments, provided are kits or products of manufacture comprising a formulation or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein, wherein optionally the product of manufacture is an implant.

[0072] In alternative embodiments, provided are uses of a formulation or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein (for example, comprising a synbiotic of Table 1 or Table 2), or a kit or product of manufacture as provided herein, for: (optionally for use in making a pharmaceutical composition for:)

[0073] - controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating a cancer in an individual in need thereof,

[0074] - controlling, ameliorating, lessoning, reversing or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the dysbiosis can be the presence of a pathogenic bacteria, optionally having a high level of pathogenic bacteria, or the dysbiosis can be caused by a high level of antibiotic resistance, or a metabolic balance that skews away from that of a healthy population, or an immunological state that skews away from that of a healthy population, or a loss of metabolic function associated with a healthy population, or an increase in bacteria associated with adverse events for a mother and her child, or wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by:

[0075] - a high level of undesirable genes such as the colibactin PKS gene cluster, or

[0076] - bacteria associated with adverse events or dysbiosis to a mother and / or child because of bacterial production and expression of:

[0077] - bacterial virulence factors, optionally adhesins, including pili or fimbriae, non-fimbrial adhesins, optionally intimin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), or fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, or biofilms, optionally including polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, and alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,'

[0078] - invasins, which can promote bacterial entry into host cells or deeper tissues, often by manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix, optionally including hyaluronidase (optionally produced by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus),' collagenase, which degrades collagen, a major component of connective tissues, optionally produced by Clostridium perfringens,' InlA / InlB or internalins, which are surface proteins that interact with host cell receptors such as E-cadherin to induce uptake into non- phagocytic cells, for example, as produced by Listeria monocytogenes,' or

[0079] - type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector which inject proteins directly into host cells to manipulate host cell processes, including inducing uptake or disrupting signaling, optionally produced by a Salmonella species or enteropathogenic E. coli.

[0080] - bacterial toxins such as:

[0081] - exotoxins, optionally including neurotoxins such as Botulinum toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium botulinum, a tetanus toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium tetani; enterotoxins which can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing fluid secretion and diarrhea, optionally including Cholera toxin or a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, or heat-labile (LT) and heatstable (ST) toxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); cytotoxins optionally including Diphtheria toxin or a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Shiga toxin or a toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or alpha-toxin or a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus,- a superantigen which can activate T cells leading to an exaggerated immune response and cytokine storm, optionally including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and senterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic exotoxins of Streptococcus pyogenes;

[0082] - endotoxins, which optionally are components of a bacterial cell wall comprising primarily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacteria, and LPS is released upon bacterial lysis and can trigger a potent inflammatory response, leading to fever, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including for example LPS of E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and / or

[0083] - Immune Evasion Mechanisms, which allow bacteria to avoid or subvert the host's immune response, including for example expression of a capsule such as a polysaccharide or protein layer surrounding the bacterial cell, which can protect against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, including for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, ' and / or

[0084] - Enzymes that degrade immune component, such as an IgA protease which cleaves secretory IgA antibodies, preventing them from neutralizing bacteria on mucosal surfaces, for example including enzyme from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and optionally including catalase / Superoxide Dismutase enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes, optionally including enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus,'

[0085] - modulating the microbiome of an individual, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to positively affects the growth, thriving or health of the individual (or increases the ability of the individual to thrive), or to enhance the efficacy of a treatment in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the treatment is a drug treatment, or a treatment for cancer,

[0086] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, a disease or condition caused by a dysbiosis in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optionally the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the disease or condition is a Failure to Thrive (FTT), wherein optionally the dysbiosis treated or condition treated or ameliorated comprises dysbiosis caused or exacerbated by: premature birth, extended stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, C-section birth, drug or antibiotic treatment, drug or antibiotic treatment of the mother prior to birth, birth via cesarean section, formula feeding, and known dysbiosis of the mother,

[0087] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, an allergic reaction (optionally a food allergy), a dermatitis (optionally an atopic dermatitis), atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis (hayfever), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, obstructive sleep apnea, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome and / or asthma, - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing obesity or metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and / or

[0088] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing diabetes (optionally gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes (T1D) or juvenile diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes (T2D) or adult-onset diabetes), acute or chronic hyperglycemia.

[0089] In alternative embodiments, provided are uses of a composition, formulation or a pharmaceutical composition as provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating a cancer in an individual in need thereof.

[0090] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or a kit as provided herein, for use in controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating dysbiosis in an infant that can lead to disease. Diseases in infants that have been associated with dysbiosis include but are not limited to, diabetes, obesity, allergies, asthma, autism, and eczema.

[0091] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or a kit as provided herein, for use in controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating dysbiosis in an adult that can lead to disease. Diseases in adults that have been associated with dysbiosis include but are not limited to, cancer, diabetes, obesity, allergies, asthma, gout, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson’s disease.

[0092] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or a kit as provided herein, for use in controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating dysbiosis that can impact health outcomes for expectant mothers and their children, including their infants, wherein optionally the compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions are administered to treat a failure to thrive in an infant or child, or are administered to a healthy infant or child to increase or augment health or ability to thrive.

[0093] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or a kit as provided herein, for use in controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating dysbiosis that can impact the efficacy of a pharmaceutical treatment.

[0094] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or a kit as provided herein, for use in controlling, ameliorating, preventing or treating a cancer in an individual in need thereof. In alternative embodiments, the cancer is melanoma, advanced melanoma, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, breast cancer, a cancer of the head and neck, uterine cancer, rectal and colorectal cancer, a cancer of the head and neck, cancer of the small intestine, a colon cancer, a cancer of the anal region, a stomach cancer, lung cancer, brain cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, angiosarcoma, bone cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate cancer; cancer of the bladder; cancer of the kidney or ureter or renal cell carcinoma, or carcinoma of the renal pelvis; a neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS) or renal cell carcinoma.

[0095] In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the dysbiosis or infection can be the presence of a pathogenic bacteria, optionally having a high level of pathogenic bacteria, or the dysbiosis can be caused by a high level of antibiotic resistance, or a metabolic balance that skews away from that of a healthy population, or an immunological state that skews away from that of a healthy population, or a loss of metabolic function associated with a healthy population, or an increase in bacteria associated with adverse events for a mother and her child, or wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by an increase in numbers and / or types of bacteria associated with one or more adverse events for a mother and her child, such as the dysbiosis associated with a C-section birth, or wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by:

[0096] - a high level of undesirable genes such as the colibactin PKS gene cluster, or - bacteria associated with adverse events or dysbiosis to a mother and / or child because of bacterial production and expression of:

[0097] - bacterial virulence factors, optionally adhesins, including pili or fimbriae, non-fimbrial adhesins, optionally intimin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), or fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, or biofilms, optionally including polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, and alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,'

[0098] - invasins, which can promote bacterial entry into host cells or deeper tissues, often by manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix, optionally including hyaluronidase (optionally produced by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus),' collagenase, which degrades collagen, a major component of connective tissues, optionally produced by Clostridium perfringens,' InlA / InlB or internalins, which are surface proteins that interact with host cell receptors such as E-cadherin to induce uptake into non- phagocytic cells, for example, as produced by Listeria monocytogenes,' or

[0099] - type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector which inject proteins directly into host cells to manipulate host cell processes, including inducing uptake or disrupting signaling, optionally produced by a Salmonella species or enteropathogenic E. coli.

[0100] - bacterial toxins such as:

[0101] - exotoxins, optionally including neurotoxins such as Botulinum toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium botulinum, a tetanus toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium tetani,' enterotoxins which can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing fluid secretion and diarrhea, optionally including Cholera toxin or a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, or heat-labile (LT) and heatstable (ST) toxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); cytotoxins optionally including Diphtheria toxin or a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Shiga toxin or a toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or alpha-toxin or a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus,- a superantigen which can activate T cells leading to an exaggerated immune response and cytokine storm, optionally including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and senterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic exotoxins of Streptococcus pyogenes;

[0102] - endotoxins, which optionally are components of a bacterial cell wall comprising primarily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacteria, and LPS is released upon bacterial lysis and can trigger a potent inflammatory response, leading to fever, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including for example LPS of E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and / or

[0103] - Immune Evasion Mechanisms, which allow bacteria to avoid or subvert the host's immune response, including for example expression of a capsule such as a polysaccharide or protein layer surrounding the bacterial cell, which can protect against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, including for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae; and / or

[0104] - Enzymes that degrade immune component, such as an IgA protease which cleaves secretory IgA antibodies, preventing them from neutralizing bacteria on mucosal surfaces, for example including enzyme from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and optionally including catalase / Superoxide Dismutase enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes, optionally including enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus;

[0105] - modulating the microbiome of an individual, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to positively affects the growth, thriving or health of the individual (or increases the ability of the individual to thrive), or to enhance the efficacy of a treatment in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the treatment is a drug treatment, or a treatment for cancer,

[0106] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, a disease or condition caused by a dysbiosis in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optionally the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old. wherein optionally the disease or condition is a Failure to Thrive (FTT),

[0107] - wherein optionally the dysbiosis treated or condition treated or ameliorated comprises dysbiosis caused or exacerbated by: premature birth, extended stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, C-section birth, drug or antibiotic treatment, drug or antibiotic treatment of the mother prior to birth, birth via cesarean section, formula feeding, and known dysbiosis of the mother,

[0108] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, an allergic reaction (optionally a food allergy), a dermatitis (optionally an atopic dermatitis), atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis (hayfever), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, obstructive sleep apnea, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome and / or asthma,

[0109] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing obesity or metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD),

[0110] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing diabetes (optionally gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes (T1D) or juvenile diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes (T2D) or adult-onset diabetes), acute or chronic hyperglycemia, and / or the method comprising administering or having administered to an individual in need thereof a composition or formulation comprising: a prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, wherein each of the non-pathogenic bacteria in the synbiotic comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or a combination or mix thereof; wherein optionally at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or non- pathogenic bacterial spore in an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, is genetically engineered to comprise or express a new or heterologous trait or phenotype; wherein optionally the composition or formulation further comprises a prebiotic or prebiotic combination as set forth in Table 10, and optionally if there are different species or genera (or types) of non- pathogenic, live bacteria present in the synbiotic they are present in approximately equal amounts, or each of the different species or genera (or types) of non-pathogenic, live bacteria or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores represent at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% or more, or between about 1% and 75%, or between about 0.5 and 99%, of the total amount of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores in the formulation, and optionally only or substantially only non-pathogenic, live bacteria are present in the formulation, or only or substantially only non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation, or approximately equal amounts of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation.

[0111] In alternative embodiments of methods as provided herein:

[0112] - the methods further comprise administering or having administered one or any one of: a treatment, a prebiotic or combination prebiotics as set forth in Table 10; a metabolite or a drug, optionally an anti-viral or anti-bacterial treatment or drug; an immune checkpoint inhibitor; a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T), or an immunotherapy (optionally, an immune-enhancing therapy); or a combination thereof, and optionally the methods comprise administration of: an antimicrobial drug, optionally an antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal or antimalarial, drug, and optionally the antimicrobial (optionally antiviral) drug comprises one or any one of: lopinavir; ritonavir; oseltamivir (optionally, TAMIFLU™); lopinavir combined (formulated) with ritonavir, or KALETRA™; chloroquine phosphate (optionally, RESOCHIN™), chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) or oral chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™); remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences); nevirapine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir (or the combination efavirenz with emtricitabine and tenofovir, or ATRIPLA™); amprenavir (optionally, AGENERASE™); nelfinavir (optionally, VIRACEPT™); a thiazolide class drug, optionally nitazoxanide (or ALINIA™, NIZONIDE™) or tizoxanide (or 2 -Hydroxy - N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide); plitidepsin (also known as dehydrodidemnin B), or APLIDIN™ (PharmaMar, S.A.); an inhibitor or S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), or dioscin, or niclosamide, or NICLOCIDE™, FENASAL™, or PHENASAL™; ribavirin; an interferon such as interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon type I, interferon type II and / or interferon type III, or a combination of ribavirin and interferon beta, or a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir and interferon-beta-lb; abacavir, actemra, acyclovir optionally, (ACICLOVIR™), adefovir, amantadine, ampligen, amprenavir (optionally, AGENERASE™), aprepitant, atazanavir, balavir, baloxavir marboxil (XOFLUZA™), bepotastine, bevirimat, bictegravir, biktarvy, brilacidin, cidofovir, caspofungin, lamivudine and zidovudine ( optionally, COMBVIR™), cobicstat, colisitin, cocaine, danoprevir or danoprevir and ritonavir (optionally, GANOVO™) darunavir (or darunavir and cobicstat, optionally, PREZCOBIX™), delavirdine, descovy, didanosine, docosanol, dolutegravir, ecoliever, edoxudine, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, epirubicin, epoprostenol, etravirine, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavi, foscamet, fosfonet, ibacitabine, icatibant, idoxuridine, ifenprodil, imiquimod, imunovir, indinavir, inosine, lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, ledipasvir, leronlimab, maraviroc, methisazone, moroxydine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nexavir, nitazoxanide, norvir, a nucleoside analogue (optionally brincidofovir, didanosine, favipiravir (also known as T-705, avigan, or favilavir, Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm, Japan), vidarabine, galidesivir (optionally, BCX4430 by Biocry st, IMMUCILLIN-A™), remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), cytarabine, gemcitabine, emtricitabine, zalcitabine, stavudine, telbivudine, zidovudine, idoxuridine and / or trifluridine or any combination thereof), oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™), peginterferon alfa-2a, penciclovir, peramivir (optionally, RAPIVAB™), perfenazine, pleconaril, plurifloxacin, podophyllotoxin, pyramidine, raltegravir, rifampicin, ribavirin, rilpivirine, rimantadine, ritonavir, saquinavir, sofosbuvir, telaprevir, tegobuv, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir, tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valaciclovir (optionally, VALTREX™), valganciclovir, valrubicin, vapreotide, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viramidine, velpatasvir, vivecon, zalcitabine, zanamivir (optionally, RELENZA™) or zidovudine; a serine protease inhibitor, optionally camostat; an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, optionally camrelizumab; a compound or antibody capable of binding complement factor C5 and blocking membrane attack complex formation, optionally eculizumab; a cathepsin inhibitor, optionally a cathepsin K, B or L inhibitor, optionally relacatib; thalidomide, or thalidomide and glucocorticoid (optionally low-dose glucocorticoid), or and thalidomide and celecoxib; an antibacterial antibiotic or a macrolide drug, wherein optionally the macrolide drug comprises azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™, or AZITHROCIN™), clarithromycin (optionally, BIAXIN™), erythromycin (optionally, ERYTHROCIN™), or fidaxomicin (optionally, DIFICID™ or DIFICLIR™), troleandomycin (optionally, TEKMISIN™), tylosin (optionally, TYLOCINE™ or TYLAN™), solithromycin (optionally, SOLITHERA™), oleandomycin (or SIGMAMYCFNE™), midecamycin, roxithromycin, kitasamycin or turimycin, josamycin, carbomycin or magnamycin, and / or spiramycin; opaganib or YELIVA™; an anti-interleukin-6 antibody (e..g., tocilizumab or tocilizumab and favipiravir, optionally, ACTEMRA™); sarilumab (optionally, KEVZARA™); umifenovir (optionally, ARBIDOL™); colchicine, or COLCRYS™, MITIGARE™; a corticosteroid class drug such as budesonide (or RHINOCORT™ or PULMICORT™), prednisolone (or ORAPRED™), methyl- prednisolone, prednisone (or DELTASONE™ or ORASONE™) or hydrocortisone (or CORTEF™); an antiandrogen drug, or bicalutamide; a hydrocortisone or cortisol (or CORTEF™, SOLUCORTEF™), or hydrocortisone sodium succinate or hydrocortisone acetate or dexamethasome (or DEXTENZA™, OZURDEX™, NEOFORDEX™); famotidine, or PEPCID™; an antihistamine class drug such as azelastine, or ASTELIN™, OPTIVAR™, ALLERGODIL™, brompheniramine, fexofenadine or ALLEGRA™, pheniramine or AVIL™, or chlorpheniramine; a dendrimer, or an astodrimer sodium (Starpharma, Melbourne, Australia); a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class drug, optionally fluvoxamine, or LUVOX™, FAVERIN™, FLUVOXIN™; a nicotinic antagonist, a dopamine agonist or a noncompetitive N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid or N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMD A) antagonist; an immunosuppressive drug, or tocilizumab or atlizumab, or ACTEMRA™, or RO ACTEMRA™, or a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), or ciclosporin or cyclosporine or cyclosporin); or, any two, three or more or combination thereof; and optionally the anti-viral treatment or drug, the immune checkpoint inhibitor, the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or the immunotherapy, or the combination thereof, is administered before, during (concurrently with) and / or after administration the formulation;

[0113] - in alternative embodiments methods as provided herein comprise:

[0114] (a) the composition or formulation comprises an inner core surrounded by an outer layer of polymeric material enveloping the inner core, wherein the non- pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are substantially in the inner core, and optionally the polymeric material comprises a natural polymeric material;

[0115] (b) the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as or in: a nano-suspension delivery system; an encochleated formulation; or, as a multilayer crystalline, spiral structure with no internal aqueous space;

[0116] - the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as a delayed or gradual enteric release composition or formulation, and optionally the formulation comprises a gastro-resistant coating designed to dissolve at a pH of 7 in the terminal ileum, optionally an active ingredient is coated with an acrylic based resin or equivalent, optionally a poly(meth)acrylate, optionally a methacrylic acid copolymer B, NF, optionally EUDRAGIT S™ (Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany), which dissolves at pH 7 or greater, optionally comprises a multimatrix (MMX) formulation, and optionally manufactured as enteric coated to bypass the acid of the stomach and bile of the duodenum;

[0117] - the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria are substantially dormant colony forming live bacteria, or the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria or the plurality of non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are lyophilized, wherein optionally the dormant colony forming live bacteria comprise live vegetative bacterial cells that have been rendered dormant by lyophilization or freeze drying;

[0118] - the formulation comprises at least about 1 x 104colony forming units (CFUs), or between about 1 x 101and 1 x 1013CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x IO10CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x 108CFUs, 1 x 103and 1 x 107CFUs, or 1 x 104and 1 x 106CFUs, of non-pathogenic live bacteria and / or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores;

[0119] - the formulation comprises water, sterile water, saline, sterile saline, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative, a carrier, a buffer, a diluent, an adjuvant or a combination thereof;

[0120] - the composition or formulation is administered orally or rectally, or is formulated and / or administered as a freeze-dried composition, a liposome, a liquid, a food, a gel, a supplement, a gummy, a candy, an ice, a lozenge, a tablet, pill or capsule, or a suppository or as an enema, or the formulation is administered as an or is in a form for aerosol, topical, sublingual, oral, intra-rectal or intra-colonic administration;

[0121] - the composition or formulation comprises or is mixed into: milk (optionally, human milk, cow’s milk or soy protein, and optionally fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients), infant formula, soy -based formulas, amino acid-based formulas, hydrolyzed infant formula (optionally made from cow’s milk or soy protein that has been broken down into smaller proteins that are easier for infants to digest), or supplemental (harvested) human mother’s milk;

[0122] - the composition or formulation is administered to the individual in need thereof in one, two, three, or four or more doses, and wherein the one, two, three, or four or more doses are administered on a daily basis (optionally once a day, bid or tid), every other day, every third day, or about once a week, and optionally the two, three, or four or more doses are administered at least a week apart (or dosages are separated by about a week); and / or

[0123] - the composition or formulation further comprises a a nutrient, a metabolite or a drug, and optionally at least one dose of the nutrient, the metabolite or the drug is administered before a first administration of the formulation, mix or synbiotic, optionally at least one dose of the drug (or antibiotic), the nutrient, or the metabolite is administered one day or two days, or more, before a first administration of the formulation.

[0124] In alternative embodiments provided are uses of a composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition as provided herein, for treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

[0125] In alternative embodiments provided are compositions or formulations or a pharmaceutical composition as provided herein, for use in treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

[0126] In alternative embodiments provided are compositions or formulations or a pharmaceutical composition as provided herein for use in making a pharmaceutical composition or a formulation or a medicament for treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

[0127] The details of one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0128] The drawings set forth herein are illustrative of exemplary embodiments provided herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention as encompassed by the claims.

[0129] FIG. 1 graphically illustrates the distributions of relative abundances of a select consortia of Bifidobacteria species (total of B. infantis, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. breve relative abundances) separated by feeding mode and birth mode. Vaginally born, breast fed infants had the highest median consortia abundance. Evaluating only formula fed infants, consortia abundance is higher in C-section born infants.

[0130] FIG. 2 graphically illustrates taxa enrichment in infant gut microbiome clusters defined using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMMs). Specifically shown is the differential abundance between DMM3 (Bifidobacterium enriched) and DMM1 and DMM2 combined. Similar analyses were done for DMM2 and DMM1. The enriched taxa for each DMM cluster are listed in Table 3.

[0131] FIG. 3 graphically illustrates the difference in the distribution of antibiotic resistance hits between the Dirichlet multinomial mixture clusters. Samples that are classified as DMM3 (Bifidobacterium enriched) tend to have lower numbers of antibiotic resistance markers.

[0132] FIG. 4 graphically illustrates the inverse relationship between antibiotic resistance markers and Bifidobacterium abundance by plotting the abundance of Bifidobacterium against the presence of antibiotic resistance marker genes. Breastfeeding samples are clustered in the lower right, with higher Bifidobacterium abundance and lower antibiotic resistance genes.

[0133] FIG. 5 graphically illustrates the distributions of antibiotic resistance genes found in each sample separated by feeding mode. Breast fed babies have significantly less antibiotic resistance markers.

[0134] FIG. 6 graphically illustrates a Heatmap showing gene ortholog membership for HMO metabolism genes across many representative species found in infant gutmicrobiomes and the novel strain PB-STR-093. The representative species genomes were downloaded from GTDB release 207. The genes are grouped into H1-H5 and Urease clusters. Strain PB-STR-093 (a B. infantis subspecies) is shown below GTDB r207 B. infantis.

[0135] FIG. 7 graphically illustrates CLR of abundances of carbohydrate-active enzymes in the 3 different DMM clusters. Categories are substrate classes based on the high-level substrate classification by the CAZy database (Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) or CAZy). Light gray, DMM1; Dark gray, DMM2; black, DMM3.

[0136] FIG. 8 graphically illustrates CLR of abundances of carbohydrate active enzymes with ‘sialidase’ (a) or ‘fucosidase’ (b) in the name. Categories are substrate classes based on the high-level substrate classification by the CAZy database. Light gray, DMM1; Dark gray, DMM2; black, DMM3.

[0137] FIG. 9 is a boxplot showing CLR of abundance of 4 phage-associated genes in samples from subjects without (left bars) or with (right bars) adverse outcome reported in either the 6-month or 1-year surveys.

[0138] FIG. 10 graphically illustrates a principle coordinate analysis of My Baby Biome samples. Follow up 6-month medical history surveys from MY BABY BIOME (NCT05472688) revealing 11 individuals with adverse skin conditions of either eczema or dermatitis. These events were not as prevalent in the high Bifidobacterium region of the PCoA (upper left).

[0139] FIG. 11 graphically illustrates differences in abundance for select Bifidobacterium and combinations of Bifidobacterium for the samples from infants that developed either eczema or dermatitis vs those that didn’t by the time of the 6- month survey. Statistically significant trends (Mann-Whitney U) are seen for B. bifidum.

[0140] FIG. 12 graphically illustrates that feeding mode is a significant driver of metabolism. Differentially expressed metabolites were plotted (ANOVA statistics, FDR p-value less than (<) 0.05). Metabolite abundances are compared between infants who are breast fed (squares), breast and formula fed (circles) and formula fed (triangles) using the median centered log ratio (CLR) value.

[0141] FIG. 13 graphically illustrates a network analysis of all Bifidobacterium species, immune markers and metabolites, revealing that our core Bifidobacterium consortia (B. infantis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum) clusters tightly together and with other Bifidobacterium in the infant gut. Each node (circle) represents a feature. The node is shaded based on the multi omics dataset it came from (outlined circles for bacteria, shaded circles with no outline for metabolites, shaded with outline for immune markers). Lines connecting nodes indicate both statistical significance and strength of association (shorter = larger absolute correlation coefficient) solid lines represent positive associations, while dashed lines indicate negative associations. FIG. 14 graphically illustrates a pangenomic comparison of B. infantis strains. 10 NCBI . infantis reference strains and 1 novel isolate are shown with coincidental genes highlighted. The strains are observed to group into 2 distinct clades (Cl and C2), with Cl having a high degree of similarity within the clade. The NCBI GCA accession numbers for the strains pictured are C2-L5:GCA 001281305, C2- L4:GCA_017299595, C2-L3:GCA_017378625, C2-L2:GCA_015102215, C2- Ll:GCA_018140675, Cl-L5:GCA_000020425, Cl-L4:GCA_902381625, Cl- L3:GCA_900637215, Cl-L2:GCA_000269965, Cl-Ll:GCA_902167885.

[0142] FIG. 15 graphically illustrates a pangenome analysis of . infantis. Genomes of Persephone biosciences B. infantis strains were analyzed in combination with published B. infantis genomes to determine differentiating characteristics of strains.

[0143] FIG. 16 graphically illustratres a pangenome analysis of A longum. Genomes of Persephone biosciences B. longum strains were analyzed in combination with published B. longum genomes to determine differentiating characteristics of strains.

[0144] FIG. 17 graphically illustrates a pangenome analysis of . breve. Genomes of Persephone biosciences B. breve strains were analyzed in combination with published B. breve genomes to determine differentiating characteristics of strains.

[0145] FIG. 18 graphically illustrates cytokine expression with and without B. infantis. Cytokine induction was evaluated using supernatants from simulated gut environments compared to background media. When a simulated gut environment was generated with additional Bifidobacterium infantis (+ spike), a significant reduction in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed demonstrating the anti-inflammatory nature of the microbe in the simulated gut environment.

[0146] FIG. 19 graphically illustrates through Krona charts the outgrowth of a DMM3 gut environment in the context of human milk oligosaccharides versus formula. The gut environment maintains a DMM3 community structure dominated by Bifidobacterium when grown with human milk oligosaccharides, but when grown with formula the community structure diverges, shifting to a DMM1 community structure dominated by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Each Krona chart represents the overall community composition in a simulated gut environment.

[0147] FIG. 20 graphically illustrates through Krona charts that Bifidobacterium infantis introduction shifts the community structure in a simulated gut environment. Comparing the first two Krona charts the introduction of Bifidobacterium infantis drastically shifts the simulated gut environment from a DMM1 community structure to a DMM3 community structure. By comparing the second- and third-Krona charts, it can be seen that introduction of human milk oligosaccharide LNT further boosts the abundance of Bifidobacterium infantis in the sample, demonstrating the benefit of synbiotic administration.

[0148] FIG. 21 graphically illustrates the ability of Bifidobacterium infantis to reduce the presence of pathogens or other harmful bacteria. Upon introduction of Bifidobacterium infantis into a simulated gut environment, we see a reduction in harmful or pathogenic bacteria. Shown here are levels of three different bacteria in simulated gut environments. Groups of 4 samples show levels of Escherichia coif Streptococcus vestibularis, and Bifidobacterium infantis with indicated carbon sources and introduction of B. infantis or control (2 replicates of each). Although Bifidobacterium infantis can reduce levels of these bacteria by itself, importantly, introduction of human milk oligosaccharides such as LNT in the form of a synbiotic further reduces the presence of these bacteria, demonstrating the ability of Bifidobacterium infantis to suppress pathogens and other unwanted bacteria in a prebiotic dependent manner.

[0149] FIG. 22 graphically shows differential metabolite abundance in different Bifidobacterium combinations through center log ratio (CLR) analysis. Boxplots display the distribution of CLR values for three key metabolites: Indole-3-Lactate, 4- Hydroxyphenyllactate, and Arginine, across various combinations of Bifidobacterium ('Combo l,' 'Combo_2,' 'Combo_4,' etc.) introduced into simulated in vitro gut environments. Notably, Combo_15 serves as our control and does not include additional Bifidobacterium. The y-axis represents the CLR values, offering insights into the relative abundance of each metabolite, while the x-axis denotes the specific Bifidobacterium combinations. The figure demonstrates variations in metabolite abundance across different Bifidobacterium compositions, facilitating a deeper understanding of their metabolic profiles.

[0150] FIG. 23 graphically shows relative abundances for species that are significantly more abundant when infant Bifidobacteria are not present and relative abundances are adjusted accordingly.

[0151] FIG. 24 is two box plots demonstrating the difference in antimicrobial resistance gene abundance between birth modes.

[0152] FIG. 25 is three box plots demonstrating the difference in virulence factor abundance as a function of DMM cluster. FIG. 26 graphically illustrates the relationship between virulence factor abundance and infant Bifidobacterium abundance (Spearman p-value < le-10, rho = - 0.43). Virulence factors are reduced as infant Bifidobacterium abundance increases.

[0153] FIG. 27 is three boxplots demonstrating virulence factors in all samples as a function of feeding method. Significantly increased virulence factor abundance is seen in breastfed infants (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p< 0.0001).

[0154] FIG. 28 is three boxplots demonstrating virulence factors in C-section born infants as a function of feeding method. Significantly increased virulence factor abundance is seen in breastfed infants (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p< 0.0001).

[0155] FIG. 29 is two box plots demonstrating virulence factors as a function of birth mode. Significantly increased virulence factor abundance is seen in C-section infants.

[0156] FIG. 30 graphically shows gene presence as distributed among the three community clusters. Relative abundances of various functional genomic analyses are shown, with samples arranged in columns organized primarily by Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM) cluster (top row) and functions arranged in rows. HMO gene analogs for each sample are presented where signals are accumulated by KEGG, gene name, and ortholog clustering for Bifidobacterium infantis bion genes organized into the HMO utilization clusters H1-H5 and Urease. The species contributing the most to the HMO utilization signals for each sample were tracked; DMM3 HMO genes are most often coming from B. breve, DMM2 genes are frequently coming from B. longum, and DMM1 HMO genes primarily originate from species belonging to Clostridia, Bacilli, and Gammaproteobacteria. Virulence factors and Antimicrobial Resistance genes are seen to be more abundant in DMM1. Sialidases and fucosidases are more abundant in DMM2 and DMM3.

[0157] FIG. 31 graphically demonstrates risk factors for combined adverse health outcomes (allergies, asthma, and eczema / dermatitis) at 1-year, excluding infants given antibiotics, based on presence of 4 prophage genes and the aggregation prophage analysis (*: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001, ****: p< 0.0001).

[0158] FIG. 32 graphically shows a Scatterplot of metabolites for breastfed-only infants where there are significant differences between clusters (p <= 0.05).

[0159] FIG. 33 illustrates a bar graph showing prevalence of the core colibactin genes in each cluster; blue, colibactin negative; orange, colibactin positive; height of the bar is the percent of samples in the cluster, while the numbers above are the absolute sample count.

[0160] FIG. 34 graphically shows the clb gene abundance as a function of E. coli abundance in the sample. The red line is the best fit by linear regression. The equation of this line, R2, and p-value for significance are given.

[0161] FIG. 35 graphically illustrates a box plot showing the clb gene abundance in samples positive for clb, categorized based on the presence of infant Bifidobacterium. Infant Bifidobacterium is considered present of the total abundance of the four species is greater than 0.2%.

[0162] FIG. 36 graphically demonstrates risk factors (genomic cluster importance for adverse outcomes) for combined adverse health outcomes (allergies, asthma, and eczema / dermatitis) at two years of age using bar plots showing gene cluster features associated with adverse outcomes, identified via a logistic regression machine learning model adjusted for antibiotic exposure in the first two years of life. Bars represent the average coefficient effect size from 10 cross-validation models, with colors indicating feature types: virulence factors (dark grey) and phage-associated features (grey).

[0163] FIG. 37 graphically demonstrates relative risk (RR) of adverse outcome by 2 years of age by plotting GLM-derived associations between the infant gut microbiome clusters (DMM1, DMM2, DMM3) and adverse health outcomes by two years of age, adjusted for antibiotic exposure within the first two years. Points represent RR with 95% confidence intervals, and the dashed line indicates the baseline risk (DMM3 cluster; RR=1). The impact of antibiotic use is shown for comparison.

[0164] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0165] In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods for using them, comprising novel combinations or mixes (or consortium) of microbes (probiotics) and prebiotics, wherein optionally the probiotics can comprise non-pathogenic, live (optionally dormant) bacteria and / or bacterial spores or spheroplasts, also called live biotherapeutic compositions, for example, comprising the exemplary products as provided herein, including for example, an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2. In alternative embodiments, provided are compositions, including products of manufacture and kits, and methods for using them, for:

[0166] - controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in a newborn, an infant or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the newborn or infant is between 0 and 36 months old,

[0167] - modulating the microbiome or changing the microbiome of an individual, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant or newborn, and optionally the infant or newborn is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to positively affects the growth, thriving or health of the individual (or increases the ability of the individual to thrive),

[0168] - and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to enhance the efficacy of a treatment in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the treatment is a drug treatment or administration, optionally the drug treatment is for cancer,

[0169] - treating, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing a disease or condition caused by a dysbiosis in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant or newborn, and optionally the infant or newborn is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the disease or condition is a Failure to Thrive (FTT), the method comprising administering or having administered to an individual in need thereof, for example, a child or an infant, a formulation comprising an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2.

[0170] In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations, products of manufacture, kits and methods as provided herein are used as a therapy (for example, as a mono-therapy or as a co-therapy, or co-treatment) for the control, amelioration, prevention and / or treatment of a disease or condition, for example, a cancer.

[0171] In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations, products of manufacture, kits and / or methods as provided herein are administered to an individual receiving a drug or a therapy, for example, a cancer therapy, thereby resulting in a modification or modulation of the patient’s gut microfloral population(s), thus resulting in an enhancement of the drug or other therapy, for example, lowering the dosage or amount of drug needed for effective therapy, or the frequency with which a drug must be administered to be effective.

[0172] In alternative embodiments, by modulating or modifying the individual’s gut microbial population(s) using compositions, formulations, products of manufacture and methods as provided herein, the pharmacodynamics of a drug administered to the patient is altered, for example, the pharmacodynamics of the drug is enhanced, for example, the individual’s ability to absorb a drug is modified (for example, accelerated or slowed, or enhanced), or the dose efficacy of a drug is increased (for example, resulting in needing a lower dose of drug for an intended effect), or the gut microbes act orthogonally on the drug target (for example, resulting in the presence of the microbe being essential for the drug to have the intended effect). For example, in alternative embodiments, by modulating or modifying the patient’s gut microbial population(s) using compositions, products of manufacture and methods as provided herein the dose efficacy of a cancer drug is increased, thereby enhancing the control or treatment of that cancer.

[0173] In alternative embodiments, the amount, identity, presence, and / or ratio of gut microbiota in a subject is manipulated to facilitate a mono-therapy or one or more cotreatments; for example, in alternative embodiments, combinations or mix (or consortium) of microbes as provided herein are administered with (for example, concurrent with, or before and / or after) a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment.

[0174] Described here for the first time are novel combinations of prebiotics and specific microbes (synbiotics), and optionally the bacteria include forms naturally found in a human gut and / or comprise recombinantly engineered or cultured versions of the microbes, which optionally can be administered as a mono-therapy or as a cotherapy for, in alternative embodiments, to infants or newborns to for example increase their ability to thrive or grow or resist infection or disease, or to cancer or autoimmune patients, where in alternative embodiments the cancer patients are undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, or are undergoing a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment.

[0175] We have demonstrated a correlation between these synbiotics and the metabolic functions associated with them, and the efficacy of treatment in both human patients and mouse cancer models. In alternative embodiments, administering combinations of microbes as provided herein to cancerous mice improves the fraction of animals that show significant tumor size reduction as compared to mice given the same drug but not having their gut microbiome altered using compositions or methods as provided herein.

[0176] In alternative embodiments, the chemotherapy, radiation therapy, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment, for example, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (or inhibitors of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule) and / or stimulatory immune checkpoint molecules (or more accurately, stimulatory immune molecules), are administered with (for example, are administered concurrently or sequentially), or formulated with, the combinations of microbes as provided herein, for example, administered or formulated with non-pathogenic bacteria and / or non-pathogenic germination- competent bacterial spores as provided herein.

[0177] The immune checkpoint inhibitors (also described as an inhibitor of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule) can function by interfering with regulatory pathways that naturally exist to prevent T cell proliferation. In the tumor microenvironment these inhibitory pathways are highly active, so T cells are often driven to an ineffective state. Checkpoint inhibitors bind to particular proteins in these regulatory pathways associated with inhibition of T cell activation, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), thereby allowing excitatory T cell response to tumor antigens. Thus, in alternative embodiments, an inhibitor of an inhibitory immune checkpoint molecule is a molecule that can directly (or specifically) bind to CTLA-4, PD-1, PD-L1, or other component of the inhibitory immune checkpoint to prevent proper binding to its natural corresponding receptor or ligand.

[0178] In alternative embodiments, a stimulatory immune checkpoint molecule, which can also be, or more accurately, is described as a stimulatory immune molecule potentiates excitation and activation of T cells, either by enhancing the action of a checkpoint inhibitor or by an independent mechanism.

[0179] In alternative embodiments, provided are therapeutic compositions, including formulations and pharmaceutical compositions, comprising non-pathogenic (optionally dormant) live microbes such as bacteria and / or germination-competent bacterial spores, which can be used for the prevention or treatment of a cancer or the side effects of a cancer therapy, for example, a drug therapy, or can be used or administered with a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment.

[0180] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, comprise colony forming (optionally dormant) live bacteria and / or germinable bacterial spores which can be used in mono- or co-therapies, for example, as an adjuvant to an antineoplastic treatment administered to a cancer patient, or administered with or as a supplement to a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment.

[0181] In some embodiments, a therapeutic composition as provided herein acts or is used as a probiotic composition which can be administered with, before and / or after a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment. In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions (for example, the formulations) as provided herein, comprise the bacteria and / or spores and an antineoplastic active agent such as an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

[0182] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, comprise prebiotics in combination with colony forming (optionally dormant) live bacteria and / or germinable bacterial spores for use as a mono-therapy or in combination with (for example, as a co-therapy) or supplementary to a drug (which can be a small molecule or a protein, for example, a therapeutic antibody) blocking an immune checkpoint for inducing immunostimulation in a cancer patient. The therapeutic composition as provided herein and the drug (for example, an antibody) can be administered separately or together, or at different time points or at the same time, or can be administered sequentially or concurrently.

[0183] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein comprise prebiotics in combination with colony forming (optionally dormant) live bacteria and / or germinable bacterial spores which can be used as an adjuvant to an anti -cancer or antineoplastic treatment, for example, an immune checkpoint treatment, administered to a cancer patient. In alternative embodiments, the therapeutic composition comprises the antineoplastic or immune checkpoint active agents. In alternative embodiments, the therapeutic composition, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein are administered with or after, or both with and after, administration of the antineoplastic or immune checkpoint active agent.

[0184] In alternative embodiments, the formulation or pharmaceutical composition further comprises, or is manufactured with, an outer layer of polymeric material (for example, natural polymeric material) enveloping, or surrounding, a core that comprises the combination of microbes as provided herein.

[0185] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, can comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, and / or adjuvant. In other embodiments a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative is present. In yet other embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable germinate is present. In still other embodiments the therapeutic composition contains, or further comprises, a prebiotic nutrient at an effective dose of about 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5.0 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) body weight, or between about 0.005 and 10 mgm per kilogram body weight.

[0186] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are in the form of a tablet, gel tab or capsule, for example, a polymer capsule such as a gelatin or a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, or hypromellose) capsule (for example, VCAPS PLUS™ (Capsugel, Lonza)). In other embodiments, the therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions are in or are manufactured as a food or drink, for example, an ice, candy, lolly or lozenge, or any liquid, for example, in a beverage.

[0187] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, comprise at least one bacterial type that is not detectable, of low natural abundance, or not naturally found, in a healthy or normal subject’s (for example, human) gastrointestinal tract. In alternative embodiments, the gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine and the rectum, or combinations thereof.

[0188] In alternative embodiments, provided are methods of ameliorating, preventing or treating cancer and / or at least one symptom resulting from a cancer therapy or of a condition of the gastrointestinal tract.

[0189] In alternative embodiments, by administration of a therapeutic composition, formulation or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein to a subject, or practicing a method as provided herein, the microbiome population or composition of the subject is modulated or altered.

[0190] In alternative embodiments, the term “microbiome” encompasses the communities of microbes that can live sustainably and / or transiently in and on a subject’s body, for example, in the gut of a human, including bacteria, viruses and bacterial viruses, archaea, and eukaryotes. In alternative embodiments, the term “microbiome” encompasses the “genetic content” of those communities of microbes, which includes the genomic DNA, RNA (ribosomal-, messenger-, and transfer-RNA), the epigenome, plasmids, and all other types of genetic information.

[0191] In alternative embodiments, the term “subject” refers to any animal subject including humans, laboratory animals (for example, primates (such as monkeys), rats, mice), livestock (for example, cows, sheep, goats, pigs, turkeys, and chickens), and household pets (for example, dogs, cats, and rodents). The subject may be suffering from a disease, for example, a cancer, and autoimmune disease or condition, or a failure to thrive.

[0192] In alternative embodiments, the term “type” or “types” when used in conjunction with “bacteria” or “bacterial” refers to bacteria differentiated at the genus level, the species level, the sub-species level, the strain level, or by any other taxonomic method known in the art. In alternative embodiments, the phrase “dormant live bacteria” refers to live vegetative bacterial cells that have been rendered dormant by lyophilization or freeze drying. Such dormant live vegetative bacterial cells are capable of resuming growth and reproduction immediately upon resuscitation.

[0193] In alternative embodiments, the term “spore” also includes “endospore”, and these terms can refer to any bacterial entity which is in a dormant, non-vegetative and non-reproductive stage, including spores that are resistant to environmental stress such as desiccation, temperature variation, nutrient deprivation, radiation, and chemical disinfectants. In alternative embodiments, “spore germination” refers to the dormant spore beginning active metabolism and developing into a fully functional vegetative bacterial cell capable of reproduction and colony formation. In alternative embodiments, “germinant” is a material, composition, and / or physical-chemical process capable of inducing vegetative growth of a dormant bacterial spore in a host organism or in vitro, either directly or indirectly.

[0194] In alternative embodiments, the term “colony forming” refers to a vegetative bacterium that is capable of forming a colony of viable bacteria or a spore that is capable of germinating and forming a colony of viable bacteria.

[0195] In alternative embodiments, the term “natural polymeric material” comprises a naturally occurring polymer that is not easily digestible by human enzymes so that it passes through most of the human digestive system essentially intact until it reaches the large or small intestine.

[0196] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein comprise prebiotics in combination with population(s) of non-pathogenic dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores. The dormant live bacteria can be capable of colony formation and, in the case of spores, germination and colony formation. Thus, in alternative embodiments, compositions are useful for altering a subject’s gastrointestinal biome, for example, by increasing the population of those bacterial types or microorganisms, or are capable of altering the microenvironment of the gastrointestinal biome, for example, by changing the chemical microenvironment or disrupting or degrading intestinal mucin or biofilm, thereby providing treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal conditions, and symptoms resulting from cancer therapy, ultimately increasing the health of the subject to whom they are administered. In alternative embodiments, the terms “purify,” purified,” and “purifying” are used interchangeably to describe a population’s known or unknown composition of bacterial type(s), amount of that bacterial type(s), and / or concentration of the bacterial type(s); a purified population does not have any undesired attributes or activities, or if any are present, they can be below an acceptable amount or level. In alternative embodiments, the various populations of bacterial types are purified, and the terms “purified,” “purify,” and “purifying” refer to a population of desired bacteria and / or bacterial spores that have undergone at least one process of purification; for example, a process comprising screening of individual colonies derived from fecal matter for a desired phenotype, such as their effectiveness in enhancing the pharmacodynamics of a drug (such as a cancer drug, for example, a drug inhibitory to an immune checkpoint), for example, the individual’s ability to absorb a drug is modified (for example, accelerated or slowed, or enhanced), or the dose efficacy of a drug is increased (for example, resulting in needing a lower dose of drug for an intended effect), or the immune system is primed for improved drug efficacy, or a selection or enrichment of the desired bacterial types.

[0197] Enrichment can be accomplished by increasing the amount and / or concentration of the bacterial types, such as by culturing in a media that selectively favors the growth of certain types of microbes, by screening pure microbial isolates for the desired genotype, or by a removal or reduction in unwanted bacterial types.

[0198] In alternative embodiments, bacteria used to practice compositions and methods provided herein are derived from fecal material donors that are in good health, have microbial biomes associated with good health, and are typically free from antibiotic administration during the collection period and for a period of time prior to the collection period such that no antibiotic remains in the donor’s system. In alternative embodiments, the donor subjects do not suffer from and have no family history of renal cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, autoimmune disease. In alternative embodiments, donor subjects are free from irritable bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, colorectal cancer, anal cancer, stomach cancer, sarcomas, any other type of cancer, or a family history of these diseases. In alternative embodiments, donor subjects do not have and have no family history of mental illness, such as anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit disorders, eating disorders (for example bulimia, anorexia), mood disorder or schizophrenia. In yet other embodiments the donor subjects have no knowledge or history of food allergies or sensitivities.

[0199] In alternative embodiments, the health of fecal matter donors is screened prior to the collection of fecal matter, such as at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, or 52 weeks pre-collection. In alternative embodiments, fecal matter donors are also screened post-collection, such as at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40-, 44-, 48-, or 52-weeks post-collection. Pre- and post- screening can be conducted daily, weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, or yearly. In alternative embodiments, individuals who do not test positive for pathogenic bacteria and / or viruses (for example HIV, hepatitis, polio, adeno-associated virus, pox, coxsackievirus, etc.) pre- and post-collection are considered verified donors.

[0200] In alternative embodiments, to purify bacteria and / or bacterial spores, fecal matter is collected from donor subjects and placed in an anaerobic chamber within a short time after elimination, such as no more than 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, 45 minutes, 50 minutes, 55 minutes, or 60 minutes or more after elimination. In alternative embodiments, fecal matter samples collected from donor subjects are placed in an anaerobic chamber within between about 1 minute and 48 hours, or more, after elimination from the donor.

[0201] Bacteria from a sample of the collected fecal matter can be collected in several ways. For example, the sample can be mixed with anoxic nutrient broth, dilutions of the resulting mixture conducted, and bacteria present in the dilutions grown on solid anoxic media. Alternatively, bacteria can be isolated by streaking a sample of the collected material directly on anoxic solid media for growth of isolated colonies. In alternative embodiments, to increase the ease of isolating bacteria from fecal samples mixed with anoxic nutrient broth, the resulting mixture can be shaken, vortexed, blended, filtered, and centrifuged to break up and / or remove large non-bacterial matter.

[0202] In alternative embodiments, purification of the isolated bacteria and / or bacterial spores by any means known in the art, for example, contamination by undesirable bacterial types, host cells, and / or elements from the host microbial environment can be eliminated by reiterative streaking to single colonies on solid media until at least two replicate streaks from serial single colonies show only a single colony morphology. Purification can also be accomplished by reiterative serial dilutions to obtain a single cell, for example, by conducting multiple 10-fold serial dilutions to achieve an ultimate dilution of 10'2, 1 O'3, 1 O'4, 10'5, 10'6, 10'7, 10'8, 10'9or greater. Any methods known to those of skill in the art can also be applied. Confirmation of the presence of only a single bacterial type can be confirmed in multiple ways such as, gram staining, PCR, DNA sequencing, enzymatic analysis, metabolic profiling / analysis, antigen analysis, and flow cytometry using appropriate distinguishing reagents.

[0203] In alternative embodiments, purified population(s) of vegetative bacteria that are incorporated into therapeutic bacterial compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are fermented in growth media. Suitable growth media include NUTRIENT BROTH™ (THERMO SCIENTIFIC™ OXOID™), ANAEROBE BASAL BROTH™ (THERMO SCIENTIFIC™ OXOID™), REINFORCED CLOSTRIDIAL MEDIUM™ (THERMO SCIENTIFIC™ OXOID™), SCHAEDLER ANAEROBIC BROTH™ (THERMO SCIENTIFIC™ OXOID™), MRS BROTH™ (MILLIPORE- SIGMA™), VEGITONE ACTINOMYCES BROTH™ (MILLIPORE-SIGMA™), VEGITONE INFUSION BROTH™ (MILLIPORE-SIGMA™), VEGITONE CASEIN SOYA BROTH™ (Millipore- Sigma™), or one of the following media available from ANAEROBE SYSTEMS™: BRAIN HEART INFUSION BROTH™ (BHI), Campylobacter- Thiogly collate Broth (CAMPY-THIO), Chopped Meat Broth (CM), Chopped Meat Carbohydrate Broth (CMC), CHOPPED MEAT GLUCOSE BROTH™ (CMG), Cycloserine Cefoxitin Mannitol Broth with Taurocholate Lysozyme Cysteine (CCMB-TAL), Oral Treponeme Enrichment Broth (OTEB), MTGE- ANAEROBIC ENRICHMENT BROTH™ (MTGE), Thioglycollate Broth with Hemin, Vit. K, without indicator, (THIO), Thioglycollate Broth with Hemin, Vit. K, without indicator, (THIO), Lactobacilli-MRS Broth (LMRS), Brucella Broth (BRU-BROTH), Peptone Yeast Extract Broth (PY), PY Glucose (PYG), PY Arabinose, PY Adonitol, PY Arginine, PY Amygdalin, PYG Bile, PY Cellobiose, PY DL-Threonine, PY Dulcitol, PY Erythritol, PY Esculin, PYG Formate / Fumarate for FA / GLCf, PY Fructose, PY Galactose, PYG Gelatin, PY Glycerol, Indole-Nitrate Broth, PY Inositol, PY Inulin, PY Lactate for FA / GLCf, PY Lactose, PY Maltose, PY Mannitol, PY Mannose, PY Melezitose, PY Melibiose, PY Pyruvic Acid, PY Raffinose, PY Rhamnose, PY Ribose, PY Salicin, PY Sorbitol, PY Starch, PY Sucrose, PY Trehalose, PY Xylan, PY Xylose, Reinforced Clostridial Broth (RCB), Yeast Casitone Fatty Acids Broth with Carbohydrates (YCFAC Broth). In alternative embodiments, growth media includes or is supplemented with reducing agents such as L-cysteine, dithiothreitol, sodium thioglycolate, and sodium sulfide. In alternative embodiments, fermentation is conducted in stirred-tank fermentation vessels, performed in either batch or fed-batch mode, with nitrogen sparging to maintain anaerobic conditions. pH is controlled by the addition of concentrated base, such as NH4OH or NaOH. In the case of fed-batch mode, the feed is a primary carbon source for growth of the microorganisms, such as glucose. In alternative embodiments, the post-fermentation broth is collected, and / or the bacteria isolated by ultrafiltration or centrifugation and lyophilized or freeze dried prior to formulation.

[0204] In alternative embodiments, purified and isolated vegetative bacterial cells used in therapeutic bacterial compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, have been made dormant; noting that bacterial spores are already in a dormancy state. Dormancy of the vegetative bacterial cells can be accomplished by, for example, incubating and maintaining the bacteria at temperatures of less than 4°C, freezing and / or lyophilization of the bacteria. Lyophilization can be accomplished according to normal bacterial freeze-drying procedures as used by those of skill in the art, such as those reported by the AMERICAN TYPE CULTURE COLLECTION™ (ATCC).

[0205] In alternative embodiments, the purified population of dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores has undetectable levels of pathogenic activities, such as the ability to cause infection and / or inflammation, toxicity, an autoimmune response, an undesirable metabolic response (for example diarrhea), or a neurological response.

[0206] In alternative embodiments, all of the types of dormant live bacteria or bacterial spores present in a purified population are obtained from fecal material treated as described herein or as otherwise known to those of skill in the art. In other embodiments, one or more of the types of dormant live bacteria or bacterial spores present in a purified population is generated individually in culture and combined with one or more types obtained from fecal material. In alternative embodiments, all of the types of dormant live bacteria or bacterial spores present in a purified population are generated individually in culture. In still other embodiments, one or all of the types of dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores present in a purified population are non-naturally occurring or engineered. In yet other embodiments, non- naturally occurring or engineered non-bacterial microorganisms are present, with or without dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores.

[0207] In alternative embodiments, bacterial compositions used in compositions as provided herein, or to practice methods as provided herein, comprise combinations of different bacteria, for example, comprising at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more bacterial types, or more than 20 bacterial types, or between about 2 and 30 bacterial types.

[0208] In alternative embodiments, the bacterial compositions comprise at least about 102, 103,104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, IO10, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, or more (or between about 102to 1015, or between about 103to IO20) microbes, for example, dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores. In some embodiments each bacterial type is equally represented in the total number of dormant live bacteria and / or bacterial spores. In other embodiments, at least one bacterial type is represented in a higher amount than the other bacterial type(s) found in the composition.

[0209] In alternative embodiments, a population of different bacterial types used in compositions as provided herein, or to practice methods as provided herein, can increase microbe populations found in the subject’s (or an individual in need thereof) gastrointestinal (GI) tract by at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 200%, 300%, 400%, 500%, 600%, 700%, 800%, 900% or 1000%, optionally up to 10,000% or more or between about 5% and 2000%, or more or between about 1% and 10,000%, as compared to the subject’s microbiome gastrointestinal population prior to treatment, wherein optionally the individual in need thereof is an infant or a newborn.

[0210] In alternative embodiments, the combination of microbes, for example, combination of bacterial cells and / or spores, used in compositions as provided herein, or to practice methods as provided herein, are mixed with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, such as diluents, carriers, adjuvants, binders, fillers, salts, lubricants, glidants, disintegrants, coatings, coloring agents, etc. Examples of such excipients are acacia, alginate, alginic acid, aluminum acetate, benzyl alcohol, butyl paraben, butylated hydroxy toluene, citric acid, calcium carbonate, candelilla wax, croscarmellose sodium, confectioner sugar, colloidal silicone dioxide, cellulose, plain or anhydrous calcium phosphate, camuba wax, com starch, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, calcium stearate, calcium disodium EDTA, copolyvidone, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, cetylpyridine chloride, cysteine HCL, crossprovidone, calcium phosphate di or tri basic, dibasic calcium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, dimethicone, erythrosine sodium, ethyl cellulose, gelatin, glyceryl monooleate, glycerin, glycine, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl behenate, hydroxy propyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, hypromellose, HPMC phthalate, inulin, iron oxides or ferric oxide, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide red or ferric oxide, lactose hydrous or anhydrous or monohydrate or spray dried, magnesium stearate, maltodextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, methyl cellulose, magnesium carbonate, mineral oil, methacrylic acid copolymer, magnesium oxide, methyl paraben, providone or PVP, PEG, polysorbate 80, propylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, propylene paraben, polaxamer 407 or 188, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sorbate, potato starch, phosphoric acid, polyoxyl40 stearate, sodium starch glycolate, starch pregelatinized, sodium carmellose, sodium lauryl sulfate, starch, silicon dioxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, sucrose, sorbic acid, sodium carbonate, saccharin sodium, sodium alginate, silica gel, sorbiton monooleate, sodium stearyl fumarate, sodium chloride, sodium metabisulfite, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium starch, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, succinic acid, sodium propionate, titanium dioxide, talc, triacetin, and tri ethyl citrate.

[0211] In alternative embodiments, the combinations of microbes, for example, combination of bacterial cells and / or spores, used in compositions as provided herein, or to practice methods as provided herein, are fabricated as colonic or microflora- triggered delivery systems, as described for example, in Basit et al, J. Drug Targeting, 17: 1, 64-71; Kotla, Int J Nanomedicine. 2016; 11 : 1089-1095; Bansai et al, Polim Med. 2014 Apr-Jun;44(2):109-18; or, Shah et al, Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2011 Jun;8(6):779-96.

[0212] In alternative embodiments, combinations of microbes, for example, combination of bacterial cells and / or spores, used in compositions as provided herein, or to practice methods as provided herein, are encapsulated in at least one polymeric material, for example, a natural polymeric material, such that there is a core of bacterial cells and / or spores surrounded by a layer of the polymeric material, for example, a polysaccharide. Examples of suitable polymeric materials are those that have been demonstrated to remain intact through the GI tract until reaching the small or large intestine, where they are degraded by microbial enzymes in the intestines. Exemplary natural polymeric materials can include, but are not restricted to, chitosan, inulin, guar gum, xanthan gum, amylose, alginates, dextran, pectin, khava, and albizia gum (Dafe et al. (2017) Int J Biol Macromol 97: 299-307; Kofla et al. (2016) Int J Nanomedicine 11 : 1089-1095).

[0213] In alternative embodiments, compositions provided herein are suitable for therapeutic administration to a human or other mammal in need thereof. In alternative embodiments the compositions are produced by a process comprising, for example,: (a) obtaining fecal material from a mammalian donor subject, (b) subjecting the fecal material to at least one purification treatment under conditions that produce a single bacterial type population of bacteria and / or bacterial spores, or a combination of bacterial types and / or bacterial spores, (c) optionally combining the purified population with another purified population obtained from the same or different fecal material, from cultured conditions, or from a genetic stock center such as ATCC or DSMZ, (d) if the microbes, for example, bacterial cells, are not dormant, then treating the purified population(s) under conditions that cause vegetative bacterial cells to become dormant, and (e) placing the dormant bacteria and / or bacterial spores in a vehicle for administration.

[0214] In alternative embodiments, compositions, formulations and pharmaceutical compositions, which comprise on or a mixture of microbes (for example, bacteria) as provided herein, for example, bacterial cells and / or spores, or to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for oral, topical, aerosol, rectal or gastric administration to a mammalian subject, for example, a human subject or individual in need thereof, such as a human infant or newborn.

[0215] In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations and pharmaceutical compositions are formulated for oral administration as a solid, semisolid, gel or liquid form, such as in the form of a pill, tablet, capsule, lozenge, food, extract or beverage. In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations and pharmaceutical compositions are formulated for administration to an infant or newborn, for example, formulated with, mixed with or added to a liquid or powder including for example: milk (for example, human milk, cow's milk or soy protein, and optionally fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients), infant formula, soybased formulas, amino acid-based formulas, hydrolyzed infant formula (made from cow's milk or soy protein that has been broken down into smaller proteins that are easier for infants to digest), supplemental (harvested) human mother’s milk, and the like. In alternative embodiments, the compositions, formulations and pharmaceutical compositions are formulated with, mixed with or added to a gel, liquid or powder or foods, for example, a food or gel that requires little mastication, such as any beverage, juices, juice extracts, yogurt, puddings, gelatins, and ice cream. Examples of extracts include crude and processed pomegranate juice, strawberry, raspberry and blackberry. Examples of suitable beverages include cold beverages, such as juices (pomegranate, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, cranberry, acai, cloudberry, and the like, and combinations thereof) and teas (green, black, and the like) and oaked wine.

[0216] In alternative embodiments, formulations and pharmaceutical compositions further comprise, or methods as provided herein further comprise administration of, at least one prebiotic, metabolic precursor, drug or nutrient; optionally for example, the antibiotic comprises: a doxycycline, chlortetracycline, tetracycline hydrochloride, oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, methacycline, minocycline, penicillin (such as 2- Pentenylpenicillin, Benzylpenicillin, p-Hydroxybenzylpenicillin, n-Heptylpenicillin), amoxicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, spiramycin, oleandomycin, josamycin, kitasamycin, flurithromycin, nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, norfloxacin, perfloxacin, amifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, rifabutin, rifampicin, rifapentine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, sulfadoxine, sulfasalazine, sulfaphenazole, dapsone, sulfapyridine, linezolid, Vitamin D, urolithin A (or 3,8-Dihydroxy-6H- dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one), urolithin B (or 3-Hydroxy-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one), urolithin C, Urolithin D (3,4,8,9-Tetrahydroxyurolithin) or any combination thereof. In alternative embodiments, the antibiotic or a combination of antibiotics are administered before, during and / or after administration of formulations and pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein.

[0217] Gradual or Delayed Release Formulations

[0218] In alternative embodiments, exemplary compositions, formulations or pharmaceutical formulations as provided herein, or as used in methods as provided herein, comprise, contain or are coated by an enteric coating to protect a microbe, for example, a bacteria or mix of bacteria as provided herein, in a formulation and pharmaceutical compositions as provided herein to allow it to pass through the stomach and small intestine (for example, protect the administered combination of microbes such that a substantial majority of the microbes remain viable), although spores are typically resistant to the stomach and small intestines.

[0219] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated with a delayed release composition or formulation, coating or encapsulation. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are designed or formulated for implantation of living microbes, for example, bacteria or spores, into the gut, including the intestine and / or the distal small bowel and / or the colon. In this embodiment the living microbes, for example, bacteria pass the areas of danger, for example, stomach acid and pancreatic enzymes and bile, and reach the intestine substantially undamaged to be viable and implanted in the GI tract.

[0220] In alternative embodiments, a formulation or pharmaceutical preparation, or the combination of microbes contained therein, is liquid, frozen, lyophilized or freeze- dried. In alternative embodiments, for example, for an encapsulated formulation, or are in powdered or aerosol or spray form. In alternative embodiments, if a formulation or pharmaceutical preparation as provided herein is in a powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form, the powder, lyophilate or freeze-dried form can be in a container such as a bottle, cartridge, packet or packette, or sachet, and the powder, lyophilate or freeze-dried form can be hydrated or reconstituted by a liquid, for example by adding water, saline, juice, milk, formula (such as infant formula) and the like to the powder, lyophilate or freeze-dried form, for example, the powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form can be added to the liquid. In alternative embodiments, a powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form as provided herein is in a bottle or container, and the liquid is added to the bottle or container, and this mixture can be consumed by an individual in need thereof. In alternative embodiments, a powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form as provided herein is in a cartridge that can be part of a container or bottle, and the powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form can be mixed with the liquid, for example, as described in U.S patent no. 8,590,753. In alternative embodiments, a powdered, lyophilate or freeze-dried form as provided herein can be contained in or can be added to a container or bottle as described for example, in U.S patent nos. 10,315,815; 10,315,803; 10,281,317; 10,183,116; 9,809,374; 9,345,831; 9,173,999; 7,874,420. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release using cellulose acetate (CA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), for example, as described by Defang et al. (2005) Drug Develop. & Indust. Pharm. 31 :677-685, who used CA and PEG with sodium carbonate in a wet granulation production process.

[0221] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release using a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), a microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and magnesium stearate, as described for example, in Huang et al. (2004) European J. of Pharm. & Biopharm. 58: 607-614).

[0222] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release using for example, a poly(meth)acrylate, for example a methacrylic acid copolymer B, a methyl methacrylate and / or a methacrylic acid ester, a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or a PVP- K90 and a EUDRAGIT® RL PO™, as described for example, in Kuksal et al. (2006) AAPS Pharm. 7(1), article 1, El to E9.

[0223] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 20100239667. In alternative embodiments, the composition comprises a solid inner layer sandwiched between two outer layers. The solid inner layer can comprise the non-pathogenic bacteria and / or spores, and one or more disintegrants and / or exploding agents, or one or more effervescent agents or a mixture. Each outer layer can comprise a substantially water soluble and / or crystalline polymer or a mixture of substantially water soluble and / or crystalline polymers, for example, a polyglycol. These can be adjusted to achieve delivery of the living components to the intestine.

[0224] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 20120183612, which describes stable pharmaceutical formulations comprising active agents in a non-swellable diffusion matrix. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are released from a matrix in a sustained, invariant and, if several active agents are present, independent manner and the matrix is determined with respect to its substantial release characteristics by ethylcellulose and at least one fatty alcohol to deliver bacteria distally.

[0225] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,274, which describes a bilayer tablet containing an active agent (for example, an opiate analgesic), a polyalkylene oxide, a polyvinylpyrrolidone and a lubricant in the first layer and a second osmotic push layer containing polyethylene oxide or carboxy-methylcellulose.

[0226] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 20030092724, which describes sustained release dosage forms in which a nonopioid analgesic and opioid analgesic are combined in a sustained release layer and in an immediate release layer, sustained release formulations comprising microcrystalline cellulose, EUDRAGIT RSPO™, CAB-O-SIL™, sodium lauryl sulfate, povidone and magnesium stearate.

[0227] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 20080299197, describing a multi-layered tablet for a triple combination release of active agents to an environment of use, for example, in the GI tract. In alternative embodiments, a multi-layered tablet is used, and it can comprise two external drug-containing layers in stacked arrangement with respect to and on opposite sides of an oral dosage form that provides a triple combination release of at least one active agent. In one embodiment the dosage form is an osmotic device, or a gastro-resistant coated core, or a matrix tablet, or a hard capsule. In these alternative embodiments, the external layers may contain biofilm dissolving agents and internal layers can comprise viable / living bacteria, for example, a formulation comprising: one (for example, as in a synbiotic, or combination of one species and a probiotic, such as a synbiotic combination as set forth in Table 1 or Table 2), or, at least two different species or genera (or types) of, non-pathogenic bacteria as used to practice methods as provided herein.

[0228] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated as multiple layer tablet forms, for example, where a first layer provides an immediate release of a formulation or pharmaceutical preparation as provided herein and a second layer provides a controlled-release of another (or the same) bacteria or drug, or another active agent, for example, as described for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,514,531 (disclosing a coated trilayer immediate / prolonged release tablet), U.S. Pat. No. 6,087,386 (disclosing a trilayer tablet), U.S. Pat. No. 5,213,807 (disclosing an oral trilayer tablet with a core comprising an active agent and an intermediate coating comprising a substantially impervious / impermeable material to the passage of the first active agent), and U.S. Pat. No. 6,926,907 (disclosing a trilayer tablet that separates a first active agent contained in a film coat from a core comprising a controlled-release second active agent formulated using excipients which control the drug release, the film coat can be an enteric coating configured to delay the release of the active agent until the dosage form reaches an environment where the pH is above four).

[0229] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed or gradual enteric release as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 20120064133, which describes a release-retarding matrix material such as: an acrylic polymer, a cellulose, a wax, a fatty acid, shellac, zein, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated castor oil, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a vinyl acetate copolymer, a vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyethylene oxide, an acrylic acid and methacrylic acid copolymer, a methyl methacrylate copolymer, an ethoxyethyl methacrylate polymer, a cyanoethyl methacrylate polymer, an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, a poly(acrylic acid), a poly(methacrylic acid), a methacrylic acid alkylamide copolymer, a poly(methyl methacrylate), a poly(methacrylic acid anhydride), a methyl methacrylate polymer, a polymethacrylate, a poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer, a polyacrylamide, an aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer, a glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, a methyl cellulose, an ethylcellulose, a carboxymethylcellulose, a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, a hydroxymethyl cellulose, a hydroxyethyl cellulose, a hydroxypropyl cellulose, a crosslinked sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a crosslinked hydroxypropylcellulose, a natural wax, a synthetic wax, a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid, a fatty acid ester, a fatty acid glyceride, a hydrogenated fat, a hydrocarbon wax, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, beeswax, glycowax, castor wax, carnauba wax, a polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, a copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid, carboxymethyl starch, potassium methacrylate / divinylbenzene copolymer, cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, polyethylene glycols, non-cross linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl acetate copolymers or any combination thereof. In alternative embodiments, spherical pellets are prepared using an extrusion / spheronization technique, of which many are well known in the pharmaceutical art. The pellets can comprise one or more formulations or pharmaceutical preparations as provided herein.

[0230] In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are formulated for delayed release, extended release, or gradual enteric release, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. 20110218216, which describes an extended-release pharmaceutical composition for oral administration, and uses a hydrophilic polymer, a hydrophobic material and a hydrophobic polymer or a mixture thereof, with a microenvironment pH modifier. The hydrophobic polymer can be ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, methacrylic acid-acrylic acid copolymers or a mixture thereof. The hydrophilic polymer can be polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, polyethylene oxide, acrylic acid copolymers or a mixture thereof. The hydrophobic material can be a hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated castor oil, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, beeswax, paraffin wax, stearic acid, glyceryl behenate, cetyl alcohol, cetostearyl alcohol or and a mixture thereof. The microenvironment pH modifier can be an inorganic acid, an amino acid, an organic acid or a mixture thereof. Alternatively, the microenvironment pH modifier can be lauric acid, myristic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid; glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, sodium dihydrogen citrate, gluconic acid, a salicylic acid, tosylic acid, cresylic acid or malic acid or a mixture thereof.

[0231] In alternative embodiments, therapeutic combinations or formulations, or pharmaceuticals or the pharmaceutical preparations as provided herein, or as used in methods as provided herein, are formulated as a delayed or gradual enteric release composition or formulation, and optionally the formulation comprises a gastro- resistant coating designed to dissolve at a pH of 7 in the terminal ileum, for example, an active ingredient is coated with an acrylic based resin or equivalent, for example, a poly(meth)acrylate, for example a methacrylic acid copolymer B, NF, which dissolves at pH 7 or greater, for example, comprises a multimatrix (MMX) formulation. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are powders or aerosol that can be included into a suitable carrier, for example, such as a liquid, a tablet or a suppository. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are ‘powders for reconstitution’ as a liquid to be drunk, placed down a naso-duodenal tube or used as an enema for patients to take home and self-administer enemas. In alternative embodiments, compositions and formulations as provided herein, and compositions and formulations used to practice methods as provided herein, are micro-encapsulated, formed into tablets and / or placed into capsules, especially enteric-coated capsules. In alternative embodiments, compositions as provided herein are formulated to be effective in a given mammalian subject in a single administration or over multiple administrations. In some embodiments, a substrate or prebiotic required by the bacterial type in a formulation as provided herein is administered for a period of time in advance of the administration of the combination of microbes, for example, bacterial compositions, as provided herein. Such administration (for example, of prebiotics) pre-loads the gastrointestinal tract with the substrates needed by the bacterial types of the composition and increases the potential for the bacterial composition to have adequate resources to perform the required metabolic reactions. In other embodiments, the composition is administered simultaneously with the substrates required by the bacterial types a formulation as provided herein. In still other embodiments the substrate or prebiotic is administered alone. In alternative embodiments, efficacy is measured by an increase in the population of those bacterial types in the subject’s intestinal tract, or an increase in the population of those bacterial types originally found in the subject’s intestinal tract before treatment.

[0232] In alternative embodiments, compositions as provided herein comprise, further comprise, or have added to: at least one probiotic or prebiotic, wherein optionally the prebiotic comprises an inulin, lactulose, extracts of artichoke, chicory root, oats, barley, various legumes, garlic, kale, beans or flakes or an herb, mammalian milk oligosaccharides, or mucin, wherein optionally the probiotic comprises a cultured or stool -extracted microorganism or bacteria, or a bacterial component, and optionally the bacteria or bacterial component comprises or is derived from a Bacteroidetes, a Firmicutes, a Proteobacteria, a Venicomicrobia. an Actinobacteria, a Lactobacilli, a Bifidobacteria, an E. coli, a Streptococcus faecalis and equivalents.

[0233] In alternative embodiments, compositions as provided herein comprise, further comprise, or have added to: at least one congealing agent, wherein optionally the congealing agent comprises an arrowroot or a plant starch, a powdered flour, a powdered potato or potato starch, an absorbant polymer, an Absorbable Modified Polymer, and / or a corn flour or a corn starch; or, further comprise an additive selected from one or more of a saline, a media, a defoaming agent, a surfactant agent, a lubricant, an acid neutralizer, a marker, a cell marker, a drug, an antibiotic, a contrast agent, a dispersal agent, a buffer or a buffering agent, a sweetening agent, a debittering agent, a flavoring agent, a pH stabilizer, an acidifying agent, a preservative, a desweetening agent and / or coloring agent, vitamin, mineral and / or dietary supplement, or a prebiotic nutrient; or, further comprise, or have added to: at least one Biofilm Disrupting Compound, wherein optionally the biofilm disrupting compound comprises an enzyme, a deoxyribonuclease (DNase), N-acetylcysteine, an auranofin, an alginate lyase, glycoside hydrolase dispersin B; a Quorum-sensing inhibitor, a ribonucleic acid III inhibiting peptide, Salvadora persica extracts, Competence-stimulating peptide, Patulin and penicillic acid; peptides - cathelicidin- derived peptides, small lytic peptide, PTP-7, nitric oxide, neo-emulsions; ozone, lytic bacteriophages, lactoferrin, xylitol hydrogel, synthetic iron chelators, a statin (optionally lovastatin (optionally MEV ACOR™), simvastatin (optionally ZOCOR™), atorvastatin (optionally LIPITOR™), pravastatin (optionally PRAVACHOL™), fluvastain (optionally LESCOL™) or rosuvastatin (optionally CRESTOR™)), cranberry components, curcumin, silver nanoparticles, Acetyl-11- keto-P-boswellic acid (AKBA), barley coffee components, probiotics, sinefungin, S- adenosylmethionine, S-adenosyl-homocysteine, Delisea furanones, N-sulfonyl homoserine lactones or any combination thereof.

[0234] In alternative embodiments, compositions as provided herein comprise, further comprise, or have added to: a flavoring or a sweetening agent, an aspartame, a stevia, monk fruit, a sucralose, a saccharin, a cyclamate, a xylitol, a vanilla, an artificial vanilla or chocolate or strawberry flavor, an artificial chocolate essence, or a mixture or combination thereof.

[0235] Products of Manufacture and Kits

[0236] Provided are products of manufacture, for example, implants or pharmaceuticals, and kits, containing components for practicing methods as provided herein, for example, including a formulation comprising an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, containing a prebiotic and a combination of microbes as provided herein, such as for example, freshly isolated microbes, cultured microbes, or genetically engineered microbes, or one, or, at least two different species or genera (or types) of, non-pathogenic bacteria, wherein each of the non-pathogenic bacteria comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non- pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or a combination thereof, and optionally including instructions for practicing methods as provided herein.

[0237] Companion Diagnostics and Participant Biomarkers

[0238] Provided are biomarkers indicative of dysbiosis or eubiosis in adults that are at high risk for a disease such as colorectal cancer. These biomarkers may be in the form of microbial species abundance in the gut (or abundance in the colon), microbial gene expression or protein expression, or abundance of a metabolite in a stool sample or a sample of bacteria taken from the gut. Alternatively, the biomarkers may be metabolite concentration, cytokine profile, or protein expression in the blood. These biomarkers are used to determine the level of dysbiosis in a participants gut and predict methods of treatment that will improve the dysbiosis to reduce the risk associated with disease, such as colorectal cancer.

[0239] Genetic Modification of Microbial Therapeutics

[0240] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered (or genetically modified). In alternative embodiments, one several (for example, between about 1% and 99%) or all of a combination or mix of microbes as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered.

[0241] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to metabolize or consume a prebiotic, for example, a prebiotic as described in Table 10.

[0242] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to increase their efficacy, for example, to increase the efficacy of a chemotherapy, a radiation therapy, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (for example, a checkpoint inhibitor therapy), a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or other immunotherapy or cancer treatment.

[0243] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to substantially decrease, reduce or eliminate their toxicity.

[0244] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to comprise a kill switch so they can be rendered non-vital after administration of an appropriate trigger or signal.

[0245] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to secrete anti-inflammatory compositions or have an anti-inflammatory effect.

[0246] In alternative embodiments, microbes, for example, bacteria or mixes of bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, are genetically engineered to secrete an anti-cancer or a cytostatic substance.

[0247] Microbes, for example, bacteria, used in compositions as provided herein, or used to practice methods as provided herein, can be genetically engineered using any method known in the art, for example, as discussed in the Examples, below. For example, one or more gene sequence(s) and / or gene cassette(s) may be expressed on a high-copy plasmid, a low-copy plasmid, or a chromosome. In some embodiments, expression from the plasmid is used to increase expression of an inserted, for example, heterologous nucleic acid, for example, a gene or protein encoding sequence or an inhibitory nucleic acid such as an antisense or siRNA-encoding nucleic acid. The inserted nucleic acid of interest can be inserted into a bacterial chromosome at one or more integration sites.

[0248] For example, in alternative embodiments, microbes as provided herein or used to practice methods as provided herein are genetically engineered to comprise one or more gene sequence(s) and / or gene cassette(s) for producing a non-native antiinflammation and / or gut barrier function enhancer molecule. In alternative embodiments, the anti-inflammation and / or gut barrier function enhancer molecule comprises a short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, propionate, acetate, IL-2, IL-22, superoxide dismutase (SOD), GLP-2, GLP-1, IL-10, IL-27, TGF-.beta.l, TGF-.beta.2, N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPES), elafin (also known as peptidase inhibitor 3 or SKALP), trefoil factor, melatonin, PGD2, kynurenic acid, and kynurenine. A molecule may be primarily anti-inflammatory, for example, IL- 10, or primarily gut barrier function enhancing, for example, GLP-2.

[0249] In alternative embodiments, microbes as provided herein or used to practice methods as provided herein are genetically engineered to comprise one or more gene sequence(s) and / or gene cassette(s) that are inhibitory to the activity of, or substantially or completely inhibit expression of, bacterial virulence factors, toxins such as colibactin, or antibiotic resistance functions.

[0250] In alternative embodiments, microbes as provided herein or used to practice methods as provided herein are genetically engineered to comprise one or more gene sequence(s) and / or gene cassette(s) that are inhibitory to (or ameliorate or prevent the effects of):

[0251] - bacterial virulence factors, optionally adhesins, including pili or fimbriae, non-fimbrial adhesins, optionally intimin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), or fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, or biofilms, optionally including polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, and alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,'

[0252] - invasins, which can promote bacterial entry into host cells or deeper tissues, often by manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix, optionally including hyaluronidase (optionally produced by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus) collagenase, which degrades collagen, a major component of connective tissues, optionally produced by Clostridium perfringens; InlA / InlB or internalins, which are surface proteins that interact with host cell receptors such as E-cadherin to induce uptake into non- phagocytic cells, for example, as produced by Listeria monocytogenes,' or

[0253] - type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector which inject proteins directly into host cells to manipulate host cell processes, including inducing uptake or disrupting signaling, optionally produced by a Salmonella species or enteropathogenic E. coli.

[0254] - bacterial toxins such as:

[0255] - exotoxins, optionally including neurotoxins such as Botulinum toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium botulinum, a tetanus toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium tetani; enterotoxins which can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing fluid secretion and diarrhea, optionally including Cholera toxin or a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, or heat-labile (LT) and heatstable (ST) toxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); cytotoxins optionally including Diphtheria toxin or a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Shiga toxin or a toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or alpha-toxin or a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus,- a superantigen which can activate T cells leading to an exaggerated immune response and cytokine storm, optionally including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and senterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic exotoxins of Streptococcus pyogenes;

[0256] - endotoxins, which optionally are components of a bacterial cell wall comprising primarily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacteria, and LPS is released upon bacterial lysis and can trigger a potent inflammatory response, leading to fever, shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), including for example LPS of E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and / or - Immune Evasion Mechanisms, which allow bacteria to avoid or subvert the host's immune response, including for example expression of a capsule such as a polysaccharide or protein layer surrounding the bacterial cell, which can protect against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, including for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, ' and / or

[0257] - Enzymes that degrade immune component, such as an IgA protease which cleaves secretory IgA antibodies, preventing them from neutralizing bacteria on mucosal surfaces, for example including enzyme from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and optionally including catalase / Superoxide Dismutase enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes, optionally including enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus,'

[0258] Table 1 : lists exemplary synbiotic combinations as provided herein:

[0259] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0260] 2 Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0261] 3 Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0262] 4 Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0263] 5 Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0264] 6 Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0265] 7 Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0266] 8 Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0267] 9 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0268] 10 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0269] 11 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0270] 12 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0271] 13 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0272] 14 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0273] 15 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0274] 16 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0275] 17 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0276] 18 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0277] 19 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0278] 20 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0279] 21 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0280] 22 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0281] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0282] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0283] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0284] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0285] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0286] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0287] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0288] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0289] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0290] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0291] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0292] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0293] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0294] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0295] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0296] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0297] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0298] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0299] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0300] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0301] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0302] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0303] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0304] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0305] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0306] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0307] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0308] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0309] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0310] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0311] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0312] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0313] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0314] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0315] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0316] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0317] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0318] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0319] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0320] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0321] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0322] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0323] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0324] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0325] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0326] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0327] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0328] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0329] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium infantis

[0330] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium longum

[0331] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0332] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium breve

[0333] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium infantis

[0334] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium longum

[0335] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0336] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium breve

[0337] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + ■ Bifidobacterium infantis

[0338] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + ■ Bifidobacterium longum

[0339] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + ■ Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0340] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + ■ Bifidobacterium breve

[0341] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0342] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0343] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0344] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0345] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0346] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0347] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0348] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0349] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0350] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0351] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0352] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0353] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0354] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0355] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0356] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0357] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0358] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0359] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0360] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0361] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0362] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0363] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0364] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0365] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0366] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0367] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0368] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0369] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0370] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0371] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0372] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0373] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0374] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0375] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0376] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + I

[0377] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0378] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0379] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0380] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0381] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0382] Bifidobacterium longum

[0383] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0384] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0385] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0386] Bifidobacterium breve

[0387] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0388] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0389] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0390] Bifidobacterium breve

[0391] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0392] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0393] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0394] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0395] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0396] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0397] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0398] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0399] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0400] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0401] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0402] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0403] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0404] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0405] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0406] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0407] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0408] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0409] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0410] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0411] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0412] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0413] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0414] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0415] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0416] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0417] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0418] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0419] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0420] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0421] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0422] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0423] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0424] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0425] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0426] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0427] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0428] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0429] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0430] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0431] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0432] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0433] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0434] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0435] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0436] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0437] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0438] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0439] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0440] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0441] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0442] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0443] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0444] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0445] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0446] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0447] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0448] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0449] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose ■ Bifidobacterium infantis

[0450] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0451] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0452] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0453] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0454] Bifidobacterium longum

[0455] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0456] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0457] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0458] Bifidobacterium breve

[0459] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0460] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0461] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0462] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0463] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0464] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0465] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0466] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0467] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0468] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0469] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0470] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0471] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0472] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0473] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0474] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0475] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0476] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0477] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0478] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0479] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0480] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0481] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0482] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0483] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0484] Bifidobacterium longum

[0485] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0486] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0487] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0488] Bifidobacterium breve

[0489] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0490] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0491] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0492] Bifidobacterium breve

[0493] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum +

[0494] Bifidobacterium breve

[0495] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0496] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0497] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0498] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0499] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0500] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium longum

[0501] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0502] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0503] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0504] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0505] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0506] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0507] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0508] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0509] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0510] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0511] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0512] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0513] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0514] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0515] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0516] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0517] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0518] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0519] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0520] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0521] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0522] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0523] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0524] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0525] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0526] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0527] Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0528] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0529] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0530] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0531] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0532] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0533] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0534] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0535] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0536] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0537] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + I Bifidobacterium bifidum + I Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + ■ Bifidobacterium infantis + ■ Bifidobacterium longum

[0538] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0539] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0540] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0541] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0542] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0543] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0544] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0545] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0546] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0547] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0548] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0549] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0550] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0551] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0552] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0553] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0554] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0555] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 6 -sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0556] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0557] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0558] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0559] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0560] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0561] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0562] Bifidobacterium longum

[0563] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0564] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0565] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0566] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0567] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0568] Bifidobacterium longum

[0569] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0570] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0571] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0572] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0573] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0574] Bifidobacterium longum

[0575] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0576] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0577] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0578] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0579] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0580] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0581] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0582] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0583] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0584] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0585] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0586] Bifidobacterium longum

[0587] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0588] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0589] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0590] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0591] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0592] Bifidobacterium longum

[0593] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0594] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0595] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0596] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0597] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0598] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0599] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0600] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0601] Bifidobacterium infantis

[0602] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0603] Bifidobacterium longum

[0604] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0605] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0606] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0607] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0608] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0609] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0610] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0611] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0612] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0613] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0614] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0615] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0616] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0617] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0618] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0619] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0620] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0621] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0622] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0623] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0624] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0625] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0626] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0627] Bifidobacterium longum

[0628] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0629] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0630] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0631] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0632] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0633] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0634] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0635] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0636] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0637] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0638] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0639] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0640] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0641] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0642] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0643] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0644] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0645] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0646] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0647] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0648] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0649] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0650] + Bifidobacterium breve

[0651] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0652] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0653] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0654] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0655] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0656] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0657] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum +

[0658] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0659] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0660] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0661] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0662] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum +

[0663] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0664] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0665] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0666] Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0667] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum +

[0668] Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0669] Lacto-N-tetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0670] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0671] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0672] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0673] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0674] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0675] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0676] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0677] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0678] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0679] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0680] Bifidobacterium infantis

[0681] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0682] Bifidobacterium longum

[0683] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0684] Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0685] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0686] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0687] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0688] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0689] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0690] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0691] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0692] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0693] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0694] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0695] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0696] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0697] Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0698] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0699] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0700] 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0701] 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0702] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0703] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0704] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0705] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0706] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0707] 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0708] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0709] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0710] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0711] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0712] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0713] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0714] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0715] 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0716] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0717] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0718] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0719] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0720] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0721] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0722] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0723] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0724] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0725] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0726] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0727] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0728] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0729] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0730] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0731] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0732] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0733] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0734] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0735] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0736] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0737] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0738] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0739] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0740] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0741] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0742] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0743] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0744] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0745] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0746] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0747] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0748] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0749] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0750] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0751] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0752] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0753] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0754] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0755] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0756] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0757] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0758] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0759] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0760] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0761] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0762] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0763] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0764] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0765] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0766] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0767] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0768] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0769] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0770] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0771] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0772] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0773] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0774] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0775] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0776] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0777] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0778] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0779] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis +

[0780] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0781] Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0782] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0783] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0784] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0785] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0786] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0787] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0788] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0789] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0790] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0791] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0792] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0793] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0794] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0795] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0796] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0797] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0798] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0799] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0800] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0801] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0802] Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0803] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0804] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0805] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0806] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0807] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0808] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0809] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0810] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0811] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0812] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0813] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0814] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0815] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0816] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0817] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0818] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0819] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0820] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0821] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0822] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0823] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0824] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0825] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0826] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0827] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0828] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0829] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0830] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0831] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0832] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0833] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0834] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0835] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0836] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0837] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0838] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0839] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0840] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0841] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0842] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0843] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0844] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0845] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis

[0846] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum

[0847] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0848] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium breve

[0849] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0850] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0851] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0852] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0853] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0854] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0855] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0856] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0857] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0858] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0859] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0860] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0861] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose +

[0862] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0863] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0864] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0865] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0866] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0867] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0868] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0869] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0870] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0871] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0872] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0873] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0874] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0875] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0876] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0877] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0878] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0879] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0880] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0881] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0882] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0883] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0884] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0885] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0886] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0887] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose +

[0888] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0889] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose +

[0890] Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum

[0891] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0892] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0893] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0894] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0895] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0896] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0897] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0898] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’- sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’- sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium breve

[0899] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0900] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0901] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0902] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0903] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0904] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0905] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0906] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0907] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0908] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0909] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0910] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0911] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0912] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0913] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0914] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0915] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0916] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0917] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0918] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0919] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0920] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0921] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0922] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0923] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0924] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0925] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0926] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0927] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0928] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0929] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0930] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0931] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0932] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0933] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0934] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0935] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0936] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0937] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0938] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum

[0939] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0940] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0941] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0942] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum + Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0943] 940 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0944] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0945] 941 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0946] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0947] 942 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0948] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0949] 943 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0950] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3- fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0951] 944 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0952] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’- sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + Bifidobacterium infantis + Bifidobacterium longum +

[0953] 945 Bifidobacterium bifidum + Bifidobacterium breve

[0954] Table 2: lists exemplary synbiotic combinations as provided herein

[0955] In alternative embodiments, the term XOS as used herein (for example, as in Table 2 (see below), and Table 10) comprises any known xylooligosaccharide (XOS), including for example: xylobiose (a dimer of xylose units), xylotriose (a trimer of xylose units), xylotetraose (a tetramer of xylose units), xylopentaose (a pentamer of xylose units) and / or xylohexaose (a hexamer of xylose units).

[0956] In alternative embodiments, the term FOS as used herein (for example, as in Table 2 (see below), and Table 10) comprises any fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), including for example, inulin-type FOS (have P (2 — > 1) bonds between fructose molecules, forming a linear structure), levan-type FOS (have P (2 — > 6) bonds between fructose molecules, also in a linear arrangement), neo-FOS (have P (2 — > 6) bonds between glucose and fructose, creating a distinct structure), and / or branched FOS (have both P (2 — > 1) and P (2 — > 6) bonds, resulting in branched oligosaccharides).

[0957] In alternative embodiments, the term GOS as used herein (for example, as in Table 2 (see below), and Table 10) comprises any known galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), including for example P-d-Galp-(l— >3)-d-Glc (a disaccharide with a P-1,3 linkage between galactose and glucosel), P-d-Galp-(l— >4)-d-Gal (a disaccharide with a P-1,4 linkage between galactose units), P-d-Galp-(l— >6)-Lac (a trisaccharide formed by linking galactose to lactose via a P-1,6 bond), P-d-Galp-(l— >4)-d-Galp-(l— >4)-Lac (a tetrasaccharide containing two galactose units and one lactose unit linked in sequence). The bacterial strain PB-STR-207, as listed for example, in Table 2 and Table 22, is a component of several exemplary synbiotics as provided herein, and is a Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum strain, and has ATCC accession no. PTA- 127707, date of deposit February 08, 2024, in compliance with inter alia Rules 7.1 and 10.2 of the Budapest Treaty.

[0958] The bacterial strain PB-STR-093, as listed for example, in Table 2 and Table 22, is a component of several exemplary synbiotics as provided herein, and is a Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis strain, and has ATCC accession no. PTA- 127710, date of deposit February 08, 2024, in compliance with inter alia Rules 7.1 and 10.2 of the Budapest Treaty.

[0959] The bacterial strain PB-STR-119, as listed for example, in Table 2 and Table 22, is a component of several exemplary synbiotics as provided herein, is a Bifidobacterium breve strain, and has ATCC accession no. PTA-127708, date of deposit February 08, 2024, in compliance with inter alia Rules 7.1 and 10.2 of the Budapest Treaty.

[0960] The bacterial strain PB-STR-083, listed in Table 2 as a component of several exemplary synbiotics as provided herein, is a. Bifidobacterium breve subspecies infantis strain, and has ATCC accession no. PTA-127707, date of deposit February 08, 2024, in compliance with inter alia Rules 7.1 and 10.2 of the Budapest Treaty.

[0961] Table 2

[0962] 1 Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207

[0963] 2 Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-093

[0964] 3 Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-083

[0965] 4 Lacto-N-tetraose + PBT-STR-119

[0966] 5 Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207

[0967] 6 Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093

[0968] 7 Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-083

[0969] 8 Lacto-N-neotetraose + PBT-STR-119

[0970] 9 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0971] 10 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0972] 11 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0973] 12 2’-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0974] 13 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0975] 14 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0976] 15 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0977] 16 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0978] 17 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0979] 18 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0980] 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0981] 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0982] 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0983] 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0984] 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0985] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207

[0986] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093

[0987] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-083

[0988] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PBT-STR-119

[0989] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0990] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0991] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0992] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0993] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0994] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0995] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[0996] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[0997] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[0998] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[0999] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1000] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1001] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1002] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1003] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1004] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1005] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1006] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1007] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1008] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1009] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1010] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1011] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1012] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1013] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1014] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1015] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1016] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1017] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1018] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1019] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1020] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1021] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1022] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119 Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1023] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1024] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1025] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1026] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1027] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1028] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1029] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1030] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1031] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1032] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1033] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1034] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1035] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1036] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1037] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1038] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1039] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1040] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1041] 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1042] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1043] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1044] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1045] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1046] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1047] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1048] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1049] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1050] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1051] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1052] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1053] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1054] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1055] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1056] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1057] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1058] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1059] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1060] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1061] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1062] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1063] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1064] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1065] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1066] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1067] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1068] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1069] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1070] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1071] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1072] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1073] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1074] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1075] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1076] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1077] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1078] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1079] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1080] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1081] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1082] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1083] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1084] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 PB-STR-093

[1085] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 PB-STR-083

[1086] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 PBT-STR-119

[1087] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 PB-STR-083

[1088] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 PBT-STR-119

[1089] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-083 PBT-STR-119

[1090] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1091] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1092] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1093] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1094] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1095] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1096] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1097] Lacto-N-tetraose 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119 Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1098] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1099] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1100] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1101] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1102] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1103] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1104] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1105] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1106] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1107] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1108] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1109] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1110] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1111] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1112] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1113] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1114] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1115] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1116] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1117] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1118] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1119] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1120] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1121] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1122] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1123] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1124] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1125] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1126] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1127] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1128] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1129] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1130] Lacto-N-tetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1131] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1132] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1133] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1134] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1135] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1136] Lacto-N-tetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1137] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1138] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1139] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1140] Lacto-N-tetraose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119 Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1141] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1142] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1143] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1144] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1145] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1146] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1147] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1148] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1149] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1150] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1151] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1152] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1153] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1154] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1155] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1156] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1157] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1158] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1159] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1160] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1161] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1162] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1163] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1164] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1165] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1166] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1167] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1168] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1169] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1170] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1171] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1172] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1173] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1174] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1175] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1176] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1177] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1178] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1179] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1180] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1181] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1182] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1183] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1184] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1185] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1186] Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1187] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1188] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1189] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1190] Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1191] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1192] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1193] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1194] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1195] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1196] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1197] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1198] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1199] 2’-fucosyllactose 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1200] 2’-fucosyllactose 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1201] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1202] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1203] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1204] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1205] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1206] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1207] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1208] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1209] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1210] 2’-fucosyllactose 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1211] 2’-fucosyllactose 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1212] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1213] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1214] 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1215] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1216] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1217] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1218] 2’-fucosyllactose 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1219] 2’-fucosyllactose 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1220] 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1221] 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1222] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1223] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1224] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1225] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1226] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1227] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1228] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1229] 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1230] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1231] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1232] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1233] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1234] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1235] 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1236] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1237] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1238] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1239] 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1240] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1241] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1242] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1243] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1244] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1245] 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1246] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1247] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1248] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1249] 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1250] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1251] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1252] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1253] 3-fucosyllactose PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1254] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1255] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1256] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1257] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1258] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1259] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1260] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1261] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1262] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1263] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1264] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1265] Lacto-N-tetraose Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119 Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1266] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1267] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1268] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1269] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1270] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1271] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1272] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1273] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1274] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1275] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1276] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1277] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1278] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1279] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1280] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1281] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1282] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1283] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1284] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1285] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1286] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1287] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1288] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1289] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1290] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1291] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1292] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1293] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1294] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1295] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1296] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1297] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1298] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1299] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1300] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1301] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1302] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1303] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1304] Lacto-N-tetraose + Lacto-N-neotetraose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1305] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1306] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1307] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1308] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PBT-STR-119 Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1309] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1310] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1311] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1312] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1313] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1314] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1315] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1316] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1317] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1318] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207

[1319] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093

[1320] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083

[1321] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PBT-STR-119

[1322] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1323] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1324] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1325] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1326] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1327] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 6’-sialyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1328] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093

[1329] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-083

[1330] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PBT-STR-119

[1331] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1332] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-093 + PBT-STR-119

[1333] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + 3-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-083 + PBT-STR-119

[1334] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PB-STR-083

[1335] Lacto-N-tetraose + 2’-fucosyllactose + PB-STR-207 + PB-STR-093 + PBT-S...

Claims

1. WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method for:- treating, controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the dysbiosis can be the presence of a pathogenic bacteria, optionally having a high level of pathogenic bacteria, or the dysbiosis can be caused by a high level of antibiotic resistance, or a metabolic balance that skews away from that of a healthy population, or an immunological state that skews away from that of a healthy population, or a loss of metabolic function associated with a healthy population, or an increase in bacteria associated with adverse events for a mother and her child, or a high level of undesirable genes such as the colibactin PKS gene cluster, wherein optionally the dysbiosis or infection is caused by:- a high level of undesirable genes such as the colibactin PKS gene cluster, or- bacteria associated with adverse events or dysbiosis to a mother and / or child because of bacterial production and expression of:- bacterial virulence factors, optionally adhesins, including pili or fimbriae, non-fimbrial adhesins, optionally intimin of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), or fibronectin-binding proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, or biofilms, optionally including polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) in Staphylococcus epidermidis, and alginate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,'- invasins, which can promote bacterial entry into host cells or deeper tissues, often by manipulating the host cell cytoskeleton orextracellular matrix, optionally including hyaluronidase (optionally produced by Streptococcus pyogenes or Staphylococcus aureus),' collagenase, which degrades collagen, a major component of connective tissues, optionally produced by Clostridium perfringens; InlA / InlB or internalins, which are surface proteins that interact with host cell receptors such as E-cadherin to induce uptake into non- phagocytic cells, for example, as produced by Listeria monocytogenes,' or- type III Secretion System (T3SS) effector which inject proteins directly into host cells to manipulate host cell processes, including inducing uptake or disrupting signaling, optionally produced by a Salmonella species or enteropathogenic E. coli.- bacterial toxins such as:- exotoxins, optionally including neurotoxins such as Botulinum toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium botulinum, a tetanus toxin or a toxin produced by a Clostridium tetani; enterotoxins which can affect the gastrointestinal tract, causing fluid secretion and diarrhea, optionally including Cholera toxin or a toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, or heat-labile (LT) and heatstable (ST) toxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); cytotoxins optionally including Diphtheria toxin or a toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Shiga toxin or a toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae, or enterohemorrhagic E. coli, or alpha-toxin or a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus,- a superantigen which can activate T cells leading to an exaggerated immune response and cytokine storm, optionally including toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and senterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic exotoxins of Streptococcus pyogenes;- endotoxins, which optionally are components of a bacterial cell wall comprising primarily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in the outer membrane of a Gram-negative bacteria, and LPS is released upon bacterial lysis and can trigger a potent inflammatory response, leading to fever, shock, and disseminated intravascularcoagulation (DIC), including for example LPS of E. coli, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and / or- Immune Evasion Mechanisms, which allow bacteria to avoid or subvert the host's immune response, including for example expression of a capsule such as a polysaccharide or protein layer surrounding the bacterial cell, which can protect against phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, including for example, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, ' and / or- Enzymes that degrade immune component, such as an IgA protease which cleaves secretory IgA antibodies, preventing them from neutralizing bacteria on mucosal surfaces, for example including enzyme from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and optionally including catalase / Superoxide Dismutase enzymes that neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes, optionally including enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus,'- modulating the microbiome of an individual, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optional the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, and optionally the microbiome of the individual is modulated to positively affects the growth, thriving or health of the individual (or increases the ability of the individual to thrive), or to enhance the efficacy of a treatment in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the treatment is a drug treatment, or a treatment for cancer,- treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, a disease or condition caused by a dysbiosis in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the individual is a human, and optionally the human is a human child or a human infant, and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old. wherein optionally the disease or condition is a Failure to Thrive (FTT),- wherein optionally the dysbiosis treated or condition treated or ameliorated comprises dysbiosis caused or exacerbated by: premature birth, extended stay in the neonatal intensive care unit, C-section birth, drug or antibiotic treatment, drug or antibiotic treatment of the mother prior to birth, birth via cesarean section, formula feeding, and known dysbiosis of the mother,- treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing, an allergic reaction (optionally a food allergy), a dermatitis (optionally an atopic dermatitis), atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis (hayfever), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), rhinosinusitis, obstructive sleep apnea, celiac disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome and / or asthma,- treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing obesity or metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and / or- treating, ameliorating, lessoning the symptoms or severity of, or preventing diabetes (optionally gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes (T1D) or juvenile diabetes, or Type 2 diabetes (T2D) or adult-onset diabetes), acute or chronic hyperglycemia, the method comprising: administering or having administered to an individual in need thereof a composition or formulation comprising: a prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, wherein each of the non-pathogenic bacteria in the synbiotic comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores, or a combination or mix thereof; wherein optionally at least one non-pathogenic, live bacteria and / or non- pathogenic bacterial spore in an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (an exemplary prebiotic and probiotic combination (a synbiotic) as set forth in Table 1 and / or Table 2, is genetically engineered to comprise or express a new or heterologous trait or phenotype; wherein optionally the composition or formulation further comprises a prebiotic or prebiotic combination as set forth in Table 10,and optionally if there are different species or genera (or types) of non- pathogenic, live bacteria present in the synbiotic they are present in approximately equal amounts, or each of the different species or genera (or types) of non-pathogenic, live bacteria or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores represent at least about 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% or more, or between about 1% and 75%, or between about 0.5 and 99%, of the total amount of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores in the formulation, and optionally only or substantially only non-pathogenic, live bacteria are present in the formulation, or only or substantially only non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation, or approximately equal amounts of non-pathogenic, live bacteria and non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are present in the formulation.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising administering or having administered one or any one of: a treatment, a prebiotic or combination prebiotics as set forth in Table 10; a metabolite or a drug, optionally an anti-viral or anti-bacterial treatment or drug; an immune checkpoint inhibitor; a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T), or an immunotherapy (optionally, an immune- enhancing therapy); or a combination thereof, and optionally the method comprises administration of: an antimicrobial drug, optionally an antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal or antimalarial, drug, and optionally the antimicrobial (optionally antiviral) drug comprises one or any one of: lopinavir; ritonavir; oseltamivir (optionally, TAMIFLU™); lopinavir combined (formulated) with ritonavir, or KALETRA™; chloroquine phosphate (optionally, RESOCHIN™), chloroquine diphosphate, hydroxychloroquine (optionally, PLAQUENIL™) or oral chloroquine (optionally, ARALEN™); remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences); nevirapine, efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir (or the combination efavirenz with emtricitabine and tenofovir, or ATRIPLA™); amprenavir (optionally, AGENERASE™); nelfinavir (optionally, VIRACEPT™); a thiazolide class drug, optionally nitazoxanide (or ALINIA™, NIZONIDE™) or tizoxanide (or 2 -Hydroxy - N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide); plitidepsin (also known as dehydrodidemnin B), or APLIDIN™ (PharmaMar, S.A.); an inhibitor or S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), or dioscin, or niclosamide, or NICLOCIDE™, FENASAL™, orPHENASAL™; ribavirin; an interferon such as interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon type I, interferon type II and / or interferon type III, or a combination of ribavirin and interferon beta, or a combination of lopinavir and ritonavir and interferon-beta-lb; abacavir, actemra, acyclovir optionally, (ACICLOVIR™), adefovir, amantadine, ampligen, amprenavir (optionally, AGENERASE™), aprepitant, atazanavir, balavir, baloxavir marboxil (XOFLUZA™), bepotastine, bevirimat, bictegravir, biktarvy, brilacidin, cidofovir, caspofungin, lamivudine and zidovudine ( optionally, COMBVIR™), cobicstat, colisitin, cocaine, danoprevir or danoprevir and ritonavir (optionally, GANOVO™) darunavir (or darunavir and cobicstat, optionally, PREZCOBIX™), delavirdine, descovy, didanosine, docosanol, dolutegravir, ecoliever, edoxudine, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, entecavir, epirubicin, epoprostenol, etravirine, famciclovir, fomivirsen, fosamprenavi, foscamet, fosfonet, ibacitabine, icatibant, idoxuridine, ifenprodil, imiquimod, imunovir, indinavir, inosine, lamivudine, lopinavir, loviride, ledipasvir, leronlimab, maraviroc, methisazone, moroxydine, nelfinavir, nevirapine, nexavir, nitazoxanide, norvir, a nucleoside analogue (optionally brincidofovir, didanosine, favipiravir (also known as T-705, avigan, or favilavir, Toyama Chemical, Fujifilm, Japan), vidarabine, galidesivir (optionally, BCX4430 by Biocry st, IMMUCILLIN-A™), remdesivir (optionally, GS-5734™, Gilead Sciences), cytarabine, gemcitabine, emtricitabine, zalcitabine, stavudine, telbivudine, zidovudine, idoxuridine and / or trifluridine or any combination thereof), oseltamivir (or TAMIFLU™), peginterferon alfa-2a, penciclovir, peramivir (optionally, RAPIVAB™), perfenazine, pleconaril, plurifloxacin, podophyllotoxin, pyramidine, raltegravir, rifampicin, ribavirin, rilpivirine, rimantadine, ritonavir, saquinavir, sofosbuvir, telaprevir, tegobuv, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir, tipranavir, trifluridine, trizivir, tromantadine, truvada, valaciclovir (optionally, VALTREX™), valganciclovir, valrubicin, vapreotide, vicriviroc, vidarabine, viramidine, velpatasvir, vivecon, zalcitabine, zanamivir (optionally, RELENZA™) or zidovudine; a serine protease inhibitor, optionally camostat; an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor, optionally camrelizumab; a compound or antibody capable of binding complement factor C5 and blocking membrane attack complex formation, optionally eculizumab; a cathepsin inhibitor, optionally a cathepsin K, B or L inhibitor, optionally relacatib; thalidomide, or thalidomide and glucocorticoid (optionally low-dose glucocorticoid), or and thalidomide and celecoxib; an antibacterial antibiotic or a macrolide drug, whereinoptionally the macrolide drug comprises azithromycin (optionally, ZITHROMAX™, or AZITHROCIN™), clarithromycin (optionally, BIAXIN™), erythromycin (optionally, ERYTHROCIN™), or fidaxomicin (optionally, DIFICID™ or DIFICLIR™), troleandomycin (optionally, TEKMISIN™), tylosin (optionally, TYLOCINE™ or TYLAN™), solithromycin (optionally, SOLITHERA™), oleandomycin (or SIGMAMYCFNE™), midecamycin, roxithromycin, kitasamycin or turimycin, josamycin, carbomycin or magnamycin, and / or spiramycin; opaganib or YELIVA™; an anti-interleukin-6 antibody (e..g., tocilizumab or tocilizumab and favipiravir, optionally, ACTEMRA™); sarilumab (optionally, KEVZARA™); umifenovir (optionally, ARBIDOL™); colchicine, or COLCRYS™, MITIGARE™; a corticosteroid class drug such as budesonide (or RHINOCORT™ or PULMICORT™), prednisolone (or ORAPRED™), methyl- prednisolone, prednisone (or DELTASONE™ or ORASONE™) or hydrocortisone (or CORTEF™); an antiandrogen drug, or bicalutamide; a hydrocortisone or cortisol (or CORTEF™, SOLUCORTEF™), or hydrocortisone sodium succinate or hydrocortisone acetate or dexamethasome (or DEXTENZA™, OZURDEX™, NEOFORDEX™); famotidine, or PEPCID™; an antihistamine class drug such as azelastine, or ASTELIN™, OPTIVAR™, ALLERGODIL™, brompheniramine, fexofenadine or ALLEGRA™, pheniramine or AVIL™, or chlorpheniramine; a dendrimer, or an astodrimer sodium (Starpharma, Melbourne, Australia); a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class drug, optionally fluvoxamine, or LUVOX™, FAVERIN™, FLUVOXIN™; a nicotinic antagonist, a dopamine agonist or a noncompetitive N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid or N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMD A) antagonist; an immunosuppressive drug, or tocilizumab or atlizumab, or ACTEMRA™, or RO ACTEMRA™, or a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI), or ciclosporin or cyclosporine or cyclosporin); or, any two, three or more or combination thereof; and optionally the anti-viral treatment or drug, the immune checkpoint inhibitor, the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CAR-T) or the immunotherapy, or the combination thereof, is administered before, during (concurrently with) and / or after administration the formulation.

3. The method of claim 1, or claim 2 wherein:(a) the composition or formulation comprises an inner core surrounded by an outer layer of polymeric material enveloping the inner core, wherein the non- pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are substantially in the inner core, and optionally the polymeric material comprises a natural polymeric material;(b) the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as or in: a nano-suspension delivery system; an encochleated formulation; or, as a multilayer crystalline, spiral structure with no internal aqueous space; the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as a delayed or gradual enteric release composition or formulation, and optionally the formulation comprises a gastro-resistant coating designed to dissolve at a pH of 7 in the terminal ileum, optionally an active ingredient is coated with an acrylic based resin or equivalent, optionally a poly(meth)acrylate, optionally a methacrylic acid copolymer B, NF, optionally EUDRAGIT S™ (Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany), which dissolves at pH 7 or greater, optionally comprises a multimatrix (MMX) formulation, and optionally manufactured as enteric coated to bypass the acid of the stomach and bile of the duodenum.

4. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to3, wherein the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria are substantially dormant colony forming live bacteria, or the plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria or the plurality of non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are lyophilized, wherein optionally the dormant colony forming live bacteria comprise live vegetative bacterial cells that have been rendered dormant by lyophilization or freeze drying.

5. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to4, wherein the formulation comprises at least about 1 x 104colony forming units (CFUs), or between about 1 x 101and 1 x 1013CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x IO10CFUs, 1 x 102and 1 x 108CFUs, 1 x 103and 1 x 107CFUs, or 1 x 104and 1 x 106CFUs, of non-pathogenic live bacteria and / or non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores.

6. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to5, wherein the formulation comprises water, sterile water, saline, sterile saline, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative, a carrier, a buffer, a diluent, an adjuvant or a combination thereof.

7. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to6, wherein the composition or formulation is administered orally or rectally, or is formulated and / or administered as a freeze-dried composition, a liposome, a liquid, a food, a gel, a supplement, a gummy, a candy, an ice, a lozenge, a tablet, pill or capsule, or a suppository or as an enema, or the formulation is administered as an or is in a form for aerosol, topical, sublingual, oral, intra-rectal or intra-colonic administration.

8. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to7, wherein the composition or formulation comprises or is mixed into: milk (optionally, human milk, cow’s milk or soy protein, and optionally fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients), infant formula, soy-based formulas, amino acid-based formulas, hydrolyzed infant formula (optionally made from cow’s milk or soy protein that has been broken down into smaller proteins that are easier for infants to digest), or supplemental (harvested) human mother’s milk.

9. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to8, wherein the composition or formulation is administered to the individual in need thereof in one, two, three, or four or more doses, and wherein the one, two, three, or four or more doses are administered on a daily basis (optionally once a day, bid or tid), every other day, every third day, or about once a week, and optionally the two, three, or four or more doses are administered at least a week apart (or dosages are separated by about a week).

10. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to9, wherein the composition or formulation further comprises a a nutrient, a metabolite or a drug, and optionally at least one dose of the nutrient, the metabolite or the drug is administered before a first administration of the formulation, mix or synbiotic, optionally at least one dose of the drug (or antibiotic), the nutrient, or the metabolite is administered one day or two days, or more, before a first administration of the formulation.

11. The method of any of the preceding claims, or a method of claims 1 to10, wherein the drug, the synbiotic as set forth in Table 1 or Table 2, a metabolite, a metabolic precursor, or a nutrient is administered by: aerosol, spray, intravenous (IV) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, intratumoral injection or subcutaneous injection; or, is administered orally or by suppository.

12. A composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition comprising:(a) at least one synbiotic as set forth in Table 1 or Table 2; wherein optionally each of the non-pathogenic bacteria in the synbiotic comprise (or are in the form of) a plurality of non-pathogenic colony forming live bacteria, a plurality of non-pathogenic germinable non-pathogenic bacterial spores, or a combination thereof, and the formulation comprises at least one (or any one, several, or all of) non-pathogenic bacteria or spore of the family or genus (or class).

13. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein(a) the composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition comprises an inner core surrounded by an outer layer of polymeric material enveloping the inner core, wherein the non-pathogenic bacteria or the non-pathogenic germinable bacterial spores are substantially in the inner core, and optionally the polymeric material comprises a natural polymeric material,(b) the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as or in: a nano-suspension delivery system; an encochleated formulation; or, as a multilayer crystalline, spiral structure with no internal aqueous space;(c) the composition or formulation is formulated or manufactured as a delayed or gradual enteric release composition or formulation, and optionally the formulation comprises a gastro-resistant coating designed to dissolve at a pH of 7 in the terminal ileum, optionally an active ingredient is coated with an acrylic based resin or equivalent, optionally a poly(meth)acrylate, optionally a methacrylic acid copolymer B, NF, optionally EUDRAGIT S™ (Evonik Industries AG, Essen, Germany), which dissolves at pH 7 or greater, optionally comprises a multimatrix (MMX) formulation, and optionally manufactured as enteric coated to bypass the acid of the stomach and bile of the duodenum.

14. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 13, wherein the composition or formulation comprises water, sterile water, saline, sterile saline, a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative, a carrier, a buffer, a diluent, an adjuvant or a combination thereof.

15. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the composition or formulation is formulated for administration orally or rectally, or is formulated for administration as a freeze-dried composition, a liposome, a liquid, a food, a gel, a supplement, a gummy, a candy, an ice, a lozenge, a tablet, pill or capsule, or a suppository or as an enema, or the formulation is formulated for administration as an or is in a form for aerosol, topical, sublingual, oral, intra-rectal or intra-colonic administration.

16. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 15, wherein the composition or formulation comprises or is mixed into: milk (optionally, human milk, cow's milk or soy protein, and optionally fortified with vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients), infant formula, soy-based formulas, amino acid-based formulas, hydrolyzed infant formula (optionally made from cow's milk or soy protein that has been broken down into smaller proteins that are easier for infants to digest), or supplemental (harvested) human mother’s milk.

17. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 16, wherein the composition or formulation is formulated for administration to the individual in need thereof in one, two, three, or four or more doses, and wherein the one, two, three, or four or more doses are formulated for administration on a daily basis (optionally once a day, bid or tid), every other day, every third day, or about once a week, and optionally the two, three, or four or more doses are formulated for administration at least a week apart (or dosages are separated by about a week).

18. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 17, wherein the composition or formulation further comprises a prebiotic, a nutrient, a metabolite or a drug, and optionally the drug comprises an antibiotic, and optionally the drug comprises an antibiotic, and optionally at least one dose of the prebiotic, nutrient, metabolite or drug is administered before a first administration of the formulation, mix or consortia of bacteria, optionally at least one dose of the antibiotic is administered one day or two days, or more, before a first administration of the formulation.

19. The composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 19, wherein the drug, prebiotic, a metabolite, a metabolic precursor, or a nutrient is formulated for administration by: aerosol, spray, intravenous (IV) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, intratumoral injection or subcutaneous injection; or, is administered orally or by suppository.

20. Use of a composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 19, for treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old,wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

21. A composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 19, for use in treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

22. A composition or formulation or a pharmaceutical composition of any of claims 12 to 19, for use in making a pharmaceutical composition or a formulation or a medicament for treating controlling, ameliorating, lessoning or preventing the symptoms of or the mortality of a dysbiosis or an infection in an individual in need thereof, wherein optionally the infection is a bacterial infection or a viral infection, wherein optionally the dysbiosis causes or exacerbates a Failure to Thrive (FTT) of the individual, and optionally the dysbiosis is in an infant, a child, an expectant mother or a mother (material dysbiosis), and optionally the infant is between 0 and 36 months old, wherein optionally the individual is an adult.

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