Packing and airflow-based refrigeration method and refrigeration apparatus

Abstract

A packing and airflow-based refrigeration method and refrigeration apparatus, relating to the technical field of refrigeration. The refrigeration method comprises: under a negative pressure and an airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of a packing; during the vaporization process, the water absorbs the vaporization heat such that the temperature is reduced and a chilled water is obtained; the chilled water is used as a working medium, wherein the chilled water is directly drawn out, or the chilled water transfers heat by means of a heat exchange system, and cooling capacity is sent to a scene to be cooled. The refrigeration apparatus can implement the refrigeration method. The present technical solution is used for manufacturing an air conditioner, a central air conditioner, or other refrigeration apparatuses, without the need for a compressor, and without the need for a refrigerant such as chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes, and liquid ammonia.

Description

Refrigeration method and device based on filler and air flow TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to a refrigeration method and device based on filler and air flow. BACKGROUND

[0002] It is generally considered that the development of refrigerants has experienced four generations of replacement. The first generation of refrigerants is characterized by easy availability, and most of the refrigerants are some common solvents and other volatile working substances, such as rubber vulcanizates, diethyl ether, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Almost all the first generation of refrigerants are toxic or flammable, or have strong corrosiveness and instability, which are easy to cause accidents. The research and development of the second generation of refrigerants opened the curtain of the development of artificially synthesized refrigerants. In the 1930s, the advent of CFCs and HFCs enabled the widespread use of such chemicals in the refrigerant industry, and also enabled the rapid development of refrigeration technology. They are chlorofluorocarbons, and the characteristics of this generation of refrigerants are safety, stability and high efficiency. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that the chlorine atoms in chlorinated halogenated hydrocarbons had a huge destructive effect on the ozone layer, which attracted the attention of the international community to the atmospheric environment, and began to control the output and consumption of HFCs and HCFCs. The elimination of HFCs and HCFCs promoted the emergence of the third generation of refrigerants to protect the ozone layer, which are hydrogenated fluorocarbons without chlorine elements, such as HFC-134a, HFC-125, etc. Such refrigerants have the characteristics of not destroying the ozone layer, non-toxic, stable, etc., and the shortcomings are that they still do not fully meet the requirements of ideal refrigerants in ODP, GWP, flammability, toxicity and other four aspects, and they are difficult to achieve the thermal performance of original CFCs or HCFCs. The fourth generation of refrigerants is proposed to address environmental problems and climate change, and to prohibit the use and emission of hydrogenated fluorocarbons with a greenhouse effect potential greater than 150.

[0003] However, so far, no pure working medium fluid of the green refrigerant developed can fully meet the requirements of ideal refrigerants in several aspects, which prompts people to pay attention to and study the environmentally friendly mixed working medium to replace the existing refrigerants, and to conduct in-depth research on the mixed working medium.

[0004] Research progress of the fourth generation of refrigerants

[0005] In recent years, a number of research institutions and companies worldwide have been developing and evaluating alternative refrigerants, and have made some important achievements. Three new working medium replacement routes with application value are proposed: the first is to develop unsaturated fluorinated olefin refrigerants; the second is to use natural refrigerants; and the third is to develop mixed refrigerant working fluids. The advantages of unsaturated fluorinated olefins (HFOs) are ODP value of 0, lower GWP, and non-toxicity, but the disadvantages are that most of them have weak flammability and are currently relatively expensive. In terms of refrigeration performance, the single working fluid HFOs have small volumetric refrigeration capacity and low system application performance coefficient COP. The thermal stability, material compatibility, temperature glide, and other issues of HFOs need to be considered when they are applied. Currently, the research focus of HFOs is mainly on tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze), and they are only applied in air conditioning systems that replace HFC-134a. New refrigeration systems need to be developed to replace HCFC-22 on a large scale. HFO-1234yf has the chemical formula CF3CF=CF2 and good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a lower GWP value, a lower carbon emission throughout the life cycle, low toxicity, and certain flammability (controllable). Its thermodynamic performance is similar to that of HFC-134a. However, compared with HCFC-123H and HFC-134a refrigeration systems, it has lower energy efficiency. HFO-1234yf has been applied in automotive air conditioners and most refrigeration systems that use HFC-134a. HFO-1234ze has the chemical formula CF3CH=CHF and also has good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a lower GWP value, very low toxicity, and almost no flammability.

[0006] Natural refrigerants

[0007] The natural refrigerants with application value are ammonia (R717), carbon dioxide (R744), propane (HC-290), and butane (HC-600), among which the alkane refrigerants (HCs) have been widely used in freezers and household refrigerators. Liquid carbon dioxide (R744) has excellent environmental performance and is the research focus of the fourth generation of refrigerant replacement technology. Because the saturation vapor pressure of CO2 is relatively high, the refrigeration system needs to operate under high pressure conditions, and CO2 needs to be used in transcritical cycles. Compared with compressors using ordinary refrigerants, CO2 refrigeration systems have high working pressure, large pressure difference, small pressure ratio, difficult control of the gap between moving parts, and difficult lubrication, etc. Therefore, the development of compressors is a difficulty that restricts the development of CO2 refrigerant replacement technology.

[0008] Ammonia (R717) is widely used in refrigeration and industrial applications, and is efficient, with performance comparable to HCFC-22. However, it is flammable, explosive and toxic, and is restricted in building air conditioning. If the sealing and explosion-proof problems can be solved, ammonia will be the best substitute for HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

[0009] Alkane (HC) refrigerants do not contain fluorine and chlorine atoms, have an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, are non-toxic, and have high theoretical refrigeration efficiency, with good environmental protection characteristics. The disadvantages are strong flammability. The most widely used alkane refrigerant is propane and isobutane. Propane (HC-290) has an ODP value of zero and a GWP value of 20 compared to HCFC-22. In terms of refrigeration efficiency, the cycle mass flow of HC-290 is about 40% smaller than that of HCFC-22, and the heat exchange temperature difference is smaller and the heat exchange coefficient is higher. HC-290 has excellent performance and can be widely used in air conditioning, heat pumps, refrigeration and other fields. The only disadvantage is flammability, which needs to be ensured by technical means. Research focuses on reducing system charge and safety. The promotion and use of HC-290 may still need an adaptation process in the short term, but the application prospect is very broad.

[0010] Isobutane (HC-600) has similar physical properties to HCFC-12 and has been used as a substitute refrigerant for HCFC-12 and HCFC-123a in refrigerators. Due to the influence of HC-600a on the viscosity and foam properties of lubricating oil, it hinders the formation of sintered iron surface oxide layer of the friction pair, increasing the bearing friction.

[0011] Mixed refrigerants

[0012] Mixed refrigerants are composed of two or more pure working fluids mixed in a certain proportion. According to whether it has azeotropic properties, it is divided into azeotropic mixed working fluids and non-azeotropic mixed working fluids. As early as the third generation of refrigerants, the international community has adopted a mixed refrigerant replacement scheme. A typical application case is R500 mixed refrigerant (CFC-12 / HFC-152a azeotropic refrigerant), which was used in refrigerators and freezers in 1956. However, due to its high ODP value, it was discontinued after 1990. The current research focus of mixed refrigerants is HFCs mixed refrigerants and HFOs mixed refrigerants.

[0013] HFCs mixed refrigerants

[0014] HFCs mixed refrigerant is the most mature mixed refrigerant at present. DuPont and ICI have developed more than ten series of products, which have excellent refrigeration effect, but the GWP value is high. The commonly used mixed refrigerant mainly includes HFC-410A and HFC-407C. HFC-410A is a binary near-azeotropic mixture of HFC-32 / HFC-125, which has zero ODP value, excellent heat transfer characteristics and flow characteristics. HFC-125 can improve the flammability and high pressure of HFC-32, and is almost non-flammable with small temperature glide. However, the discharge pressure and volume refrigerating capacity are much larger than those of HCFC-22, which cannot be directly charged. The compressor and main components need to be redesigned when used. In the modification of existing systems, R407C is usually used. HFC-07C is a ternary mixture of HFC-2 / HFC-25 / HFC-34a, which has zero ODP value. Its main advantages are that the energy efficiency ratio and pressure ratio (ratio of total pressure at compressor outlet to total pressure at inlet) are close to HCFC-2, and it can be directly charged. The main disadvantage is that the composition will change when the system leaks, which will affect the system maintenance and performance. The disadvantage of HFC-07C is poor heat transfer characteristics, and the GWP value is as high as 1500 or more, which has a great impact on the greenhouse effect. The mixed refrigerant HFC-52a / HCFC-22 developed in China has low greenhouse effect, power saving performance and high safety. Its biggest advantage is low modification cost. Domestic enterprises can realize the refrigeration equipment of new refrigerant by slightly modifying the original production line. However, the main component still contains HCFC-2, which has high ODP value. Affected by ODP value, it is gradually replaced by environmentally friendly refrigerant. HFC-2 / HFC-34a is a non-azeotropic mixed refrigerant. When condensing or evaporating at constant pressure, the temperature will shift. When the mixture composition is 25:75 (molar ratio), the bubble point temperature glide value is 7.3°C at a pressure of 500 KPa. At a pressure of 2000 KPa, the dew point temperature glide value is 5.8°C. By using this property for non-isothermal heat transfer, the heat transfer efficiency and cycle efficiency can be improved by correctly arranging the flow direction of the fluid in the evaporator and condenser pipes.

[0015] HFC-52a / HFC-25 is a near-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, and the vapor pressure curve of the mixed refrigerant is similar to that of HCFC-2. The defect of HFC-152a is flammability, which can be inhibited by adding a certain amount of non-flammable HFC-125. Although the GWP value of HFC-125 is high, the GWP value of HFC-152a is about 0. When the mixture reaches a proper proportion, the GWP value of the mixture will be reduced to a satisfactory level. Based on the high GWP value of HFCs mixed refrigerant, it can only be used as a transitional temporary substitute due to the constraint of greenhouse effect.

[0016] HFOs mixed refrigerant

[0017] HFOs mixed refrigerant is a new type of refrigerant developed with both environmental protection and refrigeration performance in mind. At present, HFOs mixed refrigerant can be divided into binary mixture, ternary mixture and multi-component mixture refrigerant. The binary mixed refrigerant mainly includes: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32, HFO-1234yf / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32, HFO-1234ze / HFC1234a. The ternary mixed refrigerant includes: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32 / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 / HFC134a.

[0018] In summary, the problem of HCFC-22 refrigerant replacement has not been completely solved. Natural refrigerants, especially R744 and HC-290, will be ideal refrigerants after solving the mechanical problems such as compressor sealing. However, the solution of the above problems still needs time and continuous breakthrough in technology, and mixed working medium refrigerant is a better choice with broad development and application prospects.

[0019] HFCs mixed refrigerant, because of its high GWP value, belongs to one of the six major greenhouse gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol, which should be implemented to reduce emissions. The mixed refrigerant composed of HFOs and HFCs can not only reduce the flammability of HFOs, but also improve the refrigeration efficiency of HFOs, and effectively reduce the GWP value of HFCs, which has the potential to further be used as a replacement refrigerant. In addition, HCs are hindered from being used alone due to flammability problems, and the mixed working medium composed of HFCs and HCs can not only reduce the flammability of HCs, but also improve the poor miscibility of HFCs with mineral refrigeration oil, and the GWP value of the mixture is lower than that of HFCs, which also has good replacement potential.

[0020] The air conditioning refrigerants currently used at home and abroad are chlorofluorocarbons, which contain chlorine elements that not only destroy the ozone layer but also are strong greenhouse gases. Although the more advanced fluorine-containing refrigerants are harmless to the ozone layer, their GWP is still very high and they are strong greenhouse gases. In summary, there is no refrigerant and refrigeration technology that meets the requirements of performance, environmental protection, etc. With the implementation of climate change treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Agreement, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants with high ODP and GWP values will eventually be completely banned from production and sale, and relatively environmentally friendly alkanes and liquid ammonia refrigerants also have many problems due to flammability or other factors. Therefore, it is a world problem that needs to be solved urgently in the air conditioning industry to research and find refrigeration technology that can meet the refrigeration requirements and is environmentally friendly and safe, and long-term research work needs to be carried out. SUMMARY

[0021] The present application aims to provide a refrigeration method based on filler and air flow, which utilizes input air flow under negative pressure, and water on the surface of the filler in the filler pipe is vaporized and absorbs heat to reduce temperature under the blowing of the air flow, so as to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is converted into cold energy for refrigeration, or the cooled filler is directly used for refrigeration; the present application also provides a refrigeration device for realizing the refrigeration method.

[0022] Under the action of negative pressure and air flow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, and the water absorbs heat during the vaporization process to reduce temperature, so as to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is directly led out or after heat exchange, the cold energy is sent into a scene to be refrigerated; or under the action of negative pressure and air flow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, and the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0023] The present application is that water is quickly vaporized on the surface of the filler under negative pressure and the blowing of air flow, and the water absorbs heat during the vaporization process to reduce temperature, so as to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is directly led out or after heat exchange by a heat exchange system; or the cooled filler is directly used for refrigeration, and the cold energy is sent into a scene to be refrigerated.

[0024] Among them:

[0025] Preferably, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler under the blowing of air flow under negative pressure, and the water absorbs heat during the vaporization process to reduce temperature, so as to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is directly led out or after heat exchange by a heat exchange system in a heat preservation vaporizer, the cold energy is sent into a scene to be refrigerated, or the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration, such as air conditioning refrigeration.

[0026] Preferably, the filler is bulk filler, structured filler or filamentous filler;

[0027] The bulk filler includes one or more of Tellerette ring, expanded hole, Pall ring, Rasch ring, ladder ring, Taylor ring, environmental protection ball, multi-face hollow ball, high-flow ring, square saddle ring, different saddle ring, conjugate ring, snowflake ring, hollow floating ball, liquid surface covering ball, Haier ring or thorn ring, etc.; preferably, the bulk filler is Tellerette ring, and the filler model is Φ1-10mm*1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm*1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm*1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm*2-4mm;

[0028] The structured filler includes one or more of silk screen corrugation, mesh corrugation, hole plate corrugation or expanded hole plate corrugation, etc.;

[0029] The filamentous filler includes spherical, irregular silk screen, disordered arrangement of metal wire or non-metal wire;

[0030] The filler material is metal or non-metal, the metal material includes one or more of red copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, monel, hastelloy, inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire or nickel alloy, etc.; the stainless steel type is 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321 or 2250 / 2507, etc.; the non-metal material includes one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber or special plastic, etc.

[0031] The specific surface area of the filler is 100-5000 m 2 / m 3 , preferably 100-4000 m 2 / m 3 , more preferably 100-3000 m 2 / m 3 , most preferably 100-2000 m 2 / m 3 .

[0032] The diameter of the filler pipe is 5-1000 mm, preferably 5-500 mm, more preferably 5-200 mm, most preferably 5-50 mm.

[0033] The length of the filler pipe is 100-50000 mm, preferably 100-30000 mm, more preferably 100-10000 mm, most preferably 100-5000 mm.

[0034] The wall thickness of the filler pipe is 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5-5 mm, most preferably 0.5-4 mm.

[0035] Preferably, the filler is filled into the filler pipe; the top end of the filler pipe is a head structure or a flat structure, the cross section of the filler pipe includes a circle or a polygon, the polygon includes a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon, preferably a circle; the cross-sectional area is 1-10000 cm

[0036] Preferably, the top of the filler pipe is connected to a shower or a nozzle or a spray pipe, and water and gas flow into the filler pipe under negative pressure.

[0037] Preferably, the filler pipe is connected to the chilled water storage tank, and the filler pipe and the chilled water storage tank are insulated. The insulation of the filler pipe and the chilled water storage tank can be achieved by sandwiching vacuum insulation or adding insulation materials. Preferably, the insulation is achieved by adding insulation materials. The thickness of the sandwiched insulation is 1-15 cm, preferably 1-8 cm. The insulation materials include one or more of polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel, or polystyrene foam, preferably polyurethane foam.

[0038] Preferably, the water is stored in the water storage tank, and the cross-sectional shape of the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank is square, circular, or elliptical structure. The material of the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank includes stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel glass, quartz, glass steel, or plastic.

[0039] Preferably, the negative pressure is achieved by a connected vacuum pump. The vacuum pump includes one or more of a dry screw vacuum pump, a turbofan vacuum pump, a claw vacuum pump, a scroll vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a turbine vacuum pump, a water ring vacuum pump, a piston vacuum pump, a rotary vane vacuum pump, an oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a molecular vacuum pump, or a composite vacuum pump. The vacuum degree is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-2000 Pa.

[0040] The water is one or more of tap water, pure water, or deionized water. One or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent can be added to the water. For example, tap water with added antifreeze. The antifreeze includes one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride, or disodium hydrogen phosphate, preferably ethylene glycol. The amount of antifreeze added is 0-25 wt%, preferably 0-15 wt%, more preferably 0-10 wt%, and most preferably 0-5 wt% of the total amount of water. The scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, preferably benzotriazole sodium. The amount of scale inhibitor added is 0-8 mg / L, preferably 0-5 mg / L, and more preferably 0-3 mg / L. The wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate salt, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene ether, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether. The phosphate salt is, for example, sodium phosphate or sodium hydrogen phosphate. The phosphate ester salt is, for example, sodium phosphate ester. The sulfonate is, for example, sodium sulfonate.

[0041] Preferably, the gas flow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor, preferably air.

[0042] Preferably, the bottom of the filler pipe is installed in the chilled water storage tank. The material of the chilled water storage tank is metal or non-metal. The material includes stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel glass, quartz, glass steel, or plastic.

[0043] Preferably, the process of preparing chilled water includes the following steps:

[0044] S1, vacuum, adjust the air flow rate to 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa;

[0045] S2, water and air flow under negative pressure through the top of the filler pipe into the filler pipe;

[0046] S3, control the water adding speed higher than the water vaporization speed;

[0047] S4, the unvaporized water passes through the filler into the chilled water storage tank at the lower part of the filler pipe;

[0048] S5, the water at the lower part of the filler pipe is continuously circulated to the top, the water is continuously vaporized on the surface of the filler and absorbs heat, the temperature of the filler is continuously reduced, and the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank is also continuously reduced, thereby obtaining chilled water.

[0049] Preferably, the refrigeration process comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1, vacuum, so that the inside of the refrigeration device is in a vacuum state; adjust the air flow rate to 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa through the air inlet valve;

[0051] S2, water and air flow under negative pressure through the top of the filler pipe into the filler pipe;

[0052] S3, control the water adding speed higher than the water vaporization speed; the water is distributed to the filler, the surface of the filler is fully wetted, the water on the surface of the filler is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of the air flow, the temperature of the filler is reduced, the vaporized water is discharged to the water storage tank by the vacuum pump and is absorbed, and is reused;

[0053] S4, the unvaporized water passes through the filler into the chilled water storage tank at the lower part of the filler pipe;

[0054] S5, the water at the lower part of the chilled water storage tank is continuously circulated to the top of the filler pipe by the circulating water pump, the water is continuously vaporized and absorbs heat on the surface of the filler under the action of the air flow and negative pressure, the temperature of the filler is continuously reduced, and the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank is also continuously reduced, thereby obtaining chilled water;

[0055] S6, taking the chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly led out or heat exchanged through the heat exchange coil, the cold energy is sent into the scene to be refrigerated; or the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0056] The refrigeration device based on the filler and air flow refrigeration method comprises a filler pipe, the filler pipe is connected with an air inlet pipeline, a water inlet pipeline and a chilled water storage tank; one branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected with a vacuum pump and a water storage tank in sequence, another branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected with the water storage tank, the chilled water storage tank is connected with a heat exchange coil to form a circulating loop; an air outlet pipe and a water pipe are arranged on the water storage tank.

[0057] Preferably, the refrigeration device based on the filler and air flow refrigeration method is provided with an air inlet valve on the air inlet pipeline and a water inlet valve on the water inlet pipeline; one branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected with the vacuum pump and the storage tank in sequence through the vacuum valve; another branch of the chilled water storage tank is connected with the storage tank through the water adding valve; the chilled water storage tank is connected with the heat exchange coil and the chilled water circulating pump to form a circulating loop through the circulating chilled water valve; the chilled water storage tank is connected with the filler pipe through the water inlet valve through the circulating water pump; the storage tank is provided with an air outlet pipe and a water pipe, and the water pipe is provided with a water valve; the storage tank is internally provided with a liquid level controller and a liquid level control system, which are used to detect the liquid level.

[0058] In order to prevent the chilled water from freezing, the antifreeze such as ethylene glycol can be added to the water, and in fact, the possibility of water freezing during the use of the air conditioner in summer is very small, because the water in the filler pipe is circulated, and the temperature of the chilled water is generally between 5-15℃ for general central air conditioners, so that the antifreeze is not needed in most cases. However, when other refrigeration facilities are prepared by using the application, for example, when the temperature needs to reach below-5℃, it is necessary to add the antifreeze.

[0059] The materials and sizes used in the application are examples of the application and should not limit the application, and the core of the application is that the water is quickly vaporized and absorbs heat on the surface of the filler under the action of negative pressure and air flow, so as to reduce the temperature and obtain chilled water; and then the chilled water is converted into cold energy for refrigeration; or the water is vaporized on the surface of the filler under the action of negative pressure and air flow, and the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0060] The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:

[0061] At present, the existing technology is only to add the filler in the heat preservation vaporization tank to improve the vaporization speed of the water and obtain low-temperature chilled water, and the application further improves the vaporization speed of the water by inputting the air flow on the basis of the original, shortens the time of reducing the temperature of the water from room temperature to-5℃ to within 5 minutes, greatly improves the vaporization speed of the water and the refrigeration efficiency.

[0062] The present application utilizes the basic principle that water can still absorb heat and reduce water temperature by vaporization at low temperature under high vacuum state, and further improves the water vaporization speed by inputting airflow, and designs a filler pipe filled with fillers with large specific surface area. Water is added from the top of the filler pipe, which has relatively small volume, large specific surface area, large evaporation area and large vaporization capacity. Under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is quickly vaporized, absorbs heat of vaporization, and the water in the chilled water storage tank is continuously circulated, repeatedly vaporized, and accumulates cold energy without providing external heat energy, so as to quickly reduce the water temperature to obtain chilled water. A relatively small volume of refrigeration device based on fillers and airflow is equivalent to a high-efficiency refrigeration machine, which can reduce the temperature of water to 5-15℃ or lower temperature to obtain chilled water for refrigeration. According to the method of the present application, a new type of air conditioner, central air conditioner and other refrigeration devices are prepared, which do not need compressor, fluorocarbon, alkane, liquid ammonia and other existing refrigerants, and are green, environmentally friendly, safe, convenient and energy-saving.

[0063] The present application is based on the principle that water is quickly vaporized and absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of the system without providing heat under the action of negative pressure and airflow to prepare chilled water, which is used to prepare environmentally friendly, low energy consumption, safe and stable refrigeration devices, and the purpose is to replace various chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes and liquid ammonia and other existing refrigerants. The use of the present application to prepare air conditioners will not need a compressor, but will use a vacuum pump, which is completely different from the prior art, and will completely change the refrigeration technology route and the development direction of the air conditioning industry, and will have a great impact on the development of the world air conditioning industry.

[0064] The present application utilizes the properties of low boiling point and vaporization heat absorption of water under high vacuum state, designs a filler pipe and related devices, so that water is quickly vaporized in a small volume and high vaporization efficiency system, water is quickly vaporized and quickly absorbs heat to reduce the temperature of water to obtain chilled water, and the chilled water obtained is used as a cold source to circulate to the room through a pipeline, forms cold air and blows into the room, so as to achieve the effect of reducing indoor temperature.

[0065] As is known to all, under the same conditions, the larger the evaporation area, the larger the evaporation capacity, and it can be predicted that greatly increasing the evaporation area in a small volume and small cross-sectional area space can increase the evaporation capacity. Therefore, the present application designs a refrigeration device filled with fillers, the specific surface area of the fillers is large, the evaporation area is large, and the evaporation capacity is large. By adding fillers, the evaporation area of water is increased to improve the evaporation capacity per unit volume. A high-efficiency vaporization device with a volume of only dozens of liters is designed according to this design idea, and the cross-sectional area is less than 0.1 square meters. Because of the filling of fillers, the evaporation area reaches hundreds of square meters.

[0066] For example, a distillation kettle with a diameter of 1 meter, a length of 1.5 meters and a volume of 2.36 cubic meters, the calculation shows that its evaporation area is less than 0.8 square meters, and the heat preservation gasifier designed by the present application has a diameter of 0.2 meters, a length of 0.3 meters, and a volume of less than 0.01 cubic meters, filled with a specific surface area of 3000 square meters / cubic meter of filler, the calculation shows that its evaporation area is up to 94 square meters, a distillation kettle with a volume of 2.36 cubic meters and a high-efficiency heat preservation vaporizer with a volume of less than 0.01 cubic meters, the evaporation area of the latter is 118 times that of the former. For a general distillation kettle with a diameter of 0.2 meters, the calculation shows that its evaporation area is only 0.031416 square meters, and the evaporation area of the high-efficiency heat preservation vaporizer is 3000 times that of it. The volume and cross-sectional area of the high-efficiency heat preservation vaporizer are small, but the evaporation area is huge, when each piece of filler surface is wetted by water, under the condition of high vacuum, water vaporizes on each piece of filler surface, and water vaporizes on all fillers uniformly distributed in the whole filler stack at the same time, which greatly improves the water vaporization amount. In the case that the environment does not provide vaporization heat, the vaporization heat can only be obtained by reducing the temperature of water, so the temperature of water can be quickly reduced to obtain frozen water. In short, when the environment does not provide heat energy, under the action of high vacuum and high-speed airflow in a small space with small volume but huge evaporation area, water quickly vaporizes to quickly reduce the temperature of water to obtain frozen water, which is an important finding of the present application.

[0067] In the present application, the water adding speed is controlled to be higher than the water vaporization speed, but at the same time, the water level is also controlled to be not higher than the horizontal position of the bottom of the filler. It is particularly important to note that if the water adding speed is too fast, the water will inevitably fill up between the fillers, even form a water column, and the water will be difficult to vaporize on the surface of the filler, which will greatly reduce the effect of the filler and affect the vaporization efficiency, therefore, controlling the water adding speed is very important to evenly distribute the water to the surface of the filler, wet the surface of the filler and obtain better vaporization efficiency.

[0068] The method of the present application can be used to manufacture air conditioners, central air conditioners or other refrigeration devices, which only need water, vacuum pumps and the like, without the need for compressors, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, alkane refrigerants and liquid ammonia refrigerants, and is a completely environmentally friendly, safe and energy-saving revolutionary technology, which is of great significance to the protection of the environment and the implementation of the Paris Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0069] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present application;

[0070] Figure: 1, filler pipe; 2, water storage tank; 3, chilled water storage tank; 4, circulating water pump; 5, chilled water circulating pump; 6, vacuum pump; 7, air inlet valve; 8, water inlet valve; 9, water valve; 10, water filling valve; 11, vacuum valve; 12, circulating chilled water valve; 13, heat exchange coil; 14, exhaust pipe; 15, air inlet pipeline; 16, water inlet pipeline; 17, water pipe; 18, liquid level controller; 19, liquid level control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The application will be described and explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] As shown in Figure 1, under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, and in the vaporization process, the water absorbs the vaporization heat to reduce the temperature to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is used as the working medium, and the chilled water is directly introduced or the cold energy is sent into the scene to be cooled after heat exchange.

[0074] The application is in a negative pressure state, water is quickly vaporized on the surface of the filler under the blowing of airflow, and in the vaporization process, the water absorbs the vaporization heat to reduce the temperature to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is used as the working medium, and the chilled water is directly introduced or the chilled water is exchanged by the heat exchange system in the heat preservation vaporizer; or the cooled filler is directly used for refrigeration, and the cold energy is sent into the scene to be cooled.

[0075] Among them:

[0076] Preferably, in a negative pressure state, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler under the blowing of airflow, and in the vaporization process, the water absorbs the vaporization heat to reduce the temperature to obtain chilled water; the chilled water is used as the working medium, and the chilled water is directly introduced or the chilled water is exchanged by the heat exchange system in the heat preservation vaporizer; or the cooled filler is directly used for refrigeration, and the cold energy is sent into the scene to be cooled.

[0077] Preferably, the filler is bulk filler, structured filler or filamentous filler;

[0078] The bulk filler includes one or more of taylor ring, pressed hole, bower ring, raschig ring, ladder ring, taylor flower ring, environmental protection ball, multi-face hollow ball, high flow ring, square saddle ring, different saddle ring, conjugate ring, snowflake ring, hollow floating ball, liquid level covering ball, hail ring or thorn flower ring; preferably, the bulk filler is taylor ring, the filler model is Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm;

[0079] The structured packing includes one or more of a wire mesh wave, a mesh wave, a hole plate wave, or a calendered hole plate wave, etc.

[0080] The filamentous packing includes a spherical shape, a random wire mesh shape, a disordered arranged metal wire or a non-metal wire.

[0081] The packing material is a metal material or a non-metal material, the metal material includes one or more of red copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium material steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, monel, hastelloy, inconel, copper nickel alloy wire or nickel alloy, etc.; the stainless steel is of a type of 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321 or 2250 / 2507, etc.; the non-metal material includes one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber or special plastic, etc.

[0082] The specific surface area of the packing is 100-5000 m 2 / m 3 , preferably 100-4000 m 2 / m 3 , more preferably 100-3000 m 2 / m 3 , most preferably 100-2000 m 2 / m 3 .

[0083] The diameter of the packing tube 1 is 5-1000 mm, preferably 5-500 mm, more preferably 5-200 mm, most preferably 5-50 mm.

[0084] The length of the packing tube 1 is 100-50000 mm, preferably 100-30000 mm, more preferably 100-10000 mm, most preferably 100-5000 mm.

[0085] The wall thickness of the packing tube 1 is 0.1-10 mm, preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5-5 mm, most preferably 0.5-4 mm.

[0086] Preferably, the packing is filled into the packing tube 1; the top end of the packing tube 1 is a head structure or a flat structure, the cross section of the packing tube 1 includes a circle or a polygon, the polygon includes a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon, preferably a circle, the cross-sectional area is 1-10000 cm

[0087] Preferably, the filler pipe 1 is connected with a shower or a nozzle or a spray pipe, and water and gas flow into the filler pipe 1 under negative pressure.

[0088] The filler pipe 1 is connected with a chilled water storage tank 3, and the filler pipe 1 and the chilled water storage tank 3 are insulated. The insulation of the filler pipe 1 and the chilled water storage tank 3 includes sandwich vacuum insulation or sandwich insulation with added insulation material. Preferably, the insulation is sandwich insulation with added insulation material, and the thickness of the sandwich is 1-15 cm, preferably 1-8 cm. The insulation material includes one or more of polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel or polystyrene foam, and is preferably polyurethane foam.

[0089] Preferably, the water is stored in the water storage tank 2, and the cross-sectional shape of the water storage tank 2 and the chilled water storage tank 3 is square, circular or elliptical structure, and the material includes stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel glass, quartz, glass steel or plastic.

[0090] Preferably, the negative pressure is achieved by a connected vacuum pump 6, and the vacuum pump 6 includes one or more of a dry screw vacuum pump, a turbofan vacuum pump, a claw vacuum pump, a scroll vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a turbine vacuum pump, a water ring vacuum pump, a piston vacuum pump, a rotary vane vacuum pump, an oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, a Roots vacuum pump, a molecular vacuum pump or a composite vacuum pump. The vacuum degree is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-2000 Pa.

[0091] The water is one or more of tap water, pure water or deionized water. One or more of an antifreeze agent, a scale inhibitor or a wetting agent can be added to the water. For example, tap water with an antifreeze agent. The antifreeze agent includes one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride or disodium hydrogen phosphate, and is preferably ethylene glycol. The amount of the antifreeze agent added is 0-25 wt%, preferably 0-15 wt%, more preferably 0-10 wt%, and most preferably 0-5 wt% of the total amount of water. The scale inhibitor includes one or more of benzotriazole sodium, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and is preferably benzotriazole sodium. The amount of the scale inhibitor added is 0-8 mg / L, preferably 0-5 mg / L, and more preferably 0-3 mg / L. The wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate salt, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.

[0092] Preferably, the gas flow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium or water vapor, and is preferably air.

[0093] Preferably, the filler pipe 1 is installed at the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3, and a porous disc is installed at the bottom of the filler pipe 1. The chilled water storage tank 3 is made of metal or non-metal material. The metal material is one or more of stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, red copper, brass, aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, monel, hastelloy, inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. The stainless steel is one or more of 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. The non-metal material is one or more of glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastic.

[0094] Preferably, the chilled water preparation process includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. Vacuumizing, adjusting the air flow to a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-2000 Pa;

[0096] S2. Adding water and air flow into the filler pipe 1 through the top of the filler pipe 1 under negative pressure;

[0097] S3. Controlling the water addition speed to be higher than the water vaporization speed;

[0098] S4. The unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank 3 at the bottom of the filler pipe 1 through the filler;

[0099] S5. The water at the bottom of the filler pipe 1 is continuously circulated to the top, the water is continuously vaporized and absorbs heat on the surface of the filler, the temperature of the filler is continuously reduced, and the water temperature in the chilled water storage tank 3 is also continuously reduced, thereby obtaining chilled water.

[0100] Preferably, the refrigeration process includes the following steps:

[0101] S1. Vacuumizing, adjusting the air flow to a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, and more preferably 1-2000 Pa;

[0102] S2. Adding water and air into the filler pipe 1 through the top of the filler pipe 1 under negative pressure;

[0103] S3. Controlling the water addition speed to be higher than the water vaporization speed; the water is distributed to the filler, the surface of the filler is fully wetted, the water on the surface of the filler is vaporized and absorbs heat under the action of the air flow, the temperature of the filler is reduced, and the vaporized water is discharged to the water storage tank 2 by the vacuum pump 6 and is absorbed and reused;

[0104] S4. The unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank 3 at the bottom of the filler pipe 1 through the filler;

[0105] S5, the water in the lower part of the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously circulated to the top of the filler pipe 1 by the circulating water pump 4, and under the action of air flow and negative pressure, the water is continuously vaporized on the surface of the filler to absorb heat, the temperature of the filler is continuously reduced, and the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is also continuously reduced, so that the chilled water is obtained;

[0106] S6, taking the chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly led out or heat exchanged through the heat exchange coil 13, and the cold energy is sent into the scene to be refrigerated; or the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration.

[0107] The refrigeration device based on the filler and air flow refrigeration method comprises a filler pipe 1, the filler pipe 1 is connected with an air inlet pipeline 15, a water inlet pipeline 16 and a chilled water storage tank 3; one branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with a vacuum pump 6 and a water storage tank 2 in sequence, another branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with the water storage tank 2, the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with a heat exchange coil 13 to form a circulating loop; an air outlet pipe 14 and a water pipe 17 are arranged on the water storage tank 2.

[0108] Preferably, the refrigeration device based on the filler and air flow refrigeration method, the air inlet pipeline 15 is provided with an air inlet valve 7, and the water inlet pipeline 16 is provided with a water inlet valve 8; one branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with the vacuum pump 6 and the water storage tank 2 in sequence through a vacuum valve 11, another branch of the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with the water storage tank 2 through a water adding valve 10, the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with the heat exchange coil 13 and a chilled water circulating pump 5 to form a circulating loop through a circulating chilled water valve 12, the chilled water storage tank 3 is connected with the filler pipe 1 through the circulating water pump 4 and the water inlet valve 8; the air outlet pipe 14 and the water pipe 17 are arranged on the water storage tank 2, a water valve 9 is arranged on the water pipe 17; a liquid level controller 18 is installed in the water storage tank 2, and a liquid level control system 19 is installed in the chilled water storage tank 3, which are used to detect the liquid level.

[0109] Embodiments 2-12 are more specific embodiments of the present application, and the materials and sizes used are for illustration only and should not limit the present application. The core of the present application is that: under negative pressure, water is quickly vaporized on the surface of the filler by air flow, and in the vaporization process, water absorbs vaporization heat to reduce the temperature, and chilled water is obtained; taking the chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly led out or the chilled water is heat exchanged through a heat exchange system; or directly using the cooled filler for refrigeration, and sending the cold energy into the scene to be refrigerated.

[0110] Embodiment 2

[0111] As shown in FIG. 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on the filler and air flow are as follows:

[0112] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A porous disc is installed at the connection;

[0113] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a displacement of 8 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0114] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1500 m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the filler pipe 1;

[0115] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom structure. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm. It is connected to the water inlet pipe 16;

[0116] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13, and the chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0117] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 through the water inlet pipe 16 and the water inlet valve 8 to the top of the filler pipe 1;

[0118] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, and check if the system is sealed. After confirming the system is sealed, prepare the chilled water according to the following steps;

[0119] (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 automatically closes under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Slowly open the air inlet valve 7 when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, adjust the air flow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000 Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 and start the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent. Circulate, and the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 continuously decreases to obtain chilled water. Start the chilled water circulating pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0120] Example 3

[0121] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the filler and air flow-based refrigeration device are as follows:

[0122] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 45 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A porous disc is installed at the connection;

[0123] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11.

[0124] (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1;

[0125] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm.

[0126] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5;

[0127] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8;

[0128] (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed;

[0129] (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the air flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0130] Example 4

[0131] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows:

[0132] (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection.

[0133] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11.

[0134] (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m².2 / m 3 , fill the filler pipe 1;

[0135] (4) Select a cylindrical frozen water tank 3, the top is a hemispherical structure, the bottom is a flat bottom structure, connected to the water inlet pipe 16, the material is stainless steel, the wall thickness is 2mm, the diameter is 300mm, and the length is 400mm;

[0136] (5) The frozen water tank 3 is connected into a circulating loop through the circulating frozen water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13 and the frozen water circulating pump 5;

[0137] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the frozen water tank 3, and is connected to the top of the filler pipe 1 through the water inlet pipe 16 and the water inlet valve 8;

[0138] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, check if the system is airtight, and confirm that the system is airtight according to the following steps to prepare frozen water;

[0139] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is started, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7, adjust the nitrogen gas flow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 and start the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, circulate, the temperature of the water in the frozen water tank 3 is continuously reduced to obtain frozen water, and the frozen water circulating pump 5 is started to circulate the frozen water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0140] Example 5

[0141] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and the refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and gas flow are as follows:

[0142] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, the material is stainless steel, the wall thickness is 1mm, the inner diameter is 50mm, the length is 5000mm, the top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the frozen water tank 3, and a porous disc is installed at the connection;

[0143] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump, the exhaust capacity is 20 liters / second, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the frozen water tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0144] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1500m 2 / m 3 , fill the filler pipe 1;

[0145] (4) Select a cylindrical frozen water storage tank 3, the top is a hemispherical structure, the bottom is a flat bottom structure, connected to the water inlet pipe 16, the material is stainless steel, the wall thickness is 2mm, the diameter is 300mm, and the length is 400mm;

[0146] (5) The frozen water storage tank 3 is connected into a circulating loop through the circulating frozen water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13 and the circulating water pump 5;

[0147] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the frozen water storage tank 3 and connected to the top of the filler pipe 1 through the water inlet pipe 16 and the water inlet valve 8;

[0148] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is airtight, and confirm that the system is airtight according to the following steps to prepare the frozen water;

[0149] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is started, the inlet valve 7 is slowly opened when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, the nitrogen gas flow is adjusted to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa, the water inlet valve 8 is opened, the circulating water pump 4 is started, the water inlet amount is adjusted to be equivalent to the gasification amount, the circulation is carried out, the temperature of the water in the frozen water storage tank 3 is continuously reduced to obtain the frozen water, and the circulating water pump 5 is started to circulate the frozen water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0150] Example 6

[0151] As shown in FIG. 1, the installation process and the refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on the filler and the gas flow are as follows:

[0152] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, the material is stainless steel, the wall thickness is 1mm, the inner diameter is 50mm, the length is 5000mm, the top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the gas inlet pipe 15, the bottom is connected to the frozen water storage tank 3, and a porous disc is installed at the connection;

[0153] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the frozen water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11 respectively;

[0154] (3) Select a stainless steel Xita ring filler with a specific surface area of 1000m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the filler pipe 1;

[0155] (4) Select a cylindrical frozen water storage tank 3, the top is a hemispherical structure, the bottom is a flat bottom structure, connected to the water inlet pipe 16, the material is stainless steel, the wall thickness is 2mm, the diameter is 300mm, and the length is 400mm;

[0156] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected into a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13 and chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0157] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8 to the top of the filler pipe 1;

[0158] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is airtight, and confirm that the system is airtight, then prepare the chilled water according to the following steps;

[0159] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is started, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7, adjust the flow of carbon dioxide gas to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000 Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 and start the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, circulate, the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously reduced to obtain chilled water, and the chilled water circulating pump 5 is started to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0160] Example 7

[0161] As shown in FIG. 1, the installation process and the refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and gas flow are as follows:

[0162] (1) A cylindrical filler pipe 1 is selected, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, a length of 6000 mm, a top connected to the water inlet pipeline 16 and the air inlet pipeline 15, and a bottom connected to the chilled water storage tank 3, and a multi-hole disc is installed at the connection;

[0163] (2) A dry screw vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor is selected, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0164] (3) A stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1500 m 2 / m 3 is selected and filled into the filler pipe 1;

[0165] (4) A cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 is selected, which has a hemispherical structure at the top and a flat bottom structure at the bottom, is connected to the water inlet pipeline 16, is made of stainless steel, has a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm;

[0166] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected into a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13 and chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0167] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8 to the top of the filler pipe 1;

[0168] (7) Close all valves, open the vacuum pump 6, check if the system is sealed, and confirm that the system is sealed. Then prepare the chilled water according to the following steps:

[0169] (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Open the vacuum pump 6. Slowly open the air inlet valve 7 when the vacuum degree reaches the highest. Adjust the carbon dioxide gas flow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000 Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 and start the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet amount to be equivalent to the gasification amount. Perform circulation. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously reduced to obtain chilled water. Open the chilled water circulating pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0170] Example 8

[0171] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and gas flow are as follows:

[0172] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1 made of stainless steel with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 5000 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipeline 16 and the air inlet pipeline 15. The bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A multi-hole disc is installed at the connection;

[0173] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0174] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1500 m 2 / m 3 , which is filled into the filler pipe 1;

[0175] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom structure. The top is connected to the water inlet pipeline 16. The material is stainless steel with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm;

[0176] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13, and the chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0177] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8 connected to the top of the filler pipe 1;

[0178] (7) Close all valves, open the vacuum pump 6, check if the system is sealed, and confirm that the system is sealed. Then prepare the chilled water according to the following steps:

[0179] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is opened, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the inlet valve 7, adjust the helium gas flow to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 to open the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, circulate, the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously reduced to obtain chilled water, and the chilled water circulating pump 5 is opened to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0180] Example 9

[0181] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and gas flow are as follows:

[0182] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, a length of 5000 mm, a top connected to the water inlet pipeline 16 and the gas inlet pipeline 15, and a bottom connected to the chilled water storage tank 3, and a porous disc is installed at the connection;

[0183] (2) Select a turbofan vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0184] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the filler pipe 1;

[0185] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom structure, and connect the water inlet pipeline 16, which is made of stainless steel with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm;

[0186] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulating loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13, and the chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0187] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3, and is connected to the top of the filler pipe 1 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8;

[0188] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, and check whether the system is airtight, and then prepare the chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is airtight;

[0189] (8) Open the water valve 9. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 will automatically close under the action of the liquid level controller 18. Turn on the vacuum pump 6. When the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7. Adjust the helium gas flow rate to control the vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Open the water inlet valve 8 to turn on the circulating water pump 4. Adjust the water inlet volume to be equal to the vaporization volume and circulate. The temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 will continuously decrease to obtain chilled water. Turn on the chilled water circulation pump 5 to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0190] Example 10

[0191] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on packing and airflow are as follows:

[0192] (1) Select a cylindrical packing tube 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 35 mm, and a length of 5500 mm. The top is connected to the water inlet pipe 16 and the air inlet pipe 15, and the bottom is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3. A perforated disc is installed at the connection.

[0193] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 15 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 respectively through the vacuum valve 11.

[0194] (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into packing tube 1;

[0195] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom. Connect the water inlet pipe 16. The material is stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm.

[0196] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulation loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, heat exchange coil 13, and chilled water circulation pump 5;

[0197] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3 and is connected to the top of the packing pipe 1 through the inlet pipe 16 and the inlet valve 8;

[0198] (7) Close all valves, turn on vacuum pump 6, check whether the system is sealed, and prepare chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is sealed;

[0199] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is opened, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7, adjust the water vapor flow to control the vacuum degree between 1000-2000Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 to open the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, and circulate, so that the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is continuously lowered to obtain chilled water, and the chilled water circulating pump 5 is opened to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0200] Example 11

[0201] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and air flow are as follows:

[0202] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, a length of 5000 mm, a top connected to the water inlet pipeline 16 and the air inlet pipeline 15, and a bottom connected to the chilled water storage tank 3, and a multi-hole disc is installed at the connection;

[0203] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 15 liters / second, and a variable frequency motor, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0204] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 500 m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the filler pipe 1;

[0205] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom structure, and connect the water inlet pipeline 16, which is made of stainless steel with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm;

[0206] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulating loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13, and the chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0207] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3, and is connected to the top of the filler pipe 1 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8;

[0208] (7) Close all valves, start the vacuum pump 6, and check whether the system is airtight, and then prepare the chilled water according to the following steps after confirming that the system is airtight;

[0209] (8) Open the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, the water valve 9 is automatically closed under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the vacuum pump 6 is opened, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7, adjust the water vapor gas flow to control the vacuum degree between 2000-5000Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 to open the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, and circulate, the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank 3 is lowered continuously to obtain chilled water, and the chilled water circulating pump 5 is opened to circulate the chilled water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0210] Example 12

[0211] As shown in Figure 1, the installation process and refrigeration process of the refrigeration device based on filler and air flow are as follows:

[0212] (1) Select a cylindrical filler pipe 1, which is made of stainless steel, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 25 mm, a length of 5000 mm, a top connected to the water inlet pipeline 16 and the air inlet pipeline 15, and a bottom connected to the chilled water storage tank 3, and a multi-hole disc is installed at the connection;

[0213] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with an exhaust capacity of 10 liters / second and a variable frequency motor, and the vacuum pump 6 is connected to the chilled water storage tank 3 and the water storage tank 2 through the vacuum valve 11;

[0214] (3) Select a stainless steel filler with a specific surface area of 500m 2 / m 3 , and fill it into the filler pipe 1;

[0215] (4) Select a cylindrical chilled water storage tank 3 with a hemispherical top and a flat bottom structure, and connect the water inlet pipeline 16, which is made of stainless steel with a wall thickness of 2 mm, a diameter of 300 mm, and a length of 400 mm;

[0216] (5) The chilled water storage tank 3 is connected to form a circulating loop through the circulating chilled water valve 12, the heat exchange coil 13, and the chilled water circulating pump 5;

[0217] (6) The circulating water pump 4 is connected to the bottom of the chilled water storage tank 3, and is connected to the top of the filler pipe 1 through the water inlet pipeline 16 and the water inlet valve 8;

[0218] (7) Close all valves, open the vacuum pump 6, and check whether the system is airtight, and confirm that the system is airtight according to the following steps to prepare chilled water;

[0219] (8) opening the water valve 9, when the water level reaches a certain height, under the action of the liquid level controller 18, the water valve 9 is automatically closed, the vacuum pump 6 is opened, when the vacuum degree reaches the highest, slowly open the air inlet valve 7, adjust the water vapor flow to control the vacuum degree between 5000-10000Pa, open the water inlet valve 8 to open the circulating water pump 4, adjust the water inlet amount and the gasification amount to be equivalent, carry out circulation, the temperature of the water in the refrigerated water storage tank 3 is lowered continuously to obtain refrigerated water, and the refrigerated water circulating pump 5 is opened to circulate the refrigerated water to the heat exchange coil 13.

[0220] In addition, the present application also adjusts the vacuum degree to 1-500Pa, 10000-15000Pa, 15000-20000Pa respectively, and carries out experiments, and the specific surface area of the filler is respectively set to 100m 2 / m 3 , 300m 2 / m 3 , 2000m 2 / m 3 , 3000m 2 / m 3 , 4000m 2 / m 3 , 5000m 2 / m 3 , and experiments are also carried out respectively, and the rest is as in example 2; the material and diameter of the filler pipe 1, the water storage tank 2 and the refrigerated water storage tank 3 can also have many choices, and the rest is as in example 1.

[0221] At present, the prior art is only through the method of adding filler in the heat preservation vaporization tank to improve the water vaporization speed to obtain low-temperature refrigerated water, and the present application further improves the water vaporization speed by inputting air flow on the basis of the original, shortens the time of reducing the water temperature from normal temperature to-5℃ to within 5 minutes, greatly improves the water vaporization speed and improves the refrigeration efficiency.

[0222] Although the present application has been described in detail through the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments, the present application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements to the embodiments of the present application without departing from the spirit and essence of the present application, and these modifications or replacements shall be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of refrigeration based on a filler and a gas flow, characterized in that, Under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, and in the process of vaporization, water absorbs heat of vaporization to reduce the temperature, obtaining chilled water; taking the chilled water as the working medium, the chilled water is directly led out or after heat exchange, the cold energy is sent into the scene to be refrigerated; or under the action of negative pressure and airflow, water is vaporized on the surface of the filler, and the filler is directly used as a cold source for refrigeration, and the cold energy is sent into the scene to be refrigerated.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The filler is bulk filler, structured filler or filamentous filler; The bulk filler includes one or more of the following: Ceta ring, pressed hole, Paul ring, Laxi ring, ladder ring, Taylor flower ring, environmental protection ball, multi-face hollow ball, high flow ring, square saddle ring, different saddle ring, conjugate ring, snowflake ring, hollow floating ball, liquid surface covering ball, Heier ring or thorn flower ring; The structured filler includes one or more of the following: silk screen corrugation, mesh corrugation, hole plate corrugation or pressed hole plate corrugation; The filamentous filler includes one or more of the following: spherical, irregular silk screen, disordered arrangement of metal wire or non-metal wire; The material of the filler includes one or more of the following: metal material or non-metal material, the metal material includes one or more of the following: red copper, brass, stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium material steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper nickel alloy wire or nickel alloy; the non-metal material includes one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber or special plastic.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the filler and airflow based refrigeration method is characterized by, The filler is filled into the filler pipe (1); the cross section of the filler pipe (1) includes a circle or a polygon, and the polygon includes a triangle, a quadrilateral, a pentagon or a hexagon; the material of the filler pipe (1) includes one or more of the following: red copper, brass, stainless steel, carbon steel, enamel glass, quartz, glass, ceramic, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium material, engineering plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene or epoxy resin; the filler pipe (1) is single or multiple.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the filler and gas flow based refrigeration method is characterized by, The top of the filler pipe (1) is connected with a shower head or a spray head or a spray pipe, and water and airflow enter the filler pipe (1) under negative pressure.

5. The filler and air flow based refrigeration method as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The filler pipe (1) is connected with a chilled water storage tank (3), and the filler pipe (1) and the chilled water storage tank (3) are insulated; the insulation mode of the filler pipe (1) and the chilled water storage tank (3) includes sandwich vacuum insulation or sandwich insulation material insulation, and the insulation material includes one or more of the following: polyurethane foam, rock wool, aerogel or polystyrene foam.

6. The filler and air flow based refrigeration method as claimed in claim 1 wherein, Water is stored in a water storage tank (2), and the cross-sectional shape of the water storage tank (2) and the chilled water storage tank (3) is square, circular or elliptical structure, and the material includes one or more of the following: stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel glass, quartz, glass steel or plastic.

7. The filler and air flow based refrigeration method as claimed in claim 1 wherein, The negative pressure is realized by a connected vacuum pump (6), the vacuum degree is 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa; the vacuum pump (6) includes one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, turbofan vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, scroll vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump or composite vacuum pump. Water includes tap water, pure water or deionized water; water is added with one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor or wetting agent; antifreeze includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, sodium chloride or disodium hydrogen phosphate; scale inhibitor includes one or more of sodium benzotriazole, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate ester salt, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, polyoxyethylene ether or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether; Gas flow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium or water vapor.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the filler and gas flow based refrigeration method is characterized by, The preparation process of chilled water includes the following steps: S1, vacuumizing, adjusting the flow rate of gas flow to 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-2000 Pa; S2, adding water and gas flow into the packing tube (1) through the top of the packing tube (1) under negative pressure; S3, controlling the water adding speed to be higher than the vaporization speed of water; S4, the unvaporized water enters the chilled water storage tank (3) at the lower part of the packing tube (1) through the packing; S5, the water at the lower part of the packing tube (1) is continuously circulated to the top, the water is continuously vaporized on the surface of the packing and absorbs heat, the temperature of the packing is continuously reduced, and the temperature of the water in the chilled water storage tank (3) is also continuously reduced, thereby obtaining chilled water.

9. A refrigeration apparatus characterized by comprising: The refrigeration device based on the refrigeration method of claim 1-8.

10. A refrigeration apparatus according to claim 9, comprising a charge tube (1), characterised in that, The packing tube (1) is connected with the gas inlet pipeline (15), the water inlet pipeline (16) and the chilled water storage tank (3); one branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the vacuum pump (6) and the water storage tank (2) in sequence, another branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the water storage tank (2), and the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the heat exchange coil (13) to form a circulation loop; the water storage tank (2) is provided with an exhaust pipe (14) and a water pipe (17).

11. The refrigeration appliance of claim 10, wherein, The gas inlet pipeline (15) is provided with a gas inlet valve (7), and the water inlet pipeline (16) is provided with a water inlet valve (8); one branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the vacuum pump (6) and the water storage tank (2) in sequence through a vacuum valve (11), another branch of the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the water storage tank (2) through a water adding valve (10), the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the heat exchange coil (13) and the chilled water circulating pump (5) to form a circulation loop through a circulating chilled water valve (12), and the chilled water storage tank (3) is connected with the packing tube (1) through the water inlet valve (8) through a circulating water pump (4); the water storage tank (2) is provided with an exhaust pipe (14) and a water pipe (17), and the water pipe (17) is provided with a water valve (9); the water storage tank (2) is internally provided with a liquid level controller (18), and the chilled water storage tank (3) is internally provided with a liquid level control system (19), which are used to detect the liquid level.

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