Telescopic boom and crane

Abstract

The present invention discloses a telescopic boom, which includes N booms that are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside, and also includes: an arm extension drum, an arm retracting drum, an arm extension rope, an arm retracting rope and a boom locking device; one end of the arm extension rope is wound on the arm extension drum, and the other end is fixed to the root of the N-th arm, and the arm extension rope is sequentially passed around the rope guide at the head of the first arm, and all the rope guides at the heads and roots of the second to N-1th arms; one end of the arm retracting rope is wound on the arm retracting drum, and the other end is fixed to the N-th arm; the boom locking device is used to lock or unlock the relative positions of two adjacent arms. The telescopic mechanism of the present invention does not bear the load of the hoisting weight, and the telescopic arm can be extended and retracted in any order. A telescopic oil cylinder can also be attached to the boom to realize stepless adjustment of the arm length and telescopic with load. It breaks the limitations of the existing telescopic technology, greatly simplifies the telescopic mechanism, expands the function of the telescopic boom, and improves the lifting capacity and efficiency of the crane.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of telescopic booms of cranes, and in particular to a telescopic boom and a crane. Background Art

[0002] There are currently two main forms of telescopic boom extension for cranes. One is the single-cylinder latch telescopic method suitable for large-tonnage cranes. In this method, since the cylinder does not bear the lifting weight, the cylinder can be made thinner and compact in structure. The single-cylinder latch is also conducive to optimizing the telescopic sequence of the arm section and improving the lifting capacity of the boom. However, the disadvantages of the single-cylinder latch are slow speed, high processing precision requirements, complex control, and inconvenient maintenance. Another telescopic form is to link the telescopic cylinder with the rope row to achieve synchronous telescopic extension of the multi-stage boom, such as Patent Document 1 (Publication No.: CN101575075A) and Patent Document 2 (Publication No.: CN202481966U). This is a traditional telescopic method. This method is simple in principle and fast in speed. It is a telescopic technology that is still widely used in the industry. In this telescopic method of telescopic cylinder plus rope row, since there is no locking device between two adjacent telescopic arms, the cylinder and rope row must also bear the huge axial force caused by the lifting weight during the loading process. Therefore, the telescopic cylinder has a large diameter, a large number of rope strands, a complex internal layout, and difficulty in optimizing the arm tube, which limits the lifting capacity. In addition, in the existing telescopic boom with a telescopic cylinder and a rope strand, when the number of telescopic arms is greater than 4, two cylinders are usually required to achieve it. For example, the crane boom disclosed in Patent Document 2 (Publication No.: CN202481966U) includes two cylinders, and the second cylinder is located between the third and fourth boom sections. When the cylinder bears the lifting weight, the weight of the cylinder itself is also large, thereby increasing the deadweight of the boom and reducing the lifting capacity. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems in the existing boom telescopic technology, the oil cylinder plus rope telescopic device has limited load-bearing capacity, simple combination mode, complex single cylinder latch mechanism, cumbersome operation, low efficiency, etc., the present invention provides a telescopic boom, simplifies the telescopic structure of the telescopic boom, and improves the flexibility of the boom telescopic. The specific technical solution is as follows.

[0004] A telescopic boom, comprising N boom sections arranged in sequence from outside to inside, N being greater than or equal to 3, the outermost boom section being the first boom section, and the innermost boom section being the Nth boom section, characterized in that it also comprises: an extension boom drum, a retraction boom drum, an extension boom rope, a retraction boom rope, a rope guide, and a boom locking device;

[0005] The boom extension drum and the boom retracting drum are arranged on the first boom section or the turntable of the crane;

[0006] The rope guide is provided at the head of the first boom section, and the heads and roots of the second to N-1th boom sections. One end of the boom rope is wound around the boom drum, and the other end is fixed to the root of the Nth boom section. The boom rope passes around the rope guide at the head of the first boom section and all the rope guides at the heads and roots of the second to N-1th boom sections in sequence; wherein the root is one end on the upstream side of the extending direction of a boom section, and the head is one end on the downstream side of the extending direction of a boom section.

[0007] One end of the arm retracting rope is wound on the arm retracting drum, and the other end is fixed to the Nth arm;

[0008] The boom locking device is arranged on any one of two adjacent boom sections or on both adjacent boom sections, and is used to lock or unlock the relative position of the two adjacent boom sections.

[0009] Furthermore, the arm extension reel and the arm retracting reel are driven by the same drive motor or by different drive motors. When the arm extension reel and the arm retracting reel are driven by different drive motors, the arm extension reel and the arm retracting reel rotate synchronously, and the arm extension rope and the arm retracting rope have opposite winding directions. When the drive motor rotates, the arm extension reel and the arm retracting reel rotate synchronously, and when the arm extension reel retracts the rope, the arm retracting reel releases the rope; when the arm retracting reel retracts the rope, the arm extension reel releases the rope.

[0010] Furthermore, the rope guide is a pulley or an arc array shaft or an arc guide groove.

[0011] Further, the boom locking device is a latch locking device, which includes a latch provided on one of any two adjacent boom sections, and a blocking portion cooperating with the latch provided on the other of any two adjacent boom sections; preferably, the blocking portion is a latch hole or a boss. The latch can be driven by electricity or hydraulic pressure to insert the latch into or pull it out of the latch hole to achieve locking or unlocking of the two adjacent boom sections (or the latch abuts against the boss to achieve locking, and the latch is disengaged / separated from the boss to achieve unlocking).

[0012] Furthermore, the boom locking device includes a gate locking device and an auxiliary latch locking device, the gate locking device is used to lock or unlock the retraction of the inner arm of two adjacent boom sections; the auxiliary latch is used to lock or unlock the extension of the inner arm of two adjacent boom sections; the auxiliary latch locking device includes an auxiliary latch arranged on one of any two adjacent boom sections, and the other of any two adjacent boom sections is provided with an auxiliary blocking portion that cooperates with the auxiliary latch; preferably, the auxiliary blocking portion is a latch hole or a boss.

[0013] Furthermore, the telescopic boom is also provided with a telescopic oil cylinder, the telescopic oil cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a cylinder rod, the cylinder rod is connected to one of any two adjacent boom sections, and the cylinder barrel is connected to the other of any two adjacent boom sections. The telescopic oil cylinder can be arranged on the inner side of the arm barrel or on the outer side of the arm barrel.

[0014] Furthermore, the telescopic boom can be extended sequentially from the second boom section to the Nth boom section, and the extension amount or retraction amount of any specified boom section can be adjusted under any boom length working condition.

[0015] The invention also relates to a crane having the telescopic boom described above.

[0016] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention can realize the telescopic boom with multiple booms by using a rope drum, which greatly simplifies the structure of the boom and reduces the arm extension force of the boom. The specific telescopic operation process is as follows: in the fully retracted state, each boom section is locked. When the boom needs to be extended, the lock between the first and second boom ends can be released starting from the second telescopic boom, the arm extension rope is recovered under the winding of the arm extension drum, and the arm retraction rope is released synchronously under the unwinding action of the arm retraction drum. Since the remaining boom sections are mutually locked, no relative movement will occur, and only the second boom section is pulled out by the arm extension rope (the relative position of the third to Nth boom sections and the second boom section remains unchanged). When the extension length of the second boom section reaches the predetermined target, it is locked, and the locks of the remaining boom sections are released in sequence (only one boom section is released at a time), and the drum is driven to retract and release the rope, so that the extension locking of each boom section can be realized in sequence. When the boom is in place, each boom section is in a locked state, and the lifting operation can be carried out. It should be noted that, starting from the fully retracted state, the locks of each boom section can be released in sequence, and the boom rope is recovered under the winding of the boom drum, so that the boom can be extended step by step without stopping. When the telescopic boom retracts, the lock of the arm section that needs to be retracted is released, and the remaining arm sections are in a locked state. The retracting arm rope is recovered under the winding of the retracting arm drum, and the boom rope is released synchronously under the unwinding action of the retracting arm drum, so as to achieve the retraction of one of the boom sections, and then the retraction of the other arm sections is completed in sequence until the telescopic boom reaches the fully retracted state. It should be noted that the extension of the telescopic boom can be extended not in the order of the second boom section, the third boom section, ..., the Nth boom section (the retraction order is reversed), and any boom section can be extended first (the arm to be extended is in the unlocked state), and then the remaining other boom sections can be selected for extension, and the same is true when retracting. Therefore, the telescopic flexibility of the telescopic boom is greatly improved, and the telescopic method of the existing telescopic boom that must be extended or retracted in a certain order is changed. When the boom is in any working arm length state, if you want to change the extension length of a certain arm section, just release the lock of the arm section and drive the drum to retract and release the rope to achieve the extension and retraction of the arm section.

[0017] In the above scheme, the telescopic cylinder and the driving drum (the boom extension drum and the boom retracting drum) can work simultaneously, which can not only realize the stepless adjustment of the arm length, but also can be extended and retracted with load under any arm length working condition. For example, the telescopic cylinder includes a cylinder barrel and a cylinder rod, the cylinder rod is connected to the first arm section, and the cylinder barrel is connected to the second arm section. When working, the extension and retraction of the second arm section can be completed by the telescopic rope and the telescopic cylinder, and can be extended and retracted with load within the extension range of the second arm section, and can also be matched with other arm sections to realize stepless adjustment of the arm length.

[0018] The present invention, on the basis of introducing a boom locking device, adopts a reel to retract and release the rope to drive the boom to extend and retract. Compared with the prior art oil cylinder plus rope row extension and retraction method, the driving force is greatly reduced. Compared with the single cylinder latch extension and retraction method, since it can be extended and retracted step by step from bottom to top without stopping, and the extension amount of a given boom section can be adjusted in real time under any boom length working condition, the continuity and flexibility of the extension and retraction process are greatly improved. The present invention is conducive to optimizing the telescopic sequence of the boom sections. The telescopic mechanism (rope) does not bear any load during operation, thereby improving the lifting capacity. In addition, the present invention can add a telescopic oil cylinder to the boom barrel, which can realize stepless adjustment of the boom length and can be extended and retracted with load under any boom length working condition. This fundamentally breaks the limitations of the existing telescopic technology and greatly improves the function of the telescopic boom of the crane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic boom according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (the boom is in a fully retracted state);

[0020] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic boom according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention (the boom is in a fully extended state);

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the telescopic boom of Example 1 of the present invention (the third boom section and the fourth boom section are in the extended state);

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the boom locking device installed on the telescopic boom;

[0023] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the arc array shaft;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic boom according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention (the boom is in a fully retracted state);

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a telescopic boom according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention (the boom is in a fully extended state);

[0026] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the telescopic boom of Example 3 of the present invention (the boom is in a fully extended state).

[0027] In the figure: first boom section Ⅰ, second boom section Ⅱ, third boom section Ⅲ, fourth boom section Ⅳ, fifth boom section Ⅴ, boom extension rope 1, boom retracting rope 2, boom locking device 3, latch locking device 3.1, gate locking device 3.2, telescopic cylinder 4, boom extension drum 5, boom retracting drum 6, oil pipe or cable 7, arc array shaft 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] See also Figure 1-3 A telescopic boom, comprising a first boom section I, a second boom section II, a third boom section III, a fourth boom section IV and a fifth boom section V which are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside, and further comprising: a boom extension drum 5, a retracting boom drum 6, a boom extension rope 1, a retracting boom rope 2 and a boom locking device 3; the boom extension drum 5 and the retracting boom drum 6 are arranged on the first boom section I or the turntable of the crane, that is, the relative positions of the boom extension drum 5 and the retracting boom drum 6 and the first boom section I are fixed;

[0031] The head of the first boom section I is provided with a rope guide, and the heads and roots of the second boom section II, the third boom section III, and the fourth boom section IV are also provided with rope guides. One end of the boom rope 1 is wound on the boom drum 5, and the other end is fixed to the root of the fifth boom section V. The boom rope 1 is passed through the rope guide at the head of the first boom section I, the rope guide at the root of the second boom section II, the rope guide at the head of the second boom section II, the rope guide at the root of the third boom section III, the rope guide at the head of the third boom section III, the rope guide at the root of the fourth boom section IV, and the rope guide at the head of the fourth boom section IV in sequence; the root is an end on the upstream side of the boom section extending direction, and the head is an end on the downstream side of the boom section extending direction;

[0032] One end of the arm retracting rope 2 is wound on the arm retracting drum 6, and the other end is fixed to the root of the fifth arm section V;

[0033] The boom locking device 3 is arranged on any one of the two adjacent boom sections or on both adjacent boom sections, and is used to lock or unlock the relative position of the two adjacent boom sections.

[0034] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 5 The rope guide is a pulley or an arc array shaft or an arc guide groove to ensure that the arm rope 1 slides on the rope guide with relatively small resistance.

[0035] Preferably, see Figure 4, the boom locking device 3 can adopt an ordinary latch locking device 3.1. The latch locking device 3.1 includes a latch arranged on the first boom section, and a latch hole cooperating with the latch is arranged on the second boom section, wherein the latch can be driven by electricity or hydraulics to insert the latch into the latch hole or pull it out from the latch hole to achieve locking or unlocking of two adjacent boom sections; the oil pipe or cable 7 is arranged on the arm tube to transmit electricity or hydraulic oil. It should be noted that the latch hole can also be replaced by a boss. When the latch abuts against the boss, the retraction and / or extension of the second boom section can be limited to achieve locking of the second boom section; when the latch retracts, the latch separates from the boss to achieve unlocking of the second boom section.

[0036] Preferably, see Figure 4 The boom locking device 3 (a boom locking device for locking the relative positions of the second boom and the third boom) may include a gate locking device 3.2 and a latch locking device 3.1 (an example of an auxiliary latch locking device), wherein the gate locking device 3.2 is used to lock or unlock the retraction of the inner arm (the third boom) of the two adjacent booms, and the gate locking device 3.2 may adopt, for example, the locking device of the telescopic boom disclosed in Patent Document 4 (Publication No.: CN108116995A); the gate locking device 3.2 mainly includes a movable gate arranged on one of the two adjacent booms and a blocking plate arranged on the other boom, when the gate and the blocking plate are in contact with each other, the retraction of the inner arm is locked, and when the gate and the blocking plate are separated, the retraction of the inner arm is unlocked. The latch locking device 3.1 here mainly plays an auxiliary role to control the extension of the third arm. When it is necessary to prevent the third arm from extending, the latch locking device 3.1 locks the relative position of the third arm and the second arm; when it is necessary to prevent the third arm from retracting, the gate locking device 3.2 is used to lock the retraction of the third arm relative to the second arm. Therefore, the latch of the latch locking device 3.1 playing an auxiliary role here can be made relatively small, and does not need to bear the weight of the third arm and the arms above, nor does it need to bear the weight of the hanging weight. The weight of the hanging weight is mainly borne by the gate locking device 3.2.

[0037] When the telescopic boom is used for lifting, all the boom locking devices are in a locked state. The locking devices bear the entire load of the boom, while the extension rope and retracting rope do not bear the load, which helps to reduce the requirements for the extension rope.

[0038] The boom drum 5 and the retracting drum 6 can be driven by the same motor (not shown). When the driving motor rotates, the boom drum 5 and the retracting drum 6 rotate synchronously. The retracting rope and the boom rope are wound in opposite directions. When the boom drum retracts the rope, the retracting drum releases the rope; when the retracting drum retracts the rope, the boom drum releases the rope. When the telescopic boom is extended or retracted, the extension / retraction length of the boom rope 1 is the same as the retraction / extension length of the retracting rope 2. Optionally, the boom drum 5 and the retracting drum 6 can also be driven by different motors, and the two cooperate with each other to retract and release the rope.

[0039] The specific telescopic operation process is as follows: In the fully retracted state ( Figure 1 ), each boom section is bidirectionally locked. When the boom needs to be extended, the first telescopic boom can be started, and the mutual position lock between the first boom section I and the second boom section II can be released. The extension rope 1 is recovered under the action of the drum, and the retracting rope is released synchronously. Since the third boom section III, the fourth boom section IV, and the fifth boom section V are mutually locked, no relative movement will occur. The second boom section II is pulled out by the extension rope 1 and locked when it is extended to the right position. Similarly, the locks of the remaining boom sections are released in sequence (only one boom section is released at a time), and the drum is driven to retract and release the rope, so that the extension of each boom section can be realized in sequence. When each boom is extended to the right position, each boom section is locked, and the lifting operation can be carried out.

[0040] When the arm needs to be retracted, the locking state of each arm section is released in the opposite order to the arm extension, the arm retracting rope 2 is recovered under the action of the drum, the arm extension rope 1 is released, and each arm section can be retracted in sequence.

[0041] In this solution, it is also possible to individually control the locking and unlocking of a certain arm segment in each arm segment, and to achieve the extension and retraction of the specified arm segment by reeling in and releasing the rope, such as Figure 3 As shown, the third boom III and the fourth boom IV are in the extended state. When the boom is in any working boom length state, if the extended length of a certain boom section is to be changed, the boom section can be extended or retracted by simply releasing the lock of the boom section and driving the drum to retract and release the rope.

[0042] It should be noted that a 5-section telescopic boom is adopted in this embodiment, but those skilled in the art can understand that the number of arm segments of the telescopic boom of the present invention can be any number greater than or equal to 3, for example, the telescopic boom includes 3, 4, 6, 7 or 8 sections of the boom, etc.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Based on the above Example 1, see Figure 6-7The telescopic boom of embodiment 2 further includes a telescopic oil cylinder 4 that can work in coordination with the boom rope. The telescopic oil cylinder 4 includes a cylinder barrel and a cylinder rod. The cylinder rod is connected to the first boom section I, and the cylinder barrel is connected to the second boom section II. The telescopic oil cylinder can drive the second boom section II to move relative to the first boom section I. The telescopic movement of the second boom section II can be accomplished by the telescopic rope 1 and the telescopic oil cylinder 4. The telescopic oil cylinder 4 enables the second boom section II to be telescopic with load within the telescopic range (telescopic while hoisting a heavy object), and can also be matched with other boom sections to achieve stepless adjustment of the arm length.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] Based on the above Example 2, see Figure 8 , the telescopic cylinder 4 in Example 2 is arranged between the third boom III and the fourth boom IV, that is, the cylinder rod is connected to the third boom III, and the cylinder barrel is connected to the fourth boom IV. The function and effect of the telescopic cylinder 4 are the same as those in Example 2. It should be noted that the telescopic cylinder 4 can be arranged between any two adjacent booms.

[0047] in addition, Figure 7-8 The telescopic oil cylinder 4 is arranged on the inner side of the boom cylinder, but the telescopic oil cylinder 4 can also be arranged on the outer side of the boom cylinder. When the oil cylinder is arranged on the outer side, the cylinder barrel of the telescopic oil cylinder faces the first boom section, and the cylinder rod faces the extension direction. The advantage of placing the telescopic oil cylinder on the outer side is that the oil cylinder can be used as an optional part and can be removed when not in use to reduce the weight of the boom. When the telescopic oil cylinder is needed, it is installed between the designated two adjacent boom sections.

[0048] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations. For example, in the above-mentioned schematic diagram, only one boom rope is drawn, but in fact two or more boom ropes can be arranged. The above-mentioned specific implementations are merely illustrative and not limiting. Under the enlightenment of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make more forms without departing from the scope of protection of the purpose of the present invention and the claims, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A telescopic boom, comprising N boom sections arranged in sequence from outside to inside, N being greater than or equal to 3, the outermost boom section being the first boom section, the innermost boom section being the Nth boom section, characterized in that: Also includes: Boom drum, retracting drum, boom rope, retracting rope, rope guide and boom locking device; The boom extension drum and the boom retracting drum are arranged on the first boom section or the turntable of the crane; The rope guide is provided at the head of the first boom section, and the heads and roots of the second to N-1th boom sections. One end of the boom rope is wound around the boom drum, and the other end is fixed to the root of the Nth boom section. The boom rope is passed around the rope guide at the head of the first boom section, and all the rope guides at the heads and roots of the second to N-1th boom sections in sequence. One end of the arm retracting rope is wound on the arm retracting drum, and the other end is fixed to the root of the Nth arm section; The boom locking device is provided on two adjacent boom sections at the same time, and is used to lock or unlock the relative positions of the two adjacent boom sections; In the fully retracted state, all boom sections are locked. When the boom needs to be extended, the lock of a certain boom section can be released, and the extension rope is recovered under the winding of the extension drum, and the retracting rope is released synchronously under the unwinding action of the retracting drum. Since the other boom sections are mutually locked, no relative movement occurs, and only the boom section is pulled out by the extension rope; when the extension length of the boom section reaches the predetermined target, it is locked, and the locks of the remaining boom sections are released in sequence, and the extension drum and retracting drum are driven to retract and release the retracting rope and the extension rope, so that the extension of the remaining boom sections can be realized in sequence. When the telescopic boom is extended to the right position, each boom section is in a locked state; The boom locking device includes a gate locking device and an auxiliary latch locking device, the gate locking device is used to lock or unlock the retraction of the inner arm of two adjacent boom sections, the gate locking device includes a movable gate arranged on one of the two adjacent boom sections and a blocking plate arranged on the other boom section; the auxiliary latch locking device is used to lock or unlock the extension of the inner arm of two adjacent boom sections; the auxiliary latch locking device includes an auxiliary latch arranged on one of any two adjacent boom sections, and the other of any two adjacent boom sections is provided with an auxiliary blocking portion cooperating with the auxiliary latch, and the auxiliary blocking portion is a latch hole or a boss.

2. The telescopic boom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extending arm reel and the retracting arm reel are driven by different driving motors respectively.

3. The telescopic boom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arm extension drum and the arm retracting drum are driven by the same driving motor, the arm extension drum and the arm retracting drum rotate synchronously, and the arm extension rope and the arm retracting rope have opposite winding directions.

4. The telescopic boom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rope guide is a pulley or an arc array shaft or an arc guide groove.

5. The telescopic boom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic boom is also provided with a telescopic oil cylinder, which includes a cylinder barrel and a cylinder rod. The cylinder rod is connected to one of any two adjacent boom sections, and the cylinder barrel is connected to the other of any two adjacent boom sections.

6. The telescopic boom according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic boom can be extended sequentially from the second boom section to the Nth boom section, and the extension amount or retraction amount of any specified boom section can be adjusted under any boom length working condition.

7. A crane, characterized in that: A telescopic boom as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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