A tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking and tunnel boring method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a tunnel boring machine and a tunneling method thereof that utilizes laser rock breaking, and aims to solve the problems that with the increase in rock strength, the abnormal wear of the roller cutter and the increase in the frequency of replacement, which in turn leads to a decrease in shield tunneling efficiency and an increase in tunneling costs. The present invention comprises a tunnel boring machine mainframe, on which a cutter disc is provided, and on which a laser generating device is provided. The present invention adopts the principles of laser and water cooling to replace traditional metal cutters, which not only greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency, but also solves the problem that traditional metal cutters are prone to abnormal damage when tunneling in severely uneven geology such as soft upper and hard lower geology, thereby saving cutter costs and reducing the risk of cutter replacement, and adopts the method of suspended cutting or extrusion rock breaking, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency and reduces the excavation cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machines, and in particular to a tunnel boring machine utilizing laser rock breaking and a tunnel boring method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, tunnel excavation mainly relies on disc cutters to squeeze rocks to break rock mass, which mainly overcomes the compressive strength of rocks. For rock formations of general strength, its rock breaking efficiency is acceptable, but as the rock strength increases, the efficiency of rock breaking by cutters gradually decreases, and the abnormal wear and replacement frequency of cutters increase, which leads to a decrease in shield excavation efficiency and an increase in excavation costs. At the same time, when excavating severely uneven geology such as soft on the top and hard on the bottom, traditional metal cutters are prone to abnormal damage.

[0003] The principle of laser technology is to destroy rock by generating high-energy laser beams. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a tunneling machine and a tunneling method thereof using laser rock breaking.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a tunnel boring machine using laser to break rocks, comprising a tunnel boring machine main machine, a cutter disc is arranged on the tunnel boring machine main machine, and a laser generating device is arranged on the cutter disc.

[0006] The laser generating device comprises a laser emitter and a water cooler, and both the laser emitter and the water cooler are arranged on the cutter disc.

[0007] The cutterhead is a conical cutterhead, and the central axis of the laser emitter is not arranged perpendicularly to the tunnel face.

[0008] The cutterhead is a plane cutterhead, and the central axis of the laser emitter is arranged perpendicular to the tunnel face.

[0009] The central axis of the laser transmitter is parallel to the central axis of the water cooler.

[0010] A high-voltage power output system is connected to the laser transmitter, and the high-voltage power output system includes a power distribution cabinet, a transformer and a controller. The power distribution cabinet is connected to the transformer, and the transformer is connected to the controller and the laser transmitter through cables and pipelines.

[0011] A pressurized water output system is connected to the water cooler. The pressurized water output system includes a booster pump. The booster pump is connected to the water cooler through a booster water pipeline.

[0012] It also includes a water and electricity transmission and distribution system, which includes a transmission and distribution pipe. The cable pipeline of the high-voltage electricity output system and the pressurized water pipeline of the pressurized water output system are both arranged in the transmission and distribution pipe.

[0013] The laser generating device also includes a box body, which is fixed on the cutter disc, one end of which is connected to the laser emitter and the water cooler, and the other end of which is connected to the transmission and distribution pipe.

[0014] The box body is detachably connected to the laser emitter and the water cooler.

[0015] A tunneling method using a tunnel boring machine for laser rock breaking, comprising the following steps: 1. Starting a high-voltage power output system: After the high-voltage power output system is started, the current output by the power distribution cabinet is pressurized by a transformer and then outputs a high-voltage current until the voltage of the high-voltage current reaches the voltage required for laser ray rock breaking for cutting rocks;

[0016] ② Step ① When the high-voltage power output system is started, the pressurized water output system is started. After the pressurized water output system is started, the booster pump compresses the water flow and outputs a pressurized water flow until the pressure of the pressurized water flow reaches the pressure required for cutting rocks;

[0017] ③ Start the main engine of the tunnel boring machine: the cutter head of the cutter head system is driven by the drive system to start rotating, which in turn drives the laser generating device to start rotating, the high-voltage current output by the high-voltage power output system is emitted through the laser emitter, and the pressurized water stream output by the pressurized water output system is emitted through the water cooler, and the pressurized water stream forms a pressurized water jet;

[0018] ④ Excavation of the tunnel face: In step ③, the laser beam emitted by the laser transmitter heats the rock, and the water sprayed by the water cooler cools the rock to break it.

[0019] The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter in step ④ is an inclined laser beam or a vertical laser beam.

[0020] The laser beam described in step ④ heats the rock on the tunnel face. When the cutterhead is a conical cutterhead, the tunnel face is an open face, and the laser beam is inclined to the hot tunnel face rock. The laser beam inclined to the hot tunnel face rock penetrates the tunnel face rock and forms an open face. After the laser beam heats the rock, the water cooler sprays water to cool the rock. When the quenching force on the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock itself, the rock on the open face side of the tunnel face rock falls off.

[0021] The laser beam described in step ④ heats the rock on the tunnel face. When the cutterhead is a flat cutterhead, the laser beam is perpendicular to the hot rock on the tunnel face. After the laser beam perpendicular to the hot rock on the tunnel face heats the rock, the water cooler sprays water to cool the rock. When the quenching force on the rock exceeds the compressive strength of the rock itself, the internal structure is destroyed and the rock on the tunnel face falls off.

[0022] The present invention adopts the principles of laser and water cooling to replace traditional metal tools, which not only greatly improves the rock breaking efficiency, but also solves the problem that traditional metal tools are prone to abnormal damage when excavating severe uneven geology such as soft upper and hard lower geology, thereby saving tool costs and reducing the risk of tool replacement. In addition, the method of suspended cutting or extrusion rock breaking is adopted, which greatly improves the excavation efficiency and reduces the excavation cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the cutter disc is a conical cutter disc;

[0024] Figure 2 1. is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the cutter disc when the cutter disc of the present invention is a conical cutter disc;

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the laser generating device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when the cutter disc is a flat cutter disc;

[0027] Figure 5 1. It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the cutter disc when the cutter disc of the present invention is a flat cutter disc;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-voltage electricity output system and the pressurized water output system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the electric slip ring and the hydraulic rotary joint of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking includes a tunnel boring machine main machine, on which a cutter head 301 is provided, and on which a laser generating device 2 is provided.

[0032] The laser generating device 2 comprises a laser emitter 201 and a water cooler 202, both of which are arranged on the cutter head 301. The water cooler 202 of the present invention is a water emission nozzle.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the cutterhead 301 is a conical cutterhead, and the central axis of the laser emitter 201 is not perpendicular to the tunnel face. The setting of the conical cutterhead ensures that the laser emitted from the laser emitter 201 is not perpendicular to the tunnel face. The angle of the laser emitter 201 radially tilted from the center of the cutterhead 301 to the outside is between 15 and 25 degrees, so that the present invention adopts the suspended rock breaking method to break the rock. The main feature of the suspended rock breaking method is that there is a certain angle between the rock breaking force and the tunnel face, which is no longer a vertical relationship. Therefore, an air-facing surface will be formed on one side of the tunnel face. When the rock breaking force acts on the rock mass, since one side of the tunnel face is in the air, the rock breaking mainly overcomes the tensile strength of the rock. The tensile strength of the rock is much lower than the compressive strength of the rock, so the efficiency of suspended rock breaking is much higher than that of extrusion rock breaking.

[0034] like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the cutterhead 301 is a flat cutterhead, and the central axis of the laser emitter 201 is arranged perpendicular to the tunnel face. In this embodiment, the laser emitter 201 rotates with the cutterhead 301 to form a trajectory line 204; the same trajectory line 204 is cut by at least one laser emitter 201. A flat cutterhead refers to a circular cutterhead whose contact surface between the cutterhead 301 and the tunnel face is a flat surface. The arrangement of the flat cutterhead ensures that the laser emitted from the laser emitter 201 is arranged perpendicular to the tunnel face, so that the present invention adopts an extrusion rock breaking method to break the rock. A high voltage current passes through the laser emitter 201 to emit a vertical laser beam. After the laser beam heats the rock, the water cooler 202 sprays water to cool the rock. The rock is subjected to the dual effects of heating and quenching in a short time, and the internal structure is destroyed and then broken and peeled off from the tunnel face.

[0035] The central axis of the laser emitter 201 is parallel to the central axis of the water cooler 202. The trajectory of the water cooler 202 is ensured to coincide with the trajectory 204 of the laser emitter 201, and the water cooler 202 rapidly cools the rock heated by the laser beam.

[0036] A high-voltage power output system 80 is connected to the laser emitter 201. The high-voltage power output system 80 includes a power distribution cabinet 801, a transformer 803 and a controller. The power distribution cabinet 801 is connected to the transformer 803. The transformer 803 is connected to the controller and the laser emitter 201 through a cable line. A high-voltage voltmeter is provided on the circuit between the power transmission port of the hydropower output system 80 and the transformer 803.

[0037] A pressurized water output system 81 is connected to the water cooler 202 . The pressurized water output system 81 includes a booster pump 805 . The booster pump 805 is connected to the water cooler 202 via a pressurized water pipeline.

[0038] It also includes a water and electricity transmission and distribution system 4, which includes a transmission and distribution pipe 403. The cable line pipeline of the high-voltage power output system 80 and the pressurized water pipeline of the pressurized water output system 81 are both arranged in the transmission and distribution pipe 403. The transmission and distribution pipe 403 is a porous pipe that integrates the pressurized water pipe and the cable pipe. The cutter head 301 of the present invention is provided with a porous passage that matches the water cooler 202 and the laser generating device box 203. The total entrance of the porous passage of the cutter head 301 is provided with an electric slip ring 402 and a hydraulic rotary joint 401. The rotor cable and the stator cable of the cable line pipeline are connected through the electric slip ring 402, and the rotor pipeline and the stator pipeline of the pressurized water pipeline are connected through the hydraulic rotary joint 401.

[0039] The laser generating device 2 also includes a box 203, which is fixed on the cutter head 301. One end of the box 203 is connected to the laser emitter 201 and the water cooler 202, and the other end is connected to the distribution pipe 403. The box 203 of the present invention fixes and supports the laser emitter 201 and the water cooler 202. The arrangement of the box 203 is evenly distributed on the cutter head in a spiral shape to form a spiral track, so that the laser generating device 2 can fully cover the excavation section. With the rotation of the cutter head, the laser generating device can achieve full-section excavation; the arrangement of the box can also adopt other arrangements, such as uniform arrangement, annular arrangement, etc. Because the laser emitter and the water cooler are on the outside of the cutter head for a long time, the falling rock chips are easy to damage the laser emitter 201 and the water cooler. The box 203 is set to be detachably connected with the laser emitter 201 and the water cooler, so that the laser emitter 201 can be replaced at any time.

[0040] The box 203 is detachably connected to the laser emitter 201 and the water cooler 202 .

[0041] The present invention also includes a cutterhead system 3, a slag discharge system 6 and a stepping system 7. The cutterhead 301 is arranged on the cutterhead 301, and a cutterhead driving system 5 is provided in cooperation with the cutterhead system 3. A slag discharge system 6 cooperating with the cutterhead system 3 is provided inside the tunnel boring machine mainframe, and a stepping system 7 is provided on the tunnel boring machine mainframe.

[0042] A tunneling method using a tunnel boring machine for laser rock breaking, comprising the following steps: 1. Starting a high-voltage power output system 80: After the high-voltage power output system 80 is started, the current output by a power distribution cabinet 801 is pressurized by a transformer 803 to output a high-voltage current, until the voltage of the high-voltage current reaches the voltage required for laser ray rock breaking for cutting rocks; the high-voltage current of the present invention is measured by a high-voltage voltmeter 802 to obtain a real-time output voltage value, and the power of the transformer 803 is adjusted according to the measured real-time output voltage value; the voltage required by the present invention needs to reach more than 3000 volts.

[0043] ② Step ① While starting the high-voltage electric output system 80, start the pressurized water output system 81. After the pressurized water output system 81 is started, the booster pump 805 compresses the water flow and outputs a pressurized water stream until the pressure of the pressurized water stream reaches the pressure required for cutting rocks; the pressure of the pressurized water stream of the present invention needs to ensure that the water outlet speed of the water cooler 202 reaches 100m / s.

[0044] ③ Start the main engine of the tunnel boring machine: the cutter head 301 of the cutter head system 3 is driven by the driving system 5 to start rotating, thereby driving the laser generating device 2 to start rotating, the high-voltage current output by the high-voltage power output system 80 is emitted through the laser emitter 201, and the pressurized water stream output by the pressurized water output system 81 is emitted through the water cooler 202, and the pressurized water stream forms a pressurized water jet;

[0045] ④ Excavation of the tunnel face: Step ③ The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 201 heats the rock, and the water sprayed by the water cooler 202 cools the rock to break the rock. The rock slag and water after rock breaking are discharged through the slag discharge system 6, and the stepping system 7 drives the main machine of the tunnel boring machine to continue moving until the rock breaking project is completed.

[0046] The laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 201 in step ④ is an inclined laser beam or a vertical laser beam.

[0047] The laser beam described in step ④ heats the face rock 1. When the cutterhead is a conical cutterhead, the face is an open face, and the laser beam is inclined to the hot face rock 1. The laser beam inclined to the hot face rock 1 penetrates the face rock 1 and forms an open face. After the laser beam heats the rock, the water cooler 202 sprays water to cool the rock. When the quenching force on the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock itself, the rock on the open face side of the face rock 1 falls off.

[0048] The laser beam described in step ④ heats the face rock 1. When the cutterhead is a flat cutterhead, the laser beam is a laser beam perpendicular to the hot face rock 1. After the laser beam perpendicular to the hot face rock 1 heats the rock, the water cooler 202 sprays water to cool the rock. When the quenching force on the rock exceeds the compressive strength of the rock itself, the internal structure is destroyed and the face rock 1 falls off.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine for breaking rock using laser, comprising a tunnel boring machine main machine, on which a cutter disc (301) is provided, characterized in that: The cutter disc (301) is provided with a laser generating device (2); The laser generating device (2) comprises a laser emitter (201) and a water cooler (202), wherein the laser emitter (201) and the water cooler (202) are both arranged on a blade disc (301); a high-voltage electric output system (80) is connected to the laser emitter (201), and a high-voltage current output by the high-voltage electric output system is emitted through the laser emitter; a pressurized water output system (81) is connected to the water cooler (202), and a pressurized water stream output by the pressurized water output system is emitted through the water cooler, and the pressurized water stream forms a pressurized water jet; It also includes a water and electricity transmission and distribution system (4), the water and electricity transmission and distribution system (4) includes a transmission and distribution pipe (403), and the cable pipeline of the high-voltage power output system (80) and the pressurized water pipeline of the pressurized water output system (81) are both arranged in the transmission and distribution pipe (403); The laser generating device (2) further comprises a box (203), the box (203) being fixed on the cutter head (301), one end of the box (203) being connected to the laser emitter (201) and the water cooler (202), and the other end being connected to the transmission and distribution pipe (403); the box (203) is arranged in a spiral shape and evenly distributed on the cutter head to form a spiral track, so that the laser generating device (2) fully covers the excavation section; The cutterhead (301) is a conical cutterhead, and the central axis of the laser emitter (201) is not arranged perpendicularly to the tunnel face; when the cutterhead is a conical cutterhead, the tunnel face is an open face, and the laser beam is a laser beam inclined at the hot tunnel face rock (1). The laser beam inclined at the hot tunnel face rock (1) penetrates the tunnel face rock (1) and forms an open face. After the laser beam heats the rock, the water cooler (202) sprays water to cool the rock. When the quenching force on the rock exceeds the tensile strength of the rock itself, the rock on the open face side of the tunnel face rock (1) falls off. The central axis of the laser emitter (201) is parallel to the central axis of the water cooler (202); the trajectory of the water cooler (202) is ensured to coincide with the trajectory (204) of the laser emitter (201), and the water cooler (202) has a rapid cooling effect on the rock heated by the laser beam.

2. The tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage power output system (80) comprises a power distribution cabinet (801), a transformer (803) and a controller. The power distribution cabinet (801) is connected to the transformer (803), and the transformer (803) is connected to the controller and the laser transmitter (201) via cables and pipelines.

3. The tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pressurized water output system (81) comprises a pressurized pump (805), and the pressurized pump (805) is connected to the water cooler (202) via a pressurized water pipeline.

4. The tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking according to claim 3, characterized in that: The box (203) is detachably connected to the laser emitter (201) and the water cooler (202).

5. A tunneling method using a tunnel boring machine using laser rock breaking as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ① Starting the high-voltage power output system (80): After the high-voltage power output system (80) is started, the current output by the power distribution cabinet (801) is pressurized by the transformer (803) to output the high-voltage current until the voltage of the high-voltage current reaches the voltage required for the laser beam to break the rock; ② Step ① starts the high voltage electricity output system (80) and the pressurized water output system (81) at the same time. After the pressurized water output system (81) is started, the booster pump (805) compresses the water flow and outputs a pressurized water stream until the pressure of the pressurized water stream reaches the pressure required for cutting rocks; ③ Starting the main engine of the tunnel boring machine: the cutter head (301) of the cutter head system (3) is driven by the drive system (5) to start rotating, thereby driving the laser generating device (2) to start rotating, the high-voltage current output by the high-voltage power output system (80) is emitted through the laser emitter (201), the pressurized water stream output by the pressurized water output system (81) is emitted through the water cooler (202), and the pressurized water stream forms a pressurized water jet; ④ Excavating the tunnel face: In step ③, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter (201) heats the rock, and the water sprayed by the water cooler (202) cools the rock to break it.

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