Inclined shaft construction method and inclined shaft construction system

Abstract

An inclined shaft construction method and an inclined shaft construction system. In the inclined shaft construction method, when a pilot tunnel is excavated, a plurality of sleeves (4) are sequentially connected to the rear side of a pilot tunnelling apparatus (1) along with forward excavation of the pilot tunnelling apparatus, the pilot tunneling apparatus (1) is removed after pilot tunneling is completed, an excavation expansion and tunneling apparatus is mounted and the excavation expansion and tunneling apparatus is directly or indirectly connected to the foremost sleeve (4), then a push-pull oil cylinder (202) is used for pulling the excavation expansion and tunneling apparatus to perform reverse excavation expansion, and each time excavation expansion of the length of one sleeve (4) is completed during excavation expansion, the rearmost sleeve (4) is removed until the pilot tunnel is formed by means of the excavation expansion. The inclined shaft construction system is configured to implement the inclined shaft construction method. Forward and reverse tunneling by the excavation expansion and tunneling apparatus is achieved with sleeve advancement and retreating, and two sets of independent tunneling apparatus systems do not need to be arranged, such that the cost is low, the sleeves can also be recycled, and can also used for other tunnelling projects with the same diameters.

Description

Inclined shaft construction method and inclined shaft construction system Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and in particular relates to an inclined shaft construction method and an inclined shaft construction system. Background Art

[0002] Inclined shaft tunnels are widely used in engineering fields such as pumped storage and mining. Traditionally, inclined shaft construction still involves first excavating a pilot tunnel with a raise boring rig, followed by blasting to expand the tunnel to the desired diameter. However, tunnels created by blasting often suffer from poor quality and precision, and also pose significant safety risks.

[0003] The applicant's invention patent with authorization announcement number CN112343609B provides a pilot tunnel expansion TBM, which includes traditional TBM main body structures such as support shoes, main drive, and propulsion system. A cylindrical hollow channel is also set on the cutter head. The hollow channel corresponds to the already formed pilot tunnel and can play a certain supporting and guiding role, thereby improving the quality and stability of inclined shaft expansion and forming.

[0004] However, when mechanical methods such as the TBM mentioned above are used for construction, the pilot tunnel construction and the hole expansion construction are independent of each other, requiring two completely independent sets of construction equipment, and the actual investment cost is relatively high.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a method for constructing an inclined shaft to address the high cost of inclined shaft tunnel construction caused by the requirement of two completely independent sets of construction equipment for inclined shaft pilot tunnel construction and expansion excavation construction. The present invention also aims to provide a system for constructing an inclined shaft to address the same technical issues as those mentioned above.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the inclined shaft construction method provided by the present invention is:

[0008] A method for constructing an inclined shaft comprises the following steps: when excavating a pilot tunnel, as the pilot tunnel boring equipment excavates forward, a plurality of sleeves are sequentially connected to the rear side of the pilot tunnel boring equipment until the pilot tunnel excavation reaches the designed pilot tunnel distance; the pilot tunnel boring equipment is then removed, an expansion excavation equipment is installed, and the expansion excavation equipment is directly or indirectly connected to the frontmost sleeve; a push-pull cylinder is then arranged at the starting position, or a push-pull cylinder pre-arranged at the starting position is used to connect the push-pull cylinder to the rearmost sleeve; the expansion excavation equipment is pulled in the reverse direction by the push-pull cylinder; and after each expansion of a sleeve distance during the expansion process, the rearmost sleeve is removed, and the above operation is repeated until the expansion reaches the designed distance.

[0009] The beneficial effect is that the present invention pioneers a method for constructing an inclined shaft that is guided first and then pulled. In the process of excavating the pilot tunnel, as the pilot tunnel is continuously excavated, the sleeve is also continuously extended, which can ensure the stability of the pilot tunnel during excavation. After the pilot tunnel excavation is completed, the sleeve is retained, and only the excavation equipment needs to be replaced. When the excavation stroke of a push-pull cylinder is expanded, the last sleeve is removed in a step-by-step manner. The sleeve at this time is equivalent to the force transmission component that pulls the excavation equipment to expand, and at the same time, it can also play a role in guiding the excavation equipment, which can ensure the accuracy of the inclined shaft expansion construction. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention cleverly uses the process of the sleeve's advance and retreat to realize the forward and reverse excavation of the excavation equipment. It does not require the configuration of two independent excavation equipment systems, and the cost is low. Moreover, the sleeve can be recycled and can be used for other tunnel projects with the same diameter.

[0010] As a further improvement, the push-pull cylinder is arranged in the starting position in advance. When excavating the pilot tunnel, the push-pull cylinder pushes all the sleeves to realize forward excavation. Every time a sleeve is excavated, the push-pull cylinder is retracted and the next sleeve is connected.

[0011] The beneficial effect is that the push-pull cylinder can now provide propulsion for the sleeve to extend forward, achieving dual-purposes with one cylinder. This eliminates the need for a large power source for pulling the sleeve in the pilot tunneling equipment, reducing the overall cost of the pilot tunneling equipment. Furthermore, when working with pipe jacking equipment to advance the pilot tunnel, the push-pull cylinder also provides propulsion for the pilot tunneling equipment.

[0012] As a further improvement, a supporting device is connected between the pilot tunnel excavation equipment and the frontmost sleeve. When excavating the pilot tunnel, the supporting device holds the pilot tunnel wall tightly to keep the sleeve in a certain position. When the expansion excavation equipment is installed after the pilot tunnel excavation equipment is removed, the expansion excavation equipment is connected to the supporting device, thereby realizing an indirect connection with the frontmost sleeve.

[0013] The beneficial effect is that the support device can support and stabilize the sleeve during pilot tunneling, further improving stability when the sleeves are gradually connected. Moreover, the support device does not need to be disassembled and can still be used to stabilize the sleeve during expansion and excavation, which also has universal application.

[0014] As a further improvement, when the sleeve moves relative to the guide hole, the friction-reducing liquid is injected into the space between the sleeve and the guide hole through a friction-reducing liquid injection channel provided on the sleeve.

[0015] The beneficial effect is that the friction resistance between the sleeve and the guide hole is reduced, and the sleeve is facilitated to move relative to the guide hole.

[0016] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the inclined shaft construction system provided by the present invention is:

[0017] An inclined shaft construction system includes a pilot tunneling device, an expansion tunneling device, a basic platform, a plurality of sleeves that can be excavated with the pilot tunneling device and can be connected in sequence front and back, and a holding device for stabilizing the sleeves and maintaining them in a certain position. The basic platform is equipped with a push-pull cylinder, which can be connected to the rearmost sleeve. The frontmost sleeve or the related equipment installed on the sleeve is provided with an excavation equipment installation position for installing the expansion tunneling device. After the expansion tunneling device is installed, the push-pull cylinder can pull the expansion tunneling device in the reverse direction for expansion through the sleeve.

[0018] The beneficial effect is that the present invention provides a pioneering construction system that can realize the construction of an inclined shaft with a pilot tunnel and then a pull-back mechanism. During construction, the pilot tunnel excavation equipment first excavates the pilot tunnel, and the sleeve continuously extends forward. After the pilot tunnel excavation is completed, the excavation equipment is installed at the excavation equipment installation position, and the push-pull cylinder pulls the sleeve and the excavation equipment back in the opposite direction. Each time a sleeve is pulled, the device stabilizes the position of the sleeve and the construction system as a whole, and the sleeve at the rear end is removed, thereby realizing the expansion of the pilot tunnel until the inclined shaft is formed. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention cleverly utilizes the process of the sleeve's advance and retreat to realize the forward and reverse excavation of the excavation equipment. It does not require the configuration of two independent excavation equipment systems, and the cost is low. In addition, the sleeve can be recycled and can also be used for other tunnel projects with the same diameter.

[0019] As a further improvement, the retaining device is a supporting device connected between the front end sleeve and the pilot tunnel excavation equipment when excavating the pilot tunnel. The supporting device is provided with a detachable connecting structure for connecting to the pilot tunnel excavation equipment. The supporting device includes a supporting device body and a supporting shoe provided on the supporting device body for tightening the pilot tunnel wall.

[0020] The beneficial effect is that the support device can support and stabilize the sleeve during pilot tunneling, further improving stability when the sleeves are gradually connected. Moreover, the support device does not need to be disassembled and can still be used to stabilize the sleeve during expansion and excavation, which also has universal application.

[0021] As a further improvement, the sleeve is provided with an injection channel for injecting the friction-reducing fluid outward.

[0022] The beneficial effect is that during the process of excavating or expanding the pilot tunnel, friction-reducing slurry can be injected between the sleeve and the pilot tunnel to reduce the friction between the pilot tunnel and the sleeve.

[0023] As a further improvement, the reaming and excavating equipment includes a rotary drive device and a rock breaking mechanism connected to the rotary drive device.

[0024] The beneficial effect is that the cost of using a rotary mechanical rock breaking solution is relatively low.

[0025] As a further improvement, the rock breaking mechanism is a conical cutter head.

[0026] The beneficial effect is that the conical cutter head has a certain guiding effect for expanding the pilot tunnel and has a higher efficiency.

[0027] As a further improvement, the rock breaking mechanism is a variable diameter excavation mechanism.

[0028] The beneficial effect is that the excavation equipment can adapt to the excavation of inclined shafts of different diameters, thereby improving the versatility of the inclined shaft construction system for different engineering projects.

[0029] As a further improvement, the variable diameter and excavation mechanism includes a cutting and rock breaking mechanism swingably mounted on a rotary drive device, and a swinging cylinder for driving the cutting and rock breaking mechanism to swing is provided between the cutting and rock breaking mechanism and the rotary drive device. The variable diameter and excavation mechanism also includes a pushing cylinder for driving the cutting and rock breaking mechanism to squeeze and break the rock.

[0030] The beneficial effect is that the diameter of the variable diameter excavation can be controlled by controlling the swing range of the cutting and rock breaking mechanism, and the cost is low. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a certain embodiment of the inclined shaft construction system of the present invention during excavation of a pilot tunnel;

[0032] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a certain embodiment of the inclined shaft construction system of the present invention when the inclined shaft is being expanded;

[0033] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of the support shield in FIG1 ;

[0034] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of the sleeve in FIG1 ;

[0035] FIG5 is a side view of the sleeve in FIG4 ;

[0036] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the inclined shaft construction system of the present invention when the inclined shaft is being expanded;

[0037] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a certain embodiment of the cutting and rock breaking mechanism of the present invention.

[0038] Description of reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Pilot tunneling equipment; 2. Foundation gantry; 3. Support shield; 4. Sleeve; 5. Rotary drive unit; 6. Excavation cutterhead; 7. Main beam; 8. Swing cylinder; 201. Fixed frame; 202. Push-pull cylinder; 203. Foundation; 301. Fixed body; 302. Support shoe cylinder; 303. Support shoe; 304. Connecting piece; 305. Fixed body slag discharge channel; 401. Friction-reducing injection channel; 402. Connecting ear plate; 403. Connecting pin; 404. Sleeve slag discharge channel; 601. Cutting head; 602. Connecting arm; 603. Cutting head drive unit; 604. Cutting teeth; 701. Push cylinder; 901. Wheel cutterhead; 902. Mounting arm; 903. Wheel cutterhead drive unit; 904. Cutting tool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the examples.

[0041] In order to solve the problem of high cost caused by the need for two independent equipment in the existing inclined shaft excavation construction of first pilot and then expansion, the basic technical concept of the present invention is to design a method for constructing an inclined shaft with first pilot and then pull. First, when excavating the pilot tunnel, as the pilot tunnel boring equipment continues to excavate forward (the pilot tunnel excavation direction is defined as forward), sleeves are continuously connected in sequence on the rear side of the rear pilot tunnel boring equipment until the designed distance is reached. Then the pilot tunnel boring equipment is removed, and the expansion excavation equipment is installed on the sleeve or other equipment connected to the sleeve. Finally, a push-pull cylinder pre-installed at the starting position of the pilot tunnel is used, or a push-pull cylinder is installed at the starting position after the pilot tunnel excavation is completed to pull back the sleeve to provide a counter-pulling force for the reverse excavation of the expansion excavation equipment. After completing a push-pull cylinder stroke, the last sleeve is removed, and this step is repeated until the inclined shaft is expanded and excavated.

[0042] When excavating the pilot tunnel, an existing raise boring rig can be used. In this case, a connecting rod can be installed at the center of the drill pipe of the raise boring rig's cutterhead to pull the sleeve forward. Alternatively, a small TBM can be used to excavate the pilot tunnel forward, and a sleeve can be connected to the rear of the TBM to pull the sleeve forward. Of course, a pipe jacking machine can also be used. When configuring the pipe jacking machine, the push and pull cylinders can also transmit propulsion force to the pipe jacking machine through the sleeve.

[0043] The inclined shaft construction method and the inclined shaft construction system of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Specific embodiment 1 of the inclined shaft construction method provided by the present invention:

[0045] Taking an inclined shaft excavated from below to above as an example, the construction process of this embodiment can be referred to Figures 1 and 2. The inclined shaft construction system mainly includes a pilot tunnel excavation device 1, an expansion excavation device, a base frame 2, and several sleeves 4. The base frame 2 includes a fixed frame 201, on which a push-pull cylinder 202 is installed. The fixed frame 201 can also be fixed to the starting position by a foundation 203. The push-pull cylinder 202 can connect to the sleeve 4 at the rear end. The sleeves 4 can be connected in sequence front and back in the axial direction, and the specific number is set according to the distance required by the project. In order to achieve the front and back extension connection of the sleeves 4, the sleeves 4 should be provided with a connection structure that can be connected to another sleeve 4. For the overall structure, the sleeves 4 at the front and rear ends only need to be provided at one end. For the sleeves 4 set in the middle of the two ends, the front and rear ends of the sleeves 4 need to be provided with a connection structure that can be connected to another sleeve 4. In addition, the inclined shaft construction system also includes a retaining device that can hold the sleeves 4 in a certain position to prevent the sleeves 4 from retreating. In this way, when the sleeve 4 is disassembled in a step-by-step manner, the overall stability of the inclined shaft excavation equipment can be achieved.

[0046] In order to enable the sleeve 4 to drive the guide tunnel excavation and expansion and forming, a tunneling equipment installation position capable of installing the expansion and excavation equipment should be set on the sleeve 4 farthest from the push-pull cylinder 202 (the sleeve 4 at the front end) or the related equipment connected to the sleeve 4, so as to play the role of transmitting the reverse expansion and excavation pulling force.

[0047] The push-pull cylinder 202 can be installed at the starting position when reverse excavation is required. In this case, the extension installation of the sleeve 4 can be completely achieved by the pilot tunneling equipment 1. The sleeve 4 is pulled by the pilot tunneling equipment 1, and the push-pull cylinder 202 only serves to pull the excavation equipment in the reverse direction. Of course, the basic platform 2 can also be pre-installed at the starting position before the pilot tunneling. In this case, the push-pull cylinder can also play the role of pushing the sleeve 4 forward, which can simplify the structure of part of the pilot tunneling equipment and achieve multiple uses of one cylinder. The push-pull cylinder can also play the role of pushing the entire pilot tunneling equipment forward. During the pilot tunneling, the push-pull cylinder 202 can be directly connected to the sleeve at the rear end; it can also be disconnected. In this case, a detachable shoe plate can be provided to transmit the thrust to the sleeve 4.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the retaining device comprises a support device connected to the frontmost sleeve 4. This support device is equipped with a connection structure capable of connecting to the pilot tunneling apparatus 1. The support device comprises a support device body and grippers mounted on the base of the support device body for holding the pilot tunnel wall. Specifically, the support device may be a support shield 3 or a Kai-style gripper. Therefore, during actual pilot tunneling, the grippers of the support shield 3 can hold the pilot tunnel wall firmly in place, maintaining the sleeve at its rear end in a defined position and stabilizing the sleeve. This also prevents the pilot tunneling apparatus 1 from accidentally sliding during upward tunneling. After pilot tunneling is completed, the pilot tunneling apparatus 1 need only be removed and the expansion tunneling apparatus connected to the support shield 3. This means that the support shield 3 can retain the sleeve 4 during both pilot tunneling and reverse expansion tunneling, thus offering good versatility.

[0049] The support shield 3 in this embodiment, as shown in FIG3 , comprises a circumferentially closed fixed body 301 and grippers. The grippers are mounted on the fixed body 301 and specifically comprise gripper cylinders 302 and grippers 303. The grippers 303 penetrate the fixed body 301 to grip the pilot tunnel wall and are connected to the sleeve 4 via connectors 304 to maintain a stable state between the sleeve 4 and the pilot tunneling apparatus 1 during shifting. The connectors 304 can take various forms, such as hooks, pins, bolts, and the like.

[0050] Taking the installation of the push-pull cylinder 202 in advance at the starting position and the configuration of the pipe jacking machine host as the pilot tunnel excavation equipment as an example, this embodiment mainly includes the following processes during excavation:

[0051] ① Complete the installation and connection of the foundation rig 2, support shield 3, sleeve 4 and pilot tunneling equipment 1 at the starting position;

[0052] ② The support shield 3 is released from the supporting state, and the push-pull cylinder 202 pushes the sleeve 4 and the pilot tunneling device 1 together to excavate the pilot tunnel forward, completing the excavation of a sleeve 4 length stroke;

[0053] ③ The support shield 3 returns to the supporting state, the sleeve 4 is kept in a fixed position, the push-pull cylinder 202 retracts a stroke distance, the next sleeve 4 is installed and connected, and the excavation of the next stroke is completed. The process is repeated to complete the excavation of the pilot tunnel;

[0054] ④ After the pilot tunnel excavation is completed, the pilot tunnel excavation equipment 1 is removed and the expansion excavation equipment is installed. Please refer to Figure 2. During the expansion excavation process, the push-pull cylinder 202 is connected to the sleeve 4 at the rear end and pulled back. The support shield 3 also alternates and supports, and the sleeve 4 at the rear end is repeatedly removed alternately until the inclined shaft is formed.

[0055] Through the analysis of the above structure and process, it can be seen that the basic platform 2, support shield 3, and sleeve 4 in this embodiment are universal in the pilot tunnel excavation and expansion forming process. It is only necessary to set up different tunneling equipment hosts accordingly, which reduces the cost. Moreover, the sleeve 4 can still be recycled. The overall cost is low and has good promotion prospects.

[0056] Specific Example 2 of the inclined shaft construction method provided by the present invention: The purpose of this example is to provide a specific implementation method that does not require the pre-arrangement of a push-pull cylinder 202. Taking the pilot tunneling equipment 1 as a raise boring machine, for example, the raise boring machine is capable of autonomously advancing upward in an upward direction. In this case, a connecting structure capable of connecting to a sleeve can be configured on the cutterhead of the raise boring machine. For example, a non-rotating connecting rod can be configured at the center of the raise boring machine. The diameter of the connecting rod can be no larger than the diameter of the raise boring machine drill pipe. A connecting structure is provided on the connecting rod to connect to the sleeve 4 or a support device to pull the sleeve 4 forward.

[0057] At this time, during the actual construction, the sleeve 4 extends forward and the excavation is entirely dependent on the pilot tunneling equipment 1. After the pilot tunneling is completed, the pilot tunneling equipment 1 is removed, the push-pull cylinder 202 is installed, and the excavation equipment is installed to perform reverse excavation. The specific reverse excavation process can be the same as in Example 1.

[0058] Specific Example 3 of the inclined shaft construction method provided by the present invention: The purpose of this example is to provide an implementation method for directly connecting the excavation and dredging equipment to the sleeve 4 by utilizing other structures to maintain the position of the sleeve. In this example, a retaining hole can be provided on the sleeve, and a retaining pin or retaining hook can be provided on the fixed frame of the base frame. The retaining pin or retaining hook cooperates with the retaining hole provided on the sleeve to similarly support the sleeve.

[0059] Specifically, during pilot tunneling, a stop pin or hook can be inserted into the stop hole of the last sleeve 4 each time a sleeve 4 is advanced forward. The last sleeve 4 is then connected to the next sleeve, and the stop pin or hook can be removed before the next stroke of tunneling. During reverse excavation, a stop pin or hook can be inserted into the stop hole of the penultimate sleeve 4 each time a sleeve 4 is advanced in the reverse direction. The last sleeve 4 is then removed, and the stop pin or hook can be removed before the next stroke of tunneling. In this case, the excavation equipment can be directly connected to the sleeve 4.

[0060] Specific embodiment 4 of the inclined shaft construction method provided by the present invention: Based on any one of embodiments 1-3, considering that the friction between the sleeve 4 and the guide tunnel may increase power consumption significantly during long-distance excavation, in this embodiment, when the sleeve moves relative to the guide tunnel, friction-reducing slurry, such as grease, muddy water and other liquids, can be injected through the friction-reducing injection channel 401 provided on the sleeve. The movement of the sleeve 4 relative to the guide tunnel emphasized here includes two processes: guide tunnel excavation and reverse excavation. In actual use, friction-reducing slurry can be injected in either or both processes as needed. Of course, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that for guide tunnel excavation with a certain amount of over-excavation, the diameter of the guide tunnel is slightly larger than the diameter of the sleeve. At this time, under short-distance excavation, even if friction-reducing slurry is not injected, it is not impossible to achieve movement of the sleeve 4 relative to the guide tunnel.

[0061] Specific embodiment 1 of the inclined shaft construction system of the present invention:

[0062] The inclined shaft construction system provided in this embodiment can realize the inclined shaft construction method of leading first and pulling later, and mainly includes a guide tunnel excavation equipment 1, an expansion excavation equipment, a basic platform 2 and a number of sleeves 4. The basic platform 2 includes a fixed frame 201, and a push-pull cylinder 202 is installed on the fixed frame 201, and the fixed frame 201 can also be fixed at the starting position through the foundation 203. The push-pull cylinder 202 can connect the sleeve 4 at the rear end. The sleeve 4 can be connected in sequence front and back in the axial direction, and the specific number is set according to the distance required by the project. In order to realize the front and rear extension connection of the sleeve 4, the sleeve 4 should be provided with a connection structure that can be connected to another sleeve 4. For the whole, the sleeve 4 at the front and rear ends only needs to be set at one end. For the sleeve 4 set in the middle of the two ends, the front and rear ends of the sleeve 4 need to be provided with a connection structure connected to another sleeve 4. In addition, the inclined shaft construction system also includes a holding device, which can hold the sleeve 4 in a certain position to prevent the sleeve 4 from retreating. In this way, when the sleeve 4 is disassembled in a step-by-step manner, the overall stability of the inclined shaft excavation equipment can be achieved.

[0063] In order to enable the sleeve 4 to drive the guide tunnel excavation and expansion and forming, a tunneling equipment installation position capable of installing the expansion and excavation equipment should be set on the sleeve 4 farthest from the push-pull cylinder 202 (the sleeve 4 at the front end) or the related equipment connected to the sleeve 4, so as to play the role of transmitting the reverse expansion and excavation pulling force.

[0064] In addition, this embodiment is also provided with a support device having the same position as that in the above-mentioned inclined shaft construction method embodiment 1, and the support device plays the role of maintaining the position of the sleeve, that is, the holding device is formed by the support device.

[0065] The specific construction process can be consistent with the process in the above-mentioned inclined shaft construction method and will not be described in detail.

[0066] Regarding the excavation equipment, a rotary mechanical rock breaking method, as shown in Figure 2, can be used. This method includes a rotary drive 5 and a rock breaking mechanism connected to the rotary drive 5, such as an excavation cutterhead 6. To improve excavation efficiency and guidance accuracy, the excavation cutterhead 6 can be a conical cutterhead. Of course, a circular cutterhead is also a viable option.

[0067] In order to achieve rapid installation of the excavation equipment and reserve the excavation volume, this embodiment further includes a main beam 7, one end of which can be connected to the support shield 3 to achieve installation of the excavation equipment.

[0068] Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of slag removal during this oblique upward construction, the fixed body 301 in this embodiment is further provided with a fixed body slag discharge channel 305 at its lower portion. Excavated and expanded excavated soil can flow downward through the fixed body slag discharge channel 305, achieving efficient slag removal while minimizing costs. Of course, in other embodiments, even if the fixed body slag discharge channel 305 is not provided at the lower portion of the fixed body 301, slag discharge is not impossible. The provision of equipment such as a multi-stage belt conveyor or bolt conveyor is also a feasible slag removal solution. Correspondingly, in this embodiment, a sleeve slag discharge channel 404 is provided on the sleeve 4.

[0069] In addition, in actual application, considering that there will be sliding friction between the sleeve 4 and the guide hole, this embodiment is targeted at the specific structure of the sleeve 4. Please refer to Figure 4. A friction-reducing injection channel 401 is provided in the sleeve 4, and friction-reducing slurry can be injected between the sleeve 4 and the guide hole through the friction-reducing injection channel 401 to reduce friction.

[0070] In addition, to ensure the sequential connection of the front and rear sleeves 4, this embodiment provides a pin-and-lug connection solution, as shown in Figures 4 and 5 , including connecting lugs 402. When the connecting lugs 402 of two adjacent sleeves 4 are aligned, a connecting pin 403 can be inserted to achieve a stable connection. In other embodiments, hooks or bolts can also be used for connection. This is a technical solution that is understandable to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail.

[0071] The specific embodiment 2 of the inclined shaft construction system provided by the present invention differs from the embodiment 1 mainly in that, according to the requirements of different tunnel construction projects, individual inclined shafts need to be excavated with different diameters in different sections. In the inclined shaft construction system used in this embodiment, the excavation equipment is equipped with a variable diameter rock breaking mechanism on the rotary drive device 5. As an implementation scheme of the variable diameter rock breaking mechanism, as shown in FIG6 , it can be a cutting rock breaking mechanism, which can be swingably mounted on the rotary drive device 5, and a swinging cylinder 8 is provided between the rotary drive device 5 and the cutting rock breaking mechanism to drive the cutting rock breaking mechanism to swing. At this time, it is necessary to configure a pushing cylinder to drive the cutting rock breaking mechanism to push and break the rock. Specifically, this embodiment is equipped with a telescopic main beam 7, and the pushing cylinder 701 pushes the main beam 7 to extend and retract to achieve cutting and pushing rock breaking. Of course, in other embodiments, the pushing cylinder can also be provided in other parts, such as a connecting arm, which can also transmit the pushing force to achieve rock breaking.

[0072] The cutting and breaking mechanism can be shown in Figure 6, including a cutting head 601, a connecting arm 602, a cutting head drive 603, and picks mounted on the cutting head 601. Its specific operating principle is similar to that of a cantilever roadheader and will not be described in detail. The cutting head 601 in the cutting and breaking mechanism can also be replaced with a wheeled cutterhead structure as shown in Figure 7. Specifically, the wheeled cutterhead structure includes a wheeled cutterhead 901, a mounting arm 902, a wheeled cutterhead drive 903, and cutters 904 mounted on the wheeled cutterhead 901. Its specific operating principle is also conventional and will not be described in detail.

[0073] In fact, in order to achieve variable diameter excavation, there is not only the cutting and rock breaking mechanism, but also a variable diameter cutterhead. For example, on the basis of the excavation cutterhead 6 as shown in Figure 2, a variable diameter cutter that can swing relative to the center line of the cutterhead rotation is set, which can also achieve variable diameter excavation.

[0074] Specific embodiment 3 of the inclined shaft construction system provided by the present invention: This embodiment provides an excavation and tunneling equipment that uses non-mechanical rock breaking. At this time, the excavation and tunneling equipment may not include a rotary drive device 5, but instead uses supercritical carbon dioxide, hydraulic jet, laser rock breaking and other solutions to break the rock, which can also achieve the expansion of the guide tunnel.

[0075] Specific embodiment 4 of the inclined shaft construction system provided by the present invention: This embodiment provides another form of retaining device. Specifically, the retaining device may include a retaining pin or retaining hook provided on the base frame. In this case, a retaining hole may be provided on the sleeve, and the retaining pin or retaining hook may be inserted into the retaining hole to prevent retreat, thereby also achieving a retaining effect.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments without inventive effort, or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an inclined shaft, characterized in that: When excavating a pilot tunnel, as the pilot tunnel boring equipment excavates forward, multiple sleeves are connected in sequence on the rear side of the pilot tunnel boring equipment until the pilot tunnel excavation reaches the required design distance. The pilot tunnel boring equipment is then removed, and the excavation expansion equipment is installed and connected directly or indirectly to the frontmost sleeve. Push-pull cylinders are then arranged at the starting position or the push-pull cylinders arranged in advance at the starting position are used to connect them to the sleeve at the rear end. The excavation expansion equipment is pulled in reverse by the push-pull cylinders to expand the excavation. After each sleeve is expanded during the excavation process, the sleeve at the rear end is removed and the above operation is repeated until the excavation reaches the required design distance.

2. The inclined shaft construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The push-pull cylinder is arranged at the starting position in advance. When excavating the pilot tunnel, the push-pull cylinder pushes all the sleeves to realize forward excavation. After each sleeve is excavated, the push-pull cylinder is retracted and switched to connect the next sleeve.

3. The inclined shaft construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A supporting device is connected between the pilot tunneling equipment and the frontmost sleeve. When excavating the pilot tunnel, the supporting device holds the pilot tunnel wall tightly to keep the sleeve in a certain position. When installing the excavation equipment after removing the pilot tunneling equipment, the excavation equipment is connected to the supporting device, thereby achieving indirect connection with the frontmost sleeve.

4. The inclined shaft construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: When the sleeve moves relative to the guide hole, the friction-reducing liquid is injected into the space between the sleeve and the guide hole through the friction-reducing liquid injection channel provided on the sleeve.

5. An inclined shaft construction system, characterized in that: It includes a guide tunneling equipment, an expansion tunneling equipment, a basic frame, a number of sleeves that can be excavated with the guide tunneling equipment and can be connected in sequence front and back, and a holding device for stabilizing the sleeves and keeping them in a certain position. The basic frame is equipped with a push-pull cylinder, which can be connected to the rearmost sleeve. The frontmost sleeve or the related equipment installed on the sleeve is provided with an excavation equipment installation position for installing the expansion tunneling equipment. After the expansion tunneling equipment is installed, the push-pull cylinder can pull the expansion tunneling equipment through the sleeve to expand the tunnel in the opposite direction.

6. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The retaining device is a supporting device connected between the frontmost sleeve and the guide tunnel boring equipment when excavating the guide tunnel. The supporting device is provided with a detachable connecting structure for connecting with the guide tunnel boring equipment. The supporting device includes a supporting device body and a support shoe arranged on the supporting device body for tightening the guide tunnel wall.

7. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The sleeve is provided with a liquid injection channel for injecting the friction-reducing liquid outward.

8. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The excavation equipment comprises a rotary drive device and a rock breaking mechanism connected to the rotary drive device.

9. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rock breaking mechanism is a conical cutter disc.

10. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rock breaking mechanism is a variable diameter excavation mechanism.

11. The inclined shaft construction system according to claim 10, characterized in that: The variable diameter excavation mechanism includes a cutting and rock breaking mechanism swingably mounted on a rotary drive device, a swinging cylinder for driving the cutting and rock breaking mechanism to swing is provided between the cutting and rock breaking mechanism and the rotary drive device, and the variable diameter excavation mechanism also includes a pushing cylinder for driving the cutting and rock breaking mechanism to squeeze and break rocks.

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