A heavy-load continuously variable transmission and implementation method

Abstract

The present invention is composed of an epicyclic continuously variable transmission, a worm gear speed control and state automatic control system, which fully utilizes the unique mechanical characteristics of the epicyclic gear system and the worm gear in the reverse transmission state. The transmission and speed change are all completed by gears, and the transmission capacity has been greatly improved. The control power is very small, which improves efficiency and reduces energy consumption. The new technology has a simple structure and has the typical characteristics of universal and practical machinery. It is not only suitable for ordinary vehicles and machinery, but also a new continuously variable transmission suitable for heavy equipment such as large and heavy vehicles and large machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a gear continuously variable transmission device, belonging to the technical field of continuously variable transmissions. Background Art

[0002] At present, the transmissions used in large and heavy vehicles are still gearboxes that require gear shifting. Large mechanical equipment such as mining belt conveyors use devices composed of hydraulics, viscous liquids, wet friction brakes, multi-stage gear reducers, etc. to achieve the purpose of soft starting, acceleration, and deceleration. They are large and heavy and very uneconomical.

[0003] Continuously variable transmissions can make the start of vehicles and equipment smoother and more stable, accelerate and decelerate faster, more efficient, and more advanced in technology. However, existing continuously variable transmissions are not suitable for large vehicles and equipment because they cannot transmit sufficiently large torque.

[0004] Compared with hydraulic and electric continuously variable transmissions, mechanical continuously variable transmissions have greater versatility.

[0005] Usually, the continuously variable transmission is connected in series between the power and the load. The transmission itself, especially the speed-changing components inside the transmission, must have a large enough load-bearing capacity to modulate the rotation speed of the power and transmit a large enough torque.

[0006] In order to transmit high-power torque, sufficient mechanical energy, hydraulic force or electromagnetic force must be provided, which is technically difficult to implement and difficult to achieve. Structural limitations have led to the permissible torque and other indicators of known technologies being far lower than the applicable requirements of large vehicles and mechanical equipment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical heavy-duty continuously variable transmission with high power torque transmission capability, low power continuously variable speed control, simple structure and strong versatility for large heavy vehicles and large machinery. In order to achieve this purpose, a new structural design and implementation method are adopted.

[0008] The new technical solutions include:

[0009] A heavy-load continuously variable transmission comprises a machine base, a gear train 1, a gear train 2, a worm wheel, a worm, a group of connecting gears, a coupling clutch and an output shaft; the characteristics are as follows: the gear train 1 and the gear train 2 both comprise two center wheels, a planetary carrier and a planetary gear; the two center wheels of the gear train 1 are respectively a control end center wheel and an output end center wheel; the control end center wheel is fixedly connected to the worm wheel, and the worm is installed on the machine base; the output end center wheel is coaxially fixedly connected to a center wheel in the gear train 2; in the gear train 2, the center wheel, the planetary carrier and the other center wheel are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the planetary gears are connected; the group of connecting gears comprises a cylindrical gear, an intersecting axis gear, a secondary worm and a secondary worm wheel, which are connected in sequence; the cylindrical gear, the intersecting axis gear and the secondary worm are installed on the planetary carrier of the gear train 1, and the cylindrical gear is meshed with the planetary gear of the gear train 1; the secondary worm wheel is coaxially fixedly connected to the planetary carrier of the gear train 2; the connection between each center wheel in the gear train 2 and the output shaft uses a coupling clutch.

[0010] In the gear train 1, the worm gear mechanism, the power is input from the planet carrier and output from the output end center wheel; the worm is the transmission ratio control end of the transmission, and the control signal is provided by the control device. The external torque causes the worm gear to reverse the transmission, and the worm gear is self-locking when the driven worm is stationary; the control worm can control the rotation speed of the worm gear. When the worm gear rotates, the control end center wheel rotates with the worm gear, and under the joint action of the planet carrier and the planetary gear, a differential output is obtained on the output end center wheel.

[0011] The control signal is input from the worm, and the central wheel at the control end performs the speed change operation. The torque on the wheel is isolated by the worm, and the impact on the control device is minimal. The worm gear and the machine base in the reverse transmission state bear all the forces, creating conditions for the transmission of high-power torque.

[0012] When the worm gear is in reverse transmission, controlling the worm and thus the rotation speed of the worm wheel does not require a lot of power, and it can be done by overcoming the self-locking friction.

[0013] The control device may be a low-power continuously variable speed motor, a mechanical transmission or other continuously variable speed devices.

[0014] The mechanical negative feedback automatic control system composed of the gear train 2, a group of connecting gears, a coupling clutch, and an output shaft automatically connects or reverses when driving the load or being pulled by the load; the mechanical feedback linked to the load state fixes the direction of the external torque on the planetary gear, thereby ensuring that the reverse transmission state of the worm gear remains unchanged; it not only realizes the gear transmission of high-power power, but also makes the power required by the control end always stable within a small range, achieving the purpose of high-power variable speed transmission and low-power control.

[0015] The planet carrier of gear train 2 is coaxially fixedly connected with the auxiliary worm gear and is driven by the planet carrier and planetary gear of gear train 1.

[0016] The center wheel at the output end of gear train 1 and the planet carrier of gear train 2 rotate synchronously in the same direction.

[0017] The coupling clutch is composed of two axially arranged shaft sleeves, which are fixedly connected to the center wheel and the output shaft respectively; there are axial teeth and grooves between the shaft sleeves, which are interlocked; the teeth are narrow and the grooves are wide, and can be rotated to engage or disengage.

[0018] The coupling clutch can also be composed of an inner ring and an outer ring, wherein there are mutually meshing keys and grooves between the inner ring and the outer ring, the key is narrower than the groove, and the inner ring can be rotated to engage or disengage; the outer ring is coaxially fixedly connected to the center wheel, and the inner ring is fixedly connected to the output shaft. Both the outer ring and the inner ring can be directly formed on the center wheel or the output shaft.

[0019] The two sleeves fixedly connected to the output shaft can be constructed as one component; the sleeves fixedly connected to the two center wheels respectively cannot be meshed and connected with the sleeves on the output shaft at the same time in the assembly position.

[0020] The output shaft can only be connected to one of the two center wheels; when it lags, it is connected to one center wheel, and when it leads, it is disengaged and connected to the other center wheel.

[0021] The set of connecting gears, wherein the intersecting axis gears, the auxiliary worm gear and the auxiliary worm gear can be replaced by cylindrical gears.

[0022] A method for implementing a heavy-duty continuously variable transmission, comprising at least:

[0023] A gear transmission, gear speed change and speed control mechanism consisting of a set of epicyclic wheels combined with worm gears;

[0024] Automatic control system for worm gear transmission status;

[0025] The automatic control system comprises: comparison benchmark, comparison, connection, switching and other functional components synchronized with the output speed.

[0026] The automatic control system can also be a comparison, connection and switching device for electrical and hydraulic control.

[0027] The epicyclic gear train has the characteristics of gear transmission and gear speed change. In the reverse transmission state, the driven worm does not need a lot of power to control the rotation speed of the worm wheel, otherwise it is necessary to have a sufficiently large power to modulate the rotation speed of the high-power torque. The method of configuring a worm controller and a worm transmission state automatic control system for an epicyclic gear continuously variable transmission enables the mechanical continuously variable transmission to have the characteristics of gear transmission, gear continuously variable speed change, and low-power control, and no longer requires high-power energy support, thereby realizing the heavy-load transmission of the continuously variable transmission.

[0028] The beneficial effect achieved by the present invention is that, by making full use of the epicyclic gear train and the unique mechanical characteristics of the worm gear in the reverse transmission state, the transmission and speed change can be completed entirely by the gears, and the transmission capacity has been greatly improved. The control power is very small, the efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced. The new technology has a simple structure and has the typical characteristics of universal and practical machinery. It is not only suitable for ordinary vehicles and machinery, but also a new heavy-duty continuously variable transmission suitable for heavy equipment such as large heavy vehicles and large machinery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 : Structural diagram of heavy-duty continuously variable transmission;

[0030] In the figure: 1. worm; 2. worm wheel; 3. control end center wheel; 4. planetary carrier; 5. planetary gear; 6. output end center wheel; 7. cylindrical gear; 8. intersecting shaft gear; 9. intersecting shaft gear; 10. auxiliary worm; 11. auxiliary worm wheel; 12. center wheel; 13. planetary gear of gear train 2; 14. center wheel; 15. planetary carrier of gear train 2; 16. coupling clutch; 17. coupling clutch; 18. output shaft.

[0031] Figure 2 : Schematic diagram of coupling clutch, in the figure:

[0032] 21. The shaft sleeve of the coupling clutch 16 is fixedly connected to the center wheel 12; 22. Another shaft sleeve of the coupling clutch 16 is fixedly connected to the output shaft;

[0033] 23. The shaft sleeve of the coupling clutch 17 is fixedly connected to the central wheel 14; 24. The other shaft sleeve of the coupling clutch 17 is fixedly connected to the output shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] Specific implementation method Figure 1 shown.

[0035] The worm gear 2 and the control end center wheel 3 are coaxially fixedly connected. The output end center wheel 6 and the center wheel 12 are coaxially fixedly connected. The planetary gear 5 and the cylindrical gear 7 are meshed and driven; the cylindrical gear 7, the intersecting shaft gear 8, the intersecting shaft gear 9, and the auxiliary worm 10 are installed on the planetary carrier 4 and connected in sequence; the auxiliary worm gear 11 and the gear train 2 planetary carrier 15 are coaxially fixedly connected; the output end center wheel 6 and the gear train 2 planetary carrier 15 rotate synchronously in the same direction; the gear train 2 planetary gear connects the center wheel 12 and the center wheel 14, the coupling clutch 16 connects the center wheel 12 and the output shaft, and the coupling clutch 17 connects the center wheel 14 and the output shaft.

[0036] Worm 1: Transmission ratio control end, control signal input end.

[0037] The power is input from the planet carrier 4.

[0038] The output is output from the output shaft through the output end center wheel 6, center wheel 12, coupling clutch 16; or:

[0039] The power is outputted from the output shaft through the output end center wheel 6, center wheel 12, planetary gear 13, center wheel 14, coupling clutch 17.

[0040] The engagement or disengagement of the coupling clutch 16 and the coupling clutch 17 depends on the load state on the output shaft.

[0041] Circumferential displacement occurs when the load is driven or pulled by the output shaft, that is, the rotation speed of the output shaft lags behind or leads the output end center wheel 6. The engagement and disengagement of the coupling clutch are automatically selected by the displacement in different directions.

[0042] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the coupling clutch structure.

[0043] The coupling clutches 16 and 17 are respectively composed of shaft sleeves 21, 22 and shaft sleeves 23 and 24. Shaft sleeves 21, 22, 23, 24 are provided with teeth and grooves. Shaft sleeves 22, 23 can be constructed as a component and fixedly connected to the output shaft.

[0044] The shaft sleeve 21 is coaxially fixedly connected to the center wheel 12 , and the shaft sleeve 23 is coaxially fixedly connected to the center wheel 14 .

[0045] When the load is driven, the sleeves 21 and 22 are engaged, and the sleeves 23 and 24 rotating synchronously with the sleeve 21 are disengaged; when the load speed is ahead, the sleeves 22 and 21 are disengaged, the sleeves 24 and 23 are engaged, and the sleeve 21 is reversed.

Claims

1. A heavy-duty continuously variable transmission, comprising a base, a gear train 1, a gear train 2, a worm wheel, a worm, a set of connecting gears, a coupling clutch and an output shaft; wherein: The gear train 1 and the gear train 2 both include two center wheels, a planet carrier and planetary gears; the two center wheels of the gear train 1 are the control end center wheel and the output end center wheel respectively; the control end center wheel is fixedly connected to the worm gear, and the worm is installed on the machine base; the output end center wheel is coaxially fixedly connected to a center wheel in the gear train 2; in the gear train 2, the center wheel, the planet carrier and the other center wheel are coaxially arranged in sequence, and the planetary gears are connected; the group of connecting gears includes a cylindrical gear, an intersecting axis gear, a secondary worm and a secondary worm wheel, which are connected in sequence; the cylindrical gear, the intersecting axis gear and the secondary worm are connected in sequence. The rod is installed on the planetary carrier of gear train 1, and the cylindrical gear is meshed with the planetary gear of gear train 1; the auxiliary worm gear is coaxially fixedly connected with the planetary carrier of gear train 2; each center wheel in gear train 2 is connected to the output shaft using a coupling clutch; the coupling clutch is composed of two sleeves, which are respectively fixedly connected to the center wheel and the output shaft; there are teeth and grooves on the sleeves; the output shaft can only be connected to one of the two center wheels; when lagging, it is connected to the center wheel coaxially fixed with the output end center wheel, and when leading, it is disengaged and connected to the other center wheel; the center wheel at the output end of gear train 1 and the planetary carrier of gear train 2 rotate synchronously in the same direction.

Images