A dynamic backlight three-dimensional display and display method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display and a display method thereof. The display comprises a light source layer, a light modulation layer and a liquid crystal display layer. The light modulation layer is arranged between the light source layer and the liquid crystal display layer. The light source layer, the light modulation layer and the liquid crystal display layer are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals. A plurality of light-emitting units are randomly arranged on the light source layer, and the bright / dark state of each of the light-emitting units is driven separately. A plurality of small hole arrays are randomly arranged on the light modulation layer, and the small hole closest to the light-emitting unit is set as the main lobe hole of the light-emitting unit, and the remaining small holes are the side lobe holes of the light-emitting unit. After the light emitted by the light source layer passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction of the light is dynamically modulated. When the modulated light passes through the liquid crystal display layer, the pixels on the liquid crystal display layer propagate in different directions respectively, thereby forming a three-dimensional light field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of stereoscopic display, in particular to a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display and a display method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Most of the current three-dimensional display solutions use some optical elements, such as free-form surfaces, optical lenses, semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors, optical waveguides, etc., to project the image source content of the display placed in the non-clear vision distance into the pupil. However, there are still many challenges in the current solutions, such as miniaturization of the device, lightweight, low power consumption of the system, high resolution of images, real-time rendering, and most importantly, visual comfort. In order to ensure that users can use the device for a long time, a good viewing experience is essential. Unfortunately, there is currently no solution that can effectively solve all the above problems at the same time. However, for the most important problem of adjustment and convergence angle conflict in visual comfort, there are currently many effective solutions that can alleviate it by providing accurate or nearly accurate depth clues, such as display solutions based on Maxwell views; display solutions based on multi-planes; light field display solutions based on holography; light field display solutions based on double-layer liquid crystals; and light field display solutions based on integrated imaging principles, etc.

[0003] Among them, the light field display solution based on the principle of integrated imaging is regarded as the best 3D reconstruction solution. Its main principle is to control light based on a microlens array or a pinhole array. However, due to the limitations of the display principle, it has problems such as severe resolution loss, obvious moiré fringes, and high stereo crosstalk, resulting in poor imaging quality of this solution, which seriously affects the promotion and application of stereo display technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display and a display method thereof in view of the problems existing in the prior art. The three-dimensional display of the present invention has high three-dimensional display resolution, simple optical imaging structure, and effectively reduces the moiré phenomenon of the three-dimensional display, thereby improving the display quality of the three-dimensional display.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A dynamic backlight three-dimensional display comprises a light source layer, a light modulation layer and a liquid crystal display layer, wherein the light modulation layer is arranged between the light source layer and the liquid crystal display layer, and the light source layer, the light modulation layer and the liquid crystal display layer are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals; a plurality of light-emitting units are randomly arranged on the light source layer, the physical coordinates of each light-emitting unit on the light source layer are clear, and the bright / dark state of each light-emitting unit is driven separately; a plurality of small hole arrays are randomly arranged on the light modulation layer, and the physical coordinates of each small hole on the light modulation layer are clear; the small hole closest to the light-emitting unit is set as the main lobe hole of the light-emitting unit, and the remaining small holes are set as the side lobe holes of the light-emitting unit; after the light emitted by the light source layer passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction of the light is dynamically modulated; when the modulated light passes through the liquid crystal display layer, the pixels on the liquid crystal display layer propagate in different directions respectively, thereby forming a three-dimensional light field.

[0007] Specifically, a coordinate grid is marked on the light source layer, which is used to determine the physical coordinates of each of the light-emitting units on the light source layer.

[0008] Specifically, a coordinate grid is marked on the light modulation layer, which is used to determine the physical coordinates of each of the pinholes on the light modulation layer.

[0009] Specifically, the distance between the light emitting unit and the small hole is defined as: the vertical distance between the light emitting unit and the central axis of the small hole.

[0010] Specifically, the light source layer is a micro LED array, a liquid crystal display or an OLED display.

[0011] Optionally, the light modulation layer may be a transparent liquid crystal pixel layer or a liquid crystal barrier layer based on electrowetting.

[0012] Optionally, the light modulation layer may also be an opaque scattering layer.

[0013] Corresponding to the above-mentioned dynamic backlight three-dimensional display, the present invention further provides a display method of a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display, which renders pixels according to a time division multiplexing method, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0014] S1, randomly dividing a number of light-emitting units on the light source layer into N groups, each group includes a number of sparse light-emitting units, and the light emitted by each of the light-emitting units propagates according to a Lambert model;

[0015] S2, lighting up the first group of light-emitting units. After the light emitted by the first group of light-emitting units passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction changes;

[0016] S3, counting the main lobe pixels on the liquid crystal display layer, the angles between the line connecting the light-emitting unit and the center of the main lobe hole and the normal to the screen, and counting the components of these angles in the horizontal direction; the main lobe pixels with the same angle component constitute a viewpoint; the main lobe pixels are arranged into 1 to N viewpoints in order from small to large angles;

[0017] S4, light up the second group of light-emitting units, and repeat step S3; until all N groups of light-emitting units are lighted.

[0018] Specifically, the main lobe pixels are pixels on the liquid crystal display layer where light propagates through the main lobe holes; and the side lobe pixels are pixels on the liquid crystal display layer where light propagates through the side lobe holes.

[0019] Specifically, the refresh rate of the light source layer and the liquid crystal display layer is at least N×24 Hz.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) by randomly arranging a number of light-emitting units on the light source layer and randomly arranging a number of small hole arrays on the light modulation layer, the present invention makes the propagation direction of the light emitted by the light-emitting unit uncertain after passing through the light modulation layer, thereby effectively reducing the moiré phenomenon of the three-dimensional display; (2) by adopting the time division multiplexing method, the present invention only renders the main lobe pixels of the liquid crystal display layer, which can effectively increase the display resolution of the three-dimensional display and reduce the crosstalk of the stereoscopic display, thereby improving the display quality of the stereoscopic display. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the light path for lighting a single light-emitting unit on the liquid crystal display layer in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the light-emitting units on the light source layer of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 A flow chart of a display method of a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to the present invention;

[0025] In the figure: 1, light source layer; 11, light emitting unit; 2, light modulation layer; 21, main lobe hole; 22, side lobe hole; 3, liquid crystal display layer; 31, main lobe pixel; 32, side lobe pixel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] like Figure 1 , 3 As shown, this embodiment provides a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display, including a light source layer 1, a light modulation layer and a liquid crystal display layer 3, wherein the light modulation layer is arranged between the light source layer 1 and the liquid crystal display layer 3, and the light source layer 1, the light modulation layer and the liquid crystal display layer 3 are parallel to each other and arranged at intervals; a plurality of light-emitting units are randomly arranged on the light source layer 1, and the physical coordinates of each light-emitting unit on the light source layer 1 are clear, and the bright / dark state of each light-emitting unit is driven separately; a plurality of small hole arrays are randomly arranged on the light modulation layer, and the physical coordinates of each small hole on the light modulation layer are clear; the small hole closest to the light-emitting unit is set as the main lobe hole 21 of the light-emitting unit, and the remaining small holes are set as the side lobe holes 22 of the light-emitting unit; after the light emitted by the light source layer 1 passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction of the light is dynamically modulated; when the modulated light passes through the liquid crystal display layer 3, the pixels on the liquid crystal display layer 3 propagate in different directions respectively, thereby forming a three-dimensional light field.

[0029] Specifically, the light modulation layer is a liquid crystal layer whose transparency can be adjusted, and a non-periodically arranged array of small holes can be realized by setting the transparency of each pixel.

[0030] Optionally, the light source layer 1 may adopt a micro LED array;

[0031] Optionally, the light source layer 1 may adopt a liquid crystal display layer 3 based on a point light source, specifically, a collimated laser beam is magnified to a width similar to that of the liquid crystal display layer 3 through a beam expansion system, and the output position of the beam expansion system sequentially places a liquid crystal layer, a non-periodic light modulation layer and a liquid crystal display layer 3 in parallel at a certain interval; the liquid crystal layer can selectively transmit or reflect parallel incident light by setting the transparency of each pixel, thereby forming a non-periodic light source layer 1.

[0032] Specifically, a coordinate grid is marked on the light source layer 1 for determining the physical coordinates of each of the light emitting units on the light source layer 1 .

[0033] Specifically, a coordinate grid is marked on the light modulation layer, which is used to determine the physical coordinates of each of the pinholes on the light modulation layer.

[0034] Specifically, the distance between the light emitting unit and the small hole is defined as: the vertical distance between the light emitting unit and the central axis of the small hole.

[0035] In this embodiment, the non-periodic liquid crystal layer can switch to display different grating structures or pattern information, cooperate with the adjustable non-periodic light source layer 1, and use time-division multiplexing to light up the light-emitting units at different positions on the light source layer 1, thereby realizing real-time dynamic combination of the non-periodic light source layer 1 and the non-periodic modulation layer.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] like Figure 2 , 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a display method for a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display, which renders pixels according to a time division multiplexing method. The specific method is as follows:

[0038] First, a transfer function matrix is ​​established. It is assumed that there are A light-emitting units on the light source layer 1, and the physical coordinates of the light-emitting units on the light source layer 1 are (x, y); there are B small holes on the light modulation layer, and the physical coordinates of the small holes on the light modulation layer are (m, n); the distance between the light-emitting unit and the small hole is d, then:

[0039]

[0040] That is, a 5D light field transfer function (x, y, m, n, d) consisting of the light source layer 1 and the light modulation layer is established;

[0041] Among them, d is mainly used to distinguish the main lobe from the side lobe. For the light-emitting unit (x, y), there must be a minimum value d, which corresponds to the physical coordinates (m, n) of the small hole on the light modulation layer is 1, indicating the main lobe, and the remaining small holes are 0, indicating the side lobe; then the 5D light field transfer function can be expressed as (x, y, m, n, D), D is 0 or 1;

[0042] Specifically, the main lobe pixels on the liquid crystal display layer are counted, and the length of the line connecting the light-emitting unit and the center of the main lobe hole is l. The angle between the line and the normal line perpendicular to the screen is α, and the components α of these angles in the horizontal direction are counted. h but:

[0043] α h =arcsin((xm) / l)

[0044] The same angle component α h The main lobe pixels of the image are combined into a viewpoint; the main lobe pixels are arranged into viewpoints 1 to N in the order of the included angle from small to large;

[0045] Then, all the light rays from the D=1 pinhole passing through the pixels (u, v) in the liquid crystal display layer 3 are counted on the display layer to establish a new 6D light field matrix (x, y, m, n, u, v)| D＝1 ;

[0046] After the light emitted by the light emitting unit passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction changes. The main lobe pixels 31 on the liquid crystal display layer 3 are counted. According to the length of the line connecting the light source pixel and the center of the pinhole, the main lobe pixels 31 (x, y, m, n, u, v)| D＝1 Perform grayscale value filling, for sidelobe pixels 32(x,y,m,n,u,v)| D＝0 No padding is performed.

[0047] Specifically, the light source layer 1 can be an LED array or other display panels, such as a liquid crystal display panel, an OLED display panel, and the like, which are high-brightness electrically controlled light sources that can be pixel-controlled; the light modulation layer can be a pinhole array, a microlens array, or a non-periodic array unit with adjustable transparency, such as a non-periodic liquid crystal pixel layer or a non-periodic liquid crystal barrier layer based on electrowetting.

[0048] Specifically, the main lobe pixel 31 is a pixel on the liquid crystal display layer 3 where light propagates through the main lobe hole 21 ; the side lobe pixel 32 is a pixel on the liquid crystal display layer 3 where light propagates through the side lobe hole 22 .

[0049] Specifically, the refresh rate of the light source layer 1 and the liquid crystal display layer 3 is at least N×24 Hz, ensuring that human eyes will not feel flicker.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dynamic backlight three-dimensional display, characterized in that: The invention comprises a light source layer, a light modulation layer and a liquid crystal display layer, wherein the light modulation layer is arranged between the light source layer and the liquid crystal display layer, and the light source layer, the light modulation layer and the liquid crystal display layer are arranged parallel to each other and at intervals; a plurality of light emitting units are randomly arranged on the light source layer, and the light / dark state of each light emitting unit is driven separately; a plurality of small hole arrays are randomly arranged on the light modulation layer, and the small hole closest to the light emitting unit is set as the main lobe hole of the light emitting unit, and the remaining small holes are the side lobe holes of the light emitting unit; the liquid crystal display layer has main lobe pixels and side lobe pixels, wherein the main lobe pixels are pixels on the liquid crystal display layer of the light propagating through the main lobe holes; and the side lobe pixels are pixels on the liquid crystal display layer of the light propagating through the side lobe holes; after the light emitted by the light source layer passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction changes, the main lobe pixels on the liquid crystal display layer are counted, and the main lobe pixels are modulated according to the length of the distance between the light source pixel and the center of the small hole. Fill the gray value for the side lobe pixels Without filling, the propagation direction of the light is dynamically modulated; when the modulated light passes through the liquid crystal display layer, the pixels on the liquid crystal display layer propagate in different directions, thereby forming a three-dimensional light field.

2. A dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the light emitting unit and the small hole is defined as: the vertical distance between the light emitting unit and the central axis of the small hole.

3. The dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light source layer is a micro LED array, a liquid crystal display or an OLED display.

4. The dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light modulation layer is a transparent liquid crystal pixel layer or a liquid crystal barrier layer based on electrowetting.

5. The dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light modulation layer is a scattering layer.

6. A display method for a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, randomly dividing a number of light-emitting units on the light source layer into N groups, each group includes a number of sparse light-emitting units, and the light emitted by each of the light-emitting units is propagated according to the Lambert illumination model; S2, lighting up the first group of light-emitting units. After the light emitted by the first group of light-emitting units passes through the light modulation layer, the propagation direction changes; S3, counting the main lobe pixels on the liquid crystal display layer, the angles between the line connecting the light-emitting unit and the center of the main lobe hole and the normal to the screen, and counting the components of these angles in the horizontal direction; the main lobe pixels with the same angle component constitute a viewpoint; Arrange the main lobe pixels into 1 to N viewpoints in order from small to large angles; S4, light up the second group of light-emitting units, and repeat step S3; until all N groups of light-emitting units are lighted.

7. The display method of a dynamic backlight three-dimensional display according to claim 6, characterized in that: The refresh rate of the light source layer and the liquid crystal display layer is at least N×24 Hz.

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