Fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fully intelligent and maintenance-free straw biomass small boiler. It mainly includes a self-isolating rotary feeder, an autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device, a double-water jacket combined furnace body, a spray-type dust collector, and an intelligent controller. The self-isolating rotary feeder can eliminate the hidden dangers of backfire and improve the refined control of feeding; the autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device can effectively prevent the interruption of operation caused by straw combustion and coking; the double-water jacket combined furnace body unit can provide heating and domestic hot water; the spray-type dust collector makes the flue gas emission cleaner; the intelligent controller can detect the above units and coordinate intelligent control and remote control including feeding, combustion, slag discharge, decoking, dust removal, etc. The present invention adopts a vertical furnace and an integrated structural design, which occupies a small area. There is no manual ash cleaning port in the entire furnace. It adopts negative pressure dust-free operation and online collection of ash into special bags, which is conducive to returning to the field and transportation. Manual labor is only required for loading, which is suitable for home use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of boilers, and in particular to a fully intelligent and maintenance-free straw biomass small boiler. Background Art

[0002] D-class boilers with a thermal power of less than 100KW are collectively referred to as small boilers. Based on the average living area of ​​120M2 per household, a small boiler suitable for household use should be around 10KW.

[0003] Biomass pellet fuels are divided into two categories. One is wood biomass pellet fuel made from wood, sawdust, and branches, referred to as wood pellet fuel. Wood pellet fuel has high calorific value, low ash content, and does not coke or emit black smoke during combustion. It is the preferred fuel for most small household biomass boilers. However, resources are limited and it is not suitable for large-scale promotion. The other is straw biomass pellet fuel made from crop waste, referred to as straw pellet fuel. Straw pellet fuel has unstable calorific value, high ash content, and is prone to coking and emitting black smoke during combustion. However, resources are extremely abundant and suitable for large-scale promotion. However, there are currently no small household boilers with reliable performance.

[0004] In my country, the amount of straw biomass, mainly crop waste, is huge, with nearly 900 million tons produced each year. Moreover, these biomasses are widely distributed, scattered, difficult to collect and transport. If they are not utilized, it will not only waste resources but also bring huge pressure to the environment. Using straw pellets for heating nearby is also one of the effective ways to solve this problem. In recent years, many boilers have developed well due to the use of semi-automatic control and special supervision. However, these boilers are not suitable for the use of scattered households in rural areas and urban-rural fringe areas. The mechanism of multiple households sharing a heating system is not mature. Small household straw pellet heating boilers have not been well applied so far due to many unresolved technical problems. For example: a research project by the Department of Thermal Energy Engineering of Jilin University and the National Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control of Jilin University has been carried out. In the paper "Research on the Design of Combustion Chamber of Small Biomass Pellet Boiler", jointly published in the 2nd issue of "Energy Saving Technology" in 2018 by Jiao Zhenwei and other four people from Dian Laboratory and Harbin Boiler Plant Co., Ltd., it was written: "Through a large number of experimental studies, it was found that small (10kw) biomass boilers have problems with tar pollution, incomplete and unstable combustion, and fuel ash coking... Small boilers do not have boiler operators and are not supervised by dedicated personnel. Coking cannot be discovered and handled in time. Even if it is cleaned, it has a great impact on the combustion conditions of the small furnace and may even interrupt combustion." It can be seen that the real reason why small household straw pellet boiler technology is difficult to break through is the combination of the uniqueness of straw biomass fuel and the difficulty of controlling small biomass boilers. In summary, the main problems are as follows:

[0005] 1. Fuel ash coking problem: Currently, the main fuel used is straw biomass pellet fuel containing anti-coking additives, or the method of lowering the boiler combustion temperature is technically adopted to prevent coking, but the effect is limited and long-term stable operation cannot be achieved, and manual coking is inevitable.

[0006] 2. Dust pollution problem: Since household boilers should not be made too large, it is inconvenient to design efficient dust removal devices. The slag hopper and flue still need to be cleaned manually, and too much black smoke and dust are generated, which has a great impact on the environment.

[0007] 3. Feeding problem of small furnaces: Taking a 10kw boiler as an example, the average feed per minute is only about 40g. The combustion heat capacity is low and the feeding requirements are harsh. Feeding a little more will extinguish the flame, and feeding a little less will cause the flame to go out due to lack of feed, and there is no autonomous ignition and self-recovery mechanism after the flame goes out.

[0008] 4. Continuous operation issues: Due to the unstable composition of biomass fuel, it is necessary to set the boiler operating parameters based on empirical values, such as delayed feeding and delayed slagging to achieve a temporary steady-state operating condition. When the fuel ash content, calorific value or load changes, new empirical values ​​must be explored and set. Otherwise, the steady-state operating condition will be deviated, resulting in fuel accumulation or emptying in the furnace, thereby interrupting operation.

[0009] 5. Automation and intelligence issues: The industry still focuses on simple structure and low manufacturing cost, while ignoring the comfort, simplicity and intelligence of operation. Although some boilers also use simple program control, the difficulty and workload of manual operation are still several times greater than that of manual coal-fired stoves, and it still cannot reach the level of automation that can liberate people from dust and tedious working environment.

[0010] Based on the above points, the enthusiasm of families to choose and use small household straw biomass boilers for heating has been seriously restricted. The current boiler products are limited to burning wood biomass fuels. The utilization and development of straw still lacks this huge number of household users.

[0011] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fully intelligent and maintenance-free straw biomass small boiler.

[0013] The present invention is mainly solved by the following specific technical solutions:

[0014] A fully intelligent and maintenance-free straw biomass small boiler, characterized in that it includes: a boiler body 1, a spray dust collector 2, a feeding reduction motor 3, a self-isolating rotary feeder 4, an autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device 5, a spiral slag discharger 37, a variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26 and an intelligent controller; the boiler body 1 is fixed on a bearing plate 6, the bearing plate 6 is fixed on an outer frame of a frame 7, the boiler body 1 is composed of a main water jacket 9 and a secondary water jacket 10, and the boiler body 1 is a heat exchange component of the boiler; the spray dust collector 2 is installed after the exhaust pipe of the boiler body 1, and is a component for treating the boiler flue gas; the feeding reduction motor 3 is installed on the bearing plate 6, and its power output shaft passes through two sets of sprocket chains, one set drives the self-isolating rotary feeder 4, and the other set drives the spiral slag discharger 37; the self-isolating rotary feeder 4 is a feeding device for accurately providing fuel to the boiler; the autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device 5 is installed at the The lower part, its main function is to support boiler combustion, slag discharge and decoking; the spiral slag discharger 37 is installed at the lower part of the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device 5, mainly to continuously and online push the ash discharged by the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device 5 into the ash collection bag; the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26 is installed after the spray type dust collector 2, and its main function is to provide the required air for boiler combustion by exhaustion; the intelligent controller consists of a human-computer interaction part, a data input part, a control output part and a network communication part, and is the detection and control center of the boiler.

[0015] Preferably, the main water jacket 9 of the boiler body 1 has a main water chamber 11 in the interlayer, the main water chamber 11 is provided with a water inlet 12 at the bottom and a water outlet 13 at the top, and a water temperature probe 14 in the main water chamber. The inner cavity of the main water jacket is a furnace 15, a basket-type combustion barrel 16 is installed at the bottom of the furnace, a furnace feed port 31 is provided in the middle, a pipe-type heat exchanger 18 is installed at the top, and the upper part of the tube heat exchanger 18 is the auxiliary water jacket 10, and the flue gas vent in the middle of the tube heat exchanger 18 is provided. After merging with the flue gas pipe 19 through a reducing pipe, the flue gas is led out from the auxiliary water jacket 10; a flue gas temperature probe 20 is provided on the flue gas pipe 19, and a pressure signal pipe is led out of the flue gas pipe 19 and connected to the negative pressure end of an adjustable wind pressure switch 21; the separating outer ring 22 of the tubular heat exchanger 18 is the dividing surface between the main water chamber 11 and the auxiliary water chamber 65; the auxiliary water jacket 10 is provided with a float valve 23, an auxiliary water jacket outlet 75 and an atmospheric communication pipe 68.

[0016] Preferably, the separating outer ring 22 of the tubular heat exchanger 18 can be eliminated, so that the main water chamber 11 and the auxiliary water chamber 65 are combined into a single water chamber.

[0017] Preferably, the upper part of the dust removal water tank 24 of the spray dust collector 2 is connected to the flue gas bathing pipe 25 and the clean flue gas pipe 74 respectively; the other end of the flue gas bathing pipe 25 is connected to the flue gas pipe 19; the other end of the clean flue gas pipe 74 is connected to the inlet of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26; a float type water level switch 27 and a filter 28 are provided in the dust removal water tank 24, and the filter 28 is connected to the inlet of the external dust removal water pump 29 and the outlet of the water supply solenoid valve 30. The outlet of the dust removal water pump 29 is connected to the spiral nozzle 32 in the flue gas bathing pipe 25 through a water pipe, and the flue gas bathing pipe 25 is provided with a spray pipe maintenance window 33; the bottom of the dust removal water tank 24 is funnel-shaped, and the funnel mouth is connected to the inlet of the humidification solenoid valve 34. The outlet of the humidification solenoid valve 34 passes through the humidification pipe 35 into the slag hopper 36, and the slag outlet of the slag hopper 36 is connected to the spiral slag discharger 37. The dust removal water tank 24 is provided with a water tank maintenance window 67.

[0018] Preferably, the self-isolating rotary feeder 4 includes a stator 38 and a rotor 39, wherein a feed port 17 is opened on the side of the stator shell 40, and the outside of the feed port 17 is connected to the discharge port of the feed hopper 41, and a fuel cutting blade 46 is installed on the upper edge of the feed port 17; a discharge port 43 is opened on the upper part of the stator inner shell 42, and the lower part of the discharge port 43 is connected to the blanking inclined tube 45, the rear side of the stator shell 40 and the rear side of the stator inner shell 42 are fixed on the rear baffle 44, and the front baffle 47 is fixed on the front side of the stator inner shell 42, the stator shell 40, the stator inner shell 42 and the front baffle 47 have a common axis, and a shaft 49 for positioning the rotor 39 is led out through its axis, and the outer end of the shaft 49 It has threads to facilitate locking the rotor 39 with a nut 48, and 4 to 8 isolation blocks 51 are evenly fixed on the rotor cover 50. The rotor cover 50 and the isolation blocks 51 can be embedded in the annular groove formed by the stator outer shell 40 and the stator inner shell 42, and can rotate freely under the support of the shaft 49 and the bearing 52, and the gap between the moving and static parts is between 0.5mm and 1.5mm; a driven sprocket 53 driven by the driving sprocket 69 is fixed on the outside of the rotor, and the transmission ratio of the driving sprocket 69 to the driven sprocket 53 is equal to the number of isolation blocks 51; the blanking inclined tube 45 is connected to the furnace feed port 31; a peephole is opened on the top of the stator shell 40 for installing the flame detection head 54.

[0019] Preferably, the slag stirring impeller 55 of the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device 5 is connected to the slag stirring shaft 77 and is installed on the supporting plate 6 through two bearing seats 56. The slag stirring reduction motor 57 installed on the supporting plate 6 drives the slag stirring impeller 55 to rotate through the transmission gear set 58. The slag stirring impeller 55 is installed at the bottom of the basket-type combustion barrel 16, the coke breaking rod 59 extends into the basket-type combustion barrel 16, and the electric igniter 8 also extends into the basket-type combustion barrel 16; the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is an inverted one with no cover on the top and no bottom on the bottom. The hollow barrel is in the shape of a truncated cone, an inverted quadrangular cone, a square on top and a circle on the bottom, a circle on top and a square on the bottom, a circle on top and an ellipse on the bottom, or a square on top and an ellipse on the bottom. The barrel body is covered with ventilation holes 60 with a diameter of 3mm to 20mm. The bottom plane of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is extended along the diameter line of the circle, or the bottom plane is extended along the center line of the opposite side of the square, or the bottom plane is extended along the long axis of the ellipse. Two semicircular notches that are adapted to the diameter of the stirring slag shaft 77 are cut on the edge of the combustion barrel to position or support the basket-type combustion barrel 16 on the stirring slag shaft 77. The slag stirring impeller 55 is on the slag shaft 77; the slag stirring impeller 55 adopts the forward and reverse rotation method to discharge ash and remove coke, the radial projection profile of the slag stirring impeller 55 is consistent with the shape of the bottom of the basket-type combustion barrel 16, and after assembly, the axis of the slag stirring impeller 55 coincides with the plane of the barrel bottom, and ensures that the slag stirring impeller 55 can rotate freely. The number of blades of the slag stirring impeller 55 should be between 5 and 15, all of which are opened in the radial direction of the middle extension axis and are equipped with the coke breaking rod 59 that can rotate around the slag stirring shaft 77. The coke breaking rod 59 has a sleeve that can be The hole on the slag stirring shaft 77 has a sealing blade 61 in the opening blade. The sealing blade 61 and the coke breaking rod (59) limit the rotation of the slag stirring impeller (55) to not exceed one circle. A coke breaking induction stud 62 is provided on the slag stirring shaft 77, and a coke breaking induction proximity switch 63 is installed on the trajectory of the coke breaking induction stud 62 rotating with the slag stirring shaft 77, and when the coke breaking induction stud 62 approaches the induction head of the coke breaking induction proximity switch 63, the switch is triggered and actuated.

[0020] Preferably, the spiral slag discharger 37 has a driven sprocket 53 that can be driven by the driving sprocket 69; 1 to 6 groups of non-continuous reverse spiral blades 64 that are opposite to the mainstream rotation direction blades are provided on the spiral shaft near the outlet end of the slag discharger, and each group of reverse spiral blades 64 is less than one circle; there is a circle of anti-slip flange 73 on the outer side of the edge of the slag outlet for tightening the ash bag mouth, so as to facilitate online collection of ash during boiler operation.

[0021] Preferably, a feed sensing stud 66 is provided on the output shaft of the feed reduction motor 3, and a feed sensing proximity switch A70 and a feed sensing proximity switch B71 are respectively installed on the trajectory of the feed sensing stud 66 rotating with the shaft, and when the feed sensing stud 66 approaches the sensor head of the corresponding feed sensing proximity switch, the switch is triggered and actuated.

[0022] Preferably, a feeding method for a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler is provided, which is as follows: when the feed sensing stud 66 rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch A70, corresponding to the isolation block 51 being at the start feeding position, the intelligent controller starts the feed reduction motor continuously or in a jog manner according to the combustion conditions, thereby driving the isolation block 51 to push the fuel into the drop inclined tube 45 and the furnace 15, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the feed amount; when the feed sensing stud 66 rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch B71, corresponding to the isolation block 51 being at the end feeding position, the intelligent controller continuously starts the feed reduction motor 3, so that the feeder rotates to the start feeding position again, and the cycle continues; each time the driving wheel rotates one circle, the isolation blocks 51 corresponding to different ones are always in the same working position;

[0023] When the feed rate needs to be reduced due to load reduction, two methods of hardware equipment and software control are used to achieve this. One method is to achieve this through a second-level inching feed mode: when the transmission ratio of the driving sprocket 69 to the driven sprocket 53 is 5, when the driving sprocket 69 rotates 10°, the driven sprocket 53 only rotates 2°, so that the isolation block 51 can micro-control the amount of fuel pushed into the blanking inclined tube 45; the second method is to detect the blanking in real time through the feature that the optical path 76 of the flame detection head 54 is the same as that of the blanking inclined tube 45. Material situation: When too much material is falling, the flame signal received by the flame detection head 54 will inevitably be blocked while the fuel particles pass through the falling inclined tube 45, thereby forming a number of pulse signals proportional to the feeding number at the flame detection output. When the number of pulses received by the intelligent controller is greater than a given value, the feeding is stopped immediately. Similarly, when there is no material falling during the feeding process, the feeding time will be increased if the flame pulse signal received by the intelligent controller does not change. Through the mutual cooperation and mutual complementation of the above two methods, each feeding action can be achieved accurately.

[0024] When the machine is shut down or the power is off, no matter where the isolation block 51 stops, the blanking inclined tube 45 can be completely isolated from the outlet of the feed hopper 41 to prevent backfire; when the blanking inclined tube 45 and the furnace 15 are blocked, the flame detection head 54 stops running and alarms due to the failure to detect flame; when fuel in the blanking inclined tube 45 catches fire, the temperature control switch in the flame detection head 54 stops running and alarms due to high temperature.

[0025] Preferably, a fully intelligent and unattended slag discharge and coke breaking method for a small straw biomass boiler is provided, the method being: the intelligent controller reads the position state of the coke breaking inductive proximity switch 63, and then controls and drives the slag stirring reduction motor 57 to drive the slag stirring impeller 55 to complete the slag discharge and coke breaking operations; a slag discharge action consists of a clockwise rotation plus a counterclockwise rotation, and a direction control time is added to the clockwise direction, that is, the clockwise rotation time is greater than the counterclockwise rotation time, so the overall direction of rotation of the slag stirring impeller 55 is clockwise. After multiple slag discharge actions, the sealing blade 61 will inevitably rotate to and push the coke breaking rod 59 to rotate in the clockwise direction. As the coke-breaking rod 59 rotates, it cuts the coke blocks in the middle and upper parts of the basket-type combustion barrel 16. The broken coke blocks fall into the working area of ​​the slag stirring impeller 55 and are further crushed and discharged by the impeller. As the coke-breaking sensing stud 62 rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking sensing proximity switch 63, a coke-breaking process ends. Then the program adjusts the slag discharge action to counterclockwise rotation plus clockwise rotation, and adds a direction control time in the counterclockwise direction. After multiple slag discharge actions, the sealing blade 61 pushes the coke-breaking rod 59 to rotate counterclockwise to break the coke again. Until the coke-breaking sensing stud 62 rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking sensing proximity switch 63, another coke-breaking process ends, and the cycle continues.

[0026] Preferably, a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler slag level detection and control method is provided, which is: when the furnace 15 is well sealed, the exhaust fan is used at a certain speed or a certain exhaust volume to measure the furnace slag level by using the amount of the ventilation holes 60 of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 covered by the slag to cause the change in the air intake volume and the change in the pressure on the furnace, and then the slag discharge speed is closed-loop controlled according to the measured result; the method comprises the following steps: first, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; second, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; third, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; fourth, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; fifth ... sixth, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; sixth, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; sixth, determining the normal slag level and the dynamic relationship between the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 and the slag level; As a critical point, specifically, the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is adjusted to a position where combustion is good, usually at 2 / 3, so that the ventilation holes 60 below the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 are covered, and the ventilation holes above the slag level are effective through holes. The speed of the variable frequency speed regulating exhaust fan 26 is adjusted to a specific speed, usually a speed under 50 Hz, and then the knob of the adjustable air pressure switch 21 is gradually adjusted from a high negative pressure value to a low negative pressure value until the normally open contact of the switch is just connected. At this time, the negative pressure value in the furnace and the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 are determined by the state of the air pressure switch. Corresponding relationship; Secondly, when the boiler is operating normally, there is a slag position detection subroutine in the intelligent controller program that is executed regularly. When the program is executed, the exhaust fan is adjusted to a speed of 50Hz and then the switch state of the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 is read. When the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is lower than 2 / 3, the number of its effective through holes increases, and the amount of air entering the furnace increases. When the exhaust volume is constant, the negative pressure value of the furnace is low, the wind pressure normally open contact is not connected, and the read switch state is 0. At this time, the control program stops or reduces the working time of the slag stirring motor, so that the slag stirring impeller 5 5. The amount of slag discharged is reduced; on the contrary, when the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is higher than 2 / 3, the number of its effective through holes is reduced, and the air volume entering the furnace is reduced. When the exhaust volume is constant, the negative pressure value of the furnace is high, the wind pressure normally open contact is connected, and the read switch state is 1. At this time, the control program starts or increases the working time of the slag stirring motor to increase the amount of slag discharged by the slag stirring impeller 55. Regardless of the fuel parameters or load changes, the above method can be used to keep the optimal combustion slag level in the furnace for a long time and stably; if the read signal is a normally closed contact, the program logic of the intelligent controller is inverted.

[0027] Preferably, according to a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler slag level detection and control method, its characteristic is that: by setting two sets of the adjustable wind pressure switches 21 and adjusting them to two state points of high slag level and low slag level respectively, the intelligent controller program controls the boiler slag level between the two points to improve the accuracy of slag discharge and the stability of combustion.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention adopts the requirements of comprehensive intelligence and automation to collect, calculate and control data of major components, mainly including a self-isolating rotary feeder, which solves the problem of refined feeding and the isolation and sealing problem between the combustion area and the storage area; an autonomous ash and decoking device is adopted, which has the dual functions of automatic slag discharge and decoking; a variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan is adopted, which makes the combustion control more accurate; a spray dust collector is adopted to achieve efficient dust-free emission; an intelligent management system is used to uniformly manage the above equipment, especially to coordinate and control the feeding, combustion, slag discharge, decoking and dust removal, for example, the feeding amount is automatically adjusted according to the outlet water temperature, the slag discharge amount is automatically adjusted according to the slag level measurement system, and the flame The detector participates in combustion control and automatically re-ignites after flameout. It has scheduled start and stop functions and automatic anti-freeze functions. It adopts a double water jacket structure, which can provide heating and domestic hot water at the same time. The boiler can also burn a full range of biomass bulk materials with a spherical equivalent diameter of 5mm~30mm and a certain fluidity. The boiler body adopts a vertical structure, the combustion chamber is wrapped with an overall water jacket, and it occupies a small area. There is no manual ash cleaning port in the entire furnace, and the entire system operates under negative pressure and dust-free. After extinguishing the flame, cooling and moistening, all ash is squeezed directly into a special ash collection bag from the outlet of the automatic slag machine, which is convenient for the ash to be returned to the field. It not only properly disposes of the ash and dust removal water, but also plays a role in fire prevention and dust prevention. Manual labor is only required to add materials to the hopper and replace the ash collection bag. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 A front view of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a front structural diagram of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the back of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a boiler body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of a spray-type dust collector according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is an exploded structural diagram of a self-isolating rotary feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the back of the self-isolating rotary feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a self-isolating rotary feeder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding starting position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding end position according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of an autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of a slag stirring impeller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 13 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the feeding, slagging and decoking method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of a slag level measurement and control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Label name Label name 1 Boiler body 2 Spray dust collector 3 Feed reduction motor 4 Self-isolating rotary wheel feeder 5 Independent slag removal and decoking combustion device 6 Loading plate 7 Rack frame 8 Electric igniter 9 Main water jacket 10 Auxiliary water jacket 11 Main water chamber 12 water inlet 13 water outlet 14 Water temperature probe 15 furnace 16 Basket-type burner 17 Feed port 18 Tubular heat exchanger 19 flue pipe 20 Smoke temperature probe 21 Adjustable air pressure switch 22 Separated outer ring 23 Float valve 24 Dust removal tank 25 Smoke bath pipe 26 Variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 27 Float type water level switch 28 filter 29 Dust removal pump 30 Water supply solenoid valve 31 Furnace feed port 32 Spiral nozzle 33 Sprinkler pipe maintenance window 34 Humidification solenoid valve 35 Humidification tube 36 slag bucket 37 Spiral slag discharger 38 stator 39 rotor 40 stator housing 41 Feed hopper 42 stator inner shell 43 Discharge port 44 tailgate 45 Blanking inclined tube 46 Fuel cutting blades 47 Front fender 48 Nut 49 axis 50 rotor cover 51 Isolation Block 52 bearings 53 Driven sprocket 54 Flame detection head 55 Slag stirring impeller 56 bearing seat 57 Slag stirring reduction motor 58 Transmission gear set 59 Coke breaking rod 60 ventilation holes 61 Sealing blade 62 Coke breaking induction stud 63 Broken coke inductive proximity switch 64 Reverse spiral blades 65 Auxiliary water chamber 66 Feed induction stud 67 Water tank maintenance window 68 Atmospheric communication pipe 69 driving sprocket 70 Feed inductive proximity switch A 71 Feed inductive proximity switch B 72 Water inlet main 73 Anti-slip flange 74 Clean flue gas pipe 75 Auxiliary water jacket outlet 76 optical path 77 Slag stirring shaft

[0046] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 13As shown, a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler includes a frame outer frame 7, a load-bearing plate 6 fixed on the frame outer frame 7, and a boiler body 1 fixed on the load-bearing plate 6. The boiler body 1 is composed of a main water jacket 9 and a secondary water jacket 10. The main water jacket 9 is a special heat exchange system for heating. The main water jacket 9 has a main water chamber 11 in the interlayer. The main water chamber 11 has a water inlet 12 at the bottom and a water outlet 13 at the top. The main water chamber 11 is provided with a water temperature probe 14, and a pressure gauge and a water level gauge required for safety. The water temperature probe 14 uses a Pt100 integrated temperature sensor transmitter probe with a power supply of 24V and an output of 0~10V of -50℃~150℃. The connection method with the peripheral systems is as follows: the water inlet main pipe 72 is connected to the tap water pipe. When the heating system adopts free circulation, the water inlet 12 is connected to the return water main of the heating system, and the water outlet Port 13 is connected to the water inlet main of the heating system; when the heating system adopts forced circulation, a circulating water pump of appropriate size shall be added to the heating system main, and the water pump power line shall be connected to the intelligent controller as required. At this time, the circulating water pump shall be under the unified management of the intelligent controller. In addition, the heating system shall also include an expansion water tank and an automatic water supply valve; the auxiliary water jacket 10 is a domestic water heat exchange system, and the auxiliary water jacket 10 is provided with a float valve 23, which can replenish tap water in time according to the domestic water consumption. The atmospheric connecting pipe and the pressure gauge and water level gauge required for safety can provide safety for the domestic hot water system. The auxiliary water jacket outlet 75 is connected to the wash basin hot water outlet 75. The faucet is connected. Since it is a static pressure water supply, the height of the faucet and its pipeline cannot exceed the height of the atmospheric communication pipe 68; as another option, the outer ring 22 separating the main water jacket 9 and the auxiliary water jacket 10 can be cancelled and merged into a single heating water jacket according to user needs. At this time, the water outlet 13 of the main water jacket 9 and the auxiliary water jacket outlet 75 of the auxiliary water jacket 10 need to be blocked, and the atmospheric communication pipe 68 of the auxiliary water jacket 10 is changed to the water outlet of the water jacket; the inner cavity of the main water jacket 9 is a furnace 15, and the lower part of the furnace 15 is equipped with a basket-type combustion barrel 16, the middle part is provided with a furnace feed port 31, and the upper part is provided with a pipe-type heat exchanger 18. The flue gas channel in the middle of the heat exchanger 18 is merged with the flue gas pipe 19 through a reducing pipe and is then led out from the auxiliary water jacket 10. Therefore, the entire high-temperature area is wrapped by the water jacket, and the heat exchange effect is better. A flue gas temperature probe 20 is also provided on the flue gas pipe 19 to provide flue gas data for the combustion system. The flue gas temperature probe 20 uses a Pt100 integrated temperature sensor transmitter probe with a temperature range of 0°C to 400°C, a power supply of 24V, and an output of 0~10V; a pressure signal tube is led out from the flue gas pipe 19 and connected to the negative pressure end of an adjustable wind pressure switch 21. The wind pressure switch is preferably an adjustable wind pressure switch of 50~500Pa, and the signal takes a normally open contact.

[0050] Example 2:

[0051] like Figure 1 picture, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the upper part of the dust removal water tank 24 of the spray dust collector 2 is connected to the flue gas bathing pipe 25 and the clean flue gas pipe 74 respectively; the other end of the flue gas bathing pipe 25 is connected to the flue gas pipe 19; the other end of the clean flue gas pipe 74 is connected to the inlet of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26; the outlet of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26 is discharged into the atmosphere through a pipe; a float type water level switch 27 is provided in the dust removal water tank 24, which adopts a stainless steel float type induction water level switch, and a filter screen 28 is also installed in the water tank 24, and the filter screen 28 is connected to the external dust removal water pump 29 The inlet and the outlet of the water supply solenoid valve 30 are connected, so that when water is supplied, the filter 28 can be backwashed, and the dust removal water is pressurized by the dust removal water pump 29 and then formed into a fan-shaped water mist by the spiral nozzle 32 to bathe the flue gas for dust removal. The clean flue gas after bathing is discharged through the clean flue gas pipe 74, and the bathing water is filtered by the filter 28 and circulated again by the water pump. The gray water sinks to the funnel mouth at the bottom of the water tank due to its specific gravity. The funnel mouth at the bottom of the water tank is connected to the humidification solenoid valve 34. The humidification solenoid valve 34 is controlled by the intelligent controller to open in a pulsating manner according to the amount of ash discharged by the boiler. The ash water flows into the slag hopper 36 through the humidifying pipe 35 to extinguish the combustion, cool down and moisten the high-temperature ash coke, and then is directly discharged into the ash collecting bag through the outlet of the spiral slag discharger 37. When the ash collecting bag is full, a new ash collecting bag is replaced. This not only properly disposes of the ash and dust removal water, but also plays a role in fire prevention and dust prevention. At the outlet of the spiral slag discharger 37, several groups of reverse spiral blades 64 are provided in the opposite direction to the mainstream rotary blades. The purpose is to increase the uniformity of the dryness and wetness of the ash. The dryness and wetness of the ash can be set on the intelligent controller. When the water level of the dust removal water tank 24 is lower than that of the mainstream rotary blades 64, the ash water level in the dust removal water tank 24 is lower than that of the mainstream rotary blades 64. When the float water level switch 27 is in action, the water replenishment solenoid valve 30 automatically opens to replenish tap water, so that a certain water level is always maintained in the dust removal water tank 24 and the cleanliness of the dust removal water is maintained; the flue gas bathing pipe 25 and the dust removal water tank 24 are both provided with maintenance windows to facilitate the inspection and replacement of internal accessories; the dust removal water pump 29 adopts a 24V, 40W, 9M silent isolation high-temperature water pump produced by Shenzhen Youpump Technology Co., Ltd. The maximum particle passing capacity of this water pump is ≤2.5mm, and the filter screen 28 can be made of 10-mesh stainless steel plain mesh.

[0052] Example 3:

[0053] like Figure 1 picture, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14As shown, the slag stirring impeller 55 of the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device 5 is connected to the slag stirring shaft 77 and is installed on the supporting plate 6 through two bearing seats 56. The slag stirring reduction motor 57 installed on the supporting plate 6 drives the slag stirring shaft 77 and the slag stirring impeller 55 through the transmission gear set 58. The blades of the slag stirring impeller 55 are all opened from the middle and are equipped with a rotatable coke breaking rod 59. The coke breaking rod 59 is extended into the basket-type combustion barrel 16. There is a sealing blade 61 on the slag stirring impeller 55. Due to this restriction, the rotation of the slag stirring shaft 77 and the slag stirring impeller 55 will not exceed one circle. The slag stirring impeller 55 is installed at the bottom of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 and blocks most of the bottom area, so that the high-temperature slag and fuel will not leak into the slag hopper 36 in full, so as to maintain the necessary The required combustion conditions; the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is covered with ventilation holes 60 all around, and these through holes have the combustion-aiding functions of primary and secondary air holes. The characteristic of this burner is that there is no obvious distinction between the primary and secondary air holes. According to the usual classification method, the through holes below the ash and fuel are primary air holes, and the through holes above the ash and fuel are secondary air holes. The primary and secondary air holes have different definitions and functions depending on the height of the ash and fuel. The advantage of this basket-type combustion barrel 16 is that the secondary air tracks and sticks to the high-temperature flame zone, which is conducive to the rapid participation of the secondary air in the combustion reaction, avoiding the secondary air being too far away from the flame zone, the smoke temperature being lowered and the combustion reaction conditions not being met, but increasing the excess air coefficient of the flue gas and taking away the heat; the electric igniter 8 is inserted into the basket-type combustion barrel 16 and is responsible for normal ignition and re-ignition after flameout.

[0054] Example 4:

[0055] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14As shown, a feeding method for a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler is provided, which is as follows: when the feed sensing stud 66 rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch A70, corresponding to the isolation block 51 being at the start feeding position, the intelligent controller starts the feed reduction motor 3 continuously or in a jog manner according to the combustion conditions, and then drives the isolation block 51 to push the fuel into the drop inclined tube 45 and the furnace 15, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the feed amount; when the feed sensing stud 66 rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch B71, corresponding to the isolation block 51 being at the end feeding position, the intelligent controller continuously starts the feed reduction motor 3, so that the feeder rotates to the start feeding position again, and the cycle continues; each time the driving wheel rotates one circle, the isolation blocks 51 corresponding to different ones are always in the same working position; the fuel cutting blade 46 can cut large amounts of fuel, reducing the load of the feed reduction motor 3;

[0056] When the feed rate needs to be reduced due to load reduction, two methods of hardware and software control are used together to achieve this: one is to achieve this through a second-level inching feed mode. When the transmission ratio of the driving sprocket 69 to the driven sprocket 53 is 5, when the driving sprocket 69 rotates 10°, the driven sprocket 53 only rotates 2°. In this way, the isolation block 51 can micro-control the amount of fuel pushed into the blanking inclined tube 45; the second is to detect the blanking situation in real time through the feature that the optical path 76 of the flame detection head 54 is the same as that of the blanking inclined tube 45. When there is too much material, the fuel particles will inevitably block the flame signal received by the flame detection head 54 when passing through the falling material inclined tube 45, so that the output signal of the flame detection head 5 forms a number of pulse signals proportional to the feeding number. When the number of pulses received by the intelligent controller is greater than a given value, the feeding is stopped immediately. Similarly, when there is no falling material during the feeding process, the flame pulse signal received by the intelligent controller does not change, and the feeding time is increased. Through the mutual cooperation and mutual complementation of the above two methods, each feeding action can be achieved accurately.

[0057] When the machine is shut down or the power is off, no matter where the isolation block 51 stops, the blanking inclined tube 45 can be completely isolated from the outlet of the feed hopper 41 to prevent backfire; when the blanking inclined tube 45 and the furnace 15 are blocked, the flame detection head 54 stops running and alarms due to the failure to detect flame; when fuel in the blanking inclined tube 45 catches fire, the temperature control switch in the flame detection head 54 stops running and alarms due to high temperature.

[0058] Example 5:

[0059] like Figure 11 、 Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the slag removal and coke breaking method of the fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler, when the boiler uses straw fuel and when the furnace temperature exceeds 900°C, will cause large-scale coking, usually forming a coking layer similar to a bridge or a roof in the combustion chamber. At this time, the slag stirring reduction motor 57 can drive the rotation of the slag stirring impeller 55 to complete the slag removal and coke breaking operations. A slag removal action consists of a clockwise rotation plus a counterclockwise rotation, and a direction control time is added to the clockwise direction, that is, the clockwise rotation time is greater than the counterclockwise rotation time. Therefore, the overall direction of rotation of the slag stirring impeller 55 is clockwise. After multiple slag removal actions, the sealing blade 61 will inevitably push The coke-breaking rod 59 rotates in the clockwise direction, and the coke blocks are cut while rotating. The broken coke blocks fall into the working area of ​​the slag stirring impeller 55 and are further crushed and discharged by the blades. As the coke-breaking sensing stud 62 rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking sensing proximity switch 63, a coke-breaking process ends. Then the program adjusts the slag discharge action to counterclockwise rotation plus clockwise rotation, and adds a direction control time in the counterclockwise direction. After multiple slag discharge actions, the sealing blade 61 pushes the coke-breaking rod 59 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction to break the coke again. Until the coke-breaking sensing stud 62 rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking sensing proximity switch 63, another coke-breaking process ends, and the cycle continues.

[0060] Example 6:

[0061] like Figure 15As shown, the method for detecting and controlling the slag level in the furnace of a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler is characterized in that: when the furnace 15 is well sealed, the exhaust fan is used at a certain speed or a certain exhaust volume to measure the slag level in the furnace by utilizing the amount of the through hole of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 covered by the slag to cause the change in the air intake volume and the change in the pressure on the furnace, and then quantitatively control the slag discharge speed according to the measured result; the method comprises the following steps: first, determining the normal slag level and the action critical point of the adjustable wind pressure switch 21, specifically, The slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is adjusted to a position where combustion is good, usually at 2 / 3, so that the ventilation hole 60 is covered by 2 / 3, and the speed of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan 26 is adjusted to a specific speed, usually a speed under 50Hz, and then the knob of the adjustable air pressure switch 21 is gradually adjusted from a high negative pressure value to a low negative pressure value until the normally open contact of the switch is just connected. At this time, the negative pressure value in the furnace and the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 are determined by the state of the air pressure switch. Secondly, when the boiler is operating normally, there is a slag level detection subroutine that is executed regularly in its controller program. When the program is executed, the exhaust fan is adjusted to a specific speed and then the switch state of the adjustable wind pressure switch 21 is read. When the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is lower than 2 / 3, the number of the ventilation holes 60 increases, and the amount of air entering the furnace increases. When the exhaust air volume is constant, the negative pressure value of the furnace is low, the wind pressure normally open contact is not connected, and the read switch state is 0. At this time, the control program stops or reduces the working time of the slag stirring motor, so that the amount of slag discharged by the slag stirring impeller 55 is reduced; conversely, when the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel 16 is higher than 2 / 3, the number of its effective through holes is reduced, and the amount of air entering the furnace is reduced. When the exhaust volume is constant, the furnace negative pressure value is high, the wind pressure normally open contact is connected, and the switch state read is 1. At this time, the control program starts or increases the working time of the slag stirring motor to increase the amount of slag discharged by the slag stirring impeller 55. Regardless of the fuel parameters or load changes, the above method can be used to maintain the optimal combustion slag position in the furnace for a long time and stably; if the read signal is a normally closed contact, the logic is inverted; similarly, two sets of adjustable wind pressure switches can be set, and respectively adjusted to two state points of high slag position and low slag position, so that the program can control the boiler slag position between the two points to improve the accuracy of slag discharge and the stability of combustion.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present invention description and drawings under the concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler, characterized by: The invention comprises a boiler body (1), a spray dust collector (2), a feed reduction motor (3), a self-isolating rotary feeder (4), an autonomous slag removal and decoking combustion device (5), a spiral slag discharger (37), a variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan (26) and an intelligent controller; the boiler body (1) is fixed on a bearing plate (6), the bearing plate (6) is fixed on an outer frame (7), the boiler body (1) is composed of a main water jacket (9) and a secondary water jacket (10), and the boiler body (1) is a heat exchange component of the boiler; the spray dust collector (2) is installed after the exhaust pipe of the boiler body (1) and is a component for treating the boiler flue gas; the feed reduction motor (3) is installed on the bearing plate (6), and its power output shaft is connected to the main water jacket (9) and the auxiliary water jacket (10). Two sets of sprocket chains, one set drives the self-isolating rotary feeder (4), and the other set drives the spiral slag discharger (37); the self-isolating rotary feeder (4) is a feeding device for accurately providing fuel to the boiler; the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device (5) is installed at the lower part of the boiler body (1), and its main function is to support boiler combustion, slag discharge and decoking; the spiral slag discharger (37) is installed at the lower part of the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device (5), and mainly pushes the ash discharged by the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device (5) into the ash collection bag continuously and online; the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan (26) is installed after the spray dust collector (2), and its main function is to provide the required air for boiler combustion by exhausting; The self-isolating rotary feeder (4) comprises a stator (38) and a rotor (39), wherein a feed port (17) is provided on the side of the stator housing (40), the outside of the feed port (17) is connected to the discharge port of the feed hopper (41), and a fuel cutting blade (46) is installed on the upper edge of the feed port (17); a discharge port (43) is provided on the upper part of the stator inner housing (42), the lower part of the discharge port (43) is connected to the drop inclined pipe (45), and the rear side of the stator housing (40) is connected to the rear side of the stator inner housing (42). The stator housing (40), the stator inner housing (42) and the front baffle (47) have a common axis, and a shaft (49) for positioning the rotor (39) is led out through the axis. The outer end of the shaft (49) has a thread to facilitate locking the rotor (39) with a nut (48). 4 to 8 isolation blocks (51) are evenly fixed on the rotor cover (50). The rotor cover (50) ) and the isolation block (51), embedded in the annular groove formed by the stator outer shell (40) and the stator inner shell (42), and can rotate freely under the support of the shaft (49) and the bearing (52), and the gap between the dynamic and static parts is between 0.5mm and 1.5mm; a driven sprocket (53) driven by the driving sprocket (69) is fixed on the outside of the rotor, and the transmission ratio of the driving sprocket (69) to the driven sprocket (53) is equal to the number of the isolation blocks (51); the blanking inclined tube (45) The stator housing (40) is connected to the furnace feed port (31); a peephole is provided on the top of the stator housing (40) for installing a flame detection head (54); a feed sensing stud (66) is provided on the output shaft of the feed reduction motor (3), and a feed sensing proximity switch A (70) and a feed sensing proximity switch B (71) are respectively installed on the trajectory of the feed sensing stud (66) rotating with the shaft, and when the feed sensing stud (66) approaches the sensing head of the corresponding feed sensing proximity switch, the switch is triggered and actuated.

2. The fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 1 is characterized by: The main water chamber (11) is located in the interlayer of the main water jacket (9) of the boiler body (1). The main water chamber (11) is provided with a water inlet (12) at the bottom and a water outlet (13) at the top. The main water chamber is provided with a water temperature probe (14). The inner cavity of the main water jacket is a furnace (15). A basket-type combustion barrel (16) is provided at the bottom of the furnace. A furnace feed port (31) is provided in the middle. A pipe-type heat exchanger (18) is provided at the top. The upper part of the pipe-type heat exchanger (18) is the auxiliary water jacket (10). The flue gas channel in the middle of the pipe-type heat exchanger (18) is connected to the main water jacket. After merging with the flue gas pipe (19) through the reducer, the flue gas is led out from the auxiliary water jacket (10); a flue gas temperature probe (20) is provided on the flue gas pipe (19), and a pressure signal pipe is led out of the flue gas pipe (19) and connected to the negative pressure end of the adjustable wind pressure switch (21); the outer separation ring (22) of the tubular heat exchanger (18) serves as the separation surface between the main water chamber (11) and the auxiliary water chamber (65); the auxiliary water jacket (10) is provided with a float valve (23), an auxiliary water jacket outlet (75) and an atmosphere communication pipe (68).

3. The fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 2 is characterized by: The separating outer ring (22) of the tubular heat exchanger (18) can be eliminated, so that the main water chamber (11) and the auxiliary water chamber (65) are combined into a single water chamber.

4. The fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 1 is characterized by: The upper part of the dust removal water tank (24) of the spray dust collector (2) is connected to the flue gas washing pipe (25) and the clean flue gas pipe (74) respectively; the other end of the flue gas washing pipe (25) is connected to the flue gas pipe (19); the other end of the clean flue gas pipe (74) is connected to the inlet of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan (26); a float type water level switch (27) and a filter (28) are provided in the dust removal water tank (24); the filter (28) is connected to the inlet of the external dust removal water pump (29) and the outlet of the water supply solenoid valve (30), and the dust removal water tank (24) is provided with a floating ball water level switch (27) and a filter (28). The filter (28) is connected to the inlet of the external dust removal water pump (29) and the outlet of the water supply solenoid valve (30). The outlet of the dust removal water pump (29) is connected to the spiral nozzle (32) in the flue gas bathing pipe (25) through a water pipe, and the flue gas bathing pipe (25) is provided with a spray pipe maintenance window (33); the bottom of the dust removal water tank (24) is funnel-shaped, and the funnel mouth is connected to the inlet of the humidification solenoid valve (34), and the outlet of the humidification solenoid valve (34) is connected to the slag hopper (36) through the humidification pipe (35), and the slag outlet of the slag hopper (36) is connected to the spiral slag discharger (37); the dust removal water tank (24) is provided with a water tank maintenance window (67).

5. The fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 2 is characterized by: The slag stirring impeller (55) of the autonomous slag discharge and decoking combustion device (5) is connected to the slag stirring shaft (77) and is installed on the carrier plate (6) through two bearing seats (56). The slag stirring reduction motor (57) installed on the carrier plate (6) drives the slag stirring impeller (55) to rotate through a transmission gear set (58). The slag stirring impeller (55) is installed at the bottom of the basket-type combustion barrel (16). The coke breaking rod (59) extends into the basket-type combustion barrel (16), and the electric igniter (8) also extends into the basket-type combustion barrel (16); the basket-type combustion barrel (16) is an upper A hollow barrel with no lid and no bottom, in the shape of an inverted truncated cone, or an inverted quadrangular cone, or a square top and a circular bottom, or a circular top and a square bottom, or a circular top and a elliptical bottom, or a square top and a elliptical bottom, and a barrel body covered with ventilation holes (60) with a diameter of 3mm to 20mm. The bottom plane of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) extends along the diameter line of the circle, or the center line of the opposite side of the square, or the long axis of the ellipse, and two semicircular notches corresponding to the diameter of the slag stirring shaft (77) are cut out on the edge of the combustion barrel to position or support the basket-type combustion barrel (16) on the slag stirring shaft. (77); the slag stirring impeller (55) adopts a forward and reverse rotation method to discharge ash and remove coke, the radial projection profile of the slag stirring impeller (55) is consistent with the shape of the bottom of the basket-type combustion barrel (16), and after assembly, the axis of the slag stirring impeller (55) coincides with the plane of the barrel bottom, and ensures that the slag stirring impeller (55) can rotate freely, the number of blades of the slag stirring impeller (55) should be between 5 and 15, all blades open in the radial direction of the middle extension axis, and are equipped with the coke breaking rod (59) that can rotate around the slag stirring shaft (77), and the coke breaking rod (59) has a The hole on the slag stirring shaft (77) has a sealing blade (61) in the opening blade, which is restricted by the sealing blade (61) and the coke-breaking rod (59) so that the rotation of the slag stirring impeller (55) does not exceed one circle; a coke-breaking induction stud (62) is provided on the slag stirring shaft (77), and a coke-breaking induction proximity switch (63) is installed on the trajectory of the coke-breaking induction stud (62) rotating with the slag stirring shaft (77), and when the coke-breaking induction stud (62) approaches the induction head of the coke-breaking induction proximity switch (63), the switch is triggered and operates.

6. The fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 1 is characterized by: The spiral slag discharger (37) has a driven sprocket (53) driven by the driving sprocket (69); 1 to 6 groups of non-continuous reverse spiral blades (64) with a rotation direction opposite to the main flow blades are provided on the spiral shaft of the slag discharger near the outlet end, and each group of the reverse spiral blades (64) is less than one circle; and a circle of anti-slip flanges (73) for tightening the ash bag opening is provided on the outer side of the slag discharge port edge.

7. A feeding method for a fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprising: when the feed sensing stud (66) rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch A (70), the isolation block (51) is at the starting feeding position, and then the intelligent controller starts the feed reduction motor continuously or in a jog manner according to the combustion condition, thereby driving the isolation block (51) to The fuel is pushed into the drop tube (45) and the furnace (15) to achieve the purpose of controlling the feed amount; when the feed sensing stud (66) rotates to the position of the feed sensing proximity switch B (71), the isolation block (51) is at the end feed position, and then the intelligent controller continuously starts the feed reduction motor (3) to rotate the feeder to the start feed position again, and the cycle continues; each time the driving wheel rotates one circle, the isolation block (51) corresponding to each rotation is always at the same working position; When the feed amount needs to be reduced due to load reduction, two methods of hardware equipment and software control are used to achieve this. One method is to achieve this through a second-level inching feed mode: when the transmission ratio of the driving sprocket (69) and the driven sprocket (53) is 5, when the driving sprocket (69) rotates 10°, the driven sprocket (53) only rotates 2°, so that the isolation block (51) can micro-control the amount of fuel pushed into the blanking inclined tube (45); the other method is to use the optical path (76) of the flame detection head (54) The feature of being in the same path as the dropping inclined tube (45) allows for real-time detection of the dropping situation: when too much material is dropped, the flame signal received by the flame detection head (54) will inevitably be blocked while the fuel particles pass through the dropping inclined tube (45), thereby forming a number of pulse signals proportional to the number of feeds at the flame detection output. When the number of pulses received by the intelligent controller is greater than a given value, the feeding is stopped immediately. Similarly, when there is no dropping during the feeding process, if the flame pulse signal received by the intelligent controller does not change, a feeding time amount will be increased. Through the mutual cooperation and complementation of the above two methods, each feeding action can be achieved accurately; When the machine is shut down or the power is cut off, no matter where the isolation block (51) stops, the blanking inclined tube (45) and the outlet of the feed hopper (41) can be completely isolated to prevent backfire; when the blanking inclined tube (45) and the furnace (15) are blocked, the flame detection head (54) stops running and alarms due to the inability to detect flames; when fuel is ignited in the blanking inclined tube (45), the temperature control switch in the flame detection head (54) stops running and alarms due to high temperature.

8. A method for slagging and coke breaking using the fully intelligent, unattended straw biomass small boiler according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent controller reads the position state of the coke-breaking inductive proximity switch (63), and then controls and drives the slag-stirring reduction motor (57) to drive the slag-stirring impeller (55) to complete the slag discharge and coke-breaking operations; A slag discharge action consists of a clockwise rotation plus a counterclockwise rotation, and a direction control time is added to the clockwise direction, that is, the clockwise rotation time is greater than the counterclockwise rotation time, so the overall direction of rotation of the slag stirring impeller (55) is clockwise. After multiple slag discharge actions, the sealing blade (61) will inevitably rotate to and push the coke breaking rod (59) to rotate in the clockwise direction. While the coke breaking rod (59) rotates, it cuts the coke blocks in the middle and upper parts of the basket-type combustion barrel (16), and the broken coke blocks fall into the working area of ​​the slag stirring impeller (55) and are removed by the blade. The wheel further crushes and discharges the coke. As the coke-breaking induction stud (62) rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking induction proximity switch (63), a coke-breaking process ends. Then the program adjusts the slag discharge action to counterclockwise rotation plus clockwise rotation, and adds a direction control time in the counterclockwise direction. After multiple slag discharge actions, the sealing blade (61) pushes the coke-breaking rod (59) to rotate counterclockwise to break the coke again until the coke-breaking induction stud (62) rotates to the position that triggers the coke-breaking induction proximity switch (63). Another coke-breaking process ends, and the cycle continues.

9. A method for detecting and controlling slag level in a small straw biomass boiler using the fully intelligent, unattended method of claim 5, characterized by: When the furnace (15) is relatively airtight, the exhaust fan is operated at a certain speed or a certain exhaust volume, and the change in the air intake caused by the amount of the ventilation hole (60) of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) being covered by the slag causes a change in the pressure on the furnace to measure the height of the furnace slag level, and then the slag discharge speed is closed-loop controlled according to the measured result; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the normal slag level and the critical point of the action of the adjustable wind pressure switch (21), specifically, adjusting the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) to the combustion level; A good position is usually at 2 / 3, so that the ventilation hole (60) below the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) is covered, and above the slag level is an effective through hole, the speed of the variable frequency speed regulation exhaust fan (26) is adjusted to a specific speed, usually a speed under 50Hz, and then the knob of the adjustable air pressure switch (21) is gradually adjusted from a high negative pressure value to a low negative pressure value until the normally open contact of the switch is just connected. At this time, the negative pressure value in the furnace and the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) are determined by the state of the air pressure switch; secondly, when the boiler is normal, During operation, the intelligent controller program includes a slag position detection subroutine that is executed at a fixed time. When the program is executed, the exhaust fan is adjusted to a rotation speed of 50 Hz and then the switch state of the adjustable wind pressure switch (21) is read. When the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) is lower than 2 / 3, the number of effective through holes increases, and the amount of air entering the furnace increases. When the exhaust air volume is constant, the negative pressure value of the furnace is low, the wind pressure normally open contact is not connected, and the read switch state is 0. At this time, the control program stops or reduces the working time of the slag stirring motor, so that the amount of slag discharged by the slag stirring impeller (55) is reduced. Decrease; on the contrary, when the slag level of the basket-type combustion barrel (16) is higher than 2 / 3, the number of its effective through holes is reduced, and the air volume entering the furnace is reduced. When the exhaust volume is constant, the negative pressure value of the furnace is high, the wind pressure normally open contact is connected, and the read switch state is 1. At this time, the control program starts or increases the working time of the slag stirring motor to increase the amount of slag discharged by the slag stirring impeller (55). Regardless of the fuel parameters or load changes, the above method can be used to keep the optimal combustion slag level in the furnace for a long time and stably; if the read signal is a normally closed contact, the logic of the intelligent controller program is inverted.

10. The fully intelligent and unattended straw biomass small boiler slag level detection and control method according to claim 9 is characterized in that: Alternatively, two sets of the adjustable air pressure switches (21) can be provided and respectively set to two state points, namely, a high slag level and a low slag level, so that the intelligent controller program can control the boiler slag level between the two points to improve the accuracy of slag discharge and the stability of combustion.

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