Reciprocating Shearing Straw Rubbing Machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a processing mechanical device that mainly longitudinally shears and rubs thick and straight plant-type straws such as corn and king grass. This mechanical device is a reciprocating shearing straw rubbing machine, including a shearing and rubbing mechanism, a moving knife driving mechanism, an offset driving mechanism, and a feeding chute arranged at the feeding port. After the straw material enters the feeding chute, it is forced to move with the feeding chute, greatly increasing the chance of being longitudinally cut in an orderly manner; the shearing and rubbing mechanism consists of a moving knife assembly and a fixed knife assembly arranged inside the feeding port. Among them, the moving knife assembly is connected to the moving knife driving mechanism and makes a cutting fit with the fixed knife assembly and the feeding chute. The straw material is merged and completed with truncation, shortening, silkification, and rubbing within the fence-type working area composed of multiple fixed knife assemblies, realizing the formation of high-quality soft filaments from the processed straw material, and greatly improving the palatability of the straw feed for livestock.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and relates to a feed processing mechanical device for longitudinally cutting thick and straight crop straws such as corn straws and Pennisetum sinese Roxb. and forming them into flexible filamentous shapes. Background Art

[0002] Currently known straw shredding machines generally use hammer blades on a rotor assembly in cooperation with a fixed knife to longitudinally pound and cut the straw; for another example, a fence-type straw shredding machine (ZL200720031272.3) uses a cutting blade roller and multiple fence components in cooperation to longitudinally shear the straw. The structures of both methods are to arrange the hammer blades at intervals along the axial direction of the rotor or roller and cooperate with the fixed knife to implement shearing. The straw is input radially along the rotor and longitudinally cut, but neither can directly achieve an ideal filamentation effect on the straw.

[0003] The above-mentioned pre-positioned longitudinal cutting structure cannot make the straw meet the filamentation requirements. The main reason is that the knife spacing cannot be set as wide as the ideal filament width, and the knife spacing must be set relatively wide and fixed. In this way, the parts of the straw that can be longitudinally cut in the transverse section are relatively fixed and restricted. For example: assuming that the adjacent spacing of each blade is 3 cm, when the diameter of the transverse section of the straw is equal to or less than 3 cm, there is only one longitudinal cutting point of the moving knife on the transverse section of the straw. Therefore, most of the straw materials after longitudinal cutting and breaking are in the form of thick bodies such as strips, slices, and blocks with different lengths and sizes.

[0004] The rotor assemblies and cutting blade rollers of the above two and similar-structured shearing devices both adopt a single-direction 360-degree rotation method. The uncut long and thick straws follow the driving of the hammer blades or blades and wind around the rotor assembly and the cutting blade roller along the rotation direction. The hammer blades or blades are surrounded and covered by the straw and form an integral body with the rotor and lose their function; the rotor is braked due to the accumulation of straw winding to a certain extent and the generation of a huge frictional resistance with the fixed knife or rack on the inner wall of the working cavity, resulting in machine jamming.

[0005] The fence-type straw shredding machine passes all the sheared straws through the gaps formed by the fence components with the function of a fixed knife. Due to focusing on the filamentation and rubbing effect of the straw, no overload discharge outlet is set. Therefore, the slender filamentous bodies formed by shearing will continuously hang and accumulate on the edges of each fixed knife in the fence components, causing the gaps to gradually become narrow. When the gaps are completely blocked, the moving blade is unable to overcome its strong resistance and shear through, resulting in machine jamming. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a reciprocating shearing type straw shredding machine that longitudinally cuts, filaments, rubs, and combines thick and straight crop straws.

[0007] The technical solution for implementing the above invention is as follows: The provided reciprocating shearing straw silkizer includes a shearing and kneading mechanism and a moving knife driving mechanism, and is characterized in that: it further includes an offset driving mechanism and a material swinging trough located outside the feed inlet, the offset driving mechanism is connected to the material swinging trough and drives the material swinging trough to make reciprocating movements; the moving knife driving mechanism includes a crank rocker mechanism, the shearing and kneading mechanism is composed of a moving knife assembly and fixed knife assemblies respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side inside the feed inlet, the moving knife assembly is connected to the moving knife driving mechanism and cooperates with the fixed knife assemblies and the material swinging trough.

[0008] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the offset driving mechanism includes a swing shaft, a driving swing plate, and a push-pull rod, wherein the swing shaft is fixedly connected to the driving swing plate, and both ends of the push-pull rod are movably connected to the driving swing plate and the material swinging trough respectively.

[0009] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the material swinging trough includes a feed trough bottom plate, left and right material pushing plates, a material swinging trough shaft, and bearings, wherein the left and right material pushing plates are arc-shaped plates and are respectively fixed on both sides of the feed trough bottom plate, the feed trough bottom plate is connected to the material swinging trough shaft and is assembled on the machine base through bearings, and a fixed low material pushing plate is arranged in the middle of the feed trough bottom plate.

[0010] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the material swinging trough is composed of a feed trough bottom plate, left and right material pushing plates fixed on both sides of the feed trough bottom plate, sliders, and linear slide rails fixed on the machine base, the sliders are integrally connected with the feed trough bottom plate and are slidably connected with the linear slide rails.

[0011] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the fixed knife assembly is composed of sheet-shaped fixed knives arranged at intervals and fixed on a strip-shaped substrate.

[0012] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the moving knife assembly includes a knife head seat and perforated blades, wherein the knife head seat is provided with a keyway shaft hole with a cylinder as the substrate, groups a, b,... are arranged on the surface of the cylinder at intervals and are arranged staggeredly along the direction of the shaft hole to fix blade brackets, and the perforated blades are installed on the blade brackets through bolts.

[0013] Based on the above, it is characterized in that: the knife head seat of the moving knife assembly is sleeved on the swing shaft through a flat key, and the knife head seat of the moving knife assembly is sleeved on the swing shaft through a flat key.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0015] 1. The straw follows the movement of the material swinging trough, is forced to be pushed and displaced, and the opportunity for the moving knife to longitudinally cut the straw is greatly increased, and the degree of straw silkification is greatly improved.

[0016] 2. It avoids the straw from winding around the moving knife assembly and blocking the fixed knife assembly, and solves the problem of machine jamming.

[0017] 3. The straw is longitudinally and orderly cut, and its hard nodules are completely destroyed, forming filamentous bodies with distinct order, fineness and softness, greatly improving the palatability of straw materials as feed, and increasing the feeding rate of livestock such as cattle and sheep and the utilization rate of crop straws. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic front view structure diagram of Embodiment 1;

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic top view structure diagram of Embodiment 1;

[0020] Figure 3 Schematic structure diagram of the tool head seat (1) of Embodiment 1;

[0021] (a) Front view of the tool head seat,

[0022] (b), (c) Side view of the tool head seat;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic structure diagram of the tool head seat (2) of Embodiment 1;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic structure diagram of Embodiment 2;

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic structure diagram of the feeding swing mechanism of Embodiment 2;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic structure diagram of the feeding rotary mechanism of Embodiment 2;

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic main structure diagram of Embodiment 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0028] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown, the reciprocating shearing type straw silk rubbing machine shown in this embodiment includes a machine base 1 and a feeding swing mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a shearing and rubbing mechanism, and a crank rocker mechanism installed on the machine base.

[0029] The feeding swing mechanism is as Figure 1 、 Figure 2 shown. The feeding swing mechanism includes an offset driving mechanism and a material swinging trough.

[0030] The offset driving mechanism consists of a swing shaft 6 installed on a bearing, a driving rocker plate 13, and a push-pull rod 15. The center of the driving rocker plate 13 is provided with a keyway hole, sleeved on the end of the swing shaft 6, and fixedly connected to the swing shaft 6 through a flat key and an axle nut.

[0031] The material placing chute is composed of a feeding chute bottom plate 21, two symmetrical pushing plates 25, a material placing chute shaft 19, bearings 18, and a connecting sleeve 20, and is placed outside the feeding port 7. The pushing plates 25 are arc-shaped plates, respectively fixed on both sides of the feeding chute bottom plate 21, forming a space channel for accommodating straw materials. The channel opening corresponds to the feeding port 7. The material placing chute shaft 19 is fixed at the bottom of the feeding chute bottom plate 21 and is horizontally fixed on the machine base 1 through the bearings 18; the push-pull rod 15 is respectively hinged to the driving rocker 13 and the connecting sleeve 20.

[0032] The offset driving mechanism is connected to the material placing chute and drives the material placing chute to swing reciprocally. Due to the pushing action of the arc-shaped plates of the pushing plates 25, the straw materials will be pushed and deviate from their original positions in both the feeding direction and the direction perpendicular to it.

[0033] The feeding mechanism is as Figure 1 shown. The feeding mechanism includes a driving rocker 13, a feeding push-pull rod 14, a feeding rocker 23, a feeding grasping shaft 24, and feeding grasping pieces 22. Among them, the feeding push-pull rod 14 is respectively hinged to the driving rocker 13 and the feeding rocker 23. The feeding rocker 23 is fixedly connected to the feeding grasping shaft 24. The feeding grasping pieces 22 are arranged and fixed along the axial direction of the feeding grasping shaft 24. The grasping shaft 24 is erected on the front end of the feeding hopper through a shaft sleeve.

[0034] The shearing and rubbing mechanism is composed of a moving knife assembly and a fixed knife assembly.

[0035] The moving knife assembly includes a knife head seat, a group a perforated blade 10a, a group b perforated blade 10b bolted to the knife head seat, and symmetrically arranged baffle and discharge plates 11.

[0036] The knife head seat (one) is as Figure 3 (a), (b), (c) shown. The knife head seat has a plurality of strip hole knife grooves 26a, strip hole knife grooves 26b,... with openings arranged at intervals in groups on the substrate 5. The strip hole knife grooves in the group a of strip hole knife grooves and the group b of strip hole knife grooves are misaligned. The strip hole knife grooves are formed as through strip grooves passing through one surface of the substrate 5 to the other surface; on the same side of each strip hole knife groove, blade brackets 9a, blade brackets 9b,... with double holes are arranged. The perforated blades 10a, perforated blades 10b are fixed on the blade brackets 9a, blade brackets 9b,... through bolts; the substrate 5 is provided with a connecting piece 16 for fixedly connecting the rocker 4.

[0037] The knife head seat (two) is as Figure 4As shown, the tool head seat is on one side of the outer surface of a cylinder with a keyway shaft hole as the substrate (5). Groups a, b... are provided with blade brackets 9a... and 9b... at intervals and offset along the direction of the cylinder shaft hole. The tool head seat is sleeved and fixed on the swing shaft (6) through a flat key. One end of the rocker 4 of the crank-rocker mechanism is connected to the connecting rod 3, and the other end is fixedly connected to one end of the swing shaft (6) to drive the swing shaft (6) and drive the tool head seat to make a reciprocating swing. The above two moving tool components form a split connection structure or an integral connection structure can be adopted between the substrate 5 of the tool head seat, the blade bracket 9a, the blade bracket 9b, and the rocker connecting piece 16.

[0038] The symmetrical baffle discharging plate 11 is connected to the substrate 5 on both sides through bolts. A single plate surface can cover the entire feeding port, which is used to block the unprocessed straw materials from being directly discharged. At the same time, the processed materials are scraped out by the raised ribs 17 on the plate surface.

[0039] The fixed tool component is composed of a strip-shaped substrate 8 and sheet-shaped fixed tools 12 arranged at intervals and fixed on the strip-shaped substrate 8. The fixed tool components can be symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides inside the feeding port.

[0040] As Figure 1 shown, for the fixed tools 12a and 12b, one end can be set in a "7"-shaped sharp angle in the same plane, and the sharp angle can be an acute angle or a right angle. During normal processing use, the fixed tool component is in a fixed open state; when a special effect of completely fine silkification of the processed straw is required, each fixed tool component can be flipped 180 degrees and fixed, and the two groups of fixed tools are butted and combined to form a closed fence-type shearing and kneading working area; one of the two groups of fixed tool components is flipped 180 degrees and arranged asymmetrically to form a semi-closed working area.

[0041] As Figure 2 shown, when the moving tool component and the fixed tool component are assembled, their tool intervals are staggered and arranged in an interspersed manner, that is, each blade of the moving tool component can sequentially pass through the interval gaps of the blades of the fixed tool component to form a shearing structure and implement shearing cooperation.

[0042] The crank-rocker mechanism is as Figure 1 shown. The crank-rocker mechanism is composed of a machine base 1, a crank 2, a connecting rod 3, and a rocker 4. The external power drives the crank 2 to rotate, causing the rocker 4 to swing. One end of the rocker 4 is fixedly connected to the connecting piece 16 on the substrate 5 through bolts. The other end of the rocker 4 has a pin slot round hole, which is sleeved on the swing shaft 6 and fixed to the swing shaft 6 through a flat key; the swing shaft 6 is fixed on the machine base 1 through a bearing.

[0043] When the crank 2 of the crank-rocker mechanism rotates, the rocker 4 and the swing shaft 6 make a swing through the connecting rod 3. The moving tool component and the material discharging groove both make reciprocating motions, and perform shearing cooperation with the fixed tool component and cutting cooperation with the material discharging groove at the same time.

[0044] Embodiment 2: AsFigure 5 As shown in the figure, the reciprocating shearing straw silk kneading machine shown in this embodiment includes a feeding swing mechanism, a shearing and kneading mechanism, and a crank rocker mechanism installed on the machine base 1.

[0045] Two forms of the feeding swing mechanism: (1). As Figure 5 shown, it consists of a swing shaft 6, a driving swing plate 13, a push-pull rod 15, and a feeding chute. The feeding chute consists of a feeding chute bottom plate 21, left and right pushing plates 25 fixed on both sides of the feeding chute bottom plate 21, sliders 27, and a linear slide rail 28 fixed on the machine base 1. The top of the slider 27 is integrally fixed to the bottom of the feeding chute bottom plate 21, and the slider 27 is placed in the slide rail 28. The push-pull rod 15 is respectively hinged to the driving swing plate 13 and the feeding chute bottom plate 21, and the feeding chute makes a reciprocating linear motion on the slide rail.

[0046] (2). As Figure 6 shown, the feeding swing mechanism includes a swing shaft 6, a driving swing plate 13, a push-pull rod 15, and a feeding chute. The feeding chute includes a feeding chute bottom plate 21, left and right pushing plates 25, a feeding chute shaft 19, and bearings 18, which are placed outside the feeding port 7. The left and right pushing plates 25 are symmetrically fixed on both sides of the feeding chute bottom plate 21 respectively, and are connected to the feeding chute bottom plate 21 as a whole through the upper top plate to form an accommodating space. The left and right pushing plates 25 are shaped as arc plates, and a fixed low pushing plate 29 is arranged in the middle of the feeding chute bottom plate 21. The feeding chute shaft 19 is fixed on the bent plate at a right angle to the horizontal at the bottom of the feeding chute bottom plate 21, and is vertically fixed on the machine base 1 through the bearing 18. The push-pull rod 15 is respectively hinged to the driving swing plate 13 and the connecting sleeve 20. The driving swing plate drives the feeding chute to swing left and right.

[0047] The shearing and kneading mechanism, as Figure 5 shown, is composed of a moving knife assembly and a fixed knife assembly.

[0048] The moving knife assembly includes a knife head seat, a group a perforated blade 10a, a group b perforated blade 10b bolted to the knife head seat, and symmetrically arranged baffle discharging plates 11.

[0049] The knife head seat is on a flat plate substrate 5. With the axis of the swing shaft 6 as the center of the circle, a plurality of rectangular strip hole knife grooves 26a, strip hole knife grooves 26b,... are arranged along different radial directions with different radii. The group of strip hole knife grooves 26a and the group of strip hole knife grooves 26b are staggeredly distributed in different radial directions, and the long sides of the rectangular strips are all arranged at the tangent points of the radius points. Blade brackets 9a, blade brackets 9b,... with double holes are arranged on the same side of the strip hole knife grooves 26a and the strip hole knife grooves 26b.

[0050] The fixed knife assembly is composed of a strip-shaped substrate 8 and sheet-shaped fixed knives 12 arranged at intervals and fixed on the strip-shaped substrate 8. The fixed knives 12 are arranged radially and evenly with the axis of the swing shaft 6 as the center and different radii, and the fixed knives 12a and 12b are fixed in the tangential direction of the radius. The fixed knife assembly is arranged on the upper and lower sides inside the feed inlet.

[0051] The moving knife assembly and the fixed knife assembly are assembled as in the first embodiment to form a shearing structure for shearing cooperation.

[0052] The crank-rocker mechanism is composed of a machine base 1, a crank 2, a connecting rod 3, and a rocker 4. One end of the rocker 4 is directly fixed to the substrate 5 by bolts, and the other end of the rocker 4 has a pin-slot round hole, which is sleeved on the swing shaft 6 and fixed to the swing shaft 6 by a flat key; the outer end of the swing shaft 6 is fixedly connected to the driving swing plate 13, and the swing shaft 6 is fixed to the machine base 1 through bearings and supports.

[0053] Embodiment 3: The reciprocating shearing type straw shredding machine shown in this embodiment includes a machine base and a feed swing mechanism, a shearing and rubbing mechanism, and a crank-slider mechanism installed on the machine base.

[0054] There are two forms of the feed swing mechanism:

[0055] (1) As shown in Figure 7 , it is a rotary feed swing mechanism. A swing material groove is formed by a crank 2, a crank 30, a feed trough bottom plate 21, and a pusher plate 25. The swing material groove is integrated with a connecting rod 31 to jointly form a double-crank mechanism. The swing material groove is placed outside the feed inlet 7. When the driving crank 2 works, the swing material groove can rotate without a fixed center, forcing the internal materials to shift.

[0056] (2) A driving mechanism or driving device with an independent power source can be adopted to connect the swing material groove to make it perform an active movement with a certain offset amplitude.

[0057] For example, a crank-slider mechanism, a screw mechanism, a push rod cam mechanism, a swing guide bar mechanism, a gear-rack swing mechanism, a swing cam mechanism, etc. in the prior art and their composed driving devices can be adopted.

[0058] The shearing and rubbing mechanism and the crank-slider mechanism are as shown in Figure 8 . The moving knife assembly includes a knife head seat, a group of perforated blades 10a, a group of perforated blades 10b bolted to the knife head seat, and symmetrically arranged discharge baffle plates 11.

[0059] The knife head seat is provided with blade brackets 9a... and 9b... at intervals and staggered in groups on one side of the substrate 5, and is connected to the slider 33 on the other side. A slide rail 32 is arranged on the inner side of the feed inlet 7. The slider 33 is respectively connected to the slide rail 32, the connecting rod 3, and the crank 2 to form a crank-slider mechanism.

[0060] The moving knife assembly makes a shearing fit with the fixed knife assembly inside the feed inlet 7. The connecting rod 31 with the function of a push-pull rod is respectively hinged to the material swinging trough and the crank 2, and the material swinging trough makes a cutting fit with the moving knife assembly.

[0061] In the shearing and kneading mechanisms in the above embodiments, one moving knife assembly and two fixed knife assemblies are provided. In addition, the structure of the shearing and kneading mechanism further includes a structure in which at least one moving knife assembly and two fixed knife assemblies are respectively provided.

Claims

1. A reciprocating shearing straw silk-making machine, comprising a shearing and kneading mechanism and a moving knife driving mechanism, characterized in that : It further includes an offset driving mechanism and a material swinging trough located outside the feeding port (7), and the offset driving mechanism is connected to the material swinging trough and drives the material swinging trough to perform reciprocating motion; The moving knife driving mechanism includes a crank-rocker mechanism. The shearing and kneading mechanism is composed of a moving knife assembly and fixed knife assemblies respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side inside the feeding port (7). The moving knife assembly is connected to the moving knife driving mechanism and cooperates with the fixed knife assemblies and the material swinging trough.

2. The reciprocating shearing straw rub and cut machine according to claim 1, wherein: The offset driving mechanism includes a swing shaft (6), a driving rocker plate (13), and a push-pull rod (15). The swing shaft (6) is fixedly connected to the driving rocker plate (13), and the two ends of the push-pull rod (15) are respectively movably connected to the driving rocker plate (13) and the material swinging trough.

3. The reciprocating shearing straw rub and cut machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material swinging trough includes a feeding trough bottom plate (21), left and right pushing plates (25), a material swinging trough shaft (19), and a bearing (18). The left and right pushing plates (25) are arc-shaped plates and are respectively fixed on both sides of the feeding trough bottom plate (21). The feeding trough bottom plate (21) is connected to the material swinging trough shaft (19) and is assembled on the machine base (1) through the bearing (18). A fixed low pushing plate (29) is arranged in the middle of the feeding trough bottom plate (21).

4. The reciprocating shearing straw rubbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material swinging trough is composed of a feeding trough bottom plate (21), left and right pushing plates (25) fixed on both sides of the feeding trough bottom plate (21), a slider (27), and a linear slide rail (28) fixed on the machine base (1). The slider (27) is integrated with the feeding trough bottom plate (21) and is slidably connected to the linear slide rail (28).

5. The reciprocating shearing straw rubbing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed knife assembly is composed of sheet-shaped fixed knives (12) arranged at intervals and fixed on a strip-shaped substrate (8).

6. The reciprocating shearing straw rub and cut machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving knife assembly includes a knife head seat and perforated blades (10a, 10b,...). The knife head seat has a keyway shaft hole with a cylinder as the substrate (5). On the surface of the cylinder, groups a, b,... are set, and blade brackets (9a, 9b,...) are fixed at intervals and staggered along the direction of the shaft hole. The perforated blades are installed on the blade brackets through bolts.

7. The reciprocating shearing straw rubbing machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The knife head seat of the moving knife assembly is sleeved on the swing shaft (6) through a flat key.

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