A special fertilizer for vegetables, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a special fertilizer for vegetables, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of fertilizer technology.The special fertilizer for vegetables comprises functional bacteria, bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents and mixed mineral particle carriers; the functional bacteria and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carriers; the functional bacteria comprise high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria; and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are laminarin and chlorogenic acid.The special fertilizer for vegetables has the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution, can meet the demand of vegetables for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in a whole growth season, has long-lasting fertilizer efficiency, balanced nutrient supply, can improve soil, overcome continuous cropping obstacles, enhance plant disease resistance, is environment-friendly, can improve the yield and quality of vegetables, and realizes sustainable production of high-quality vegetables.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizer, in particular to a special fertilizer for vegetables with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization. BACKGROUND

[0002] The inorganic nutrients necessary for plant growth are N, P and K (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium). Nitrogen is the main component of protein, nucleic acid and phospholipid, and these three are important components of protoplasm, cell nucleus and biological membrane, which play a special role in life activities. Among them, nitrogen is also known as the element of life. Vegetables have a large demand for N, P and K, and the purpose of fertilization in vegetable production is to meet their needs for the three elements.

[0003] In agricultural production, the supply of nitrogen fertilizer mainly comes from the application of human and animal manure, urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate and other fertilizers to the soil. Among them, except for human manure, all are chemically synthesized nitrogen fertilizers, i.e. synthetic ammonia. The phosphorus fertilizers commonly used are mainly superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate. The potassium fertilizers commonly used are mainly potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium phosphate (monopotassium phosphate, dihydrogen potassium phosphate, potassium polyphosphate, and potassium polyphosphate) and wood ash. Except for wood ash, all are chemical synthesis.

[0004] Since the 1950s of the 20th century, China has started to use chemical fertilizers (synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds and potassium compounds), and since the 1980s, the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers has made great contributions to agricultural production and income increase. However, after more than 40 years of large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, some defects such as soil acidification, salinization, infertility, hardening, low quality of agricultural products and aggravated surface pollution have gradually emerged. Therefore, according to the environmental and carrying capacity of cultivated land in China, sustainability, and differences in consumer demand, it is still a very difficult task to replace chemical fertilizers with biological organic fertilizers and organic fertilizers to ensure the supply, improve soil quality, and improve the quality of agricultural products.

[0005] It can be seen that in order to solve the above-mentioned soil acidification, salinization, infertility, low quality of agricultural products and aggravation of non-point source pollution and other defects, various improvement methods are proposed in the prior art, such as patent CN101709018A discloses a kind of large particle fertilizer, discloses the technical scheme of "according to the fertilizer requirement and fertilizer characteristics of different crops, compound fertilizer, controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen, potassium compound fertilizer, controlled release nitrogen, potassium compound fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer is made into 2-500 grams, the particle diameter is 2.5-12 centimeters", however, the large particle fertilizer is mainly made of inorganic and organic fertilizers, and long-term or multiple use will cause soil compaction and fertility decline; at the same time, the prior art proposes water-soluble fertilizer, which has the advantages of saving labor, saving water resources, convenient use and other advantages compared with ordinary fertilizer; the water-soluble fertilizer on the market includes drip irrigation, flushing and micro-irrigation, etc. While having the above advantages, water-soluble fertilizer also has some disadvantages of ordinary fertilizer; generally, the production raw materials of water-soluble fertilizer are also common nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient raw materials, only the water-soluble and insoluble residue are improved, and the form and physical and chemical properties of the nutrients are not essentially changed, which leads to the low utilization rate of ordinary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in water-soluble fertilizer in soil, among which a large amount of nitrogen nutrients are lost or denitrified into gaseous nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere, and phosphorus and potassium are fixed in the soil to become invalid state, at the same time, due to the convenience of application, farmers often overuse or overuse during application, which causes soil acidification, secondary salinization and frequent occurrence of soil-borne diseases.

[0006] Microbial fertilizer refers to a kind of product containing different kinds of living microorganisms, which can convert important nutrients that cannot be utilized into substances that can be absorbed and utilized by plants through the specific action of microorganisms, promote plant metabolism and regulate plant growth. The application of biological bacterial fertilizer to soil can effectively enhance the activity of soil microorganisms and promote the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms and increase the secretion amount of related enzymes. Because the biological fertilizer contains a variety of non-pathogenic microorganisms, various microorganisms will secrete a variety of antibiotics, plant growth hormones and insecticidal substances and other metabolites during growth and reproduction, which not only can inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, but also can promote the growth of plants and improve the stress resistance of plants. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the related art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a special fertilizer for vegetables and a preparation method and application thereof. The special fertilizer for vegetables has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium release, meets the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient requirements of vegetables during the growing season with one application, completely replaces synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds and potassium compounds (fertilizer), improves soil, overcomes the continuous cropping barrier, and improves the yield and quality of vegetables.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the application provides a special fertilizer for vegetables with nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium dissolution functions, which comprises functional bacteria, bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents and mixed mineral particle carriers; the functional bacteria and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carriers, the functional bacteria comprise high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are laminarin and chlorogenic acid.

[0009] The high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria are named SDTB-0031, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, on April 26, 2019, and numbered as CGMCC NO. 17634.

[0010] The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria are named SDTB-0041, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, on April 26, 2019, and numbered as CGMCC NO. 17636.

[0011] The potassium-dissolving bacteria are named SDTB-0051, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, on April 26, 2019, and numbered as CGMCC NO. 17638.

[0012] The mixed mineral particle carriers comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of peat soil, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of flash zinc ore, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite, 5-20 parts of clay and 0.5-2 parts of a capture agent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the laminarin is used in an amount of 0.02-0.5 parts, and the chlorogenic acid is used in an amount of 0.1-0.5 parts.

[0013] The application obtains mixed mineral particles with porous structure by modifying various mineral powder materials, and uses the mixed mineral particles as carriers to adsorb functional bacteria, laminarin and chlorogenic acid in the particle carriers, so that a characteristic natural green fertilizer without synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds and potassium compounds is prepared, which meets the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient requirements in the whole growing season by one-time application, achieves the effect of balanced and long-lasting nutrient supply, and provides a rich source of minerals and trace elements for vegetables; the mixed mineral particles with porous structure can improve soil structure, and are beneficial to the reproduction of functional microorganisms, the conversion of nutrients and the activation of soil, and the balanced nutrient supply; the laminarin and chlorogenic acid can inhibit the infection of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, and improve the disease resistance of vegetables and overcome the continuous cropping obstacles of the soil. The vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium release can significantly improve the yield and quality of vegetables. Compared with existing organic and inorganic fertilizers, the fertilizer amount is small, the nutrient supply is balanced and long-lasting, labor is saved, the disease resistance of plants is enhanced, the continuous cropping obstacles are overcome, high quality and high yield are achieved, and the environment is protected without pollution.

[0014] In some embodiments of the application, the particle carrier is prepared by granulating natural mineral materials such as peat, mixed mineral particles, clay, etc. after being captured by hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and specifically, the preparation method of the mixed mineral particle carrier comprises the following steps:

[0015] (a) 20-50 parts of peat, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of flash zinc ore, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite and 5-20 parts of clay are crushed to a diameter of 3.5-5 mm to form a natural mixed mineral powder;

[0016] (b) 0.5-2 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are prepared into a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%;

[0017] The natural mixed mineral powder is input into a mixer, and 5% of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution is sprayed under stirring to capture the mineral powder materials;

[0018] (c) The mineral powder materials captured by the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are conveyed to a granulator for granulation, and the mixed mineral particles are dried and shaped at 150-200 DEG C, and are blown and cooled to room temperature to prepare the mixed mineral particle carrier containing various nutrient elements and having a porous structure.

[0019] Based on the same inventive concept, the application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium release, which comprises the following steps:

[0020] (1) using mineral powder material (peat soil, carbon apatite, potash shale, sphalerite, magnesite, sepiolite, clay) and the trapping agent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as raw materials to prepare mixed mineral particle carriers;

[0021] (2) inoculating the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria into a first culture medium respectively to culture and obtain first strains;

[0022] Inoculating the first strains into a second culture medium respectively to culture and obtain second strains;

[0023] Inoculating the second strains into a fermentation culture medium respectively to culture and obtain fermentation liquor of the functional bacteria; the fermentation liquor is the mother liquor of the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.

[0024] (3) dissolving the laminarin and chlorogenic acid in water respectively, then mixing the fermentation liquor of the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria uniformly, and spraying the mixed mineral particle carriers to make the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria and the laminarin and chlorogenic acid adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carriers, so as to obtain the vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization.

[0025] The laminarin can be extracted from kelp, and the chlorogenic acid can be extracted from honeysuckle; in the present application, the laminarin and chlorogenic acid are both purchased.

[0026] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides the application of the above-mentioned vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization, (1) for solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables, such as cucumber, zucchini, tomato, pepper and eggplant, before planting the vegetables, hole or trench application is performed, then the root system of the transplanted seedlings is buried in the vegetable special fertilizer, then the soil is covered, and then the soil is watered, and the application amount is calculated according to 8% to 10% of the yield;

[0027] In some embodiments of the present application, the vegetable special fertilizer is applied only once for each growth season or each crop of various vegetables, and the soil is watered in time.

[0028] The present application is characterized in that 20-50 parts of peat, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of sphalerite, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite and 5-20 parts of clay are crushed to a diameter of 3.5-5 mm to form natural mixed mineral powder, which is input into a mixer, 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is sprayed under stirring to capture the powder mineral material, the granulator is granulated, and the granules are dried and shaped at 150-200°C, blown and cooled to room temperature to produce mixed mineral granules with multiple nutrient elements and porous structure. The functional bacteria adsorbed on the above granular carrier contain high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) selected from natural nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, the nitrogen-fixing level of which is 62.7 times higher than that of the natural strain; phosphorus-dissolving bacteria (SDTB-0041) selected from Bacillus capable of degrading organophosphorus pesticides, which can directly convert the phosphorus in carbon apatite into water-soluble phosphorus; potassium-dissolving bacteria (SDTB-0051) selected from Bacillus capable of degrading carbamate pesticides, which can convert the potassium in potassium shale into water-soluble potassium; and the granular carrier is granulated from natural mineral materials such as peat, mixed mineral granules and clay, the functional bacteria, laminarin and chlorogenic acid are adsorbed on the carrier to become a special natural green fertilizer containing no synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds and potassium compounds. The fertilizer can obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere through high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of vegetables; the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and the potassium-dissolving bacteria dissociate the available phosphorus and available potassium from the minerals rich in the mixed mineral granules and soil; the mixed mineral granules and the organic matter carrier such as peat and soil can provide medium and trace elements to comprehensively meet the nutrient supply of vegetables and crops. The product can completely replace chemical synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds, potassium compounds (chemical fertilizers), organic fertilizers and all fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of vegetables in the whole growing season. Moreover, the porous structure of the mixed mineral granules can ensure the loosening of the soil, adjust and buffer the pH value of the soil and improve the soil; the natural laminarin and chlorogenic acid can inhibit the infection of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, enhance the disease resistance of plants and overcome the continuous cropping obstacles. The vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution can meet the nutrient supply of vegetables in the whole growing season, has long-lasting fertilizer effect, balanced nutrient supply, improved soil, overcome continuous cropping obstacles, enhanced disease resistance of plants, high quality and yield, environmental friendliness and realizes the sustainable production of high-quality vegetables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below with specific examples.

[0030] Ashby nitrogen-free medium involved in the following examples: mannitol 10 g, CaCO3 5.0 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g, KH2PO4 0.2 g, CaSO4·2H2O 0.1 g, NaCl 0.2 g, distilled water to 1 L, pH 7.0, agar powder 20 g (no liquid medium), 121 ℃ sterilization for 20 min.

[0031] Pikovskaya medium: yeast extract powder 0.5 g, glucose 10 g, NaCl 0.3 g, KCl 0.3 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.3 g, MnSO4·H2O 0.03 g, FeSO4·7H2O 0.03 g, (NH4)2SO4 0.5 g, Ca3(PO4)2 5.0 g, distilled water to 1 L, pH 7.0-7.5, agar powder 20 g (no liquid medium), 121 ℃ sterilization for 20 min.

[0032] Alexander Borodnik medium: sucrose 3 g, potassium feldspar powder (washed with deionized water five times) 1 g, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5 g, Na2PO4 2 g, FeCl3 0.005 g, CaCO3 0.1 g, distilled water to 1 L, pH 7.0, agar 20 g (no liquid medium), 121 ℃ sterilization for 20 min.

[0033] LB medium: peptone 10 g, yeast extract powder 5 g, NaCl 10 g, distilled water to 1 L, pH 7.0, agar powder 20 g (no liquid medium), 121 ℃ sterilization for 20 min.

[0034] Example 1 Screening of ultra-high nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0035] 1.1 Preliminary screening of nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0036] (1) Preparation of sample dilution solution: 10 g of soil sample from continuous planting of vegetables in Taian District of Taian City, Shandong Province was weighed into a 250 mL conical flask, and an appropriate amount of glass beads and 100 mL of sterile water were added. After standing for 20 min, a bacterial suspension mother liquor was formed in a constant temperature shaker at 200 rpm for 30 min, and then sterile water was used for sequential dilution to obtain 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 dilution sample solution.

[0037] (2) Pouring plate: after sterilization of Ashby nitrogen-free solid medium, cool to 60 ℃, pour plate.

[0038] (3) Plate coating: 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10-7 Each 100 μL of the sample solution of dilution was pipetted and uniformly spread on the medium with a glass triangular spatula.

[0039] (4) Cultivation: The coated plate was sealed with a sealing film and then placed in a constant temperature biochemical incubator at 37°C for cultivation for 7 days.

[0040] (5) Preliminary screening: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria were picked from the medium surface of the plate, and then separated and purified in the Ashby nitrogen-free solid medium by means of plate streaking. The purified strain was inoculated into the LB slant medium, and the natural nitrogen-fixing strain was named SDTB-0001 after the nitrogen-fixing ability identification. The strain was stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

[0041] 1.2 Determination of nitrogen-fixing ability of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0042] (1) Inoculation and activation: The nitrogen-fixing strain SDTB-0001 obtained by preliminary screening was inoculated into the Ashby nitrogen-free liquid medium, and cultivated in a constant temperature shaker at 37°C and 200 rpm.

[0043] (2) Determination of nitrogen-fixing ability: The fermentation broth was taken every 8 hours, and the total nitrogen content in the corresponding fermentation broth was determined by using the semi-micro Kjeldahl method (Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer) with the culture solution without inoculation of the strain as a control group. The strain obtained by re-screening was stored in a refrigerator at -20°C with 20% glycerol.

[0044] 1.3 Domestication and breeding of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0045] One ring of SDTB-0001 was picked with an inoculation loop and inoculated into 250 mL of LB liquid medium in a triangular flask, 1 mL of liquid nitrogen was added after sealing, and domestication and breeding were carried out in a shaker at 37°C and 200 rpm, with transfer every 15 days for 120 times. The nitrogen-fixing ability was detected every 10 times of transfer, and the strain with the best nitrogen-fixing ability after 120 times of domestication and breeding was named SDTB-0031.

[0046] 1.4 Observation of colony morphology of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0047] One ring of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) was picked from the preserved slant with an inoculation loop and inoculated into LB liquid medium, which was cultivated in a shaker at 37°C and 200 rpm to the logarithmic phase. The morphology of the microorganism was observed under an optical microscope. Then the fermentation broth was picked and streaked on an LB plate, which was cultivated in a constant temperature biochemical incubator at 37°C. The colony shape, luster, color, size, transparency and pigment production were observed.

[0048] 2. Screening results of preliminary screening of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria

[0049] The 10 strains of natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria obtained by co-separation were screened for a strain with strong nitrogen-fixing ability by measuring the nitrogen fixation amount, and named SDTB-0001.

[0050] 3. High-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria domestication and breeding results

[0051] A loop of SDTB-0001 was inoculated into 250 mL of LB liquid medium in a triangular flask using an inoculation loop, 1 mL of liquid nitrogen was added after sealing, and the flask was cultured in a shaking bed at 37°C and 200 rpm. The domestication and breeding were performed for 120 times, with transfer every 15 days, and a high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria was obtained, named SDTB-0031.

[0052] The total nitrogen amount in the corresponding fermentation broth was determined by semi-micro Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method (Kjeldahl nitrogen determination instrument), and a strain with strong nitrogen-fixing ability was obtained by domestication and breeding of nitrogen-fixing ability, named SDTB-0031. The nitrogen-fixing ability of the screened domesticated strain is shown in the following table:

[0053] Table 1 Nitrogen-fixing ability of the screened domesticated strain

[0054] Strain Nitrogen fixation amount (mg / L) High-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) 792.31 Natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0001) 11.63 CK 0

[0055] Among them, CK refers to the blank control (culture solution without strain inoculation), and the natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria is the strain SDTB-0001 of the natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria screened and preserved in the laboratory. As shown in Table 1, the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) obtained by domestication and breeding has a nitrogen-fixing level 62.7 times higher than that of the natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0001).

[0056] The colony diameter formed by the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) obtained by domestication and breeding on the LB medium is about 1-2 mm, the colony is circular, white, opaque, central convex, and the surface is rough. The high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) obtained by domestication and breeding was entrusted to Shanghai Sunway Biotech Co., Ltd. for gene sequencing. The 16S rDNA sequence of the bacteria was submitted to the GENBANK database for BLAST comparison analysis, and the analysis results showed that the gene sequence of the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria was highly homologous to the gene sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, with a homology of 99%.

[0057] Combined with the morphological and 16S rDNA sequencing results, the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria obtained by domestication and breeding was named SDTB-0031, and was classified and named as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and was preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a preservation date of April 26, 2019, and a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 17634.

[0058] Example 2 Screening of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria

[0059] 1.1 Screening of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria

[0060] The screening method is as follows:

[0061] (1) Preparation of sample dilutions: 10 g of activated sludge sample collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Shandong Huayang Pesticide Chemical Industry Group Co., Ltd. was weighed into a 250 mL conical flask, and appropriate amount of glass beads and 100 mL of sterile water were added. After standing for 20 min, the conical flask was placed in a constant temperature shaker at 200 rpm for 30 min to form a bacterial suspension mother liquor. Then, the bacterial suspension mother liquor was diluted with sterile water to obtain 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 dilution sample solutions.

[0062] (2) Pouring plates: Pikovskaya solid medium was sterilized and cooled to 60°C, and then poured into plates.

[0063] (3) Coating plates: 100 μL of each of the 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 dilution sample solutions were taken and coated on the medium with a glass triangular scraper.

[0064] (4) Culturing: The coated plates were sealed with sealing film and placed in a constant temperature biochemical incubator at 37°C for 7 d.

[0065] (5) Preliminary screening: colonies with phosphorus-solubilizing rings were selected from the Pikovskaya solid medium plates, and then isolated and purified by plate streaking method in Pikovskaya solid medium. The purified strains with phosphorus-solubilizing ring phenomenon were inoculated into LB slant medium and stored in a refrigerator at 4°C.

[0066] 1.2 Observation of colony morphology of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

[0067] One ring of bacteria was inoculated from the preserved slant into LB liquid medium with an inoculating loop, and cultured in a shaker at 37°C and 200 rpm until the logarithmic phase. The microbial morphology was observed under an optical microscope. Then, the fermentation broth was streaked on an LB plate and cultured in a constant temperature biochemical incubator at 37°C. The colony shape, luster, color, size, transparency, and pigment production were observed.

[0068] 1.3 Degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

[0069] The seed liquid of the screened phosphorus solubilizing bacteria was inoculated into the selective culture medium containing phoxim, omethoate or parathion at an inoculation amount of 5%. The organic phosphorus pesticide in the selective culture medium was added in the form of an organic phosphorus pesticide solution, the content of the organic phosphorus pesticide in the organic phosphorus pesticide solution was 35%, and the addition amount of the organic phosphorus pesticide solution in the selective culture medium was 2% (mass ratio). The selective culture medium was composed of 0.1 g of NaCl, 0.5 g of MgSO4, 0.3 g of K2SO4, 0.1 g of CaCO3, 0.001 g of FeSO4, 1000 mL of H2O, and the pH value was adjusted to 7.2. The selective culture medium was placed in an environment with a temperature of 37°C and a rotation speed of 200 rpm for oscillation for 48 h. Then the addition amount of the three kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide solutions was gradually increased, and the growth conditions of the strains were observed at the addition amounts of 4% (mass ratio), 6% (mass ratio) and 8% (mass ratio), respectively. After oscillation for 48 h, the degradation rate of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to the organic phosphorus pesticide was determined by gas chromatography. The determination conditions were as follows: a chromatographic column [DB-5MS, 30 m (length) x 0.25 mm (inner diameter) x 0.25 μm (film thickness)], a sample injection amount of 1 μL, a post-column split technique with a split ratio of 1:10, high-purity helium as the carrier gas, a constant pressure mode of 91 kPa, a sample injection port temperature of 280°C, and a column oven temperature program of maintaining the furnace temperature at 70°C for 2 min after injection, then increasing the temperature to 290°C at a rate of 5°C / min, maintaining the temperature for 3 min, and then decreasing the temperature to 70°C.

[0070] 2. Screening results of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria

[0071] Five strains of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria were screened through the primary screening. The strain with the best phosphorus solubilizing effect and the highest degradation efficiency was selected by determining the degradation rate of the organic phosphorus pesticide, and was named as phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041). The gas chromatography determination results showed that the degradation rates of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041) to the organic phosphorus pesticides phoxim, omethoate or parathion were 72.1%, 70.3% and 73.2%, respectively.

[0072] The colony diameter of the screened phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041) formed on the LB culture medium was about 1-2 mm, the colony was circular, white, opaque, central convex, and the surface was rough. The screened phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041) was entrusted to Huada Gene Company for gene sequencing. The 16S rDNA sequence of the bacteria was submitted to the GENBANK database for BLAST comparison analysis. The analysis results showed that the sequence of the strain was highly homologous to the gene sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the homology was 99%.

[0073] According to the results of morphology and 16S rDNA sequencing, the screened phosphorus solubilizing bacteria is named SDTB-0041, and is classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, on April 26, 2019, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 17636.

[0074] Example 3: Degradation of carbon apatite powder by phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041)

[0075] The seed liquid of the screened phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (SDTB-0041) is inoculated into the selective culture medium containing carbon apatite powder at an inoculation amount of 5%. The carbon apatite powder in the selective culture medium is added in the form of a carbon apatite powder solution, and the content of the carbon apatite powder in the carbon apatite powder solution is 35%. The addition amount of the carbon apatite solution in the selective culture medium is 8 ‰ (mass ratio). The other components of the selective culture medium except the organophosphorus pesticide solution are 0.1 g NaCl, 0.5 g MgSO4, 0.3 g K2SO4, 0.1 g CaCO3, 0.001 g FeSO4, 1000 mL H2O, and the pH value is adjusted to 7.2. The selective culture medium is placed in an environment with a temperature of 37°C and a rotation speed of 200 rpm for 48 hours of vibration. The soluble phosphorus content in the fermentation broth is measured by the phosphomolybdate blue method.

[0076] Method for measuring soluble phosphorus content:

[0077] Under sterile conditions, 2 mL of fermentation broth is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, 1 mL of supernatant is taken, and diluted 10 times. 2 mL of the diluted supernatant is taken, 2 mL of ammonium molybdate solution is added, mixed well, and placed. 1 mL of anhydrous sodium sulfite solution is added, mixed well, and then 1 mL of hydroquinone solution is added and mixed well. Add distilled water to 20 mL, mix well, and boil for 10 min. Use the unseeded Pikovskaya liquid medium after sterilization as the control group. The absorbance value of the sample at 660 nm is measured by a spectrophotometer. The phosphorus content in the sample is calculated using the phosphorus standard curve. The phosphorus content is calculated by the formula:

[0078] X = m x 10 / V

[0079] X: phosphorus content in the fermentation broth, mg / mL

[0080] m: phosphorus content in the diluted solution obtained by the phosphorus standard curve, mg

[0081] V: volume of the diluted supernatant taken, mL

[0082] The results of the determination of the phosphomolybdate blue method show that the amount of phosphorus released by the phosphorus-releasing bacteria (SDTB-0041) is 181.24 mg / L.

[0083] The phosphorus-releasing bacteria (SDTB-0041) selected from the Bacillus sp. capable of degrading organophosphorus pesticides can directly convert the phosphorus in the carbon apatite into water-soluble phosphorus.

[0084] Example 4 Screening of potassium-releasing bacteria

[0085] 1.1 Screening of potassium-releasing bacteria

[0086] The screening method is as follows:

[0087] (1) Preparation of sample dilution solution: 10 g of activated sludge sample collected from the wastewater treatment plant of Shandong Huayang Pesticide Chemical Group Co., Ltd. was weighed into a 250 mL conical flask, and appropriate amount of glass beads and 100 mL of sterile water were added. After standing for 20 min, the conical flask was placed in a constant-temperature shaker at 200 rpm for 30 min to form a bacterial suspension mother liquor. Then, the bacterial suspension mother liquor was diluted with sterile water to obtain 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 dilution sample solutions.

[0088] (2) Pouring of plates: after the Alexander Pavlov solid culture medium was sterilized, it was cooled to 60℃ and poured into plates.

[0089] (3) Coating of plates: 100 μL of each of the 10 -5 , 10 -6 , 10 -7 dilution sample solutions was taken and uniformly coated on the culture medium using a glass triangular spatula.

[0090] (4) Culturing: after the coating of the plates was completed, the plates were sealed with sealing film and placed in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 37℃ for 7 d.

[0091] (5) Preliminary screening: colonies with potassium-dissolving rings were selected from the Alexander Pavlov solid culture medium plates, and then the plate streaking method was used to separate and purify the colonies in the Alexander Pavlov solid culture medium. The purified strains with potassium-dissolving rings were inoculated into LB slant culture medium and stored in a refrigerator at 4℃.

[0092] 1.2 Observation of colony morphology of potassium-releasing bacteria

[0093] One ring of bacteria was inoculated into LB liquid culture medium from each preserved slant using an inoculation loop, and the inoculation loop was cultured in a shaker at 37℃ and 200 rpm until the logarithmic phase. The morphology of the microorganism was observed under an optical microscope. Then, the fermentation broth was streaked on an LB plate and cultured in a constant-temperature biochemical incubator at 37℃. The colony shape, luster, color, size, transparency and pigment production were observed.

[0094] 1.3 Degrading of carbamate pesticides such as carbofuran by potassium- decomposing bacteria

[0095] The seed liquid of the screened potassium-decomposing bacteria was inoculated into LB liquid medium containing 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L and 400 mg / L of carbofuran respectively at an inoculation amount of 5%, and was distributed into 30 mL / 250 mL conical flasks, which were placed in an environment with a temperature of 37°C and a rotation speed of 200 rpm for oscillation for 72 h, and the growth conditions of each strain were observed. After oscillation for 72 h, the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation of the culture solution, and the degradation rate of the potassium-decomposing bacteria to carbofuran and other carbamate pesticides was determined by liquid chromatography. The determination conditions were as follows: the chromatographic column was WondaSil C18 column (150 mm x 4.60 mm, 5.0 μm); the mobile phase was acetonitrile: water (85:15, V / V) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min; the ultraviolet detector had a wavelength of 220 nm; and the injection amount was 10 μL.

[0096] 2. Screening results of potassium-decomposing bacteria

[0097] Four strains of potassium-decomposing bacteria were screened through the preliminary screening, and the strain with the best potassium-decomposing effect and the highest degradation efficiency was selected as the potassium-decomposing bacteria (SDTB-0051) by determining the degradation rate of the potassium-decomposing bacteria to carbofuran and other carbamate pesticides. The liquid chromatography determination results showed that the degradation rate of the potassium-decomposing bacteria (SDTB-0051) to carbofuran and other carbamate pesticides was 80.2%.

[0098] The colony diameter of the screened potassium-decomposing bacteria (SDTB-0051) formed on the LB medium was about 1-2 mm, and the colony was circular, white, opaque, central convex, and rough on the surface. The screened potassium-decomposing bacteria (SDTB-0051) was entrusted to Huada Gene Company for gene sequencing. The 16S rDNA sequence of the bacteria was submitted to GENBANK database for BLAST comparison analysis, and the analysis results showed that the sequence of the strain was highly homologous to the gene sequence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, with a homology of 99%.

[0099] Combined with the morphological and 16S rDNA sequencing results, the screened potassium-decomposing bacteria was named SDTB-0051, and was classified and named as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which was preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center located at No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, on April 26, 2019, with a preservation number of CGMCC NO. 17638.

[0100] Example 5 Degrading of potassium shale powder by potassium-decomposing bacteria (SDTB-0051)

[0101] The seed liquid of the potassium-lysing bacteria (SDTB-0051) screened is inoculated into the LB liquid medium containing potassium feldspar powder at an inoculation amount of 5%, the addition amount of potassium shale powder in the LB liquid medium is 400 mg / L, and the culture is placed in an environment with a temperature of 37°C and a rotation speed of 200 rpm for oscillation for 72 h, the culture liquid is centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 min, and the supernatant is used to determine the soluble potassium content in the fermentation liquid by a flame spectrophotometer (prism FP6410 type).

[0102] The determination result of the flame spectrophotometer shows that the potassium-lysing amount is 38.23 mg / L.

[0103] The potassium-lysing bacteria (SDTB-0051) selected by the bacillus degrading carbamate pesticides can change the potassium in potassium feldspar and other potassium ore powder into water-soluble potassium.

[0104] Example 6: A vegetable special fertilizer with nitrogen-fixing, phosphorus-lysing and potassium-lysing effects

[0105] The vegetable special fertilizer in the example includes functional bacteria, bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents and mixed mineral particle carriers; the functional bacteria and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carriers, the functional bacteria include high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, phosphorus-lysing bacteria SDTB-0041 and potassium-lysing bacteria SDTB-0051, and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agents are kelp polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid.

[0106] The mixed mineral particle carriers include the following components in parts by weight: 50 kg of peat soil, 10 kg of carbon apatite, 10 kg of potassium shale, 3 kg of flash zinc ore, 3 kg of magnesite, 5 kg of sepiolite, 17 kg of clay and 1 kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as a trapping agent; the amount of kelp polysaccharide is 0.5 kg, and the amount of chlorogenic acid is 0.5 kg.

[0107] In the example, the preparation method of the vegetable special fertilizer includes the following steps:

[0108] A preparation of mixed mineral particle carriers

[0109] (1) 50 kg of peat soil, 10 kg of carbon apatite, 10 kg of potassium shale, 3 kg of flash zinc ore, 3 kg of magnesite, 5 kg of sepiolite and 17 kg of clay are crushed to a diameter of 3.5-5 mm to form natural mixed mineral powder;

[0110] (2) 1 kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution is prepared into a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%;

[0111] The natural mixed mineral powder is input into a mixer, and a 5% mass concentration hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose aqueous solution is sprayed into the mixer under stirring; the mineral powder material (including peat, carbon apatite, potassium shale, sphalerite, magnesite, sepiolite and clay) is captured;

[0112] (3) The mineral material after capturing the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is sent to a granulator for granulation, and the mixed mineral particles are dried and shaped at 150°C, and are blown and cooled to room temperature to form mixed mineral particles containing multiple nutrient elements and having a porous structure.

[0113] B Preparation of efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0041 and potassium-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0051

[0114] Culture medium: starch 100 g / L, soybean meal 100 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.5 g / L, chloride 0.01 g / L, calcium carbonate 0.1 g / L, yeast extract 0.1 g / L, pH 7.2.

[0115] The efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0041 and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0051 are respectively activated and inoculated into 1 L of the above-mentioned culture medium, and the triangular flask is shaken at 200 rpm and 37°C for 24 hours, then inoculated into a 250 L seed fermentation tank at an inoculation amount of 1%, aerated and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours, then inoculated into a 2500 L fermentation tank at an inoculation amount of 10%, and cultured at 37°C for 24 hours. When 80% of the bacterial bodies produce spores, the fermentation is stopped, and the fermentation liquor is obtained. According to the proportion of 100 L of fermentation liquor producing 1000 kg of bacterial fertilizer, the volume of the fermentation liquor is determined, and the fermentation liquor containing the efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0041 and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0051 is the bacterial liquor of the functional bacteria.

[0116] C Preparation of a special fertilizer for vegetables

[0117] 0.5 kg of laminarin and 0.5 kg of chlorogenic acid are respectively dissolved in water, and then mixed with the bacterial liquor of the efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0041 and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0051. The mixed bacterial liquor and the mixed mineral particle carrier are sprayed according to a mass ratio of 1:10, so that the bacterial bodies of the efficient nitrogen-fixing bacteria SDTB-0031, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0041 and the potassium-solubilizing bacteria SDTB-0051, and the laminarin and the chlorogenic acid are adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carrier, and a special fertilizer for vegetables with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization is obtained.

[0118] Example 7 A special fertilizer for vegetables with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization and potassium solubilization

[0119] The difference between the present example and example 6 is that the formula of the mixed mineral particle carrier is 45 kg peat soil, 12 kg carbon apatite, 12 kg potassium shale, 3 kg flash zinc ore, 3 kg magnesite, 6 kg sepiolite and 17 kg clay; step (3) is also different, specifically, (3) the mineral material captured by hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is transported to a granulator for granulation, and the mixed mineral particles are dried and shaped at 200 DEG C, and then blown and cooled to room temperature to prepare mixed mineral particles containing multiple nutrient elements and porous structures; the remaining steps are the same as those of example 6.

[0120] Example 8: A special fertilizer for vegetables with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium release

[0121] The difference between the present example and example 6 is that the formula of the mixed mineral particle carrier is 45 kg peat soil, 12 kg carbon apatite, 12 kg potassium shale, 3 kg flash zinc ore, 3 kg magnesite, 6 kg sepiolite and 17 kg clay; step (3) is also different, specifically, (3) the mineral material captured by hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is transported to a granulator for granulation, and the mixed mineral particles are dried and shaped at 200 DEG C, and then blown and cooled to room temperature to prepare mixed mineral particles containing multiple nutrient elements and porous structures; the remaining steps are the same as those of example 6.

[0122] The application of the special fertilizer for vegetables with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium release prepared in examples 6-8 is as follows: (1) for solanaceous and cucurbitaceous vegetables, such as cucumber, zucchini, tomato, pepper and eggplant, hole or trench application is performed before planting the vegetables, then the roots of the transplanted seedlings are buried in the special fertilizer for vegetables, and then the soil is covered and watered; the application amount is 8%-10% of the yield; (2) for legume vegetables, such as cowpea, kidney bean and oil bean, hole or trench application is performed before planting the vegetables, then the seeds are directly buried in the special fertilizer for vegetables, and then the soil is covered and watered; the application amount is 4%-5% of the yield; (3) for leaf vegetables, such as celery, leek, rape, cabbage and Chinese cabbage, uniform scattering or trench application is performed before planting the vegetables, then the seeds are directly sown in the special fertilizer for vegetables, and then the soil is covered and watered; the application amount is 3%-4% of the yield.

[0123] The special fertilizer for vegetables is applied only once in each growth season or each crop of various vegetables, and the vegetables are watered in time.

[0124] Test example:

[0125] The inventors of the present application are often invited to investigate and train local technical personnel nationwide, and in the process, the special fertilizer for vegetables of the present application is tested on representative vegetables, and the test results are as follows:

[0126] Example 1 The application was continuously applied on greenhouse tomatoes in Jitai Town, Shouguang, Shandong Province from 2013 to 2018. 500 grams of the vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release and potassium release prepared in Example 6 were hole-applied when the tomatoes were transplanted, the roots of the tomato seedlings were directly buried in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The tomatoes grew healthily, had strong disease resistance, had no continuous cropping obstacles, the fruits were uniform in size, the yield per mu was 12180 kilograms, the yield was increased by 22%-34% compared with conventional fertilization, the fruits were bright, the fungicide dosage was reduced by more than 60%, there was no pesticide residue in the fruits, and the commodity value was high.

[0127] Example 2 The application was continuously applied on greenhouse tomatoes in Fangcun Town, Daiyue District, Tai'an, Shandong Province from 2012 to 2018. 500 grams of the vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release and potassium release prepared in Example 6 were hole-applied when the tomatoes were transplanted, the roots of the tomato seedlings were directly buried in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The tomatoes grew healthily, had strong disease resistance, had no continuous cropping obstacles, the fruits were uniform, the yield per mu was 10268 kilograms, the yield was increased by 19%-32% compared with conventional fertilization, the fruits were bright, the fungicide dosage was reduced by 60%-70%, there was no pesticide residue in the fruits, and the commodity value was high.

[0128] Example 3 The application was continuously applied on greenhouse cucumbers in Sunjiaji Town, Shouguang, Shandong Province from 2014 to 2018. 500 grams of the vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release and potassium release prepared in Example 6 were hole-applied when the cucumbers were transplanted, the roots of the cucumber seedlings were directly buried in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The cucumbers grew healthily, had strong disease resistance, had no continuous cropping obstacles, the fruits were uniform in size, the yield per mu was 13495 kilograms, the yield was increased by 24%-37% compared with conventional fertilization, the fruits were bright, the cucumbers were straight, the fungicide dosage was reduced by about 70%, there was no pesticide residue in the fruits, and the commodity value was high.

[0129] Example 4 The application was continuously applied on greenhouse eggplants in Jitai Town, Shouguang, Shandong Province from 2015 to 2018. 1000 grams of the vegetable special-purpose fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus release and potassium release prepared in Example 7 were hole-applied when the eggplants were transplanted, the roots of the eggplant seedlings were directly buried in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The eggplants grew healthily, had strong disease resistance, had no continuous cropping obstacles, the fruits were uniform, the yield per mu was 16755 kilograms, the yield was increased by 31%-40% compared with conventional fertilization, the fruits were bright, the fungicide dosage was reduced by more than 70%, there was no pesticide residue in the fruits, and the commodity value was high.

[0130] Example 5 The application was continuously applied on the greenhouse pepper in Shouguang Jitai Town, Shandong Province from 2016 to 2018, which proved that 500 grams of the vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization prepared in Example 7 was hole-applied when the pepper was transplanted, the root of the pepper seedling was directly buried in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The pepper grew vigorously, had strong disease resistance, no continuous cropping obstacles, uniform results, and the yield per mu was 10375 kg, which was 27%-31% higher than that of conventional fertilization, the fruit surface was bright, the fungicide dosage was reduced by more than 70%, there was no pesticide residue in the fruit, and the commodity value was high.

[0131] Example 6 The application was continuously applied on the greenhouse kidney bean in Huafeng Town, Ningyang County, Shandong Province from 2016 to 2018, which proved that 300 grams of the vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization prepared in Example 8 was hole-applied when the kidney bean was planted, the kidney bean seeds were directly sown in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The kidney bean grew vigorously, had strong disease resistance, no continuous cropping obstacles, uniform results, and the yield per mu was 6255 kg, which was more than 30% higher than that of conventional fertilization, the results were more, the bean pod was long, the surface was bright, the fungicide dosage was reduced by more than 60%, there was no pesticide residue in the bean pod, and the commodity value was high.

[0132] Example 7 The application was continuously applied on the greenhouse celery in Yanlou Town, Yanggu County, Shandong Province from 2016 to 2018, which proved that 300 kilograms of the vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus and potassium solubilization prepared in Example 8 was hole-applied every mu, the celery seeds were directly sown in the fertilizer, and then the soil was buried and water was poured. The celery grew vigorously, had strong disease resistance, no continuous cropping obstacles, the yield per mu was 12830 kg, which was more than 40% higher than that of conventional fertilization, the fungicide dosage was reduced by more than 60%, there was no pesticide residue in the celery, and the commodity value was high.

[0133] The present application is characterized in that 20-50 parts of peat, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of sphalerite, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite and 5-20 parts of clay are crushed to 3.5-5 mm in diameter, the natural mixed mineral powder is crushed and input into a mixer, 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is sprayed under stirring to capture the powder mineral material, the granulator is used for granulation, the granules are dried and shaped at 150-200 DEG C, and the granules are cooled to room temperature by blowing, to prepare mixed mineral granules with multiple nutrient elements and porous structure. The functional bacteria adsorbed on the above granule carrier contain high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria (SDTB-0031) selected from natural nitrogen-fixing Bacillus, the nitrogen-fixing level of which is 62.7 times higher than that of the natural strain; phosphorus-dissolving bacteria (SDTB-0041) selected from Bacillus for degrading organophosphorus pesticides, which can directly convert the phosphorus in carbon apatite into water-soluble phosphorus; potassium-dissolving bacteria (SDTB-0051) selected from Bacillus for degrading carbamate pesticides, which can convert the potassium in potassium shale into water-soluble potassium; the functional bacteria, laminarin and chlorogenic acid are adsorbed on the granule carrier prepared by granulating peat, mixed mineral granules and clay and other natural mineral materials, to become a special natural green fertilizer free of synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds and potassium compounds. The fertilizer can obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere through high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria according to the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of vegetables; the phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and the potassium-dissolving bacteria dissociate the available phosphorus and available potassium from the minerals rich in the mixed mineral granules and soil; the mixed mineral granules and peat and other organic matter carriers and soil can provide medium and trace elements, to comprehensively meet the nutrient supply of vegetables and crops. The product can completely replace chemical synthetic ammonia, phosphorus compounds, potassium compounds (chemical fertilizers), organic fertilizers and all fertilizers, to meet the nutrient requirements of vegetables in the whole growth season. Moreover, the porous structure of the mixed mineral granules can ensure the loose soil, adjust and buffer the pH value of the soil, and improve the soil; the natural laminarin and chlorogenic acid can inhibit the infection of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, enhance the disease resistance of plants and overcome the continuous cropping obstacles. The vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution can meet the nutrient supply of vegetables in the whole growth season, has long-lasting fertilizer effect, balanced nutrient supply, improves the soil, overcomes the continuous cropping obstacles, enhances the disease resistance of plants, has high quality and high yield, is environment-friendly, and realizes the sustainable production of high-quality vegetables.

[0134] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above discussion of any embodiment is only exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other changes of the different aspects of the present application as above. In order to be brief, they are not provided in details. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Use of a vegetable special fertilizer, characterized in that, The vegetables are eggplant and kidney beans, and the application includes (1) for eggplant, before planting eggplant, hole or trench application, then the root system of the transplanted seedlings is buried in the vegetable special fertilizer first, then cover the soil, and then pour water; the amount of fertilizer: according to the yield of 8%~10% calculation dosage; (2) for kidney beans, before planting kidney beans, hole or trench application, then the seeds are directly buried in the vegetable special fertilizer, then cover the soil, and then pour water; the amount of fertilizer: according to the yield of 4%~5% calculation dosage; eggplant or kidney beans only apply 1 time of vegetable special fertilizer per growing season or per crop, and pour water in time; Among them, the vegetable special fertilizer includes functional bacteria, bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agent and mixed mineral particle carrier; the functional bacteria and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agent are adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carrier, the functional bacteria include high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and the bacteriostatic and disease-resistant agent is kelp polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid; The high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria are named SDTB-0031, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO.17634; The phosphorus-dissolving bacteria are named SDTB-0041, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO.17636; The potassium-dissolving bacteria are named SDTB-0051, classified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO.17638; The mixed mineral particle carrier includes the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of peat soil, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of flash zinc ore, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite, 5-20 parts of clay and 0.5-2 parts of capture agent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; the amount of kelp polysaccharide is 0.02-0.5 parts, and the amount of chlorogenic acid is 0.1-0.5 parts; The preparation method of the vegetable special fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) using peat soil, carbon apatite, potassium shale, flash zinc ore, magnesite, sepiolite, clay and capture agent hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as raw materials to prepare a mixed mineral particle carrier; (2) inoculating the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria in a primary culture medium to culture to obtain a primary strain; Inoculating the primary strain in a secondary culture medium to culture to obtain a secondary strain; Inoculating the secondary strain in a fermentation culture medium to culture to obtain a functional bacteria fermentation liquor; (3) dissolving kelp polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid in water, respectively, then mixing them with the fermentation liquor of the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria uniformly, and spraying the mixed mineral particle carrier to make the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria and the kelp polysaccharide and chlorogenic acid adsorbed in the mixed mineral particle carrier, so as to obtain a vegetable special fertilizer with the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution.

2. The use of a vegetable special fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the mixed mineral particle carrier includes the following steps: (a) 20-50 parts of peat soil, 5-20 parts of carbon apatite, 5-20 parts of potassium shale, 3-5 parts of flash zinc ore, 3-5 parts of magnesite, 5-20 parts of sepiolite, 5-20 parts of clay are crushed to a diameter of 3.5-5 mm to form a natural mixed mineral powder; (b) 0.5-2 parts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are prepared into a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5%; The natural mixed mineral powder is input into a mixer, and the 5% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution is sprayed under stirring to capture the mineral powder material; (c) The mineral powder material after hydroxypropyl methylcellulose capture is transported to a granulator for granulation, and the mixed mineral particles are dried and shaped at 150-200°C, and blown and cooled to room temperature to prepare mixed mineral particle carriers containing multiple nutrient elements and porous structures.