Blade lightning protection system and related method for wind turbine generator set

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a blade lightning protection system and related methods for a wind turbine generator set, which relates to the field of lightning protection technology. The specific technical solution is: it includes a plurality of blade lightning rod assemblies and blade tip lightning rod assemblies, which are all connected by a conductive down conductor; the blade lightning rod assembly includes: a blade lightning rod, including a first blade lightning rod and a second blade lightning rod, and the lightning rod support includes: a support body, and a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface provided on the support body, the first interface and the third interface are arranged opposite to each other, and the second interface and the fourth interface are arranged opposite to each other; the first interface and the third interface are interconnected to form a hollow structure, the second interface is used to fix the first blade lightning rod, and the fourth interface is used to fix the second blade lightning rod. The present disclosure can solve the problems of low lightning reception rate of lightning rods, easy melting and damage, and at the same time solve the problems of poor consistency and difficult quality control of blade lightning protection systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of lightning protection technology, and in particular to a blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator set and a method for setting up a lightning receptor assembly. Background Art

[0002] Wind turbines are tall structures. With technological advancements, the maximum height of mainstream equipment currently exceeds 200 meters. Blades are located at the highest point of wind turbines, exposing them to even more severe lightning strikes. The wind power industry has reached a consensus on the importance of blade lightning protection systems. During blade manufacturing, conductors are pre-embedded in the inner cavity. After demolding, lightning receptors are installed on the surface to achieve lightning reception and conduction functions, protecting the blades from lightning damage. Based on extensive experience with lightning testing of blades and analysis of actual lightning accidents in wind farms, the primary cause of lightning damage to blades is a low lightning receptor rate, manifested in lightning breakdown of internal conductors and metal structures. Furthermore, because the connections of most blade receptors are not securely fixed, some structures break and loosen due to the electromagnetic force caused by lightning conduction.

[0003] In addition, electric current has a skin effect. For lightning rods and connection structures made of metal materials, the density distribution of lightning current is different due to different shapes, which causes the temperature of local areas in lightning current reception and conduction to be too high, resulting in melting and damage, making it impossible to disassemble and replace.

[0004] Finally, the lightning protection system used in the industry is installed separately. Due to uncontrollable human factors during the blade production process, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of all blade lightning protection systems and the quality is difficult to control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The disclosed embodiments provide a wind turbine blade lightning protection system and a method for setting up a lightning receptor assembly, which can not only solve the problem of low lightning receptor lightning reception rate, but also solve the problem of melting and damage of lightning receptors. At the same time, it can also solve the problem of poor consistency and difficult quality control of all blade lightning protection systems. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator set is provided, wherein a conductive down conductor is provided in an inner cavity of the blade, and the lightning protection system comprises:

[0007] A plurality of blade body lightning receptor assemblies are arranged on the blade body;

[0008] A blade tip lightning receptor assembly is arranged on the tip of the blade;

[0009] The blade body lightning receptor assembly and the blade tip lightning receptor assembly are connected through a conductive down conductor;

[0010] The blade air terminal assembly includes:

[0011] The blade body lightning receptor comprises a first blade body lightning receptor and a second blade body lightning receptor;

[0012] A lightning receptor support includes a support body, and a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface provided on the support body, wherein the first interface and the third interface are arranged opposite to each other, and the second interface and the fourth interface are arranged opposite to each other; the first interface and the third interface are interconnected to form a hollow structure for the conduction down conductor to pass through, the second interface is used to fix the first blade body lightning receptor, and the fourth interface is used to fix the second blade body lightning receptor;

[0013] Mounting bracket, used to fix the lightning rod support.

[0014] In this embodiment, the lightning arrester efficiency is improved by rearranging the lightning arrester's location and increasing the breakdown voltage of the entire system. The specific location of the blade lightning arrester is determined through simulation evaluation and accumulated test data; the improvement of the breakdown voltage of the entire system includes three aspects: internal conductors, internal metal bodies, and lightning arc suppression on the inner surface of the blade. Specifically: 1) The internal conductor includes: a hollow structure is set in the lightning arrester support, so that the conductive down conductor passes through the hollow structure, and the conductive down conductor uses a cable that can withstand a certain breakdown voltage; 2) The internal metal body includes: a lightning arrester support made of metal is set, and the lightning arrester support and the lightning arrester form a surface contact, and the lightning arrester support adopts a smooth transition and surface sealing; 3) Lightning arc suppression includes: controlling the flatness of the lightning arrester support, the gap between the lightning arrester and the lightning arrester support, and sealing the lightning arrester support.

[0015] In this embodiment, a low electromagnetic force structure is adopted. Specifically, the structural design is determined by the electromagnetic force distribution of the connection piece between the lightning receptor support and the lightning receptor, thereby ensuring the reliability of the connection.

[0016] This embodiment designs the shape and size to meet the current skin effect, uses simulation analysis to evaluate the conduction temperature distribution of lightning current in the blade, and verifies the degree of thermal damage through lightning test.

[0017] In one embodiment, after the first blade body lightning rod and the second blade body lightning rod are installed, an end of the first blade body lightning rod away from the lightning rod support and an end of the second blade body lightning rod away from the lightning rod support are filled with insulating material. The insulating material is used to seal the end of the first blade body lightning rod away from the lightning rod support and the end of the second blade body lightning rod away from the lightning rod support to prevent the entry of water vapor and dust.

[0018] In one embodiment, the conductive down conductor comprises:

[0019] The main down conductor is arranged along the axial direction of the blade and is connected to a plurality of blade air terminal assemblies;

[0020] There are multiple sub-conducting down conductors, one end of each sub-conducting down conductor is connected to the main conducting down conductor, and the other end is connected to the blade body lightning rod assembly.

[0021] This embodiment arranges a plurality of blade body lightning rod assemblies at positions in the axial direction of the blade, and distributes a plurality of blade body lightning rod assemblies at positions forming a certain angle with the axial direction of the blade, so as to achieve the purpose of rearranging the setting positions of the lightning rods and thereby improve the lightning-receiving efficiency of the lightning rods.

[0022] In one embodiment, the plurality of sub-conducting down conductors are all arranged on one side of the main conducting down conductor.

[0023] In one embodiment, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly and the blade body lightning receptor assembly have the same structure.

[0024] In one embodiment, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly has a different structure from the blade body lightning receptor assembly; the blade tip lightning receptor assembly includes:

[0025] The blade tip lightning receptor is embedded in the inner cavity of the blade tip;

[0026] The rear cover is arranged at the end of the blade tip lightning receptor and can be buckled with the blade tip lightning receptor.

[0027] In this embodiment, the blade tip lightning receptor is embedded in the inner cavity of the blade tip, and a back cover is provided and snapped together with the blade tip to fix the blade tip lightning receptor in the blade cavity.

[0028] In one embodiment, a clamping block is provided at one end of the blade tip lightning receptor close to the rear cover, and a clamping slot cooperating with the clamping block is provided on the rear cover.

[0029] This embodiment facilitates the disassembly and installation of the blade tip lightning receptor by arranging the cooperation between the clamping block and the clamping slot.

[0030] In one embodiment, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly further comprises a mounting head, an end of the blade tip lightning receptor away from the rear cover is provided with a mounting groove, and the blade tip lightning receptor is connected to the conductive down conductor via the mounting head.

[0031] In one embodiment, a cylindrical connector is provided at one end of the mounting head, and a special-shaped connecting plate is provided at the other end. The mounting groove is set as a special-shaped groove matching the special-shaped connecting plate. When installing the blade tip lightning rod assembly, the cylindrical connector at one end of the mounting head is connected to the conductive down conductor, and the special-shaped connecting plate at the other end is connected to the special-shaped groove of the blade tip lightning rod.

[0032] In one embodiment, the outer side of the blade tip lightning receptor is wrapped with a blade tip insulation layer.

[0033] In one embodiment, the shape of the blade tip lightning receptor is the same as the shape of a position near the blade tip on the blade, and the shape of the rear cover is the same as the shape of the blade tip on the blade.

[0034] In one embodiment, the outer side of the lightning receptor support is wrapped with a molded insulating layer, and the shape of the molded insulating layer is the same as the shape of the combination of the lightning receptor support and the blade body lightning receptor.

[0035] This embodiment coats the exterior of the lightning receptor support with a material with a dielectric constant of 0.3 to 3.8 and cures it within a very short time (2-5 seconds) at a pressure exceeding 40 MPa. Optional materials include ceramics, polymers, and glass fiber reinforced plastics. This ensures that lightning can reach the blade tip receptor from a 5-meter distance under high lightning voltage without lightning breakdown. The blade tip insulation layer formed using this method is generally less than 4 mm thick, with ceramic materials achieving 10 mm, providing excellent density and high strength.

[0036] In one embodiment, the height of the lightning receptor support is set to 40 mm-60 mm; the height of the mounting bracket is set to 180 mm-250 mm.

[0037] In one embodiment, the length of the rear cover is set to 50-280 mm; the length of the blade tip lightning receptor installed in the blade cavity is set to 130-300 mm.

[0038] In one embodiment, the conductive down conductor adopts a cable with a lightning breakdown strength greater than 100 kV to meet the requirement of consistent insulation performance of various parts of the lightning receptor assembly.

[0039] In one embodiment, the support body includes a first support body and a second support body, the first support body is provided with an axially penetrating first groove, the second support body is provided with an axially penetrating second groove, and the first groove and the second groove form the hollow structure.

[0040] In one embodiment, a plurality of through holes are provided on the first support body and the second support body, and fasteners pass through the through holes to connect the first support body and the second support body.

[0041] In one embodiment, a boss is provided on the top of the first support body and the second support body, a countersunk hole is provided on the top of the boss, and a connecting piece is provided above the boss, one end of the connecting piece is connected to the lightning rod, and the other end is connected to the countersunk hole.

[0042] In one embodiment, a retaining ring is provided between the connecting member and the boss, one end of the connecting member is connected to the lightning receptor, and the other end passes through the retaining ring and is connected to the countersunk hole.

[0043] In one embodiment, the mounting bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, and the first clamping column and the first clamping block are provided on both sides of one end of the first bracket, and the first clamping hole and the first clamping groove are provided on both sides of the other end; the second clamping hole and the second clamping groove are provided on both sides of one end of the second bracket, and the second clamping column and the second clamping block are provided on both sides of the other end; the connection between the first clamping column and the second clamping hole, the first clamping block and the second clamping groove, the first clamping hole and the second clamping column, and the first clamping groove and the second clamping block is realized.

[0044] In one embodiment, ribs may be provided on both the first bracket and the second bracket to prevent the lightning receptor from shaking.

[0045] In one embodiment, the blade body lightning receptor, blade tip lightning receptor, lightning receptor support, and connecting piece are all made of metal material, and the metal material includes copper, aluminum, or stainless steel.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first interface, the second interface, the third interface, and the fourth interface are all arranged in a circular shape.

[0047] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blade lightning arrester assembly for a blade lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator set is provided.

[0048] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blade tip lightning receptor assembly for a blade lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator set is provided.

[0049] According to a fourth aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for setting a lightning receptor assembly is provided. The method is applied to the blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator set provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, and the method includes:

[0050] Establishing a lightning induction physical model by setting the blade at an angle to the horizontal plane and placing a high-voltage rod electrode directly above the middle of the blade tip lightning receptor assembly and the adjacent blade body lightning receptor assembly; wherein the placement height of the high-voltage rod electrode is not less than 2m;

[0051] Calculate the electric potential distribution on the blade surface;

[0052] The distances between the plurality of blade body lightning receptor assemblies and blade tip lightning receptor assemblies are determined according to the electric potential distribution on the blade surface.

[0053] In one embodiment, the lightning protection evaluation is performed according to the following calculation formula:

[0054]

[0055] Among them, K is the lightning path coefficient, U1 is the potential of the electrode, U2 is the potential of the blade surface opposite to the electrode, H is the vertical distance between the electrode and the blade surface, and D is the distance between the electrode and the lightning receptor. The K value is a measure of the path coefficient from lightning strike to the lightning receptor and from lightning strike to the blade surface. The larger the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path deviates toward the lightning receptor, that is, the greater the probability that lightning strikes the lightning receptor. The smaller the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path deviates toward the blade surface, that is, the greater the probability that lightning strikes the blade.

[0056] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator system disclosed herein;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator set disclosed herein;

[0060] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the blade air terminal assembly in the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 4 is an exploded view of the blade air terminal assembly in the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a lightning receptor support in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a lightning receptor support in another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first support body in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a second support body in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first bracket in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a second bracket in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 11is a schematic structural diagram of a blade tip lightning receptor assembly in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade tip lightning receptor assembly in another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] Figure 13 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blade tip lightning receptor disclosed herein;

[0071] Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the back cover of the present disclosure;

[0072] Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of the mounting head disclosed herein;

[0073] In the figure, 1-conduction down conductor, 2-blade air terminal assembly, 3-blade tip air terminal assembly, 4-connector, 11-main conduction down conductor, 12-sub-conduction down conductor, 21-blade air terminal, 22-air terminal support, 23-mounting bracket, 24-molded insulation layer, 25-connector, 26-retaining ring, 211-first blade air terminal, 212-second blade air terminal, 22-air terminal support, 221-support body, 2211-first interface, 2212-second interface, 2213-third interface, 2214-fourth interface, 2215-first support body, 2216-second support body, 2217- First groove, 2218-second groove, 2219-through hole, 2220-boss, 231-first bracket, 232-second bracket, 233-rib, 2311-first clamping column, 2312-first clamping block, 2313-first clamping hole, 2314-first clamping groove, 2321-second clamping hole, 2322-second clamping groove, 2323-second clamping column, 2324-second clamping block, 31-blade tip lightning rod, 32-rear cover, 33-mounting head, 311-block, 312-mounting groove, 321-slot, 331-fixing hole, 331-cylindrical connecting head, 332-special-shaped connecting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of devices and systems consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0075] According to the first aspect of the embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 1-5As shown, a lightning protection system for blades of a wind turbine generator set is provided. A conductive down conductor 1 is provided in the inner cavity of the blade. The lightning protection system includes:

[0076] A plurality of blade air receptor assemblies 2 are arranged on the blade body;

[0077] The blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 is arranged on the blade tip;

[0078] The blade body lightning receptor assembly 2 and the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 are both connected via a conductive down conductor 1;

[0079] The blade air terminal assembly 2 includes:

[0080] The blade body lightning receptor 21 includes a first blade body lightning receptor 211 and a second blade body lightning receptor 212;

[0081] The lightning receptor support 22 includes a support body 221, and a first interface 2211, a second interface 2212, a third interface 2213, and a fourth interface 2214 provided on the support body 221. The first interface 2211 and the third interface 2213 are arranged opposite each other, and the second interface 2212 and the fourth interface 2214 are arranged opposite each other. The first interface 2211 and the third interface 2213 are interconnected to form a hollow structure for the conduction down conductor to pass through. The second interface 2212 is used to fix the first blade airframe lightning receptor 211, and the fourth interface 2214 is used to fix the second blade airframe lightning receptor 212.

[0082] The mounting bracket 23 is used to fix the lightning receptor support 22 .

[0083] like Figure 5 As shown, the shape of the lightning receptor support in the present disclosure can be a rectangular structure with rounded corners; and, in order to make the lightning receptor support in this embodiment more in line with the current skin effect, this embodiment sets the two surfaces of the first interface and the third interface on the rectangular structure of the lightning receptor support with rounded corners as curved surfaces.

[0084] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the support body of the lightning receptor support can also be set to a spherical shape, and the four interfaces can be set to a circular boss structure, and the side of the circular boss can be set to a curved surface, so that the lightning receptor support in this embodiment is more in line with the current skin effect.

[0085] It should be noted that the layout of the lightning receptors in this implementation is determined by establishing a physical model of lightning induction and using simulation software to calculate the electric potential distribution on the blade surface to determine the appropriate distance between the receptors. In actual operation, the blade is most difficult to receive lightning when the lightning protection system is horizontal. Therefore, during simulation modeling, the blade is placed horizontally and the high-voltage rod electrode is placed at a point H directly above the midpoint between the tip lightning receptor and the first blade body lightning receptor. In theory, the closer the electrode is to the blade, the more difficult it is to deflect the lightning path, and the more stringent the inspection conditions are. Therefore, the electrode is arranged at H = 2m (a more stringent condition than the experimental conditions). The horizontal distance between the tip lightning receptor and the first blade body lightning receptor is D, simulating the lightning reception between the first blade body lightning receptor and the tip lightning receptor during a lightning strike.

[0086] However, during actual operation, due to the continuous rotation of the blades, most of the time, the blades are at an angle to the horizontal plane. Therefore, the simulation analysis in this embodiment takes this angle into account. In this embodiment, when establishing the simulation model, the blades are set to maintain a certain angle with the horizontal plane, and the high-voltage rod electrode is placed above the midpoint between the blade tip lightning receptor and the first blade body lightning receptor. The electrode rod placement height can be determined based on the simulation model calculation results and theoretical analysis when the blade is placed horizontally.

[0087] Combined with the actual lightning strike process of the blade, the following formula is used to evaluate the lightning strike:

[0088]

[0089] Where K is the lightning path coefficient, U1 is the electrode potential, U2 is the blade surface potential directly opposite the electrode, H is the vertical distance between the electrode and the blade surface, and D is the distance between the electrode and the lightning receptor. The K value measures the path coefficient from lightning strikes to the receptor and from lightning strikes to the blade surface. The larger the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path will deviate toward the receptor, meaning the lightning will strike the receptor. The smaller the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path will deviate toward the blade surface, meaning the lightning will strike the blade. Based on the results of numerous blade lightning tests, as long as the blade receptor layout is appropriate, the K value will be within a certain range.

[0090] For example,

[0091] In one model of blade, the maximum distance between the tip lightning receptor assembly at the tip of the blade and the first blade body lightning receptor assembly adjacent to it is set to 2.8m, and the optimal distance is 2m; the maximum distance between the second blade body lightning receptor assembly adjacent to the first blade body lightning receptor assembly and the first blade body lightning receptor assembly is 7.6m, and the optimal distance is 3m; the maximum distance between the third blade body lightning receptor assembly adjacent to the second blade body lightning receptor assembly and the second blade body lightning receptor assembly is 15m, and the optimal distance is 8.9m.

[0092] It is understandable that, depending on the lightning environment of the actual use area of the blade, if lightning receptors need to be arranged in other locations on the blade, the specific arrangement positions of the lightning receptors are further calculated using the above method.

[0093] In one embodiment, the first interface 2211 , the second interface 2212 , the third interface 2213 , and the fourth interface 2214 are all arranged in a circular shape.

[0094] In one embodiment, after the first blade body lightning rod 211 and the second blade body lightning rod 212 are installed, the end of the first blade body lightning rod 211 away from the lightning rod support 22 and the end of the second blade body lightning rod 212 away from the lightning rod support 23 are filled with insulating material. The insulating material is used to seal the end of the first blade body lightning rod 211 away from the lightning rod support 23 and the end of the second blade body lightning rod 212 away from the lightning rod support 23 to prevent the entry of water vapor and dust.

[0095] In one embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the conductive down conductor 1 includes:

[0096] The main down conductor 11 is arranged along the axial direction of the blade and is connected to a plurality of blade air receptor assemblies 2;

[0097] There are multiple sub-conducting down conductors 12, one end of each sub-conducting down conductor 12 is connected to the main conducting down conductor 11, and the other end is connected to the blade body lightning receptor assembly 2.

[0098] This embodiment arranges a plurality of blade body lightning rod assemblies at positions in the axial direction of the blade, and distributes a plurality of blade body lightning rod assemblies at positions forming a certain angle with the axial direction of the blade, so as to achieve the purpose of rearranging the setting positions of the lightning rods and thereby improve the lightning-receiving efficiency of the lightning rods.

[0099] Preferably, each of the sub-conducting down conductors 12 is connected to the main conducting down conductor 11 via a connector 4 .

[0100] In one embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, a plurality of sub-conducting down conductors 12 are all arranged on one side of the main conducting down conductor 11 .

[0101] In this embodiment, multiple sub-conducting down conductors 12 are arranged on one side of the main conducting down conductor 11 to ensure that multiple blade air receptor assemblies 2 are arranged on the windward side of the blade, thereby improving the reliability of the air receptors.

[0102] In one embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 2 has the same structure as the blade body lightning receptor assembly 1, and the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 2 will not be described in detail here.

[0103] This embodiment saves processing costs, facilitates batch production and processing, and reduces time costs by setting the structure of the blade tip lightning receptor assembly to be the same as that of the blade body lightning receptor.

[0104] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 is different from the blade body lightning receptor assembly 1 in structure; Figure 11-15 As shown. The blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 includes:

[0105] The blade tip lightning receptor 31 is embedded in the inner cavity of the blade tip;

[0106] The rear cover 32 is disposed at the end of the blade tip lightning receptor 31 and can be buckled with the blade tip lightning receptor 31 .

[0107] In this embodiment, the blade tip lightning receptor 31 is embedded in the inner cavity of the blade tip, and a back cover 32 is provided and snapped together with the blade tip to fix the blade tip lightning receptor 31 in the blade cavity.

[0108] In one embodiment, Figure 13 、 14 As shown, a block 311 is provided at one end of the blade tip lightning receptor 31 near the rear cover 32, and a slot 321 is provided on the rear cover 32 to cooperate with the block 31. In this embodiment, the block 311 cooperates with the slot 321 to facilitate the removal and installation of the blade tip lightning receptor 31.

[0109] In one embodiment, Figure 12 、 15 As shown, the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 further includes a mounting head 33 , and a mounting groove 312 is provided at one end of the blade tip lightning receptor 31 away from the rear cover 32 , and the blade tip lightning receptor 31 is connected to the conductive down conductor through the mounting head 33 .

[0110] In one embodiment, Figure 12 、 13 As shown in Figure 15, a cylindrical connecting head 331 is provided at one end of the mounting head 33, and a special-shaped connecting plate 332 is provided at the other end. The mounting groove 312 is set as a special-shaped groove matching the special-shaped connecting plate 332. When installing the blade tip lightning rod assembly, the cylindrical connecting head 331 at one end of the mounting head 33 is connected to the conductive down conductor, and the special-shaped connecting plate 332 at the other end is connected to the special-shaped groove of the blade tip lightning rod.

[0111] In one embodiment, the outer side of the blade tip lightning receptor 31 is wrapped with a blade tip insulation layer, a fixing hole is provided on the blade tip insulation layer, and a fixing block is provided on the blade tip lightning receptor 31 to be engaged with the fixing hole.

[0112] The blade tip insulation layer in this embodiment can be provided in the following manner:

[0113] Within an extremely short timeframe of 2-5 seconds, and under a pressure exceeding 40 MPa, a material with a dielectric constant of 0.3 to 3.8 is wrapped around the blade tip receptor and cured. This material, which can be ceramic, polymer, or glass fiber reinforced plastic, is then cured to ensure that lightning strikes from other receptors 5 meters away can be connected to the blade tip receptor without lightning breakdown under high lightning voltages. The blade tip insulation layer formed using this method is generally less than 4 mm thick, with ceramic materials capable of reaching 10 mm, offering excellent density and high strength.

[0114] In one embodiment, the tip lightning receptor 31 has the same shape as the blade tip, and the rear cover 32 has the same shape as the blade tip. The above arrangement of this embodiment does not affect the performance of the blade and also makes the blade look beautiful.

[0115] In one embodiment, Figure 3 、 4 As shown, the outer side of the lightning receptor support 22 is wrapped with a molded insulating layer 24, and the shape of the molded insulating layer 24 is the same as the shape of the combination of the lightning receptor support 22 and the blade body lightning receptor.

[0116] In one embodiment, Figure 3 、 9 As shown in Figure 10, a mounting cavity having a shape matching that of the lightning receptor support is provided inside the mounting bracket. In this embodiment, the mounting cavity is provided on the mounting bracket to facilitate installation and fixation of the mounting support.

[0117] The forming of the insulating layer body in this embodiment can be carried out in the following manner:

[0118] Within an extremely short timeframe of 2-5 seconds, and under a pressure exceeding 40 MPa, a material with a dielectric constant of 0.3 to 3.8 is wrapped around the exterior of the lightning receptor support and cured. This material, which can be ceramic, polymer, or glass fiber reinforced plastic, is then cured to ensure that lightning can reach the blade tip receptor from a 5-meter radius under high lightning voltage without lightning breakdown. The blade tip insulation layer formed using this method is generally less than 4 mm thick, with ceramic materials capable of up to 10 mm, offering excellent density and strength.

[0119] Preferably, the height of the lightning receptor support 22 can be set to 40 mm-60 mm; and the height of the mounting bracket 23 can be set to 180 mm-250 mm.

[0120] In one embodiment, the length of the rear cover 32 in the blade tip lightning receptor assembly 3 is set to 50-280 mm; the length of the blade tip lightning receptor 31 installed in the blade cavity is set to 130-300 mm.

[0121] In one embodiment, Figure 7 、 8 As shown, the support body 221 includes a first support body 2215 and a second support body 2216. The first support body 2215 is provided with an axially penetrating first groove 2217, and the second support body 2216 is provided with an axially penetrating second groove 2218. The first groove 2217 and the second groove 2218 form the hollow structure.

[0122] In some preferred embodiments, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the first groove 2217 and the second groove 2218 may be configured as semicircular grooves, so that the first groove 2217 and the second groove 2218 can form a circular through hole that matches the shape of the conductive down conductor.

[0123] In one embodiment, as shown in Figures 7 and 8 , a plurality of through holes 2219 are provided on the first support body 2215 and the second support body 2216 , and fasteners pass through the through holes to connect the first support body 2215 and the second support body 2216 .

[0124] In one embodiment, Figure 5 、 6 As shown, a boss 2220 is provided on the top of the first support body 2215 and the second support body 2216, a countersunk hole is provided on the top of the boss 2220, and a connecting member 25 is provided above the boss, one end of the connecting member 25 is connected to the lightning rod, and the other end is connected to the countersunk hole; a retaining ring 26 is provided between the connecting member 25 and the boss 2220, one end of the connecting member 25 is connected to the lightning rod, and the other end passes through the retaining ring 26 and is connected to the countersunk hole.

[0125] In one embodiment, Figure 4 、 9 As shown in Figure 10, the mounting bracket 23 includes a first bracket 231 and a second bracket 232. The first bracket 231 is provided with a first clamping column 2311 and a first clamping block 2312 on both sides of one end, and a first clamping hole 2313 and a first clamping groove 2314 on both sides of the other end; the second bracket 232 is provided with a second clamping hole 2321 and a second clamping groove 2322 on both sides of one end, and a second clamping column 2323 and a second clamping block 2324 on both sides of the other end; the connection between the first clamping column 2311 and the second clamping hole 2321, the first clamping block 2312 and the second clamping groove 2322, the first clamping hole 2313 and the second clamping column 2323, and the first clamping groove 2314 and the second clamping block 2324 is realized.

[0126] In one embodiment, Figure 3As shown, ribs 233 may be provided on both the first bracket 231 and the second bracket 232 to prevent the lightning receptor from shaking.

[0127] In this embodiment, the mounting bracket is configured to include two parts, so as to facilitate the installation and removal of the lightning receptor support, and further facilitate the installation and removal of the lightning receptor.

[0128] Preferably, the mounting bracket in this embodiment can be manufactured by high-pressure molding, and the manufacturing material is selected from high molecular polymers.

[0129] It is easy for those skilled in the art to know from the technical solution of the present disclosure that the lightning receptor, lightning receptor support, connector, and retaining ring in the present disclosure are all made of metal material, which can be copper, aluminum, or stainless steel.

[0130] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blade lightning arrester assembly for a blade lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator set is provided.

[0131] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure, a blade tip lightning receptor assembly for a blade lightning protection system of a wind turbine generator set is provided.

[0132] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

1. A lightning protection system for blades of a wind turbine generator set, wherein a conductive down conductor is provided in the inner cavity of the blade, characterized in that: The blade lightning protection system includes: A plurality of blade body lightning receptor assemblies are arranged on the blade body; A blade tip lightning receptor assembly is arranged on the tip of the blade; The blade body lightning receptor assembly and the blade tip lightning receptor assembly are both connected via the conductive down conductor; The blade air terminal assembly comprises: The blade body lightning receptor comprises a first blade body lightning receptor and a second blade body lightning receptor; A lightning receptor support includes a support body, and a first interface, a second interface, a third interface, and a fourth interface provided on the support body, wherein the first interface and the third interface are arranged opposite to each other, and the second interface and the fourth interface are arranged opposite to each other; the first interface and the third interface are interconnected to form a hollow structure for the conductive down conductor to pass through, the second interface is used to fix the first blade body lightning receptor, and the fourth interface is used to fix the second blade body lightning receptor; Mounting bracket, used to fix the lightning receptor support; The conductive down conductor comprises: A main down conductor is arranged along the axial direction of the blade and is connected to a plurality of blade air receptor assemblies; A plurality of sub-conducting down conductors, one end of each of the sub-conducting down conductors is connected to the main conducting down conductor, and the other end is connected to the blade air terminal assembly; The plurality of sub-conducting down conductors are all arranged on one side of the main conducting down conductor; The support body includes a first support body and a second support body, the first support body is provided with a first groove extending axially therethrough, the second support body is provided with a second groove extending axially therethrough, and the first groove and the second groove form the hollow structure; The tops of the first support body and the second support body are both provided with bosses, the tops of the bosses are provided with countersunk holes, and a connecting piece is provided above the bosses, one end of the connecting piece is connected to the lightning rod, and the other end is connected to the countersunk hole.

2. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade tip lightning receptor assembly and the blade body lightning receptor assembly have the same structure.

3. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade tip lightning receptor assembly has a different structure from the blade body lightning receptor assembly; the blade tip lightning receptor assembly includes: The blade tip lightning receptor is embedded in the inner cavity of the blade tip; The rear cover is arranged at the end of the blade tip lightning receptor and can be buckled with the blade tip lightning receptor.

4. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the blade tip lightning receptor is wrapped with a blade tip insulation layer.

5. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer side of the lightning receptor support is wrapped with a molded insulating layer body, and the shape of the molded insulating layer body is the same as the shape of the combination of the lightning receptor support and the blade body lightning receptor.

6. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first support body and the second support body are both provided with a plurality of through holes, and fasteners pass through the through holes to connect the first support body and the second support body.

7. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket includes a first bracket and a second bracket, and the first clamping column and the first clamping block are provided on both sides of one end of the first bracket, and the first clamping hole and the first clamping groove are provided on both sides of the other end; the second clamping hole and the second clamping groove are provided on both sides of one end of the second bracket, and the second clamping column and the second clamping block are provided on both sides of the other end; the connection between the first clamping column and the second clamping hole, the first clamping block and the second clamping groove, the first clamping hole and the second clamping column, and the first clamping groove and the second clamping block is realized.

8. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the lightning receptor support is 40mm-60mm; the height of the mounting bracket is 180mm-250mm.

9. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the rear cover is 50mm-280mm; the length of the blade tip lightning receptor installed in the blade cavity is 130mm-300mm.

10. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The blade body lightning receptor, blade tip lightning receptor, lightning receptor support, and connecting piece are all made of metal material, and the metal material includes copper, aluminum, or stainless steel.

11. The blade lightning protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first interface, the second interface, the third interface, and the fourth interface are all arranged in a circular shape.

12. A method for setting up a lightning receptor assembly, characterized in that: The method is applied to the blade lightning protection system for a wind turbine generator set according to any one of claims 1 to 11, and the method comprises: Establishing a lightning induction physical model by setting the blade at an angle to the horizontal plane and placing a high-voltage rod electrode directly above the middle of the blade tip lightning receptor assembly and the adjacent blade body lightning receptor assembly; wherein the placement height of the high-voltage rod electrode is not less than 2m; Calculate the electric potential distribution on the blade surface; The distances between the plurality of blade body lightning receptor assemblies and blade tip lightning receptor assemblies are determined according to the electric potential distribution on the blade surface.

13. The setting method according to claim 12, characterized in that: The lightning protection is evaluated according to the following calculation formula: Among them, K is the lightning path coefficient, U1 is the potential of the electrode, U2 is the potential of the blade surface opposite to the electrode, H is the vertical distance between the electrode and the blade surface, and D is the distance between the electrode and the lightning receptor. The K value is a measure of the path coefficient from lightning strike to the lightning receptor and from lightning strike to the blade surface. The larger the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path deviates toward the lightning receptor, that is, the greater the probability that lightning strikes the lightning receptor. The smaller the K value, the greater the probability that the lightning path deviates toward the blade surface, that is, the greater the probability that lightning strikes the blade.

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