A building unit and a fourth generation mid- and high-rise residential design including the building unit

Abstract

The present invention provides a building unit for the fourth generation of middle and high-rise residential design, comprising: a first residential building part, a second residential building part, a third residential building part and a garage building part; the first and second residential building parts are respectively located on both sides of the upper part of the garage building part, and the third residential building part is located below the garage building part; the garage building part comprises a vehicle elevator part, a fire protection zone and a garage part in order from top to bottom; the fire protection zone is located between the garage part and the vehicle elevator part, and a first fireproof rolling curtain is arranged at the junction of the fire protection zone and the garage part; the first and second residential building parts are only adjacent to the vehicle elevator part and the fire protection zone, and are connected to the fire protection zone; the third residential building part is only adjacent to the garage part, and a fire wall and a plurality of first fireproof doors are arranged between the two; each household in the first, second and third residential building parts is provided with a terrace or a courtyard, in which plants are planted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of architecture, and more specifically relates to a building unit and a fourth-generation middle and high-rise residential design comprising the building unit. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for living places, and have stricter requirements for sound insulation, heat insulation, thermal insulation, sunlight, etc. of buildings, as well as higher requirements for greening and comfort. Green housing (fourth-generation housing) has emerged. The main features of the fourth-generation housing are: each household has a private courtyard where they can grow flowers and vegetables, walk dogs and raise birds, and each floor has a garage, which allows the car to be driven to the doorstep, making the residents more comfortable. However, the combination of car garages, courtyard greening, and ordinary medium and high-rise residential buildings has greatly increased the complexity of fire protection, thus bringing challenges to fire protection engineering.

[0003] Fires in medium and high-rise buildings generally have the following characteristics: (1) There are many combustible materials and a large fire load. With the development of the national economy and the progress of society, people's living standards are constantly improving, and the level of home decoration is getting higher and higher. In residential buildings, a large number of household appliances, clothes and cushioned or solid wood furniture are stacked in a limited space. In addition, a large number of flammable materials are used in decoration, which makes the fire load in the house very large. Once a fire occurs, it will burn violently. (2) The fire spreads quickly. If the vertical shafts such as stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, air ducts, cable shafts, exhaust ducts, etc. in high-rise residential buildings are not properly separated or treated with fire prevention, they are easy to form a vertical "chimney effect" when a fire occurs, becoming a path for the rapid spread of fire. According to measurements, the speed of vertical fire spread is about 5 times faster than the speed of horizontal fire spread. Secondly, wind has a greater impact on high-rise building fires. Because the wind speed increases accordingly with the height of the building. Therefore, the speed of fire spread in high-rise residential buildings is relatively fast, whether inside or outside the building. (3) It is difficult to extinguish. High-rise residential buildings are tall and have large volumes. Once a fire breaks out, it is difficult to put out the fire. (4) Difficulty in evacuation. First, high-rise residential buildings have many floors and long vertical distances, so it takes a long time to evacuate to the ground or other safe places. Second, there are a large number of people in residential buildings, but the number of available evacuation stairs and fire elevators is limited. During the evacuation process, the high temperature and thick smoke generated by the fire make it difficult to evacuate the crowded crowd. Third, the proportion of the elderly, the weak, the sick, the disabled and children in residential buildings is much higher than that in other types of buildings, but these people have poor mobility and weak self-rescue ability, making it even more difficult to evacuate them.

[0004] At the same time, once a fire occurs in a garage, it is very easy to cause a large number of casualties and property losses. This is due to the fact that the fire occurs inside a building, making it relatively difficult to evacuate personnel and rescue firefighters. After a garage fire occurs, it has the characteristics of complex types, rapid fire spread, and is not conducive to the evacuation of personnel and vehicles and difficult firefighting and rescue.

[0005] In addition, the technical characteristics of the fourth generation of buildings are mainly to use the building's viewing balcony (courtyard) for vertical greening and space greening, so that the viewing balcony is covered with flowers, plants and trees. There are many trees planted on the balcony, so the flowers, plants and trees on the viewing balcony are the material basis for fire; from the appearance, a building is like a lush mountain with trees, and the flowers, plants and trees on the viewing balcony are distributed vertically. Once a fire occurs, the fire spreads vertically very quickly. After the trees are burned and broken, the trees ignited by the fire continue to fall from high altitude. If they fall on the lower trees, they will ignite the lower buildings. If they fall on people, they will cause injuries. Even if they fall on the ground, they will continue to burn.

[0006] Therefore, new designs are needed to meet fire protection requirements and adapt to the fourth generation of medium and high-rise residential buildings with cars going upstairs and greening. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a building unit and a fourth-generation mid- and high-rise residential design including the building unit, which can meet the basic requirements of the fourth-generation residence in fire protection, car access to buildings and greening.

[0008] According to one aspect of the present invention, a building unit for designing a fourth generation mid- and high-rise residential building is provided, characterized in that, in a plan view, the building unit comprises: a first residential building portion (100), a second residential building portion (200), a third residential building portion (300) and a garage building portion (400); the first residential building portion and the second residential building portion are respectively located on both sides of the upper part of the garage building portion, and the third residential building portion is located below the garage building portion;

[0009] The garage building part (400) includes, from top to bottom, a vehicle elevator part (410), a fire prevention area (420) and a garage part (430); the vehicle elevator part (410) includes a plurality of vehicle elevators (411) arranged in parallel; the fire prevention area (420) is located between the garage part (430) and the vehicle elevator part (410), and a first fireproof rolling curtain (421) is arranged at the junction of the fire prevention area (420) and the garage part (430);

[0010] The first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) are adjacent to only the vehicle elevator section (410) and the fireproof area (420) of the garage building section, and are connected to the fireproof area (420); the third residential building section (300) is adjacent to only the garage section (430) of the garage building section, and a fire wall 310 and a plurality of first fireproof doors (320) are arranged between the two;

[0011] In the third residential building part (300), a three-in-one front room (330) adjacent to the garage part (430), a scissor staircase (340), and a second front room (350) are provided, wherein the three-in-one front room (330) includes a first front room (331) adjacent to the garage part (430) and a common front room (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first front room (331) and the common front room (332); the three-in-one front room (330) The first antechamber (331), the second antechamber (350) and the shared antechamber (332) are respectively arranged on both sides of the scissor staircase (340); the first antechamber (331), the second antechamber (350) and the shared antechamber (332) are respectively connected to the scissor staircase (340); the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through their respective first fire doors (320), and the distance V between the fire doors of the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) is greater than 5 meters;

[0012] Each household in the first residential building part (100), the second residential building part (200), and the third residential building part (300) is provided with a terrace or a courtyard (106, 206, 306), and plants are planted in the terrace or the courtyard.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a water curtain system is provided on the side of the first fireproof roller curtain (421) facing the garage part (430), and a drainage ditch is also provided on the ground below the first fireproof roller curtain (421).

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the garage part (430) is an open garage.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the garage portion (430) is provided with an automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system or an automatic water sprinkler foam combined system.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fire resistance limit of the first fireproof roller shutter (421), the fire wall (310) and the first fireproof door (320) is not less than 3 hours.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in the third residential building part (300), a first isolation zone (370) and a second isolation zone (380) adjacent to the garage part (430) are also provided, and the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone 380 are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through their respective first fire doors (320).

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) each have an area of ​​not less than 6m 2 .

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first antechamber (331), the common antechamber (332), the scissor staircase (340), and the second antechamber (350) are each independently provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanical pressurized air supply system.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shielding door of each vehicle-mounted elevator (411) is a fire-resistant shielding door and / or a corresponding second fireproof rolling curtain (422) is arranged in front of the shielding door of each vehicle-mounted elevator (411), for example, the fire resistance limit of the second fireproof rolling curtain (422) is not less than 3 hours.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the spacing distance W between the first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) that is not adjacent to the garage building section (400) and the garage section (430) is at least 1.2 meters.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the width U of the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone (380) is not less than 3 meters.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fourth generation mid- to high-rise residential design, comprising at least one building unit according to the present invention.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the design of the mid- and high-rise residential building also includes dual water sources as fire water sources, wherein the first group of water sources is an underground fire water pool and a fire pump; the second group of water sources is a rooftop fire water tank, and the effective volume of the rooftop fire water tank is not less than 50m 3 .

[0025] The fourth generation of housing is a new type of modern housing developed from the third generation of concrete housing. One of the main features of this type of housing is that it has the convenience of transportation to the doorstep, which meets people's pursuit of a green environment, while also having the feeling of towering into the sky like modern housing. It is a major technological innovation in China where land is scarce, population is dense, and the quality of life needs to be greatly improved.

[0026] The present invention adopts reasonable fire prevention measures, so that the fourth generation of housing can meet the needs of cars entering the building and greening, and meet the safety of the housing. Fire separation measures such as fire walls, fire curtains, water curtains, fire doors, etc. are used to separate the housing from the garage to meet fire safety.

[0027] For example, a three-in-one scissor staircase is used in the third residential building part (300), and a common vestibule is set up to meet the requirements of residential evacuation on one side. Two evacuation exit fire doors are added on the garage side and are connected to the three-in-one vestibule and the scissor staircase to meet the requirements of two-way evacuation of the garage and the requirements of fire separation.

[0028] For example, in the garage building part (400), the shielding door of the car elevator is fire-resistant and / or has an additional 3h fire resistance limit fire door, so that the garage is separated from the residence (the first and second residential building parts), and the residences on both sides are connected through a passage formed by fireproof roller shutters, meeting the requirements of two-way evacuation of the residences.

[0029] For example, each household in the first residential building part (100), the second residential building part (200), and the third residential building part (300) is provided with a terrace or courtyard, and plants such as green landscape plants are planted in the terrace or courtyard to meet people's needs for a natural environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a plan structure of a building unit designed for a fourth-generation mid- and high-rise residential building according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of a building unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 Another partially enlarged view of a building unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 The diagram is a top view of a high-rise residential building including the building unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of fire heat release rate results of a fire simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing the effects of the fire area and glass breakage at different times in a fire simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of fire heat release rate results of a fire simulation according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the fire area and glass breakage effects at different times in a fire simulation according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or descriptions, similar or identical parts all use the same figure numbers. The implementation methods not shown or described in the drawings are forms known to ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field. In addition, although demonstrations of parameters containing specific values ​​may be provided herein, it should be understood that the parameters do not need to be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but can be approximated to the corresponding values ​​within an acceptable error tolerance or design constraint. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only referenced to the directions of the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are used to illustrate and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plan structure of a building unit designed for a fourth-generation mid- and high-rise residential building according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A building unit of the high-rise residential design of the present invention may include a first residential building portion 100, a second residential building portion 200, a third residential building portion 300 and a garage building portion 400. The portion indicated by the dotted line frame in the figure is the garage building portion 400, the first residential building portion 100 and the second residential building portion 200 are respectively located on both sides of the upper part of the garage building portion, and the third residential building portion 300 is located at the lower end of the garage building portion 400. From a plan view, the garage building portion 400 includes a vehicle elevator portion 410, a fire protection area 420 and a garage portion 430 from top to bottom.

[0040] Figure 2 1 is a partially enlarged view of a building unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, that is, it includes a first residential building portion 100, a second residential building portion 200 and a portion of a garage building portion 400.

[0041] like Figure 2As shown, the vehicle elevator part 410 includes a plurality of vehicle elevators 411 arranged in parallel, and four vehicle elevators 411 are shown in the figure, and other suitable numbers of vehicle elevators 411 may also be provided. The shielding door of each vehicle elevator (411) may be a fire-resistant shielding door and / or a corresponding second fireproof rolling curtain (422) may be provided in front of the shielding door of each vehicle elevator (411), and for example, the fire resistance limit of the second fireproof rolling curtain (422) is not less than 3 hours. In this way, the vehicle elevator part 410 can be isolated from other parts of the building in terms of fire protection, forming an independent space.

[0042] The fireproof area 420 is located in the space between the garage part 430 and the vehicle elevator part 410, and a first fireproof rolling curtain 421 is arranged at the junction of the fireproof area 420 and the garage part 430. The fire resistance limit of the first fireproof rolling curtain (421) is, for example, not less than 3 hours. The fireproof rolling curtain is in a rolled-up state under normal conditions, so that cars and people can pass normally. When a fire occurs, the sensor of the fireproof rolling curtain senses the corresponding disaster situation and can issue a command to make the fireproof rolling curtain unfold and fall, thereby achieving the purpose of fire isolation.

[0043] In order to achieve a better fire prevention effect, a water curtain system (not shown) can be set in the garage building part 400, also known as a water curtain fire extinguishing system, which is generally composed of a water curtain nozzle, a deluge alarm valve group or a temperature-sensitive deluge valve, a water supply and distribution pipeline, a control valve and a water flow alarm device, etc., and is an automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system that mainly plays the role of fire blocking, cooling and isolation. According to the function of the water curtain, it is divided into two types: a fire separation water curtain and a protective cooling water curtain. As shown in the figure, in the fire protection area 420, a fire protection water curtain system / water curtain cooling system, that is, a fire separation water curtain / protective cooling water curtain, can be set on the side of the first fire curtain (421) facing the garage part 430 to obtain a better fire prevention effect. At the same time, a drainage ditch (not shown) is also set on the ground below the first fire curtain (421).

[0044] The garage part 430 is provided with a plurality of parking spaces 431 on both sides, and the middle part is a fourth passage 432. After the car exits the vehicle-mounted elevator part 410, it can pass through the fire protection zone and then enter the garage part 430 for parking. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the garage part (430) can be an open garage, which is conducive to exhaust gas emission and fire prevention. In order to achieve a better fire prevention effect, the garage part (430) can be provided with an automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system or an automatic water sprinkler foam combination system (not shown).

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) are adjacent to only the vehicle elevator section (410) and the fire protection zone (420) of the garage building section, and are connected to the fire protection zone (420). Figure 2 As shown, the stairs (101, 201) of the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 are respectively adjacent to the vehicle elevator part 410 of the garage building part 400; the antechambers (102, 202) and elevators (103, 203) of the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 are adjacent to the fire protection zone 420 of the garage building part 400, and are connected to the fire protection zone 420 of the garage building part 400 through their respective passages (104, 204) and antechambers (102, 202).

[0046] When a fire occurs, the first fireproof roller shutter (421) and the second fireproof roller shutter 422 can separate the fire zone (420) from other parts of the garage building part 400, forming a relatively safe fireproof passage, and the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 on both sides are connected to the passage, which can meet the requirements of two-way residential evacuation.

[0047] As shown in the figure, except for the stairs (101, 201), the front room (102, 202) and the elevator (103, 203), the rest of the parts are not adjacent to the garage building part (400). That is, the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 in the figure are basically not adjacent to the garage part (430). The parts of the first residential building part (100) and the second residential building part (200) closest to the garage part (430) of the garage building part (400) include the guest room (105 / 205) and the terrace / courtyard (106, 206), and the spacing W between them is at least 1.2 meters. Such a distance can achieve a good fire prevention effect. Of course, in other embodiments, the closest part can also be other structural units, but the distance between it and the garage part (430) should meet the above requirements. In addition, in order to enhance the fire-fighting effect, the above-mentioned closest parts and corresponding parts can be made of solid walls. For example, the fences of the open garage and the viewing balcony are made of solid walls, and the height is preferably not less than 1.2m.

[0048] In addition, each household in the first residential building part 100 and the second residential building part 200 is provided with a terrace / courtyard (106, 206), and plants can be planted in the terrace / courtyard (106, 206). The terrace / courtyard (106, 206) can have a large area, such as 15-40 square meters, 20 square meters, 30 square meters, etc., providing such an environment to meet people's needs for a natural green environment.

[0049] For example, you can choose ferns and climbing plants, such as creeper, trachelospermum, ivy, clematis, and green radish; trees such as camellia, white jasmine, osmanthus, and crabapple; shrubs such as rose, azalea, peony, barberry, boxwood, juniper, cypress, forsythia, jasmine, rose, jasmine, and salix psammophila; and herbaceous plants such as morning glory and dieffenbachia.

[0050] From the perspective of fire protection, the flowers, plants and trees planted on the viewing terrace / courtyard are preferably non-oily and non-deciduous plants. The height of the trees is preferably no more than 1.5m, the crown diameter is preferably no more than about 1m, and the number of trees planted should not be too many. For example, 3-4 trees can be planted on each household's terrace. The fire protection distance between the plants planted on the terrace or courtyard and the room is preferably no less than 2.2m. In addition, a simple automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system (not shown) can be set up on the viewing terrace / courtyard, or connected from the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system in the garage, and the sprinkler head can use a quick response sprinkler head, which can enhance the fire protection capability.

[0051] It should be understood that the other structural designs of the first residential building section 100 and the second residential building section 200 may be conventional residential designs, which will not be described in detail herein.

[0052] Figure 3 Another partial enlarged view of a building unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, that is, including a third residential building portion (300) and a portion of a garage building portion 400. As shown in the figure, the third residential building portion (300) is only adjacent to the garage portion (430) of the garage building portion, and a fire wall 310 and a plurality of first fire doors (320) are arranged between the two. The fire resistance limit of the fire wall (310) and the first fire door (320) can be, for example, not less than 3 hours.

[0053] More specifically, in the third residential building part (300), a three-in-one vestibule (330) adjacent to the garage part (430), a scissor staircase (340), and a second vestibule (350) are provided, wherein the three-in-one vestibule (330) includes a first vestibule (331) adjacent to the garage part (430) and a common vestibule (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first vestibule (331) and the common vestibule (332); the three-in-one vestibule (330) and the second vestibule (350) are respectively The utility model is arranged on both sides of the scissor staircase (340), and the first antechamber (331), the second antechamber (350) and the common antechamber (332) are respectively connected to the scissor staircase (340); the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through their respective first fire doors (320); the distance V between the fire doors of the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) is greater than 5 meters, and the respective areas of the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) are not less than 6m 2 Such a design is conducive to evacuation in case of fire. For example, when a fire occurs in the garage, the evacuees can be evacuated to the scissor stairs (340) through the plurality of first fire doors (320), and when a fire occurs in the third residential building part (300), the evacuees can enter the three-in-one front room (330) through its passage 390 and then evacuate through the scissor stairs (340).

[0054] As shown in the figure, in the third residential building part (300), a first isolation zone (370) and a second isolation zone (380) adjacent to the garage part (430) are also provided, and the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone 380 are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through their respective first fire doors (320). The first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone (380) have an appropriate width U, for example, the width U is not less than 3 meters. The setting of the isolation zone isolates the garage from the actual living part of the residents in the third residential building part (300), and can provide a buffer zone in the event of a fire to prevent the rapid spread of the fire between the two, thereby buying time for the residents to escape from the fire. In addition, the isolation zone actually provides another escape route. Preferably, the first and second isolation zones can be gardens, in which flowers, plants and trees are planted to meet the green environment and rest requirements of the residents.

[0055] refer to Figure 3The scissor staircase (340) is arranged on one side of the three-in-one front room (330), and the other side of the three-in-one front room (330) can be provided with building ancillary facilities. For example, a water well 333, an electric well 334, a spare elevator hole 335, a passenger elevator 336, and a fire elevator 337 can be provided. The first isolation zone (370) is arranged on one side of these building ancillary facilities. The second isolation zone 380 is arranged on one side of the second front room (350) and the scissor staircase (340).

[0056] Similar to the first residential building section 100 and the second residential building section 200, each household in the third residential building section 300 is provided with a terrace or a courtyard (306), and plants are planted in the terrace or the courtyard.

[0057] It should be understood that, like the first residential building section 100 and the second residential building section 200, the other structural designs of the third residential building section 300 can be conventional residential designs. For example, the stairs (101, 201) of the first residential building section 100 and the second residential building section 200, the first antechamber (331), the common antechamber (332), the scissor stairs (340), and the second antechamber (350) of the third residential building section 300 can be independently provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanical pressurized air supply system, which will not be described in detail one by one here.

[0058] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a fourth generation mid- and high-rise residential design, which comprises at least one building unit according to the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic top view of a high-rise residential building including the building unit according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 The high-rise residential design can be, for example, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or even higher floors, such as 20 floors and 30 floors. Each floor can include the building unit of the present invention, so that the residents of each residential floor can have a corresponding garage, and the overall structure is as follows: Figure 4 The building structure shown.

[0059] In order to enhance the fire-fighting effect, such residential design can also include dual water sources as fire-fighting water sources. In addition to the underground fire-fighting water pool and fire-fighting pump as the first group of water sources, a rooftop fire-fighting water tank is also set as the second group of fire-fighting water sources. The effective volume of the rooftop fire-fighting water tank is not less than 50m 3 , thereby providing another fire water source. An automatic fire alarm system can also be set up in the residential design. Like the automatic water sprinkler system and the automatic water sprinkler foam system, the automatic fire alarm system is also well known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0060] The building unit of the present invention can be divided into three independent fire partitions. In the plan view, the north side residence is an independent fire partition, the south side residence is an independent fire partition, and the middle garage is separated from the south and north side residences by fire walls, fire doors, fire curtains + fire water curtains to form an independent fire partition. Its evacuation is shared with the south side residence through the front room and the evacuation stairs. Such a design makes the present invention meet the fire protection requirements for cars going upstairs and can meet people's pursuit of a high standard of living.

[0061] In order to verify the fire prevention effect of the technical solution of the present invention when a fire occurs, the present invention uses FDS fire dynamic simulation software to conduct simulation research, as follows:

[0062] Simulation scenario 1: The garage on floor 1 is on fire (i.e., the garage building part (400)). The building unit of the present invention is provided with fire doors, fire shutters, and fire walls, and they are effective;

[0063] Simulation index parameters: fire heat release rate, burned area, temperature, thermal radiation, smoke layer height, CO concentration, visibility, etc.

[0064] See the results below Figure 5 , Figure 6 And Table 1:

[0065] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the fire heat release rate results of fire simulation according to one embodiment of the present invention. The results show that after the garage fire occurred, the heat release rate reached 1MW at 513s, which is between medium-speed fire and slow-speed fire, and the heat release rate reached a peak of 11.3MW around 1800s.

[0066] Figure 6 The figure is a schematic diagram of the fire area and glass breakage at different times in a fire simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The simulation results show that at 400 seconds after the fire, the glass of the burning vehicle is broken, the flames are ejected from the windows, and air enters the vehicle, which intensifies the fire and increases the fire area; at 1200 seconds, the cars on the left and right sides of the burning vehicle are ignited; at 1800 seconds, a total of 3 cars are on fire and the fire is gradually increasing, with the fire area reaching 26m 2 .

[0067] Table 1: Critical values ​​of various indicators and the time of danger

[0068]

[0069] It can be seen from the above table that when a vehicle in the garage catches fire and the fire doors and fire shutters are effective, the danger will come to the burning garage at 430 seconds, and the danger will come to the non-burning garage at 360 seconds. The danger time for the residence, the north and south antechambers and the stairwells is greater than 1800 seconds. When a vehicle in the garage catches fire, and the fire doors and fire shutters are effective, the cars on the left and right sides of the burning vehicle will be ignited at 1200 seconds; within the simulated 1800 seconds, the radiant heat in the building structure adjacent to the garage (such as the terrace) and the residences on the north and south sides did not reach the critical radiant heat flux of the corresponding combustibles, so the garage caught fire and did not spread to the adjacent terrace and residence. The architectural design of the present invention can achieve good fire prevention effects.

[0070] Simulation scenario 2: The garage on floor 1 is on fire (i.e., the garage building part (400)). The building unit of the present invention is provided with fire doors, fire shutters, fire walls, and an automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system, and the fire doors are effective.

[0071] Simulation index parameters: fire heat release rate, burned area, temperature, thermal radiation, smoke layer height, CO concentration, visibility, etc.

[0072] See the results below Figure 7 , Figure 8 And Table 2.

[0073] Figure 7 : is a schematic diagram of the fire heat release rate results of a fire simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The results show that after the garage fire occurred, the heat release rate reached 1MW at 515s, which is between medium-speed fire and slow-speed fire. The fire source is located inside the car. After the sprinkler system is activated at 563s, the water cannot directly act on the fire source, and the fire spreads inside the vehicle. The heat release rate reaches a peak of 2.8MW at around 932s. When the sprinkler system is effective, the garage fire is effectively controlled.

[0074] Figure 8 The figure is a schematic diagram of the fire area and glass breakage at different times in a fire simulation according to an embodiment of the present invention. The simulation results show that at 400 seconds after the fire, the glass of the burning vehicle is broken, and air enters the vehicle, exacerbating the fire; at 563 seconds, the first nozzle of the automatic sprinkler system starts to start, and the fire is under control. Only the burning vehicle is burning, and other vehicles are not ignited, so the fire area is small.

[0075] Table 2 shows the critical values ​​of each indicator and the time when danger will come.

[0076] Table 2: Critical values ​​of various indicators and the time of danger

[0077]

[0078] It can be seen from the above table that when a vehicle catches fire in a garage, when the fire doors, fire shutters and automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems are all effective, the danger will come into being in 432 seconds for a burning garage and 375 seconds for a non-burning garage. The danger will come into being in more than 1800 seconds for residences, north and south vestibules and stairwells.

[0079] When a vehicle in the garage caught fire, the fire doors, fire shutters, and automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing systems were all effective, and the fire was effectively controlled without igniting other vehicles; within the simulated 1800s, the radiant heat in the terrace adjacent to the garage and the houses on the north and south sides did not reach the critical radiant heat flux of the corresponding combustibles, so the garage caught fire and did not spread to the adjacent terraces and houses. The architectural design of the present invention can achieve good fire prevention effects.

[0080] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present disclosure, the technical solution of the present disclosure can be subjected to a variety of simple modifications, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure. It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure will not further describe various possible combinations. In addition, the various different embodiments of the present disclosure can also be arbitrarily combined, as long as they do not violate the ideas of the present disclosure, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A building unit for the fourth generation of mid- and high-rise residential design, characterized in that: In a plan view, the building unit comprises: a first residential building portion (100), a second residential building portion (200), a third residential building portion (300) and a garage building portion (400); the first residential building portion and the second residential building portion are respectively located on both sides of the upper part of the garage building portion (400), and the third residential building portion is located below the garage building portion (400); The garage building part (400) includes, from top to bottom, a vehicle elevator part (410), a fire prevention area (420), and a garage part (430); the vehicle elevator part (410) includes a plurality of vehicle elevators (411) arranged in parallel; the fire prevention area (420) is located between the garage part (430) and the vehicle elevator part (410), and a first fireproof rolling curtain (421) is provided at the junction of the fire prevention area (420) and the garage part (430); The first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) are adjacent only to the vehicle elevator section (410) and the fire protection zone (420) of the garage building section, and are connected to the fire protection zone (420); the third residential building section (300) is adjacent only to the garage section (430) of the garage building section, and a fire wall 310 and a plurality of first fire doors (320) are arranged between the two; In the third residential building part (300), a three-in-one front room (330) adjacent to the garage part (430), a scissor staircase (340), and a second front room (350) are provided, wherein the three-in-one front room (330) includes a first front room (331) adjacent to the garage part (430) and a common front room (332), and a second fire door (360) is provided between the first front room (331) and the common front room (332); the three-in-one front room (330) The first antechamber (331), the second antechamber (350) and the shared antechamber (332) are respectively arranged on both sides of the scissor staircase (340); the first antechamber (331), the second antechamber (350) and the shared antechamber (332) are respectively connected to the scissor staircase (340); the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through their respective first fire doors (320), and the distance V between the fire doors of the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) is greater than 5 meters; Each household in the first residential building part (100), the second residential building part (200), and the third residential building part (300) is provided with a terrace or a courtyard (106, 206, 306), and plants are planted in the terrace or the courtyard; The shielding door of each vehicle-mounted elevator (411) is a fire-resistant shielding door and / or a corresponding second fireproof rolling curtain (422) is arranged in front of the shielding door of each vehicle-mounted elevator (411); Wherein, the garage part (430) is provided with an automatic water sprinkler fire extinguishing system or an automatic water sprinkler foam combined system; In the first residential building part (100) and the second residential building part (200), except for the staircase (101, 201), the front room (102, 202) and the elevator (103, 203), the remaining parts are not adjacent to the garage building part (400); When a fire occurs in the garage part (430), when the fire doors, fire shutters, and automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system are all effective, the danger arrival time of the stairs (101, 201), the vestibule (102, 202), the three-in-one vestibule (330), the scissor stairs (340), and the second vestibule (350) is greater than 1800 seconds.

2. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: A water curtain system is provided on the side of the first fireproof rolling curtain (421) facing the garage portion (430), and a drainage ditch is also provided on the ground below the first fireproof rolling curtain (421).

3. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The garage part (430) is an open garage.

4. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The first fireproof roller shutter (421), the fire wall (310) and the first fireproof door (320) have a fire resistance limit of not less than 3 hours.

5. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: In the third residential building part (300), a first isolation zone (370) and a second isolation zone (380) are also provided adjacent to the garage part (430). The first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone (380) are respectively connected to the garage part (430) through respective first fire doors (320).

6. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The areas of the first antechamber (331) and the second antechamber (350) are not less than 6m 2 .

7. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The first antechamber (331), the common antechamber (332), the scissor staircase (340), and the second antechamber (350) are each independently provided with a natural ventilation system or a mechanical pressurized air supply system.

8. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The spacing distance W between the first residential building section (100) and the second residential building section (200) that is not adjacent to the garage building section (400) and the garage section (430) is at least 1.2 meters.

9. The building unit according to claim 1, wherein: The width U of the first isolation zone (370) and the second isolation zone (380) is not less than 3 meters.

10. A fourth generation mid- to high-rise residential design comprising at least one building unit according to any one of claims 1-9.

11. The design of the mid-to-high-rise residential building according to claim 10 also includes dual water sources as fire water sources, wherein: The first group of water sources is the underground fire water pool and fire pump; the second group of water sources is the roof fire water tank, the effective volume of which is not less than 50m 3 .

12. The mid- and high-rise residential design according to claim 10 is also provided with an automatic fire alarm system.

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