Combustion chamber of coke oven and coke oven

Abstract

The present invention discloses a combustion chamber of a coke oven, comprising a chamber body, wherein a vertical fire channel is arranged in the chamber body, wherein the vertical fire channels are provided in pairs, wherein each pair of the vertical fire channels is separated by a first partition wall, wherein a second partition wall is arranged between two vertical fire channels in each pair of the vertical fire channels, wherein the first partition wall and the second partition wall are arranged at intervals, wherein an air channel is arranged in the second partition wall, and wherein the air channel is connected to two adjacent vertical fire channels. The present invention also provides a coke oven comprising the above combustion chamber. The present invention can make the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber more uniform, thereby improving the heating efficiency and the coking quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of coking, and in particular relates to a combustion chamber and a coking oven containing the combustion chamber. Background Art

[0002] In the coking industry, the raw gas produced by coal distillation is usually burned in the combustion chamber of the coking oven to provide the heat required for coal distillation.

[0003] Traditional coking ovens mainly include horizontal coking ovens and vertical coking ovens, and each of the two coking ovens has its own characteristics. Among them: the structure of the horizontal coking oven occupies a large area, has a high investment cost, and the coal cake is 3-4m wide. The overly wide carbonization chamber seriously affects the heat transfer effect, and the coking time is too long. In addition, direct heating is mostly used, and 1.5-4% of coal and coke are burned to supplement the heat required for coal distillation, resulting in reduced production capacity; the vertical coking oven is also called a vertical heat recovery coke oven. When the volatile matter of the combined coal is low, the heat required for coal distillation cannot be self-sufficient, and additional coal gas is required for supplementary combustion, and the heating efficiency is low. In addition, due to the different coking periods of different carbonization chambers, the amount of raw coal gas produced is different, resulting in uneven heating of the coke oven and a long coking time.

[0004] Moreover, in the above two coking ovens, for the combustion chambers, some of them are divided into multiple vertical fire channels, and air ducts are arranged in each partition wall to transport air required for combustion to the vertical fire channels. The temperature field formed in this combustion chamber is uneven, which leads to uneven heating of the carbonization chamber. Zebra patterns of alternating light and dark will appear on the coking product (coke), affecting the quality of the coke; some combustion chambers adopt exhaust gas circulation type vertical fire channels, that is, the combustion chamber is divided into multiple vertical fire channels, and two adjacent vertical fire channels form a pair of double vertical fire channels (respectively called ascending fire channels and descending fire channels) with ascending and descending airflows respectively. A crossing hole is provided on the top of each pair of double vertical fire channels, and an exhaust gas circulation hole is provided on the bottom to connect the two vertical fire channels. The combustion-supporting air and coal gas that enter the vertical fire channel from the bottom of the ascending fire channel form an ascending airflow after diffusion and combustion. The ascending airflow then enters the descending fire channel through the crossing hole at the top of the ascending fire channel to become a descending airflow. The descending airflow enters the ascending airflow through the exhaust gas circulation hole at the bottom of the descending fire channel to participate in the circulation. This combustion chamber structure is not suitable for heat recovery downdraft coke oven heating. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a combustion chamber of a coke oven and a coke oven in view of the above deficiencies in the prior art, which can make the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber more uniform so as to improve the heating efficiency and the coking quality.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a combustion chamber of a coke oven is provided, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A combustion chamber of a coke oven comprises a chamber body, wherein a vertical fire channel is arranged in the chamber body, wherein the vertical fire channels are provided in pairs, each pair of the vertical fire channels is separated by a first partition wall, a second partition wall is arranged between two vertical fire channels in each pair of the vertical fire channels, the first partition wall and the second partition wall are arranged at intervals, an air channel is arranged in the second partition wall, and the air channel is connected to two adjacent vertical fire channels.

[0008] Preferably, the vertical fire duct is arranged vertically, and its top and bottom are both open. The opening at the top of the vertical fire duct is used to input combustible materials, and the opening at the bottom of the vertical fire duct is used to output smoke generated by the combustion of combustible materials.

[0009] Preferably, the number of air ducts in each of the second partition walls is two, and the two air ducts are respectively connected to two vertical fire ducts adjacent to the second partition wall.

[0010] Preferably, the air passage is provided with a plurality of outlets, and the plurality of outlets are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air passage.

[0011] Preferably, the outlet comprises a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet, and the first outlet, the second outlet and the third outlet are arranged in the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the air duct respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the area ratio of the first outlet, the second outlet, and the third outlet is 1-2:1:3-5.

[0013] Preferably, the chamber body, the first partition wall and the second partition wall are all built with silica bricks.

[0014] The combustion chamber of the coke oven provided by the present invention can make the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber more uniform, and can evenly heat the carbonization chamber to reduce or avoid the appearance of "zebra stripes" on the coke, improve the quality of the coke, and can also improve the heat transfer speed and effect and shorten the coking time.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a coking oven is also provided, and its technical solution is as follows:

[0016] A coking oven comprises a furnace body, wherein the furnace body has a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber adopts the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

[0017] Preferably, the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged side by side in the upper part of the furnace body; the coking oven also includes a balancing channel and a heat exchange chamber, the balancing channel is arranged in the furnace top, and is connected to the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, and is used for evenly distributing the combustible substances produced by the dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber; the heat exchange chamber is arranged in the lower part of the furnace body and is connected to the combustion chamber, and the heat exchange chamber is also connected to the external environment, and is used for preheating the air input from the external environment.

[0018] Preferably, the balancing channel spans across the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber, and is connected to the vertical fire channel located directly below the balancing channel.

[0019] The coking oven of the present invention can improve the heating effect of the carbonization chamber, and the heating is more uniform, and the quality of the coke produced is higher. Specifically, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) Fast heating speed can shorten the coking time.

[0021] The carbonization chamber of the coking furnace of the present invention is arranged to be tall and thin, and the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel, so that the coal cakes in the carbonization chamber can absorb the heat transferred by the combustion chamber to be distilled into coke, and the contact area between the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber is increased, and air is supplied to the vertical fire channel in sections from bottom to top, which optimizes the uniformity of the temperature field in the vertical fire channel in the high direction (i.e., the vertical direction), eliminates the crossing holes and circulation holes in the traditional exhaust gas circulation type vertical fire channel, so that the vertical fire channel is full of downflame airflow, which can transfer heat to the adjacent carbonization chamber, can improve the heat transfer speed and effect, and shorten the coking time.

[0022] (2) Indirect heating is used, which eliminates coal loss and increases production capacity.

[0023] Since the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel and independently of each other, the combustion and heating above the carbonization chamber in the prior art is avoided, which causes the burning of part of the coal or coke in the upper layer of the carbonization chamber to be ignited, thereby affecting the coke production capacity. The coke output per ton can be increased by 1.5-4% compared with the horizontal coke oven.

[0024] (3) Heating is more uniform, which can improve the quality and yield of coke.

[0025] By setting a balance channel to evenly distribute the raw gas, the difference in the amount and composition of the raw gas entering the combustion chamber can be reduced, and the difference in the heat generated by combustion in different combustion chambers caused by the fluctuation of the raw gas amount in different carbonization chambers in different coking cycles can be avoided, thereby improving the heating uniformity and further improving the coke quality;

[0026] (4) Replacing chemical recovery with heat recovery simplifies the process flow, reduces floor space, reduces energy consumption, and improves economic efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the combustion chamber of the coke oven in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the distribution of air outlets in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a coke oven in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a balance channel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a heat exchange chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a ramp in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of air flow in a heat exchange chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the flue gas flow direction in the heat exchange chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a silicon brick in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air channel in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the structure of the smoke channel in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 10-carbonization chamber; 20-combustion chamber; 21-first partition wall; 22-second partition wall; 23-vertical fire channel; 24-air channel; 25-furnace end; 26-air outlet; 261-first outlet; 262-second outlet; 263-third outlet; 30-balance channel; 40-inclined channel; 41-first channel; 42-second channel; 50-heat exchange chamber; 51-air cushion layer; 52-first heat exchange horizontal layer; 53-second heat exchange horizontal layer; 54-third heat exchange horizontal layer; 55-transition layer; 56-ash removal exhaust gas channel; 57-grate brick; 58-air channel; 59-smoke channel; 60-groove; 61-protrusion; 62-air inlet; 63-smoke outlet; M-raw gas; F-smoke; K-air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] The present invention provides a combustion chamber of a coke oven, comprising a chamber body, wherein a vertical fire channel is arranged in the chamber body, wherein the vertical fire channels are provided in a plurality of pairs, each pair of the vertical fire channels is separated by a first partition wall, a second partition wall is arranged between two vertical fire channels in each pair of the vertical fire channels, the first partition wall and the second partition wall are spaced apart, an air channel is arranged in the second partition wall, and the air channel is communicated with two adjacent vertical fire channels.

[0041] Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a coking oven, comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body has a carbonization chamber and a combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber adopts the above-mentioned combustion chamber.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a combustion chamber of a coke oven, including a chamber body, in which a vertical fire channel 23 is arranged. The vertical fire channels are in pairs, and each pair of vertical fire channels is separated by a first partition wall 21. The first partition wall 21 can play a role of bearing and isolation. The two vertical fire channels 23 in each pair of vertical fire channels are arranged in parallel and vertically, and a second partition wall 22 is arranged between the two. The two vertical fire channels 23 in each pair of vertical fire channels are independent of each other, which is different from the traditional exhaust gas circulation type vertical fire channels that are interconnected. The top and bottom of the vertical fire channel 23 are both open. The opening at the top of the vertical fire channel is used to input combustible materials (such as raw coal gas generated by the carbonization chamber of the coke oven). Each vertical fire channel 23 is a combustion channel. The raw coal gas burns in each vertical fire channel 23 to generate a large amount of heat. When the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel, it can be used to heat the carbonization chamber of the coke oven; the opening at the bottom of the vertical fire channel is used to output the flue gas generated by the combustion of the raw coal gas in the vertical fire channel. An air passage 24 is provided in the second partition wall 22 . The air passage 24 is connected to two vertical fire passages 23 (belonging to the same opposite fire passage) on both sides thereof so as to introduce combustion-supporting gas (such as air) into the vertical fire passages 23 .

[0044] Optionally, the number of air ducts 24 in each second partition wall 22 can be one, that is, the two vertical fire ducts 23 in a pair of vertical fire ducts adjacent to the same second partition wall 22 share one air duct 24; the number of air ducts can also be two, and the two air ducts 24 are respectively connected to the two vertical fire ducts 23 on both sides of the second partition wall 22 where they are located.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first partition wall 21 and the second partition wall 22 are arranged at intervals, and there is a first partition wall 21 and a second partition wall 22 on both sides of each vertical fire channel 23. That is to say, starting from the outermost vertical fire channel of the combustion chamber (i.e., the furnace end 25), the gas channel is only provided in the partition wall with an odd number (i.e., the second partition wall 22), and the partition wall with an even number (i.e., the first partition wall 21) is not provided with a gas channel, and the first partition wall 21 is only used for bearing, isolation, etc.

[0046] In this example, both the first partition wall 21 and the second partition wall 22 can be built with silica bricks with good thermal conductivity to improve the heat transfer effect. Each silica brick is provided with a brick groove and a brick tongue. The brick grooves and brick tongues on two adjacent silica bricks are engaged with each other, so that the silica bricks of the upper and lower layers can be tightly combined to enhance the strength and stability of the partition wall. At the same time, the partition wall built with tightly combined silica bricks has good airtightness, which can avoid gas leakage between different vertical fire channels, thereby improving heating uniformity.

[0047] During the coking process, since the temperature of the air duct 24 is lower than the temperature of each vertical fire channel 23, it absorbs heat from the adjacent vertical fire channels 23, resulting in temperature differences at different positions of the combustion chamber, that is, the temperature of the air duct 24 and the vertical fire channel 23 are different, which causes differences in the degree of heating of the carbonization chamber adjacent to the combustion chamber, and thus causes the positions of the air duct and the vertical fire channel on the coking product (i.e., coke) to appear "zebra patterns" with alternating light and dark, affecting the quality of the coke. In this embodiment, by only providing the air duct 24 in the odd-numbered partition wall (i.e., the second partition wall 22), the number of partition walls with the air duct 24 can be halved, thereby reducing the number of hot and cold intersections in the combustion chamber, making the temperature distribution in the combustion chamber more uniform, and heating the carbonization chamber more uniformly during coking, thereby reducing or avoiding the appearance of "zebra patterns" on the coke, and improving the quality of the coke.

[0048] Compared with the traditional exhaust gas circulation type vertical fire channel (the vertical fire channels are interconnected), the vertical fire channels in this embodiment are independent of each other. Since the raw coal gas is introduced into each vertical fire channel 23 from the top, the flame generated by its combustion is downward, that is, the flame is a downflame type, and the air is introduced from the bottom section, so that the vertical fire channel 23 is full of upward airflow (without downward airflow), which is used to transfer heat to the adjacent carbonization chamber 10, which can improve the heat transfer speed and effect and shorten the coking time.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the raw coal gas is fully burned in each vertical fire channel and to further improve the temperature balance at each position of the vertical fire channel 23, one or more outlets (air outlets 26) are provided on the air channel 24 for conveying the air in the air channel 24 to the vertical fire channel 23. In this embodiment, the number of outlets is preferably multiple, and the multiple air outlets are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air channel. Through the multiple air outlets, the air enters each vertical fire channel 23 from different positions as evenly as possible, so that the raw coal gas can be fully burned in the vertical fire channel 23 and the temperature balance of the vertical fire channel can be improved, thereby improving the heating effect on the carbonization chamber during coking.

[0050] like Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the number of outlets on each air channel 24 is preferably three, that is, the air outlet includes a first outlet 261, a second outlet 262, and a third outlet 263, which are respectively arranged at the upper, middle, and lower parts of each air channel. The amount of air introduced into each section of each vertical fire channel is distributed according to the size (area) of the three air outlets, so that the raw coal gas is burned to different degrees in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the vertical fire channel 23, respectively, so as to make the temperature of the combustion chamber more uniform, so as to achieve the purpose of uniformly heating the carbonization chamber. The shapes of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 can be any shape such as square, circular, etc., and this embodiment is not further limited.

[0051] An optional implementation is that the size (area) of the three air outlets may be first reduced and then increased from top to bottom, that is, the area size of the second outlet 262 is smaller than the size of the first outlet 261, and the area size of the first outlet 261 is smaller than the area size of the third outlet 263, such as the area size ratio of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 may be 1-2:1:3-5. In this embodiment, the area size ratio of the first outlet 261, the second outlet 262, and the third outlet 263 is preferably 1.5:1:2.5, to ensure that the raw gas cannot be completely burned in the upper part of each vertical fire channel, and the unburned raw gas enters the middle part of each vertical fire channel and continues to burn, and the remaining unburned raw gas is completely burned in the lower part of each vertical fire channel, which helps to improve the uniformity of the overall temperature distribution of the coke oven.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, considering the large heat dissipation of the furnace end 25 (i.e., the end of the combustion chamber in contact with the outside world), in an optional embodiment, the combustion conditions in the vertical fire channel 23 near the furnace end 25 can also be individually controlled, for example, the size of the outlet of the air duct 24 connected to the vertical fire channel 23 near the furnace end 25 can be appropriately increased, or other similar methods can be adopted to increase the air input thereto, thereby accelerating the combustion speed of the raw gas in the vertical fire channel near the furnace end 25 and increasing the heat generated by the combustion to offset its heat dissipation loss.

[0053] In this embodiment, outlets of different sizes are provided at different positions of each gas channel, and air is introduced into the upper, middle and lower parts of each vertical fire channel in a certain proportion, so that the raw coal gas that has not been completely burned in the upper part of each vertical fire channel continues to burn in the middle and lower parts of each vertical fire channel, thereby ensuring that the raw coal gas is completely burned in the combustion chamber. By introducing air in sections, the uniformity of the temperature in the combustion chamber can be further effectively improved, thereby avoiding accelerated damage and softening of the walls between the vertical fire channels due to excessive local temperature in the combustion chamber.

[0054] It should be noted that the number, position, size, etc. of the air outlets 26 listed above are only some examples and are not limited to them. They can be specifically adjusted according to the design requirements of the coke oven in this embodiment, and the optimal opening arrangement scheme can be obtained through numerical calculation, which is not further limited here.

[0055] The combustion chamber of the coke oven disclosed in this embodiment can make the temperature distribution of the combustion chamber more uniform, can evenly heat the carbonization chamber, can reduce or avoid the appearance of "zebra stripes" on the coke, improve the quality of the coke, and can also increase the heat transfer speed and effect and shorten the coking time.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment discloses a coking oven, including a furnace body and a furnace top arranged above the furnace body, wherein a carbonization chamber 10 and a combustion chamber 20 are arranged in parallel at the upper part of the furnace body, wherein the combustion chamber 20 adopts the combustion chamber structure described in Example 1.

[0058] Specifically, the carbonization chamber 10 is mainly used to place coal materials, so as to serve as a place for coal material distillation. During the coking process, the lower part of the carbonization chamber 10 is used to place coal materials. After the coal materials are heated and distilled, combustible substances (referring to raw coal gas in this embodiment) are produced. A certain space is usually required in the upper part to allow the raw coal gas produced by the coal material distillation to circulate. The coal material can be high-quality coking coal, or it can be coking coal with weakly sticky coal and / or non-sticky coal, which is not further limited in this embodiment. The shape of the carbonization chamber 10 is tall and thin, that is, its height is greater than its width, to distinguish it from a traditional horizontal coking oven. The ratio of the height and width of the carbonization chamber 10 can be selected according to actual needs, which is not further limited in this embodiment.

[0059] The combustion chamber 20 is located adjacent to the carbonization chamber 10 and is separated by a partition wall (furnace wall). The two are independent of each other. The combustion chamber 20 is used to receive and burn the combustible substances produced by the dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber 10. The heat generated by the combustion is then transferred to the carbonization chamber 10 through the partition wall (furnace wall), providing a heat source for the dry distillation of coal and indirectly heating the carbonization chamber 10. Clay bricks are provided in the area corresponding to the carbonization chamber 10 on the furnace top, and carbon removal holes are left, and the corresponding combustion chamber 20 is left with a fire viewing hole. The partition wall between the carbonization chamber 10 and the combustion chamber 20 in this embodiment is built with silicon bricks with good thermal conductivity to improve the heat transfer effect.

[0060] Optionally, there are multiple carbonization chambers 10 and multiple combustion chambers 20, and the multiple carbonization chambers 10 and the multiple combustion chambers 20 are alternately arranged, and the number of combustion chambers 20 is always one more than the number of carbonization chambers 10, so that each carbonization chamber 10 is located between two combustion chambers 20, so as to evenly transfer the heat generated in each combustion chamber 20 to each carbonization chamber 10, thereby improving the heating uniformity and heating efficiency of the carbonization chamber 10.

[0061] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the furnace body is further provided with a balance channel 30 and a heat exchange chamber 40. The balance channel 30 is provided in the furnace top, and the balance channel 30 spans across each carbonization chamber 10 and combustion chamber 20, and is connected to the vertical fire channels 23 of the carbonization chamber 10 and the combustion chamber 20, respectively, so as to evenly distribute the combustible materials in each carbonization chamber 10 to each vertical fire channel in each combustion chamber 20. Figure 5 As shown, the heat exchange chamber 40 is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, which includes an air channel 58 and a smoke channel 59. The air channel 58 and the smoke channel 59 are arranged in parallel. The smoke channel of the heat exchange chamber 40 is connected with the vertical fire channel 23 of the combustion chamber 20, and is used to discharge the high-temperature smoke generated by the combustion chamber 20. The air channel 58 of the heat exchange chamber 40 is connected with the external environment, and is used to input air from the external environment into the heat exchange chamber 40. The air exchanges heat with the high-temperature smoke in the smoke channel 59 in the heat exchange chamber 40 to be preheated and heated. The air channel is also connected with the air channel 24. The preheated air enters the vertical fire channel 23 from the air channel 24 to assist combustion.

[0062] Optionally, there are multiple balancing channels 30, which are arranged in parallel, and the balancing channels 30 are interconnected through the top space of the carbonization chamber 10, and the arrangement of the balancing channels allows the raw coal gas of the same carbonization chamber 10 to enter each balancing channel 30 (i.e., the coke oven is horizontally balanced); the number of vertical fire channels 23 in each combustion chamber 20 is the same, the number of balancing channels 30 is the same as the number of vertical fire channels 23 in a single combustion chamber 20, and each balancing channel 30 is connected to the vertical fire channels at the same or corresponding positions in each combustion chamber 20, or in other words, each balancing channel 30 spans across each carbonization chamber 10 and Each combustion chamber 20 is connected with the carbonization chamber 10 and the vertical fire channel 23 located directly below it, so that the raw coal gas in different carbonization chambers 10 can enter into each balancing channel 30, so that the raw coal gas composition in each balancing channel 30 (the balancing channels are not directly connected to each other, but only connected through the carbonization chamber connected to them) tends to be consistent, and then the raw coal gas in the same balancing channel 30 can enter into the vertical fire channel 23 at the same position in each combustion chamber 20 along the longitudinal direction of the coke oven (i.e. the coke side direction) (i.e. the longitudinal balance of the coke oven), so that the raw coal gas entering each vertical fire channel 23 is the same, thereby achieving uniform distribution.

[0063] During the coking process, since different carbonization chambers 10 are in different coking periods, the amount and composition of the raw coal gas produced are different. In this embodiment, each balancing channel 30 spans across all the carbonization chambers 10 and is connected thereto, so that the raw coal gas of multiple carbonization chambers 10 in different coking periods can enter the balancing channel 30 faster and more quickly under the traction of the pressure difference, and can reach each vertical fire channel 23 of each combustion chamber 20 through the balancing channel 30. By evenly distributing the raw coal gas in the balancing channel 30, the raw coal gas can be supplied from the position with more amount to the position with less amount, thereby realizing the autonomous distribution of the raw coal gas, reducing the difference in the amount and composition of the raw coal gas of each vertical fire channel, making the combustion conditions of each vertical fire channel closer, and thus improving the heating uniformity.

[0064] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, a ramp 40 is provided at the bottom of the combustion chamber 20 for connecting the combustion chamber 20 and the heat exchange chamber 50. The number of ramps 40 is multiple and the same as the number of the vertical fire channel 22 or the air channel 24. The ramp 40 includes a first channel 41 and a second channel 42, wherein: the two ends of the first channel 41 are respectively connected to the air channel 24 in the combustion chamber 20 and the air channel 58 of the heat exchange chamber 50, so as to transport air to the air channel 24; the two ends of the second channel 42 are respectively connected to the vertical fire channel 22 in the combustion chamber 50 and the smoke channel 59 of the heat exchange chamber 50, so as to discharge the smoke generated by combustion. The first channel 41 and the second channel 42 are separated by silica bricks with good thermal conductivity, so that the air in the first channel 41 and the smoke in the second channel 42 can exchange heat. In this embodiment, the inclination of the first channel 41 and the second channel 42 is 30° to 90°, for example, the inclination of the ramp 40 can be 40°.

[0065] The heat exchange chamber 40 is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body and is connected to the lower part of the combustion chamber 20. The heat exchange chamber 40 is also connected to the external environment. The smoke generated by the combustion of the combustible material in the combustion chamber 20 enters the heat exchange chamber 40. Since the smoke contains a large amount of heat, it can be used to preheat the air input from the external environment. The outer wall of the heat exchange chamber 40 is preferably built with bricks made of materials with good thermal insulation to reduce heat loss.

[0066] The heat exchange chamber 40 includes a heat exchange chamber body, the interior of which is divided into a multi-layer structure, with air passages 58 and smoke passages 59 arranged in parallel and penetrating the multi-layer structure, so that the layers of the multi-layer structure are sequentially connected, that is, each layer in the multi-layer structure has an air passage and a smoke passage, and the air passages of all layers are connected to form a whole row of air passages 58, and the smoke passages of all layers are connected to form a whole row of smoke passages 59. The air passages 58 of each layer are sequentially connected, and the smoke passages 59 of each layer are sequentially connected, and each layer is separated from the air passage and smoke passage of the layer by a partition wall.

[0067] In this embodiment, the multilayer structure of the heat exchange chamber 40 includes an air cushion layer 51 and a heat exchange layer, wherein the air cushion layer 51 is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange chamber body, and the heat exchange layer is arranged above the air cushion layer 51. In some optional embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the heat exchange layer includes a first heat exchange horizontal layer 52, a second heat exchange horizontal layer 53, and a third heat exchange horizontal layer 54, which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence and are interconnected through air channels and smoke channels, and the connecting parts of any two adjacent layers (including the upper and lower connecting parts of the air channels of each layer and the upper and lower connecting parts of the smoke channels) are staggered to finally form an S-shaped air channel 58 and an S-shaped smoke channel 59. The air flows upward from bottom to top layer by layer in the entire row of air channels 58 (such as Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the flue gas flows downward in a circuitous manner from top to bottom layer by layer in the entire array of flue gas channels 59 (as shown in FIG. 1 ). Figure 8 As shown), the heat exchange time can be extended and the heat exchange contact area can be increased to improve the heat exchange effect.

[0068] The number of air channels 58 and smoke channels 59 provided in the multi-layer structure can be one or more rows. In this embodiment, the air channels 58 and smoke channels 59 are in multiple rows, so that the number of air channels and smoke channels in each layer is multiple, and the air channels and smoke channels of each layer are arranged alternately. A grate brick 57 is provided in the part of the smoke channel between the second heat exchange horizontal layer 53 and the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54. Through the porous structure on the grate brick 57, the high-temperature smoke of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 can be evenly dispersed and input into the second heat exchange horizontal layer 53, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of air preheating.

[0069] And the number of air channels 58 and smoke channels 59 is the same as the number of combustion chambers 20, and each column of air channels 58 and each column of smoke channels 59 are arranged in parallel, so that the lower part of each combustion chamber 20 corresponds to a column of air channels and a column of smoke channels, and the air channels 58 and smoke channels 59 corresponding to the lower parts of different combustion chambers 20 are arranged alternately, that is, the heat exchange chamber 40 is arranged according to "air channel 58-smoke channel 59-air channel 58-smoke channel 59".

[0070] Optionally, each air channel of the air cushion layer 51 is provided with a plurality of air inlets for inputting combustion-supporting gas (air). In this embodiment, it is preferred to provide four air inlets (such as Fig.10As shown in the figure, the four air inlets are evenly distributed so that air can enter the heat exchange chamber 40 evenly. The air cushion layer 51 is the first layer where cold air from the outside environment enters the furnace body. It can isolate and block the heat transfer from the first heat exchange horizontal layer 52, cool the bottom of the coke oven, and protect the bottom of the coke oven. Each smoke channel in the air cushion layer 51 is provided with a plurality of smoke outlets for discharging high-temperature smoke generated by combustion in the vertical fire channel. In this embodiment, it is preferred to provide four smoke outlets (such as Fig.11 As shown), the four smoke outlets 62 constitute a quadrant smoke duct.

[0071] In the present embodiment, the heat exchange chamber 40 adopts a four-part heat exchange chamber, that is, each air channel 58 is provided with four air inlets, and each smoke channel 59 is provided with four smoke outlets, which can shorten the air and smoke circulation paths and reduce the circulation resistance, thereby reducing the respective pressure drops and the pressure difference between the two, thereby reducing the risk of air and smoke leakage in the heat exchange chamber 40 (there are certain gaps in the partition walls made of silicon bricks, and these gaps will cause gas leakage between the brick walls in the furnace. After adopting the above-mentioned four-part heat exchange chamber structure, the pressure difference between the air channel and the smoke channel is reduced, and the leakage phenomenon is weakened), which can improve the stability and reliability of the heat exchange chamber 40.

[0072] In this embodiment, since the coke oven is in a negative pressure state, during the process of coal loading, the external smoke and dust will enter the combustion chamber 20, and the raw coal gas generated during the coking process will also carry some ash, resulting in a large amount of dust in the high-temperature smoke discharged from the combustion chamber 20. Therefore, in this embodiment, Figure 3As shown, a transition layer 55 may be further provided in the heat exchange chamber 40. The transition layer 55 is provided above the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and between the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and the bottom of the combustion chamber 20. The transition layer 55 is also provided with a partition wall to separate the transition layer into an air channel and a smoke channel. The air channel of the transition layer is connected to the air channel of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54, and the smoke channel 59 of the transition layer includes a settling area and an ash removal exhaust gas channel 56 provided in the partition wall. The inlet of the settling area is connected to the vertical fire channel 23 of the combustion chamber 20. The inlet of the ash removal exhaust gas channel 6 is preferably provided at the upper part of the smoke channel of the transition layer 55 and is connected to the settling area. The outlet of the ash removal exhaust gas channel 56 is connected to the smoke channel provided in the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54. The dust in the smoke coming out of the combustion chamber 20 settles in the settling area of ​​the transition layer 55 due to gravity. The dust deposited in the settling area of ​​the transition layer 55 is cleaned at regular intervals to maintain the ash removal effect of the transition layer 55. The flue gas after ash removal enters the flue gas channel of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 from the ash removal exhaust gas channel 6. The part of the air channel between the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 and the transition layer 55 is also provided with a grate brick 57. Through the porous structure on the grate brick 57, the low-temperature air of the third heat exchange horizontal layer 54 is evenly dispersed and input to the transition layer 55, which is conducive to improving the uniformity of air preheating.

[0073] Optionally, the partition wall in the heat exchange chamber 40 is made of a material with good high temperature resistance and thermal conductivity, such as silica bricks. Fig. 9 As shown, the cross section of the silicon brick in the partition wall of the heat exchange chamber 40 is preferably T-shaped, with one end extending horizontally being wider and provided with a groove 60, and the other end extending vertically being narrower, and a protrusion 61 matching the groove is provided at the position corresponding to the groove 60 at this end, so as to facilitate the construction of the partition wall. The partition wall built by the silicon brick with the T-shaped cross section is provided with an uneven surface to increase its surface area, thereby increasing the contact area with the air and the flue gas and improving the heat transfer effect. The air input from the external environment and the flue gas discharged from the combustion transfer heat through the partition wall in each layer structure of the heat exchange chamber 40 to preheat the air, thereby increasing the temperature of the air. In this embodiment, the preheating temperature of the air in the heat exchange chamber 40 is 400-600°C, for example, about 500°C. The specific number of layers of the heat exchange chamber 40 can be selected according to actual conditions, and this embodiment is not further limited.

[0074] The coking oven in this embodiment has the following airflow directions during operation:

[0075] (1) Coal is dry-distilled in the carbonization chamber, and the raw coal gas (650-800℃) produced enters multiple balance channels at the top of the furnace body through the space reserved at the top of the carbonization chamber, and then enters the vertical flue from the top of the combustion chamber. It burns in the vertical flue, generating a large amount of high-temperature flue gas (about 1300℃) and heat. The high-temperature flue gas enters the transition layer of the heat exchange chamber from the bottom of the vertical flue through the second channel in the inclined channel. A large amount of dust is removed in the transition layer and heat is exchanged with the air in this layer. The high temperature after ash removal enters the third heat exchange horizontal layer, the second heat exchange horizontal layer, the first heat exchange horizontal layer, and the flue gas channel in the air cushion layer in turn through the ash removal exhaust gas channel, and heat is exchanged with the air in the air channels in the above layers, so that the air is preheated in the heat exchange chamber and then output to the waste heat boiler for power generation. The heat generated by the combustion of raw coal gas in the vertical flue is transferred to the carbonization chamber arranged between the combustion chambers through heat transfer, which is used for coal dry distillation. After the coal is dry distilled, coke products are obtained.

[0076] (2) The cold air from the outside environment is input from the bottom of the heat exchange chamber and first enters the air cushion layer to isolate the bottom of the coke oven, which can play a certain protective role; then the air passes through the air channels in the first heat exchange horizontal layer, the second heat exchange horizontal layer, the third heat exchange horizontal layer, and the transition layer in turn, and exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas channels of each layer, thereby raising its own temperature (about 500°C); the preheated air enters the air channel in the combustion chamber from the first channel in the inclined channel, and then enters the vertical fire channel through the first outlet, the second outlet, and the third outlet set on the air channel for burning raw coal gas.

[0077] The coke oven of this embodiment adopts a heat recovery downdraft coke oven design, which can improve the heating effect of the carbonization chamber, and the heating is more uniform, and the quality of the produced coke is higher.

[0078] It is to be understood that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coking oven, comprising a furnace body, wherein the furnace body has a carbonization chamber (10) and a combustion chamber (20), wherein the combustion chamber comprises a chamber body, It is characterized in that A vertical fire channel (23) is provided in the chamber. The vertical fire channels are provided in pairs, and each pair of the vertical fire channels is separated by a first partition wall (21). A second partition wall (22) is provided between the two vertical fire paths in each pair of the vertical fire paths, and the first partition wall and the second partition wall are arranged at intervals. An air passage (24) is provided in the second partition wall, and the air passage is connected to two adjacent vertical fire passages; no gas passage is provided in the first partition wall; The carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in parallel at the upper part of the furnace body; the coking oven further comprises a balancing channel (30) and a heat exchange chamber (50); the balancing channel is arranged in the furnace top and is connected to the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, and is used to evenly distribute the combustible substances generated by the dry distillation of coal in the carbonization chamber to the combustion chamber; The balance channel spans across the carbonization chamber and the combustion chamber and is connected to the vertical fire channel located directly below it; The number of the carbonization chambers is multiple, the number of the combustion chambers is multiple, the multiple carbonization chambers and the multiple combustion chambers are arranged alternately, and the number of the combustion chambers is always one more than the number of the carbonization chambers, so that each of the carbonization chambers is located between two of the combustion chambers; There are multiple balancing channels, which are arranged in parallel, and the balancing channels are connected to each other through the top space of the carbonization chamber; each balancing channel spans across each carbonization chamber and each combustion chamber, and is connected to the carbonization chamber and the vertical fire channel located directly below it; The heat exchange chamber is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body and is communicated with the combustion chamber. The heat exchange chamber is also communicated with the external environment and is used to preheat the air input from the external environment; The heat exchange chamber comprises an air channel and a smoke channel, the air channel and the smoke channel are arranged in parallel, the smoke channel of the heat exchange chamber is connected with the vertical fire channel of the combustion chamber, and is used to discharge the high-temperature smoke generated by the combustion chamber; the heat exchange chamber comprises a heat exchange chamber body, the interior of the heat exchange chamber body is divided into a multi-layer structure, the air channel and the smoke channel are arranged in parallel and penetrate the multi-layer structure, so that the layers of the multi-layer structure are connected in sequence; The multi-layer structure of the heat exchange chamber includes an air cushion layer and a heat exchange layer, wherein: the air cushion layer is arranged at the bottom position inside the heat exchange chamber body, and the heat exchange layer is arranged above the air cushion layer; each smoke channel of the air cushion layer is provided with a plurality of smoke outlets, and each of the smoke outlets faces downward.

2. The coking oven according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The vertical fire channel is arranged vertically, and its top and bottom are both open. The opening at the top of the vertical fire channel is used to input combustible materials, and the opening at the bottom of the vertical fire channel is used to output smoke generated by the combustion of combustible materials.

3. The coking oven according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number of air passages in each of the second partition walls is two, and the two air passages are respectively connected to two vertical fire passages adjacent to the second partition wall.

4. The coking oven according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The air passage is provided with a plurality of outlets (26), and the plurality of outlets are evenly distributed along the length direction of the air passage.

5. The coking oven according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The outlet comprises a first outlet (261), a second outlet (262), and a third outlet (263), and the first outlet, the second outlet, and the third outlet are arranged in sequence at the upper part, the middle part, and the lower part of the air passage.

6. The coking oven according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The area ratio of the first outlet, the second outlet, and the third outlet is 1-2:1:3-5.

7. The coking oven according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized in that The chamber body, the first partition wall and the second partition wall are all built with silicon bricks.

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