Environmentally friendly domestic garbage self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device and process method

Abstract

Provided is an environmentally friendly domestic waste self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device and a process method thereof, which fully utilizes the characteristics of domestic waste, namely, being loose, porous, containing calorific value, moisture, and ash residues that are mostly strongly alkaline, to treat domestic waste harmlessly, and can achieve self-incineration, detoxification, purification, and clean discharge of domestic waste without sorting the domestic waste, achieving a treatment process technology that does not require crushing, is completely harmless, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, achieving on-site incineration of waste and avoiding pollution caused by secondary collection and transportation of waste, and is especially suitable for treating various high-moisture, high-organic solid wastes, and the incineration ashes can be recycled to achieve energy-saving and environmental protection effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection of solid waste treatment, and specifically relates to an environmentally friendly domestic garbage self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device and a process method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Domestic household garbage has the characteristics of high water content (up to 70%), large proportion of organic waste such as kitchen waste and catering in household garbage, mixed components, and mixed collection. Therefore, domestic patents on household garbage incineration and disposal mostly use garbage sorting, dehydration, crushing, and pulverization processes. The above processes have the following defects: the household garbage incineration process is complicated, there are many processing links, which easily lead to the expansion of household garbage pollution areas, the processing equipment structure is complicated, equipment failure is prone to occur, and the disposal cost is high. In the incineration process, large and medium-sized equipment such as chain furnaces, cement kilns, gasification furnaces, and carbonization furnaces are mostly used. In the actual application process, there are high costs, high energy consumption, and high operating costs, especially the tail gas treatment effect is not good, and it is costly to meet the emission standards, and the tail gas treatment liquid and the generated solid waste are difficult to handle. There are problems such as not fully utilizing the inherent characteristics of household garbage, high energy consumption, imperfect tail gas treatment and difficult to meet the treatment standards, slow incineration speed, and garbage heat consolidation blockage. In addition, some incinerators are difficult to adapt to domestic waste with high moisture content. Moreover, domestic domestic waste is collected in a centralized manner, and dry and wet waste are mixed. Moreover, its moisture content changes with the changes in seasons, weather, and lifestyle and diet. Therefore, the waste incinerator is required to have a wide range of requirements for the moisture content in domestic waste, such as 5-85wt%. At present, most waste incinerators find it difficult to achieve this. Domestic waste must be dried, the calorific value of the waste must be high, other fuels need to be added to supplement the calorific value, the cost is high, etc. Domestic waste itself has the characteristic of unstable calorific value. Under the current serious situation of "siege of cities and bleaching of villages" for domestic waste, there is an urgent need for a disposal structure that can adapt to the unstable calorific value and moisture content of domestic waste, does not require crushing, is harmless, and is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. Therefore, it is necessary to make improvements. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide an environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device for domestic waste and a process method thereof, which fully utilizes the characteristics of domestic waste, namely, being loose, porous, containing calorific value, moisture and ash which is mostly strongly alkaline, to treat domestic waste harmlessly, and can realize self-incineration, detoxification and clean discharge of domestic waste without sorting the domestic waste, so as to achieve a treatment process technology without crushing, complete harmlessness, energy saving and environmental protection, realize on-site incineration of waste, avoid pollution caused by secondary collection and transportation of waste, and is especially suitable for treating various high-moisture and high-organic solid wastes, and the incineration ashes can be recycled to achieve the effect of energy saving and environmental protection.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device for domestic waste, including an incinerator, a dust collecting box, a movable slag trough and a mounting frame arranged on the outside of the incinerator, the top of the incinerator is provided with a dust collecting box connected to the inside of the incinerator and a hopper with an upper cover, and domestic waste is loaded into the incinerator through the hopper mouth, the slag trough is arranged below the incinerator, the oxygen supply and pressure boosting device arranged in the incinerator is located above the slag trough and is connected to the air compressor outside the incinerator, a monitoring device for monitoring internal environmental parameters is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the incinerator, and purification sprays are arranged on the inside and outer walls of the incinerator Device; a multi-stage flue gas filtering device and an oil-water treatment circulation structure are arranged on the mounting frame, and after the multi-stage flue gas filtering device is connected with the oil-water treatment circulation structure, the oil in the multi-stage flue gas filtering device is centrally collected and processed by the oil-water treatment circulation structure, the flue gas in the incinerator is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filtering device through a guide pipe fixedly connected to the upper end of the incinerator, the upper end of the multi-stage flue gas filtering device is connected with a chimney arranged at the upper end of the mounting frame through a condenser, and the oil-water treatment circulation structure is connected with a dust box and an incinerator through a pipeline, and the treated oil is sent into the dust box and the incinerator to realize the circulation treatment of oil and water.

[0005] Wherein, the multi-stage flue gas filtering device includes a plurality of additive leaching chambers connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers connected end to end and a stirring box, and the additive leaching chambers adjacent to each other above and below are connected to the alkaline leaching chamber, the stirring box is connected to the additive leaching chamber at the top through a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber at the top is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe, an organic porous membrane filter plate layer is arranged inside the guide pipe, a sedimentation box is fixedly connected to the mounting frame and the additive leaching chamber at the bottom extends into the sedimentation box, the upper end of the sedimentation box is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure, the multiple nozzles inside the alkaline leaching chambers are connected to the external alkaline liquid supply pump through a connecting pipe, and the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber at the top is connected to the chimney through a condenser, and an organic porous membrane filter plate layer is arranged on the pipe wall where the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber at the top is connected to the condenser.

[0006] Furthermore, the oil-water treatment circulation structure includes a cooling box, an oil-water separator and a centrifugal pump installed on a mounting frame. The cooling box is connected to the upper end of the sedimentation box in the multi-stage flue gas filtration device, and the cooling box is connected to the oil-water separator below it through a connecting pipe. The lower end outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump is connected to the dust collection box and the incinerator through a pipeline.

[0007] Furthermore, the oxygen supply booster device is an oxygen supply booster pipe connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator, and a plurality of air outlet holes are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply booster pipe; the purification spray device is a nozzle connected to a water pump; the monitoring device is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower port of the chimney is connected to the air inlet of the plasma deodorizing gas fixed on the mounting frame, and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas is connected to the chimney through a connecting pipe; a refrigerator connected to the condenser and the cooling box in the oil-water treatment circulation structure is fixed on the mounting frame.

[0009] The environmentally friendly domestic waste self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process comprises the following steps:

[0010] 1) Open the upper cover of the hopper on the top of the waste incinerator, use an automatic feeder or manually load the domestic waste into the incinerator through the hopper. After loading the domestic waste with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.8 m, use a lever and a pressing plate to press the domestic waste in the waste incinerator evenly;

[0011] 2) While igniting the domestic garbage in the incinerator, turn on the purification spray device outside the incinerator to prevent odorous gas from overflowing from the top of the incinerator. After the domestic garbage in the incinerator is burned, turn on the monitoring device on the top of the incinerator and the purification spray device inside the incinerator;

[0012] 3) Open the oxygen supply and booster device that is introduced into the incinerator, so that the domestic garbage in the incinerator is fully burned. After the domestic garbage in the incinerator is burned for 0.5-2 hours, a wet fog settling and condensation space, a high humidity filter layer, a low humidity filter layer, a drying filter layer, a cementing and sealing filter layer, a carbonization filter layer, a high temperature incineration layer, a flue gas circulation and re-burning space, a combustion slag secondary re-burning layer, an oxygen-assisted and oxygen-assisted air heating zone are formed from top to bottom in the incinerator. The oxygen supply and booster device adjusts the air supply volume introduced into the incinerator according to the temperature, humidity and pressure inside the incinerator;

[0013] 4) The combustion flue gas in the incinerator is filtered through the re-burning of the flue gas circulation re-burning space and the high-humidity filter layer, low-humidity filter layer, dry filter layer, cementation sealing filter layer, and carbonization filter layer before entering the wet fog settling and condensation space at the top of the incinerator. Under the low temperature and high humidity conditions in the wet fog settling and condensation space, trace amounts of particulate matter, acidic substances, and tar in the combustion flue gas are again settled and flocculated on the upper layer of the garbage. With the addition of new domestic garbage and the burning and sinking of the lower layer of garbage, they enter the high-temperature incineration layer in turn for high-temperature incineration and detoxification;

[0014] 5) The cemented closed filter layer and carbonized filter layer in the incinerator are relatively dense, and the smoke has great resistance to pass through the dry filter layer, low-humidity filter layer and high-humidity filter layer. Therefore, the high-temperature incineration layer burns to produce swirling high-temperature smoke, which enters the smoke circulation and re-burning space to react with the oxygen introduced into the incinerator for secondary combustion, thereby eliminating hydrocarbons and preventing the generation of dioxins. It also reacts with the cooling incineration slag and is quickly cooled to prevent the generation of dioxins.

[0015] 6) The viscous gas in the wet mist settling condensation space in the incinerator is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filtration device on the mounting frame through the guide pipe for multi-stage treatment. The treated gas is cooled by the condenser and sent to the chimney for direct or post-treatment discharge;

[0016] 7) The leached liquid generated after being treated by the multi-stage flue gas filtration device is collected and treated by the oil-water treatment circulation structure installed on the mounting frame, and then sent to the incinerator and the dust collecting box installed on the top of the incinerator through a pipeline for oil-water circulation treatment;

[0017] 8) The incineration ash in the slag trough is sorted and recycled.

[0018] In the above step 2), the purification spray device is a nozzle connected to a water pump; the monitoring device is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor.

[0019] In the above step 3), the oxygen supply boosting device is an oxygen supply boosting pipe connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator, and a plurality of air outlet holes are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply boosting pipe;

[0020] The temperature in the wet fog settling and condensing space is 50-80°C, and the humidity of the wet fog settling and condensing space is greater than 90% and the pressure is greater than 50Pa. The temperature of the high-humidity filter layer is 80-100°C, the temperature of the low-humidity filter layer is 100-130°C, the temperature of the dry filter layer is 120-250°C, the temperature of the bonded sealed filter layer is 250-450°C, the temperature of the carbonized filter layer is 450-600°C, the temperature of the high-temperature incineration layer is 600-1000°C, the temperature of the flue gas circulation and re-burning space is 600-1100°C, the temperature of the incineration slag secondary re-burning layer is 100-600°C, and the temperature of the oxygen-assisting and oxygen-assisting air heating zone is 25-100°C.

[0021] In the above step 6), the multi-stage flue gas filtering device includes a plurality of additive leaching chambers connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers connected end to end and a stirring box, and the additive leaching chambers adjacent to each other are connected to the alkaline leaching chamber, the stirring box is connected to the additive leaching chamber at the top through a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber at the top is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe, an organic porous membrane filter plate layer is provided inside the guide pipe, a sedimentation box is fixedly connected to the mounting frame, and the additive leaching chamber at the bottom extends into the sedimentation box, the upper end of the sedimentation box is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure, the multiple nozzles inside the alkaline leaching chambers are connected to the external alkaline liquid supply pump through a connecting pipe, and the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber at the top is connected to the chimney through a condenser, and an organic porous membrane filter plate layer is provided on the tube wall where the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber at the top is connected to the condenser;

[0022] The lower port of the chimney is connected to the air inlet of the plasma deodorizing gas fixed on the mounting frame, and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas is connected to the chimney through a connecting pipe; a refrigerator connected to the condenser and the cooling box in the oil-water treatment circulation structure is fixed on the mounting frame.

[0023] In the above step 7), the oil-water treatment circulation structure includes a cooling box, an oil-water separator and a centrifugal pump installed on a mounting frame, the cooling box is connected to the upper end of the sedimentation box in the multi-stage flue gas filtration device, and the cooling box is connected to the oil-water separator below it through a connecting pipe, the lower end outlet of the oil-water separator is connected to the centrifugal pump, and the centrifugal pump is connected to the dust collection box and the incinerator through a pipeline.

[0024] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0025] 1. This technical solution makes full use of the characteristics of domestic garbage, which is loose, porous, contains calorific value, moisture, and ash is mostly strongly alkaline. The designed environmentally friendly domestic garbage self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device can realize on-site incineration of garbage and avoid pollution caused by secondary collection and transportation of garbage. The equipment is simple to operate, has a low failure rate, low energy consumption, and non-toxic and harmless exhaust gas and ash emissions;

[0026] 2. This technical solution can control the humidity in the incinerator by setting purification spray devices inside and outside the incinerator, effectively burn the dust in the flue gas, reduce the amount of dust in the furnace, and effectively reduce the overflow of combustion gas;

[0027] 3. This technical solution makes full use of the characteristics of domestic waste and is used for pollution-free treatment of domestic waste. It can achieve self-incineration, detoxification and clean discharge of domestic waste without sorting domestic waste, achieving a treatment process technology that does not require crushing, is completely harmless, energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and realizes on-site incineration of waste and avoids pollution caused by secondary collection and transportation of waste;

[0028] 4. In this technical solution, the viscous gas generated by the incineration of domestic waste is cooled by the condenser and sent to the chimney for direct or treatment discharge. The leached liquid generated during the multi-stage filtration treatment is collected and treated by the oil-water treatment circulation structure and then sent to the incinerator and the dust box located on the top of the incinerator through a pipeline for oil-water circulation treatment, thereby achieving the pollution-free emission standard of the incinerator tail gas;

[0029] 5. This technical solution can realize the self-gradient layer-by-layer incineration of domestic waste, the layer-by-layer filtration and cyclic incineration of smoke and toxic substances, so as to achieve the goal of saving energy and reducing disposal costs. It is especially suitable for the disposal of various high-moisture and high-organic solid wastes, and the incineration ashes can be recycled to achieve the effect of energy saving and environmental protection;

[0030] 6. This technical solution utilizes the calorific value of domestic waste itself for self-incineration. The self-incineration of domestic waste forms a wet mist settling and condensation space, a high-humidity filter layer, a low-humidity filter layer, a dry filter layer, a cementing and sealing filter layer, a carbonization filter layer, a high-temperature incineration layer, a flue gas circulation and re-burning space, a secondary re-burning layer of incineration slag, an oxygen-assisted and oxygen-assisted air heating zone from top to bottom in the incinerator. On the one hand, the flue gas in the furnace is filtered layer by layer to achieve the effect of self-cleaning. On the other hand, trace particulate matter, acidic substances, tar in the incineration flue gas and oil and water circulating into the incinerator can be detoxified by high-temperature incineration, thereby achieving the purpose of self-cleaning and self-incineration of domestic waste in the incinerator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 The figure is a side view of the structure when the mounting frame is removed according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 An embodiment of the present invention is described to clearly and completely describe the technical solution. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0035] An environmentally friendly domestic waste self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device comprises an incinerator 1, a dust collecting box 2, a movable slag trough 3 and a mounting frame 4 arranged on the outside of the incinerator 1, wherein the top of the incinerator 1 is provided with a dust collecting box 2 and a hopper 5 with an upper cover which are connected to the inside of the incinerator 1, and domestic waste is loaded into the incinerator 1 through the hopper 5, the slag trough 3 is arranged below the incinerator 1, the oxygen supply and pressure boosting device arranged in the incinerator 1 is located above the slag trough 3 and is connected to the air compressor outside the incinerator 1, a monitoring device 13 for monitoring internal environmental parameters is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the incinerator 1, and a purification spray device 12 is arranged on the inside and outer walls of the incinerator 1; a multi-stage flue gas filtering device 6 and an oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 are arranged on the mounting frame 4, and the ... After the device 6 is connected with the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7, the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 collects and processes the oil in the multi-stage flue gas filter 6 in a centralized manner. The flue gas in the incinerator 1 is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filter 6 through the guide pipe 8 fixedly connected to the upper end of the incinerator 1. The upper end of the multi-stage flue gas filter 6 is connected with the chimney 10 arranged at the upper end of the mounting frame 4 through the condenser 9. After the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 is connected with the dust box 2 and the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11, the treated oil is sent into the dust box 2 and the incinerator 1 to realize the circulation treatment of oil and water. Specifically, the multi-stage flue gas filter 6 includes a plurality of additive leaching chambers 6-1 connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers 6-2 connected end to end and a stirring box 6-3, and the additives adjacent to each other are connected to each other. The leaching chamber 6-1 is connected to the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2, the stirring box 6-3 is connected to the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the top through a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the top is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe 8, and an organic porous membrane filter plate layer 17 is arranged inside the guide pipe 8, a sedimentation box 6-4 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 4, and the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the bottom extends into the sedimentation box 6-4, and the upper end of the sedimentation box 6-4 is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7, and multiple nozzles inside the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2 are connected to the external alkaline liquid supply pump through a connecting pipe, and the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2 at the top is connected to the chimney 10 through a condenser 9, and an organic multi-layer is arranged on the pipe wall connected to the condenser 9 at the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2 at the top. The porous membrane filter plate layer 17; specifically, the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 includes a cooling box 7-1, an oil-water separator 7-2 and a centrifugal pump 7-3 installed on the mounting frame 4, the cooling box 7-1 is connected to the upper end of the sedimentation box 6-4 in the multi-stage flue gas filtering device 6, and the cooling box 7-1 is connected to the oil-water separator 7-2 below it through a connecting pipe, the lower end outlet of the oil-water separator 7-2 is connected to the centrifugal pump 7-3, and the centrifugal pump 7-3 is connected to the dust box 2 and the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11; specifically, the oxygen supply boosting device is an oxygen supply boosting pipe 14 connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator 1, and a plurality of air outlets are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply boosting pipe 14; the purification spray device 12 is a nozzle connected to the water pump;The monitoring device 13 is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor; specifically, the lower port of the chimney 10 is connected to the air inlet of the plasma deodorizing gas 15 fixed on the mounting frame 4, and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas 15 is connected to the chimney 10 through a connecting pipe; a refrigerator 16 connected to the condenser 9 and the cooling box 7-1 in the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 is fixed on the mounting frame 4. ;

[0036] The environmentally friendly domestic waste self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) Open the upper cover of the hopper 5 at the top of the waste incinerator 1, and use an automatic feeder or manually to load domestic waste into the incinerator 1 through the hopper 5. After loading domestic waste with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.8 m, use a lever and a pressure plate to press the domestic waste in the waste incinerator 1 evenly; when using an automatic feeder to load, the upper cover of the hopper 5 forms a linkage structure with the automatic feeder during the loading process. When the automatic feeder drives the trash can to rise to touch the micro switch, the power unit pulls the upper cover of the hopper 5 to open. When the trash can descends and the micro switch is touched again, the power unit lowers the upper cover of the hopper 5 and closes it. Using an automatic feeder to feed can increase the loading speed and reduce labor intensity;

[0038] 2) While igniting the domestic garbage in the incinerator 1, the purification spray device 12 outside the incinerator 1 is turned on to prevent odorous gas from overflowing from the upper end of the incinerator 1. After the domestic garbage in the incinerator 1 is burned, the monitoring device 13 on the top of the incinerator 1 and the purification spray device 12 inside the incinerator 1 are turned on; specifically, the purification spray device 12 is a nozzle connected to the water pump; the monitoring device 13 is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor, which can control the purification spray device 12 inside the incinerator and the oxygen supply and boosting device to be turned on or off according to the temperature, humidity and pressure parameters detected by the temperature sensor, humidity sensor and pressure sensor in the incinerator 1, thereby ensuring the necessary parameter values ​​in the incinerator 1;

[0039] 3) Open the oxygen supply and pressure boosting device that is introduced into the incinerator 1, so that the domestic garbage in the incinerator 1 is fully burned. After the domestic garbage in the incinerator 1 is burned for 0.5-2h, the incineration time of the domestic garbage is determined according to the different conditions of the domestic garbage. From top to bottom, a wet mist settling and condensation space, a high humidity filter layer, a low humidity filter layer, a dry filter layer, a cementing and sealing filter layer (formed by melting and cross-linking of plastic and rubber materials under heat), a carbonized filter layer, a high-temperature incineration layer, a flue gas circulation and re-burning space, a secondary re-burning layer of incineration slag, an oxygen-assisted and oxygen-assisted air heating zone are formed in the incinerator 1. The oxygen supply booster device adjusts the air supply volume into the incinerator 1 according to the temperature, humidity and pressure inside the incinerator 1; specifically, the oxygen supply booster device is an oxygen supply booster pipe 14 connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator 1, and a plurality of air outlet holes are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply booster pipe 14. Specifically, the oxygen supply method of the oxygen supply booster device is air oxygen booster or oxygen generator oxygen booster. The oxygen-assisted air or oxygen supply gas is self-heated by the heat generated by the incineration of garbage, which can increase the incineration temperature to a higher value, such as 1100°C, or even up to 1200°C.

[0040] The temperature in the wet fog settling and condensing space is 50-80°C, and the humidity of the wet fog settling and condensing space is greater than 90%, and the pressure is greater than 50Pa. The temperature of the high-humidity filter layer is 80-100°C, the temperature of the low-humidity filter layer is 100-130°C, the temperature of the dry filter layer is 120-250°C, the temperature of the cemented closed filter layer is 250-450°C, the temperature of the carbonized filter layer is 450-600°C, the temperature of the high-temperature incineration layer is 600-1000°C, the temperature of the flue gas circulation re-burning space is 600-1100°C, the temperature of the incineration slag secondary re-burning layer is 100-600°C, and the temperature of the oxygen-assisting and oxygen-assisting air heating zone is 25-100°C.

[0041] 4) The combustion flue gas in the incinerator 1 enters the wet mist settling and condensing space at the top of the incinerator 1 after being re-burned in the flue gas circulation re-burning space and filtered by the high-humidity filter layer, low-humidity filter layer, dry filter layer, cementation closed filter layer, and carbonization filter layer. Under the low temperature and high humidity conditions in the wet mist settling and condensing space, trace particulate matter, acidic substances, and tar in the combustion flue gas are again settled and flocculated on the upper layer of garbage. With the addition of new domestic garbage and the incineration and sinking of the lower garbage (high-humidity filter layer, low-humidity filter layer, dry filter layer, cementation closed filter layer, and carbonization filter layer), it enters the high-temperature incineration layer in turn for high-temperature incineration and detoxification;

[0042] 5) The cemented closed filter layer and the carbonized filter layer in the incinerator 1 are relatively dense, and the smoke has a large resistance to pass through the dry filter layer, the low-humidity filter layer and the high-humidity filter layer. Therefore, the high-temperature incineration layer burns to produce swirling high-temperature smoke, which enters the smoke circulation and re-burning space to undergo secondary combustion reaction with the oxygen introduced into the incinerator, thereby eliminating hydrocarbons and preventing the generation of dioxins, and reacting with the cooling incineration slag (ash residue) (deacidification to form sulfates, fluorides, chlorates, etc.) to prevent the generation of dioxins after being rapidly cooled (rapidly cooled to room temperature, thereby preventing the generation of dioxins during the cooling process);

[0043] 6) The viscous gas in the wet mist settling condensation space in the incinerator 1 is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filter device 6 on the mounting frame 4 through the guide pipe 8 for multi-stage treatment. The treated gas is cooled by the condenser 9 and sent to the chimney 10 for direct or treatment discharge; more than 60 vol% of the above viscous gas is water vapor, and the rest is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other substances (trace solid particles, acetic acid, tar, methane, ammonia, etc.); specifically, the multi-stage flue gas filter device 6 includes a plurality of additive leaching chambers 6-1 connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers 6-2 connected end to end and a stirring box 6-3, and the upper and lower adjacent The additive leaching chamber 6-1 is connected to the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2, the stirring box 6-3 is connected to the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the top through a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the top is fixedly connected to the end of the guide pipe 8, and the guide pipe 8 is provided with an organic porous membrane filter plate layer 17 inside. The organic porous membrane filter plate layer 17 here is replaced according to the pressure difference on both sides, and the replaced plate is sent to the incineration chamber for incineration to filter particulate matter and metal ions and tar and other substances. The precipitation box 6-4 is fixedly connected to the mounting frame 4, and the additive leaching chamber 6-1 at the bottom extends into the precipitation box 6-4. The precipitation box 6- 4 is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7, the nozzles inside the multiple alkaline leaching chambers 6-2 are connected to the external alkaline liquid supply pump through the connecting pipe, and the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2 at the top is connected to the chimney 10 through the condenser 9, and the pipe wall where the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber 6-2 at the top is connected to the condenser 9 is provided with an organic porous membrane filter plate layer 17 to complete defogging and de-whitening, and the organic porous membrane filter plate layer 17 is replaced according to the filtering situation; the lower port of the chimney 10 is connected to the air inlet of the plasma deodorizing gas 15 fixed on the mounting frame 4, and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas 15 is connected to the chimney 10 through the connecting pipe. The mounting frame 4 is fixed with a refrigerator 16 connected to the condenser 9 and the cooling box 7-1 in the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7. In this embodiment, there are two alkaline leaching chambers 6-2 and three additive leaching chambers 6-1, which are connected by a tubular structure with upper and lower openings and end-to-end connection. The gas entering the chimney 10 from the condenser 9 enters the plasma deodorizing gas 15 with a heavier mass, that is, the malodorous gas and other irritating odors are effectively removed. The removed gas is discharged to the chimney 10, and the exhaust gas temperature is 20-40°C. The main components are water vapor, nitrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

[0044] 7) The leached liquid generated after being treated by the multi-stage flue gas filter device 6 is collected and treated by the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 arranged on the mounting frame 4, and then sent to the incinerator 1 and the dust box 2 arranged on the top of the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11 for oil-water circulation treatment; Specifically, in the above step 7, the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7 includes a cooling box 7-1, an oil-water separator 7-2 and a centrifugal pump 7-3 installed on the mounting frame 4, the cooling box 7-1 is connected to the upper end of the sedimentation box 6-4 in the multi-stage flue gas filter device 6, and the cooling box 7-1 is connected to the oil-water separator 7-2 below it through a connecting pipe, the lower end outlet of the oil-water separator 7-2 is connected to the centrifugal pump 7-3, and the centrifugal pump 7-3 is connected to the dust box 2 and the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11; After being collected and treated by the oil-water treatment circulation structure 7, it is sprayed into the garbage in the incinerator 1 and the dust box 2 arranged on the top of the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11 for oil-water circulation treatment, so as to solidify and stabilize sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine and various toxic ions, so as to control and adjust the temperature, humidity and other incineration atmosphere of the wet mist settling and condensation space and the high-humidity filter layer and the low-humidity filter layer; toxic components such as dioxins (melting point ≥ 200°C) are solid and adhere to the high-humidity, low-humidity and dry filter layers of the garbage, or are deposited in the wet mist settling and condensation space and adhere to the surface of the high-humidity filter layer. Extremely small amounts of them are deposited in the organic porous membrane filter plate layer or the tail gas spray liquid (spray waste liquid and garbage leachate, and then sprayed into the dry garbage), and are finally sterilized, detoxified, incinerated and vaporized by high-temperature incineration.

[0045] 8) The incineration ash in the slag chute 3 is sorted and recycled. The sorted metal can be recycled, and other ashes can be used as construction waste. Rollers are provided at the bottom of the slag chute 3 to facilitate the movement of the slag chute 3, which is beneficial to the later treatment of the incineration ash in the slag chute 3.

[0046] The above-mentioned treatment device and process method enable the domestic garbage to be dried, gelled (coked) (a large amount of white garbage such as plastics and rubber), carbonized, and incinerated at high temperature, and then gradually settle and move as a whole to the secondary re-burning layer of the incineration slag at the bottom of the incinerator 1 for re-burning, meet with excess oxygen or air, and re-burn, while heating the oxygen or air and quickly cooling the solid ash (incineration slag) to prevent the generation of dioxins and reduce the ignition loss rate of the ash (<0.5%, 800°C). This technical solution makes full use of the characteristics of domestic garbage being loose, porous, containing calorific value, moisture, and ash that is mostly strongly alkaline. The designed environmentally friendly domestic garbage self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device can realize on-site incineration of garbage and avoid pollution caused by secondary collection and transportation of garbage. The equipment is simple to operate, has a low failure rate, low energy consumption, and non-toxic and harmless exhaust gas and ash emissions. By arranging a purification spray device 12 inside and outside the incinerator 1, the humidity in the incinerator 1 can be controlled, the dust in the flue gas can be effectively incinerated, the amount of dust in the furnace can be reduced, and at the same time, the combustion gas can be effectively reduced. The overflow of the body is fully utilized, and the characteristics of domestic waste are used for pollution-free treatment of domestic waste. The self-incineration, detoxification, purification and clean discharge of domestic waste can be achieved without sorting the domestic waste, and the disposal process technology with the goal of complete harmlessness, energy saving and environmental protection without crushing is achieved. The on-site incineration of garbage is achieved, and the pollution caused by the secondary collection and transportation of garbage is avoided. The viscous gas generated by the incineration of domestic waste is cooled by the condenser 9 and sent to the chimney 10 for direct or treatment discharge, and the leaching liquid generated during the multi-stage filtration treatment is discharged by the oil-water treatment cycle After being collected and treated by the ring structure 7, it is sent to the incinerator 1 and the dust box 2 arranged on the top of the incinerator 1 through the pipeline 11 for oil and water circulation treatment, so as to achieve the pollution-free emission standard of the tail gas of the incinerator 1, and can realize the self-gradient incineration of domestic garbage layer by layer, the filtration and circulation incineration of flue gas and toxic substances layer by layer, so as to achieve the goal of saving energy and reducing disposal costs. It is especially suitable for the disposal of various high-water and high-organic solid wastes, and the incineration ash can be recycled to achieve the effect of energy saving and environmental protection. The calorific value contained in the domestic garbage itself is used for self-incineration. The domestic garbage self-incineration From top to bottom, the incinerator 1 forms a wet mist settling and condensation space, a high-humidity filter layer, a low-humidity filter layer, a dry filter layer, a cementation-sealed filter layer, a carbonization filter layer, a high-temperature incineration layer, a flue gas circulation and re-burning space, a combustion slag secondary re-burning layer, an oxygen-assisting and oxygen-assisting air heating zone. On the one hand, the flue gas in the furnace is filtered layer by layer to achieve a self-cleaning effect. On the other hand, trace particulate matter, acidic substances, tar in the incineration flue gas and oil and water circulating into the incinerator 1 can be detoxified by high-temperature incineration, thereby achieving the purpose of self-cleaning and self-incineration of domestic garbage in the incinerator 1.

[0047] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the contents described in the claims of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Environmentally friendly domestic waste self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device, Features: The incinerator (1) comprises an incinerator (1), a dust collecting box (2), a movable slag chute (3) and a mounting frame (4) arranged outside the incinerator (1); the top of the incinerator (1) is provided with a dust collecting box (2) and a hopper (5) with an upper cover which are communicated with the inside of the incinerator (1); domestic garbage is loaded into the incinerator (1) through the opening of the hopper (5); the slag chute (3) is arranged below the incinerator (1); an oxygen supply and pressure boosting device arranged in the incinerator (1) is located above the slag chute (3) and is connected to an air compressor outside the incinerator (1); a monitoring device (13) for monitoring internal environmental parameters is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the incinerator (1); and purification spray devices (12) are arranged inside and on the outer wall of the incinerator (1); the mounting frame (4) is provided with a multi-stage A flue gas filter device (6) and an oil-water treatment circulation structure (7), and after the multi-stage flue gas filter device (6) is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7), the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) collects and processes the oil in the multi-stage flue gas filter device (6) in a centralized manner, the flue gas in the incinerator (1) is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filter device (6) through a guide pipe (8) fixedly connected to the upper end of the incinerator (1), the upper end of the multi-stage flue gas filter device (6) is connected to a chimney (10) arranged at the upper end of a mounting frame (4) through a condenser (9), and the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) is connected to a dust box (2) and the incinerator (1) through a pipeline (11), and then the treated oil is sent into the dust box (2) and the incinerator (1) to realize oil-water circulation treatment; The oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) comprises a cooling box (7-1), an oil-water separator (7-2) and a centrifugal pump (7-3) mounted on a mounting frame (4); the cooling box (7-1) is connected to the upper end of a sedimentation box (6-4) in a multi-stage flue gas filtering device (6); the cooling box (7-1) is connected to the oil-water separator (7-2) below it via a connecting pipe; the lower end outlet of the oil-water separator (7-2) is connected to the centrifugal pump (7-3); and the centrifugal pump (7-3) is connected to the dust collecting box (2) and the incinerator (1) via a pipeline (11); The oxygen supply boosting device is an oxygen supply boosting pipe (14) connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator (1), and a plurality of air outlet holes are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply boosting pipe (14); the purification spray device (12) is a nozzle connected to a water pump; and the monitoring device (13) is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor.

2. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device for domestic waste according to claim 1, Features: The multi-stage smoke filter device (6) comprises a plurality of additive leaching chambers (6-1) connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers (6-2) connected end to end, and a stirring box (6-3), wherein the additive leaching chambers (6-1) adjacent to each other are connected to the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2), the stirring box (6-3) is connected to the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the top via a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the top is fixedly connected to the end of a guide tube (8), an organic porous membrane filter plate layer (17) is provided inside the guide tube (8), and the mounting frame (4) is fixedly connected to a sedimentation box (6-4) and the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the bottom extends into the sedimentation box (6-4). The upper end of the sedimentation box (6-4) is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7). The nozzles inside the plurality of alkaline leaching chambers (6-2) are connected to an external alkaline liquid supply pump via a connecting pipe, and the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2) at the top is connected to a chimney (10) via a condenser (9). An organic porous membrane filter plate layer (17) is provided on the pipe wall where the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2) at the top is connected to the condenser (9).

3. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment device for domestic waste according to claim 1 or 2, Features: The lower port of the chimney (10) is connected to an air inlet of a plasma deodorizing gas (15) fixed on a mounting frame (4), and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas (15) is connected to the chimney (10) via a connecting pipe; a refrigerator (16) connected to a condenser (9) and a cooling box (7-1) in an oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) is fixed on the mounting frame (4).

4. Environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process for domestic waste, Features The following steps are involved: 1) opening the upper cover of the hopper (5) at the top of the waste incinerator (1), and using an automatic feeder or manually loading domestic waste into the incinerator (1) through the hopper (5), after loading the domestic waste with a thickness of 0.5 to 1.8 m, using a lever and a pressing plate to press the domestic waste in the waste incinerator (1) evenly; 2) while igniting the domestic waste in the incinerator (1), turning on the purification spray device (12) outside the incinerator (1) to prevent odorous gas from overflowing from the upper end of the incinerator (1); after the domestic waste in the incinerator (1) is burned, turning on the monitoring device (13) at the top of the incinerator (1) and the purification spray device (12) inside the incinerator (1); 3) turning on the oxygen supply and pressure boosting device for entering the incinerator (1), so that the domestic waste in the incinerator (1) is fully burned. After the domestic waste in the incinerator (1) is burned for 0.5-2 hours, a wet mist settling and condensing space, a high humidity filter layer, a low humidity filter layer, a drying filter layer, a cementing and sealing filter layer, a carbonization filter layer, a high temperature incineration layer, a flue gas circulation and re-burning space, a combustion slag secondary re-burning layer, an oxygen-assisted and oxygen-assisted air heating zone are formed from top to bottom in the incinerator (1). The oxygen supply and pressure boosting device adjusts the air supply volume entering the incinerator (1) according to the temperature, humidity and pressure inside the incinerator (1); 4) The combustion flue gas in the incinerator (1) enters the wet mist settling and condensing space at the top of the incinerator (1) after being re-burned in the flue gas circulation re-burning space and filtered through the high-humidity filter layer, low-humidity filter layer, dry filter layer, cementation sealing filter layer, and carbonization filter layer. Under the low temperature and high humidity conditions in the wet mist settling and condensing space, trace amounts of particulate matter, acidic substances, and tar in the combustion flue gas are again settled and flocculated on the upper layer of the garbage. With the addition of new domestic garbage and the burning and sinking of the lower layer of garbage, the flue gas enters the high-temperature incineration layer in turn for high-temperature incineration and detoxification. 5) The cemented closed filter layer and the carbonized filter layer in the incinerator (1) are relatively dense, and the smoke has a large resistance to passing through the dry filter layer, the low-humidity filter layer and the high-humidity filter layer. Therefore, the high-temperature incineration layer burns to produce swirling high-temperature smoke, which enters the smoke circulation and re-burning space to undergo a secondary combustion reaction with the oxygen introduced into the incinerator, thereby eliminating hydrocarbons and preventing the generation of dioxins. In addition, the smoke reacts with the cooling incineration slag and is rapidly cooled to prevent the generation of dioxins. 6) The viscous gas in the wet mist settling and condensing space in the incinerator (1) is introduced into the multi-stage flue gas filter device (6) on the mounting frame (4) through the guide pipe (8) for multi-stage treatment. The treated gas is cooled by the condenser (9) and sent to the chimney (10) for direct or post-treatment discharge; 7) The leached liquid generated after being treated by the multi-stage flue gas filtering device (6) is collected and treated by the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) disposed on the mounting frame (4), and then sent to the incinerator (1) and the dust collecting box (2) disposed on the top of the incinerator (1) through the pipeline (11) for oil-water circulation treatment; 8) The incineration ash in the slag trough (3) is sorted and recycled.

5. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process of domestic waste according to claim 4, Features: In the above step 2), the purification spray device (12) is a nozzle connected to a water pump; and the monitoring device (13) is a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a pressure sensor.

6. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process of domestic waste according to claim 4, Features: In the above step 3), the oxygen supply and pressure boosting device is an oxygen supply and pressure boosting pipe (14) connected to an external air compressor and extending into the incinerator (1), and a plurality of air outlet holes are distributed on the pipe wall of the oxygen supply and pressure boosting pipe (14); The temperature in the wet fog settling and condensing space is 50-80°C, and the humidity of the wet fog settling and condensing space is greater than 90%, and the pressure is greater than 50Pa. The temperature of the high-humidity filter layer is 80-100°C, the temperature of the low-humidity filter layer is 100-130°C, the temperature of the dry filter layer is 120-250°C, the temperature of the bonded sealed filter layer is 250-450°C, the temperature of the carbonized filter layer is 450-600°C, the temperature of the high-temperature incineration layer is 600-1000°C, the temperature of the flue gas circulation and re-burning space is 600-1100°C, the temperature of the incineration slag secondary re-burning layer is 100-600°C, and the temperature of the oxygen-assisting and oxygen-assisting air heating zone is 25-100°C.

7. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process of domestic waste according to claim 4, Features: In the above step 6), the multi-stage smoke filtering device (6) comprises a plurality of additive leaching chambers (6-1) connected end to end and a plurality of alkaline leaching chambers (6-2) connected end to end and a stirring box (6-3), and the additive leaching chambers (6-1) adjacent to each other are connected to the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2) from top to bottom, the stirring box (6-3) is connected to the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the top through a connecting pipe, and the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the top is fixedly connected to the end of a guide tube (8), and an organic porous membrane filter plate layer (17) is provided inside the guide tube (8), and the A sedimentation box (6-4) is fixedly connected to the mounting frame (4), and the additive leaching chamber (6-1) at the bottom extends into the sedimentation box (6-4); the upper end of the sedimentation box (6-4) is connected to the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7); the nozzles inside the plurality of alkaline leaching chambers (6-2) are connected to an external alkaline liquid supply pump via a connecting pipe; the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2) at the top is connected to a chimney (10) via a condenser (9); an organic porous membrane filter plate layer (17) is provided on the pipe wall connecting the upper end of the alkaline leaching chamber (6-2) at the top to the condenser (9); The lower port of the chimney (10) is connected to an air inlet of a plasma deodorizing gas (15) fixed on a mounting frame (4), and the air outlet of the plasma deodorizing gas (15) is connected to the chimney (10) via a connecting pipe; a refrigerator (16) connected to a condenser (9) and a cooling box (7-1) in an oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) is fixed on the mounting frame (4).

8. The environmentally friendly self-cleaning and self-incineration treatment process of domestic waste according to claim 4, Features: In the above step 7), the oil-water treatment circulation structure (7) comprises a cooling box (7-1), an oil-water separator (7-2) and a centrifugal pump (7-3) mounted on a mounting frame (4); the cooling box (7-1) is connected to the upper end of a sedimentation box (6-4) in a multi-stage flue gas filtering device (6), and the cooling box (7-1) is connected to the oil-water separator (7-2) below it via a connecting pipe; the lower end outlet of the oil-water separator (7-2) is connected to the centrifugal pump (7-3), and the centrifugal pump (7-3) is connected to the dust collecting box (2) and the incinerator (1) via a pipeline (11).

Images