A radionuclide monitoring system and a nuclide monitoring method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of radionuclide monitoring systems, the system includes monitoring subsystem, transmission subsystem, data processing subsystem and decision subsystem, wherein, the radionuclide concentration monitored by monitoring subsystem is transmitted to data processing subsystem by transmission subsystem, data processing subsystem respectively utilizes atmosphere and marine radionuclide diffusion model to the radionuclide concentration of transmission is analyzed, and the analysis result is transmitted to decision subsystem, and emergency plan is given by decision subsystem.The radionuclide monitoring system in the application can not only sample monitoring to atmosphere and marine with low radionuclide concentration, but also can carry out real-time monitoring to atmosphere and marine with high radionuclide concentration;Meanwhile, it can predict radionuclide migration path and concentration distribution in atmosphere and marine according to monitoring result, to provide reference for nuclear leakage accident emergency response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of nuclear power safety and environmental protection, and is particularly applicable to monitoring and predicting the concentration of radioactivity in seawater and atmosphere in marine environments after a nuclear leak accident, and providing emergency response plans. Background Technology

[0002] With continuous industrial development, environmental problems have become increasingly severe, and protecting the ecological environment has become a crucial issue facing humanity. The continuous development of nuclear energy and the widespread application of nuclear technology, the release of nuclear waste from coastal nuclear power plants and marine nuclear-powered vessels, and nuclear leaks caused by nuclear accidents have caused enormous damage to the atmospheric and marine environment, and even human society, with impacts that can last for hundreds, thousands, or even longer. Most countries have made preventing and controlling atmospheric and marine nuclear pollution a key task for humanity; therefore, enhancing environmental security capabilities is of paramount importance.

[0003] A serious accident at a coastal nuclear power plant can lead to core meltdown or even an explosion, destroying the nuclear facility and causing a severe radioactive leak. Radioactive aerosols leaking into the atmosphere cause serious atmospheric radioactive pollution; cooling water containing radioactive materials, whether leaked into or discharged into the ocean, causes serious marine radioactive pollution. This pollution is not only long-lasting and widespread, but also has complex and severe consequences. Monitoring the concentration of radionuclides in the ocean and atmosphere is crucial for protecting the atmospheric and marine environment.

[0004] Existing methods for monitoring radionuclides at sea suffer from poor intelligence, limited data acquisition, and weak reference value, making them insufficient for responding to nuclear leak accidents. Current marine radionuclide monitoring devices cannot simultaneously monitor the radioactivity levels of the atmosphere and ocean. For low-concentration radioactive atmospheres and oceans, monitoring can only be conducted by collecting seawater and atmospheric samples and bringing them back to the laboratory. This sampling and monitoring method involves complex sample processing, a large workload, and is time-consuming. While mobile monitoring can monitor high-concentration radioactive oceans and atmospheres, it cannot monitor low-concentration radioactive oceans and atmospheres, and real-time monitoring from land platforms is not possible. Currently, real-time monitoring systems exist for marine resource utilization, but no real-time monitoring systems for marine radionuclides have been found. Existing marine radionuclide monitoring devices rely heavily on foreign communication systems for data transmission, and suffer from problems such as limited data transmission modes and low reliability.

[0005] Due to the above problems, it is necessary to design a radionuclide monitoring system that can both sample and monitor the atmosphere and seawater with low radionuclide concentrations and monitor the atmosphere and seawater with high radionuclide concentrations in real time, in order to address nuclear pollution control and nuclear leakage accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the inventors conducted intensive research and designed a radionuclide monitoring system. This system comprises a monitoring subsystem, a transmission subsystem, a data processing subsystem, a control subsystem, a decision-making subsystem, and a power subsystem. The monitoring subsystem includes atmospheric and marine monitoring devices, capable of sampling and monitoring atmospheric and seawater concentrations at low levels, as well as real-time monitoring of atmospheric and seawater concentrations at high levels. The data processing subsystem analyzes the monitored radionuclide concentrations using atmospheric and marine radionuclide diffusion models and transmits the analysis results to the decision-making subsystem, which then generates contingency plans, thus completing this invention.

[0007] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a radionuclide monitoring system, the system comprising a monitoring subsystem, a transmission subsystem, a data processing subsystem, and a decision-making subsystem; wherein the monitoring subsystem is used to simultaneously monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the atmosphere and the ocean.

[0008] The monitoring subsystem includes an atmospheric monitoring device and a marine monitoring device.

[0009] Preferably, the atmospheric monitoring device includes an atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 and an atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10;

[0010] The marine monitoring device includes a real-time marine nuclide monitoring device 8 and a marine nuclide sampling monitoring device 12.

[0011] The atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 is selected from a gas detector, a semiconductor detector or a scintillator detector, preferably a scintillator detector, and more preferably a NaI(Tl) scintillator detector.

[0012] The atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10 includes a fan 27 and a nuclide adsorption column 29.

[0013] The marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 is selected from gas detectors, semiconductor detectors or scintillator detectors, preferably scintillator detectors, and more preferably NaI(Tl) scintillator detectors;

[0014] The marine radionuclide sampling and monitoring device 12 includes a filter, a pump 16, and a radionuclide adsorption device;

[0015] The filter includes a large particle filter 15 and a fine particle filter 18.

[0016] The radionuclide adsorption device includes an iodine adsorption column 19 and a cesium adsorption column 20.

[0017] The transmission subsystem employs both network signal transmission and communication satellite transmission, with the preferred communication satellite transmission method being the BeiDou satellite transmission method.

[0018] The data processing subsystem uses an atmospheric nuclide diffusion model to analyze the concentration of nuclides in the incoming atmosphere.

[0019] The data processing subsystem uses a marine nuclide diffusion model to analyze the concentration of nuclides in the incoming ocean data.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring method for a radionuclide monitoring system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Deploy test sites equipped with monitoring subsystems in the ocean;

[0022] Step 2: Monitor the nuclide concentration through the monitoring subsystem, and transmit the monitored nuclide concentration to the data processing subsystem through the transmission subsystem;

[0023] Step 3: The data processing subsystem analyzes the incoming nuclide concentrations and transmits the analysis results to the decision-making subsystem.

[0024] In step 2, the concentration of nuclides is monitored by controlling the monitoring subsystem through the control subsystem;

[0025] In step 3, the data processing subsystem analyzes the concentration of incoming nuclides using atmospheric and oceanic nuclide diffusion models, respectively.

[0026] Step 4 is performed after step 3, where the decision subsystem provides an emergency plan.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0028] 1) The radionuclide detection system provided by the present invention has an atmospheric monitoring device that can be used to monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the atmosphere and a marine monitoring device that can be used to monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the ocean. It can simultaneously monitor radioactive materials in the atmosphere and the ocean, thereby expanding the monitoring range and improving the monitoring efficiency.

[0029] 2) The radionuclide detection system provided by the present invention, including its atmospheric radionuclide sampling and monitoring device and marine radionuclide sampling and monitoring device, can automatically collect samples without the need to collect large amounts of seawater and air to prepare samples for testing in the laboratory, thus simplifying the monitoring operation.

[0030] 3) The radionuclide detection system provided by the present invention has a real-time monitoring device for seawater radionuclides equipped with multiple NaI(Tl) scintillator detectors and a marine radionuclide sampling and monitoring device equipped with multiple electric valves, which can measure the concentration of radionuclides in seawater at different depths;

[0031] 4) The radionuclide detection system provided by this invention uses network signal transmission or communication satellite transmission for data transmission in its transmission subsystem, ensuring the real-time performance, reliability and security of signal transmission;

[0032] 5) The radionuclide detection system provided by this invention has a data processing subsystem that uses atmospheric and marine nuclide diffusion models to analyze the concentration of monitored nuclides, and the analysis results are reliable and highly accurate.

[0033] 6) The radionuclide detection system provided by the present invention uses solar panels and wave power generation devices to power the storage battery in its power subsystem. The storage battery and the nuclear battery together power the system, providing multiple guarantees for the operation of the system.

[0034] 7) The monitoring method of the radionuclide detection system provided by the present invention can both sample and monitor the atmosphere and seawater with low nuclide concentrations, and can also monitor the atmosphere and seawater with high nuclide concentrations in real time, thereby improving the sensitivity of the monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 A structural diagram of a test point according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A structural diagram of a marine nuclide sampling and detection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0037] Figure 3 A structural diagram of an atmospheric nuclide sampling and detection device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0038] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a radionuclide detection system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0039] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0040] 1-Antenna;

[0041] 2-Solar panels;

[0042] 3-Buoy;

[0043] 4-Communication terminal;

[0044] 5-Atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device;

[0045] 6-Control terminal;

[0046] 7-Nuclear battery;

[0047] 8-Real-time monitoring device for marine nuclides;

[0048] 9-Staff;

[0049] 10-Atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device;

[0050] 11-Storage battery;

[0051] 12-Marine radionuclide sampling and monitoring device;

[0052] 13-Wave power generation device;

[0053] 14-Electric valve;

[0054] 15-Large particle filter;

[0055] 16-Pump;

[0056] 17-Liquid Flow Meter;

[0057] 18- Fine particulate filter;

[0058] 19-Iodine adsorption column;

[0059] 20-cesium adsorption column;

[0060] 21-Check valve;

[0061] 22-Box;

[0062] 26 - Front check valve;

[0063] 27-Fan;

[0064] 28 - Gas flow meter;

[0065] 29-Nucleoside Adsorption Column;

[0066] 30 - Back check valve. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer and more apparent.

[0068] The term “exemplary” as used herein means “serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration.” Any embodiment illustrated herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. Although various aspects of embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0069] The present invention provides a radionuclide monitoring system, which includes a monitoring subsystem, a transmission subsystem, a data processing subsystem, and a decision-making subsystem.

[0070] The monitoring subsystem is used to monitor the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean, and transmits the monitored concentrations of nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean to the data processing subsystem via the transmission subsystem.

[0071] The data processing subsystem analyzes the concentration of nuclides in the incoming atmosphere using an atmospheric nuclide diffusion model and the concentration of nuclides in the incoming ocean using an ocean nuclide diffusion model. The analysis results are then transmitted to the decision-making subsystem via the transmission subsystem, which then generates an emergency response plan.

[0072] The radionuclide monitoring system of this invention is mainly used in marine environments to monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the ocean and atmosphere, determine the degree of nuclear contamination, and formulate treatment plans. Nuclear contamination refers to radioactive pollution caused by the release of large amounts of radioactive material into the environment during normal operation or accidents at nuclear facilities. Its harm stems from the radiation damage to the public and other organisms caused by alpha, beta, and gamma rays emitted by radionuclides; therefore, it is also known as radioactive pollution. Monitoring the concentration of radionuclides is one of the important measures to control marine pollution and protect the marine environment and resources.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the monitoring subsystem includes an atmospheric monitoring device and a marine monitoring device.

[0074] Current marine radionuclide monitoring devices, due to technological limitations, do not consider both atmospheric and marine radionuclides, and cannot simultaneously monitor the radiation levels, i.e., the concentrations of radionuclides, in both the atmosphere and the ocean. However, in this invention, an atmospheric monitoring device can be used to monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the atmosphere, and a marine monitoring device can be used to monitor the concentration of radionuclides in the ocean. A single monitoring system can simultaneously monitor the concentrations of radionuclides in both the atmosphere and the ocean, expanding the monitoring range and improving monitoring efficiency.

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the atmospheric monitoring device includes an atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 and an atmospheric nuclide sampling monitoring device 10.

[0076] Because the monitoring devices have limited detection concentration and sensitivity, this invention employs different monitoring devices for different nuclide concentrations in the atmosphere. Specifically, when the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere... 131 I, 137 Cs、 134 Cs、 133 When the concentration of total nuclides such as Xe exceeds 10 Bq / L, the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 is activated; when the concentration of total nuclides in the atmosphere... 131 I, 137 Cs、 134 Cs、 133When the concentration of total nuclides such as Xe is below 10 Bq / L, the atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10 is activated.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment, the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 is selected from a gas detector, a semiconductor detector, or a scintillator detector, preferably a scintillator detector.

[0078] The scintillators in scintillation detectors are generally classified into three categories: inorganic scintillators, organic scintillators, and gaseous scintillators. In this invention, the scintillator in the scintillator detector is preferably an inorganic scintillator.

[0079] Compared to organic scintillators, inorganic scintillators have the advantages of diverse types, high density, and stable physicochemical properties. Inorganic scintillators generally refer to inorganic salt crystals containing a small amount of mixture (activator). Although pure inorganic salt crystals can also be used as scintillators, adding an activator significantly improves luminous efficiency. Common inorganic scintillators include sodium thallium iodide (NaI) (Tl) and cesium thallium iodide (CsI) (Tl).

[0080] In this invention, the inorganic scintillator is preferably NaI(Tl). NaI(Tl) crystals have high density, high energy conversion efficiency, good compatibility with photomultiplier tubes, are simple to prepare, and are easy to process into various shapes, making them the best scintillator for detecting gamma rays currently available.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10 includes a fan 27 and a nuclide adsorption column 29, with the nuclide adsorption column 29 installed at the outlet of the fan 27.

[0082] When the concentration of radionuclides in the air is low, it is necessary to adsorb the radionuclides dispersed in the air into a medium before monitoring. In this invention, the radionuclide adsorption column uses activated carbon with high capture efficiency as the adsorbent. Sampling is performed continuously for 0.5-5 hours, preferably 1-3 hours. For example, after 1 hour, the fan is turned off, sampling ends, and the radionuclide adsorption column is tested. If the radionuclide concentration cannot be detected, the radionuclide adsorption column is returned to its original position and sampling continues until the radionuclide concentration can be detected.

[0083] In this invention, the main function of the fan is to supply air to the radionuclide adsorption column and increase the adsorption rate of the radionuclide adsorption column. For this purpose, any type of fan can be used, such as a common ventilator.

[0084] In order to facilitate the control of the adsorption amount of the radionuclide adsorption column 29 and the calculation of the radionuclide concentration in the atmosphere, in this invention, preferably, a gas flow meter 28 is installed between the fan 27 and the radionuclide adsorption column 29.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the atmospheric radionuclide sampling and monitoring device 10 further includes a front check valve 26 and a rear check valve 30. The front check valve 26 is located at the inlet of the fan 27, and the rear check valve 30 is located at the outlet of the radionuclide adsorption column 29.

[0086] The purpose of setting the front check valve 26 and the rear check valve 30 is to ensure one-way exhaust and prevent air from automatically entering the adsorption column during atmospheric movement, which could contaminate the sample.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the marine monitoring module includes a real-time marine nuclide monitoring device 8 and a marine nuclide sampling monitoring device 12.

[0088] Because the monitoring devices have limited detection concentration and sensitivity, this invention employs different monitoring devices for different nuclide concentrations in the ocean. Specifically, when the ocean contains... 131 I, 137 When the concentration of total nuclides such as Cs exceeds 10 Bq / L, the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 is activated; when the concentration of total nuclides such as Cs in the ocean exceeds 10 Bq / L, the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 is activated; 131 I, 137 When the concentration of total nuclides such as Cs is less than 10 Bq / L, the marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device 12 is activated.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 is selected from a gas detector, a semiconductor detector, or a scintillator detector, preferably a scintillator detector, more preferably a NaI(Tl) scintillator detector, wherein the NaI(Tl) scintillator detector in the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 and the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 are of the same type and are identical.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8 is configured as a plurality of devices, preferably 2-6, for example 3.

[0091] By setting up multiple real-time marine nuclide monitoring devices 8, seawater at different ocean depths can be collected, and the nuclide concentration at different ocean depths can be measured.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device 12 includes a filter, a pump 16, and a nuclide adsorption device.

[0093] The filter is used to remove impurities from the seawater to prevent contamination of the radionuclide adsorption device. Pump 16 is used to supply radioactive seawater to the radionuclide adsorption device, thereby increasing the adsorption rate of the device.

[0094] When sampling seawater, sampling is generally performed continuously for 0.5-5 hours, preferably 1-3 hours. For example, after 1 hour, the pump is turned off, and sampling ends. Then, the radionuclide concentration is detected using the radionuclide adsorption device. If the radionuclide concentration cannot be detected, the device is returned to its original position, and sampling continues until a radionuclide concentration can be detected.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the filter includes a large particle filter 15 and a fine particle filter 18; the large particle filter 15 is disposed at the pump inlet, and the fine particle filter 18 is disposed at the pump outlet, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0096] The large particle filter 15 is filled with sand particles smaller than 0.5mm. The main purpose of the large particle filter 15 is to intercept suspended matter in seawater and prevent it from being sucked into the pump and causing damage to the pump.

[0097] The fine particle filter 18 is filled with aerogel. Aerogel, also known as dry gel, is a porous material with a very low density (close to air density) obtained by reacting a chemical solution to form a sol, then gelling it, and finally removing the solvent from the gel. It has a three-dimensional network structure filled with gas and appears as a solid. Aerogels, depending on their composition, mainly include silica aerogel, alumina aerogel, zirconia aerogel, and carbon aerogel. In this invention, carbon aerogel with a porosity greater than 90% is preferred.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment, the radionuclide adsorption device includes an iodine adsorption column 19 and a cesium adsorption column 20, which are sequentially connected after the fine particulate filter 18.

[0099] Among them, the iodine adsorption column 19 uses activated carbon with a micropore diameter of less than 20 nm for adsorption. 131 I. Cesium adsorption column 20 uses clinoptilolite for adsorption. 137 Cs and 134 Cs.

[0100] To prevent seawater backflow, preferably, a check valve 21 is installed at the outlet of the cesium adsorption column 20.

[0101] In order to facilitate the control of the adsorption capacity of the radionuclide adsorption device and the calculation of the radionuclide concentration in the ocean, in this invention, preferably, a liquid flow meter 17 is installed between the pump 16 and the fine particle filter 18.

[0102] In this invention, to prevent the large particle filter 15, pump 16, liquid flow meter 17, fine particle filter 18, iodine adsorption column 19, cesium adsorption column 20, and check valve 21 from being eroded and corroded by flowing seawater, it is preferable that the large particle filter 15, pump 16, liquid flow meter 17, fine particle filter 18, iodine adsorption column 19, cesium adsorption column 20, and check valve 21 are housed inside the housing 22. Figure 2 As shown.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the marine radionuclide sampling and monitoring device 12 further includes a plurality of electrically operated valves 14. The number of electrically operated valves 14 is preferably 2-6, for example 3.

[0104] Electric valves utilize electric actuators to control valves. This invention employs electric valves, enabling remote control and simplifying operation. By setting multiple electric valves 14, seawater samples at different depths can be collected, improving the accuracy of the detection results.

[0105] In this invention, since different monitoring devices are used to monitor nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean at different nuclide concentrations, and ocean nuclide monitoring also involves monitoring seawater at different depths, in order to facilitate timely adjustment of the monitoring devices, preferably, the radionuclide monitoring system of this invention also includes a control subsystem.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the control subsystem is a control terminal 6, which is connected to the monitoring subsystem via a wire. The specific control process of the control terminal 6 is as follows:

[0107] When the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere exceeds 10 Bq / L, the control terminal 6 activates the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5. A NaI scintillator detector detects the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere. After processing by a photomultiplier tube and analyzer, the data is collected by the control terminal 6 and transmitted in real-time to the data processing subsystem via communication satellite or network signal. When the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 fails to detect a nuclide concentration, it indicates a low concentration. In this case, the control terminal 6 shuts down the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5 and activates the atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10.

[0108] Control terminal 6 activates fan 27. Radioactive atmosphere passes through front check valve 26 and fan 27, enters nuclide adsorption column 29, and then passes through rear check valve 30 before entering the atmosphere. Sampling is performed continuously for 0.5-5 hours, preferably 1-3 hours. For example, after 1 hour, the fan is turned off, sampling ends, and the nuclide adsorption column is monitored. If no nuclide concentration is detected, the nuclide adsorption column is returned to its original position, and sampling continues until a nuclide concentration is detectable. When the atmospheric nuclide concentration exceeds 10 Bq / L, control terminal 6 shuts down atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device 10 and restarts atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device 5.

[0109] When the concentration of seawater nuclides exceeds 10 Bq / L, the control terminal 6 activates the real-time marine nuclide monitoring device 8. A NaI scintillator detector detects the nuclide concentration at different test points. After processing by a photomultiplier tube and analyzer, the data is collected by the control terminal 6 and transmitted in real-time to the data processing subsystem via communication satellite or network signal. When the real-time marine nuclide monitoring device 8 fails to detect any nuclide concentration, it indicates a low concentration. In this case, the control terminal 6 shuts down the real-time marine nuclide monitoring device 8 and activates the marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device 12.

[0110] Control terminal 6 opens the corresponding valve 14 according to the measured seawater depth, then starts pump 16. Seawater enters through the inlet, passing through large particle filter 15, pump 16, and fine particle filter 18, then into iodine adsorption column 19 and cesium adsorption column 20, and finally through check valve 21 before entering the ocean. Sampling continues for 0.5-5 hours, preferably 1-3 hours. For example, after 1 hour, the pump is turned off, ending the sampling. Afterwards, staff remove and replace the cores of large particle filter 15, fine particle filter 18, iodine adsorption column 19, and cesium adsorption column 20, and then perform nuclide concentration detection on iodine adsorption column 19 and cesium adsorption column 20. If no nuclide concentration is detected, the nuclide adsorption device is returned to its original position and sampling continues until a nuclide concentration can be detected. When the nuclide concentration in seawater exceeds 10 Bq / L, control terminal 6 shuts down the marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device 12 and restarts the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device 8.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, after the monitoring subsystem measures the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean, the monitored concentrations of nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean are transmitted to the data processing subsystem via the transmission subsystem.

[0112] In this invention, the transmission subsystem includes a network signal transmission method and a communication satellite transmission method, wherein the communication satellite transmission method is preferably the BeiDou satellite transmission method.

[0113] Data on the concentration of nuclides in the ocean and atmosphere collected by monitoring devices near the coast can be transmitted to the data processing subsystem via network signals or communication satellites; however, data from monitoring devices far off the coast is transmitted to the data processing subsystem only via communication satellites.

[0114] Near-shore refers to monitoring devices located 0-100km from the coastline, while far-shore refers to monitoring devices located more than 100km from the coastline. Due to poor network signal at the far coast, monitoring devices at the far coast transmit data to the data processing subsystem only via communication satellite.

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the transmission subsystem transmits signals via communication terminal 4 and antenna 1. The communication terminal 4 includes a BeiDou communication universal control terminal and a 5G network terminal.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the data processing subsystem uses the incoming atmospheric nuclide concentration as the source term of the nuclide diffusion model, analyzes it using the atmospheric nuclide diffusion model, and predicts the atmospheric nuclide concentration in the next stage; the data processing subsystem uses the incoming ocean nuclide concentration as the source term, analyzes it using the ocean nuclide diffusion model, and predicts the ocean nuclide concentration in the next stage.

[0117] Among them, the preferred atmospheric nuclide diffusion model is the Gaussian model. The preferred marine nuclide diffusion model is the ROMS model.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the analysis results of the data processing subsystem are transmitted to the decision-making subsystem via the transmission subsystem, and the decision-making subsystem provides an emergency plan.

[0119] Based on the analysis results of the data processing subsystem, the next migration direction of the nuclide is determined, and personnel evacuation instructions are issued for the areas where the nuclide is about to migrate.

[0120] In a preferred embodiment, the radionuclide monitoring system further includes a power subsystem.

[0121] The power subsystem is selected from one or more of the storage battery 11 and the nuclear battery 7, preferably with the storage battery 11 and the nuclear battery 7 providing power together.

[0122] A nuclear battery, also known as a radioisotope battery, is a device that uses the decay of radioactive isotopes to release energy-carrying particles (such as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays) and convert that energy into electrical energy. Nuclear batteries have advantages such as small size, light weight, long lifespan, and strong resistance to interference.

[0123] A single power supply method is unstable. In order to ensure the stability of the power subsystem, the present invention preferably uses a combination of storage battery 11 and nuclear battery 7 for power supply.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment, the power supply device for the battery 11 is selected from one or more of the solar panel 2 or the wave power generation device 13, preferably the solar panel 2 and the wave power generation device 13 together supply power to the battery 11.

[0125] In this invention, a wave energy power generation device 13 can be used to power the storage battery 11. The wave energy power generation device is a device that first converts wave energy into mechanical energy (hydraulic energy), and then into electrical energy. The wave energy power generation device utilizes waves, which are an inexhaustible, renewable, and clean energy source. The radionuclide monitoring system in this invention is mainly used in marine environments, making it easier to utilize a wave energy power generation device for power supply.

[0126] However, there are calm times at sea. To avoid insufficient power supply from battery 11, this invention can also use solar panel 12 to power battery 11. Solar panel 12 absorbs sunlight and converts solar radiation energy directly or indirectly into electrical energy through the photoelectric effect or photochemical effect. Compared to ordinary batteries and rechargeable batteries, solar batteries are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly green products. However, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar panels is relatively low and not stable enough.

[0127] To ensure that the battery 11 has sufficient power, the present invention preferably uses a solar panel 2 and a wave power generation device 13 to jointly power the battery 11.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the monitoring subsystem, power subsystem, antenna 1, communication terminal 4, and control terminal 6 are mounted on a support 9, which is installed on a buoy 3. The purpose of the buoy 3 is to ensure that the device floats on the water. Figure 1 As shown.

[0129] The structure consisting of a monitoring subsystem, a power subsystem, antenna 1, communication terminal 4, control terminal 6, support frame 9, and buoy 3 constitutes a test point. When detecting nuclide concentrations in the ocean and atmosphere, multiple test points can be set up at both the far and near coastlines to expand the testing range and collect as much test data as possible for the decision-making subsystem. This improves the scientific validity and reliability of the emergency response plans provided by the decision-making subsystem. Figure 4 As shown.

[0130] A second aspect of the present invention provides a monitoring method for a radionuclide monitoring system, the method comprising the following steps:

[0131] Step 1: Deploy test sites equipped with monitoring subsystems in the ocean;

[0132] Step 2: Monitor the nuclide concentration through the monitoring subsystem, and transmit the monitored nuclide concentration to the data processing subsystem through the transmission subsystem;

[0133] In step 2, the concentration of nuclides is monitored by controlling the monitoring subsystem through the control subsystem;

[0134] Step 3: The data processing subsystem analyzes the incoming nuclide concentrations and transmits the analysis results to the decision-making subsystem.

[0135] In step 3, the data processing subsystem analyzes the concentration of the incoming nuclides using atmospheric and marine nuclide diffusion models, respectively.

[0136] After step 3, preferably, step 4 is performed, where the decision subsystem provides an emergency plan.

[0137] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship in the working state of this invention. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0138] The present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments; however, these embodiments are merely exemplary and illustrative. Various substitutions and modifications can be made to the present invention based on these embodiments, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radionuclide monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a monitoring subsystem, a transmission subsystem, a data processing subsystem, a control subsystem, and a decision-making subsystem; The monitoring subsystem is used to simultaneously monitor the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere and ocean; The monitoring subsystem includes atmospheric monitoring devices and marine monitoring devices; The atmospheric monitoring device includes an atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5) and an atmospheric nuclide sampling monitoring device (10). The atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device (10) includes a fan (27) and a nuclide adsorption column (29), and a gas flow meter (28) is installed between the fan (27) and the nuclide adsorption column (29). The marine monitoring device includes a real-time marine nuclide monitoring device (8) and a marine nuclide sampling monitoring device (12). The marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device (12) includes a filter, a pump (16) and a nuclide adsorption device, with a liquid flow meter (17) installed between the pump (16) and the particle filter. The control subsystem is a control terminal (6). When the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere is higher than 10 Bq / L, the control terminal (6) turns on the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5). When the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5) cannot detect the nuclide concentration, the control terminal (6) turns off the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5) and turns on the atmospheric nuclide sampling monitoring device (10). When the concentration of nuclides in the atmosphere is higher than 10 Bq / L, the atmospheric nuclide sampling and monitoring device (10) is shut down by the control terminal (6), and the atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5) is restarted. When the concentration of seawater nuclides is higher than 10 Bq / L, the real-time monitoring device for marine nuclides (8) is turned on by the control terminal (6). When the real-time monitoring device for marine nuclides (8) cannot detect the nuclide concentration, the real-time monitoring device for marine nuclides (8) is turned off by the control terminal (6), and the marine nuclide sampling monitoring device (12) is turned on. When the concentration of nuclides in seawater is higher than 10 Bq / L, the marine nuclide sampling and monitoring device (12) is shut down by the control terminal (6), and the marine nuclide real-time monitoring device (8) is restarted.

2. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atmospheric nuclide real-time monitoring device (5) is selected from gas detectors, semiconductor detectors or scintillator detectors.

3. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The marine nuclide real-time monitoring device (8) is selected from gas detectors, semiconductor detectors or scintillator detectors.

4. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter includes a large particle filter (15) and a fine particle filter (18); The radionuclide adsorption device includes an iodine adsorption column (19) and a cesium adsorption column (20).

5. The monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The transmission subsystem adopts network signal transmission and communication satellite transmission, with the preferred communication satellite transmission method being the BeiDou satellite transmission method.

6. The monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing subsystem uses an atmospheric nuclide diffusion model to analyze the concentration of nuclides in the incoming atmosphere; The data processing subsystem uses a marine nuclide diffusion model to analyze the concentration of nuclides in the incoming ocean data.

7. A method for monitoring radionuclides, comprising using the system described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Deploy test sites equipped with monitoring subsystems in the ocean; Step 2: Monitor the nuclide concentration through the monitoring subsystem, and transmit the monitored nuclide concentration to the data processing subsystem through the transmission subsystem; Step 3: The data processing subsystem analyzes the incoming nuclide concentrations and transmits the analysis results to the decision-making subsystem.

8. The monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step 2, the control subsystem controls the monitoring subsystem to monitor the nuclide concentration; In step 3, the data processing subsystem analyzes the concentration of incoming nuclides using atmospheric and oceanic nuclide diffusion models, respectively.

9. The monitoring method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, Step 4 follows step 3, where the decision-making subsystem provides an emergency response plan.

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